CN110244391B - Metamaterial capable of realizing plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on graphene strip structure and application thereof - Google Patents

Metamaterial capable of realizing plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on graphene strip structure and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110244391B
CN110244391B CN201910398752.0A CN201910398752A CN110244391B CN 110244391 B CN110244391 B CN 110244391B CN 201910398752 A CN201910398752 A CN 201910398752A CN 110244391 B CN110244391 B CN 110244391B
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graphene
strips
transparent window
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范春珍
贾微
任佩雯
贾渊琳
万聪
王顺园
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Zhengzhou University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of plasmon induction transparency, and particularly discloses a metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon induction transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure and application thereof.

Description

Metamaterial capable of realizing plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on graphene strip structure and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plasmon induction transparency, and particularly discloses a metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon induction transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure and application thereof.
Background
Plasmon Induced Transparency (PIT) is a phenomenon that similar electromagnetic induced transparency is realized by utilizing the Plasmon characteristic of a metamaterial. The surface of the graphene has metallicity in terahertz and near infrared frequency bands, and can generate surface plasmons. The Fermi level of the graphene can be well adjusted through chemical doping or electrostatic control. In addition, compared with a PIT structure composed of a noble metal, graphene has the characteristics of relatively low loss, strong light limitation and the like, so that a metamaterial structure composed of graphene is an ideal candidate for designing a tunable EIT-like system.
In recent years, graphene is widely applied to PIT structure design. Wu et al creatively propose a waveguide structure capable of realizing the PIT effect based on graphene, and as one of the structural characteristics capable of realizing the PIT effect, the refractive index sensitivity of the three-dimensional structure is as high as 4160 nm/RIU. The research result is helpful for deepening the understanding of PIT effect and the nano sensor, and has certain reference value for the research and the application of the nano optical device based on the graphene. An asymmetric H-type graphene metamaterial capable of realizing the PIT effect is provided by Tian et al and is numerically researched and calculated, the PIT effect can be caused by changing the polarization direction of an incident light electric field, and the regulation and control of a transparent window from ON to OFF can be realized. Zhang et al designs a metamaterial structure capable of realizing PIT effect in terahertz frequency domain based on single-layer graphene. The structure consists of a continuous graphene strip and graphene sheets symmetrically arranged at two sides. Destructive interference between bright-dark modes causes a significant PIT effect, and dynamic control of the transparent window can be achieved by changing the graphene fermi level. In addition, related researchers have proposed a plurality of structures capable of realizing the PIT phenomenon based on graphene in recent two years, but most of the structures cannot regulate and control the number of transparent windows, so that the switching effect is achieved. This greatly restricts the application of plasmon-induced transparency technology in switching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure and application thereof.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a metamaterial based on graphite alkene strip structure can realize transparent window switch effect of plasmon induction comprises the base and sets up the graphite alkene layer on the base, graphite alkene layer is by being that four vertical and parallel strip type graphite alkene constitutional units that are periodic arrangement on the base constitute.
Further, the widths of the four vertically parallel strips are equal, and the distances between adjacent graphene strips are equal.
Further, the four vertical parallel graphene strips are each unequal in length.
Furthermore, any two of the four vertical parallel graphene strips are equal in length, and the other two vertical parallel graphene strips are respectively not equal to the two equal graphene strips.
Furthermore, any two of the four vertically parallel graphene strips form a group, the lengths of the two graphene strips in the group are equal, and the two groups of graphene strips are not equal.
Further, the material of the substrate is alumina or glass.
The application of the metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon induced transparent window switching effect in a light-operated switch, a light modulator and a sensor can be realized based on the graphene strip structure.
The preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
by using a chemical vapor deposition method, carbon cracked at high temperature permeates into the substrate, a single-layer graphene is formed on the surface when the temperature is rapidly reduced, then different structures of the graphene can be effectively engraved by using a laser etching or electron beam lithography method, and the graphene is transferred to the upper part of the substrate, so that the manufacturing of the whole structure is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the graphene metamaterial with the four vertically parallel strip structures has the following technical effects:
(1) the two-dimensional periodically arranged single-layer graphene structure is designed based on the double-dipole destructive interference theory, the structural unit is composed of four graphene strips which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the single plane structure is easy to produce and prepare in a large scale.
(2) The metamaterial for realizing the high-transmissivity transparent window switching effect is graphene. The graphene has a stable lattice structure, extremely high conductivity, low transmission loss and excellent plasmon characteristics. The non-contact dynamic regulation and control of the transparent window can be realized by changing the mobility and the like of the transparent window. Meanwhile, the resonance frequency of the transparent window can be regulated and controlled by changing the geometric parameters of the structure.
(3) The invention is a periodic structure with excellent performance designed based on plasmon induction transparency theory. The number of the transparent windows can be dynamically regulated and controlled by changing the length of the graphene strip, and then the on-off effect is achieved. By adopting the structure of the invention, the refractive index change of the substrate is very sensitive and can be used for sensing equipment. In addition, the slow light effect of the structure is reduced along with the increase of the Fermi energy, and when the Fermi energy is 0.9 ev, the delay time can reach 10.22ps, so that the structure has great potential application in the aspect of slow light devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention provides a schematic overall structure diagram of a metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure of a metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure, wherein the metamaterial comprises: the lengths of four vertically placed parallel graphene strips are L respectively1、L2、L3And L4The width is W, and the distance between adjacent graphene strips is d;
FIG. 3: the metamaterial structure transmission light spectrogram based on the graphene strip structure and capable of realizing 3 plasmon induced transparent windows is as follows: the lengths of four vertically placed parallel graphene strips are L respectively1=6mm、L2=5mm、L3=4mm、L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips, fermi energy EF=1.0 eV；
FIG. 4: the metamaterial structure transmission light spectrogram based on the graphene strip structure and capable of realizing 2 plasmon induced transparent windows is as follows: the lengths of four vertically placed parallel graphene strips are L respectively1=6mm、L2=5mm、L3=4mm、L4=6mm, width W =2 mm, spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips, fermi energy EF=1.0 eV；
FIG. 5: the metamaterial structure transmission light spectrogram based on the graphene strip structure and capable of realizing 1 plasmon induced transparent window is as follows: the lengths of four vertically placed parallel graphene strips are L respectively1=L2=6mm、L3=L4=4mm, width W =2 mm, spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips, fermi energy EF=1.0 eV；
FIG. 6: the change trend graph of the transmission spectrum of the metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure along with the graphene Fermi energy is as follows: l is1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2mm, and the distance d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips;
FIG. 7: the change trend graph of the transmission spectrum of the metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure along with the substrate refractive index is as follows: l is1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips, fermi energy EF=1.0 eV；
FIG. 8: the phase and group delay of the metamaterial with the switching effect of the plasmon-induced transparent window can be changed along with the Fermi energy based on the graphene strip structure. L is1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, and spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and experimental examples.
In the present invention, the length of the four vertically parallel strips made of graphene and the period of the structural unit are not related to the performance of the material, and belong to the technologies known to those skilled in the art, so the number of transparent windows is controlled by changing the equivalent relationship of the lengths of the four vertically parallel strips of graphene in the following embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A metamaterial capable of realizing a plasmon-induced transparent window switching effect based on a graphene strip structure, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes a substrate and a graphene pattern layer. The substrate is silicon dioxide, and the thickness of the substrate is 4 mm; the material of the graphene pattern layer is graphene, and the thickness of the graphene pattern layer is 1 nm. The width of each of four vertically-arranged parallel graphene strips is W =2 mm, the distance between every two adjacent graphene strips is d =1mm, and the Fermi energy E isF=1.0 eV. Wherein, the periods of the structural unit along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are respectively 16mm and 9 mm. As shown in fig. 3, the lengths of the four vertically disposed parallel graphene strips are L respectively1=6mm、L2=5mm、L3=4mm、L4=3 mm. The conductivity of the graphene adopts a Drude model conductivity form
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein the relaxation time is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The Fermi speed is. When four graphene strips L are vertically and parallelly placed1、L2、L3And L4When combined together, three transparent windows appear at frequencies f =4.33THz, f =5.13THz and f =6.17THz, respectively, and their transmittances are 77.09%, 83.11% and 90.58%, respectively;
therefore, the occurrence of the three transparent windows requires that the lengths of the four vertically arranged parallel graphene strips are respectively unequal.
Example 2
The metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure is different from the metamaterial in embodiment 1 in that: as shown in fig. 4, the graphene strip L is changed4Length of (1) and order of L4=L1=6mm, two transparent windows appear at frequencies f =4.45THz, f =5.14THz, respectively, and their transmittances are 70.66%, 80.79%, respectively. Therefore, the appearance of the two transparent windows requires that any two of the four vertically arranged parallel graphene strips are equal in length, and the other two parallel graphene strips are not equal to the two equal graphene strips.
Example 3
The metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure is different from the metamaterial in embodiment 1 in that: as shown in fig. 5, the graphene strip L is changed2And L4Length of (1) and order of L2=L1=6mm、L4=L3With =4mm, only one transparent window appears, at which the transmission peak resonance frequency f =4.96THz, the transmittance is 89.35%.
Therefore, the appearance of one transparent window requires that any two parallel graphene strips vertically arranged have the same length.
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from fig. 3 to 5, the number of transparent windows can be dynamically controlled by changing the length of the graphene strip structure, thereby achieving the switching effect.
Test examples
1. Influence of Fermi energy variations on the transmission spectrum
From FIG. 6, L1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, and spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips; fermi energy with graphene EFThe transmission spectrum generates obvious blue shift, the coupling resonance at four peak valleys is strengthened, and the transmissivity of the transmission peak is slightly increased. The transparent window frequency region can also be tuned by changing the fermi level.
Influence of substrate refractive index on transmission spectrum
From FIG. 7, L1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips, fermi energy EF=1.0 eV; when the refractive index of the substrate is gradually increased, the transmission spectrum is significantly red-shifted and the transmission peaks are gradually decreased, while the coupling strength at the three peaks and valleys is almost unchanged, i.e., the transmittance at the peaks and valleys is almost unchanged. Therefore, the structure can be applied to a sensing apparatus.
Trend of group delay with fermi energy
FIG. 8 is a graph of the trend of transmitted phase and group delay with fermi energy, L1=6mm，L2=5mm，L3=4mm，L4=3mm, width W =2 mm, and spacing d =1mm between adjacent graphene strips. Group delay
Figure 434216DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
From FIG. 8, it can be seen that the group delay decreases with increasing Fermi energy, when Fermi energy EFWith =0.9 eV, the group delay can be as high as 10.22 ps. Therefore, the structure can be used for a slow light device.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a metamaterial based on graphite alkene strip structure can realize transparent window switch effect of plasmon induction which characterized in that: the graphene structure unit comprises a substrate and a graphene structure unit arranged on the substrate, wherein the graphene structure unit is periodically arranged on the substrate and is composed of four vertically parallel graphene strips, the widths of the four vertically parallel strips are equal, the intervals between the adjacent graphene strips are equal, and the lengths of the four vertically parallel graphene strips are in a relation of:
the lengths of the four vertically parallel graphene strips are not equal;
or any two of the four vertically parallel graphene strips are equal in length, and the lengths of the other two graphene strips which are equal to the length are not equal to each other;
or any two of the four vertically parallel graphene strips form a group, the lengths of the two graphene strips in the group are equal, and the lengths of the two graphene strips in the group are not equal.
2. The metamaterial capable of realizing the plasmon-induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is made of aluminum oxide or glass.
3. The application of the metamaterial capable of realizing plasmon-induced transparent window switching effect based on the graphene strip structure as claimed in claim 1 in optical switches, optical modulators and sensors.
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