CN110243724A - A kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device and method - Google Patents
A kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device and methods, belong to building 3D printing Material Field.The device includes: servo motor, electric cylinders, pressure sensor, piston, pedestal, barrel, nozzle and scale；The extrusion performance of material can be quantitatively characterized by control extruded velocity, extrusion bore, the feedback pressure that real-time measurement mortar generates, while characterizing the extrusion continuity of material by detecting mortar with continuously squeezing out quantitative-length.Detection method and device of the invention can accurately reflect morphotropism, mobility and the feedback pressure when material is squeezed, and the quantitatively characterizing for 3D printing material extrusion performance provides scientific and effective method, provide parameter and foundation for the design and optimization of material.
Description
Technical field
It is quantitative more particularly, to a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance the invention belongs to build 3D printing Material Field
Detection device and method.
Background technique
Building 3D printing technique is novel quick, the low dirt for combining 3D printing technique with building material technology and generating
Contaminate building technology, 3D printing method of construction is overturned to traditional construction construction method, to push building trade personalization,
Digitlization is of great significance with modernization.Instantly most popular 3D printing building technology has profile technique and two kinds of D-shape,
Present invention is generally directed to profile technique Method of printing, cardinal principle is that target member or building are carried out 3D using computer
Modeling and segmentation production three-dimensional information, then by prepared concrete base building material mixture by extrusion device, according to setting
The program set is printed by nozzle extrusion by Mechanical course, finally obtains target member or building.
It is that material requires experience conveying, discharging, accumulates, hard that the common ground built with tradition moulding by casting is built in 3D printing
Change four-stage.3D printing material in conveying, discharging and accumulation and, 3D printing different from traditional pouring forming technology performance requirement
Mortar requires to have preferable mobility during transportation, has preferable plasticity and continuity, quilt in extrusion process
There is in stacking process preferable self intensity to be deformed after extrusion with resisting deformation induced by gravity and external force.Therefore, 3D printing mortar
Performance study and quantitative detection cannot adopt slump, divergence, setting time, pumpable in conventional cement sill completely
Property etc. working parameters and index, need establish be suitable for 3D printing technique require plaster workability quantitative detecting method
With device.
In the working performance of 3D printing mortar, extrusion performance refer to mortar from nozzle be extruded during and squeeze out after
State, which directly affects the key parameters such as compactness, apparent mass, the mechanical property of 3D printing component, therefore squeezes out
The quantitatively characterizing of performance is the important means for reacting mortar state.Characterization mortar extrusion performance has following two approach:
(1) when extrusion pressure is constant, the extrusion performance of 3D printing mortar is with extruded velocity (the unit time discharging of slurry
Amount) it is Testing index；
(2) when extruded velocity is constant, the pressure that the extrusion performance of 3D printing mortar generates when being extruded with slurry is inspection
Index is surveyed, consistency of mortar is higher, and the feedback pressure in extrusion process is bigger.
In practical print procedure, usually by the feed speed of control motor, to obtain specific discharging speed, protect
The uniformity of discharging is held, the parameter index that can react 3D printing mortar extrusion performance at this time is the feedback pressure of mortar.It is same with this
When, relative to control pressure detecting discharging speed, the method that mortar extrusion process feedback pressure is detected by control discharging speed
Precision is higher, realizes that difficulty is lower.
In patent document " 3D printing building mortar work system safety testing device and application " (application number: 104297103 A of CN)
Report a kind of for detecting the device and method of 3D printing mortar working, which can detect that 3D printing mortar
Extruded velocity and operable time under certain pressure effect, but can not detect continuous in printed material extrusion process
Property, it can not also reflect the pressure changing in extrusion process.
In patent document " a kind of continuity test method for building 3D printing mortar " (application number: 108444867 A of CN)
A kind of method for detecting the continuous performance after 3D printing cement mortar squeezes out is reported, but this method can not equally reflect 3D
Print the pressure condition that slurry generates in mortar extrusion process.
Therefore, a kind of continuity that can either be detected in printed material extrusion process is needed, extrusion process is also able to reflect
In pressure changing device and method.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, it is fixed that the present invention provides a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performances
Amount detecting device and method, it is intended that being changed by the structure to 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device
Into cooperating corresponding measurement method, make up the deficiency of existing 3D printing plaster workability quantitative assessment, printing can either be detected
Continuity in material extrusion process, the pressure changing being also able to reflect in extrusion process, for building 3D printing material
Design and optimization provides parameter and foundation.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of D to print mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device, comprising:
Servo motor, electric cylinders, pressure sensor, piston, pedestal, barrel, nozzle and scale；
Electric cylinders are mounted on the base portion, and barrel is installed on pedestal lower part and is located at immediately below electric cylinders, the tailpiece of the piston rod of electric cylinders
Portion passes through pedestal；Piston is installed on the piston rod end of electric cylinders and is located at below pedestal；The output axis connection electric cylinders of servo motor
Input terminal, to drive the piston rod stretching motion of electric cylinders, to be moved axially in reciprocal fashion in barrel with piston；Nozzle peace
Loaded on barrel lower end；Pressure sensor is installed on piston, for detecting feedback pressure of the piston when squeezing out mortar；Scale is used
In the extrusion length of measurement mortar.
It further, further include piston support ring, piston support ring is fixed on base lower surface, the top of the barrel and piston branch
The docking of pushing out ring lower end, and barrel is equal with the internal diameter of piston support ring；Under original state, piston is located in piston support ring.
It further, further include piston guide ring, piston seal and top board；
Internal piston is hollow, is used for placement force sensor；Piston lateral surface top is equipped with guide groove, for installing piston
Guide ring, piston guide ring are used for guiding of the piston in barrel internal motion；Piston lateral surface lower part is equipped with seal groove, is used for
Piston seal is installed, piston seal is used for sealing of the piston in barrel internal motion；
Top board is used to for pressure sensor to be fixed the piston rod being equipped in the middle part of internal piston, top board for electric cylinders
The through-hole passed through.
It further, further include bottom plate and multiple support rods；Bottom plate is located at the distance to a declared goal below nozzle, by multiple
Support rod is fixedly connected with pedestal.
Further, scale is integrated on support rod.
Further, barrel and nozzle are detachably connected by funnel shaped spraying nozzle connector.
Further, the nozzle configuration of nozzle is round or square, has sizes specification.
Further, circular nozzle diameter is tri- kinds of specifications of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, and square nozzle side length is
Tri- kinds of specifications of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm.
To achieve the goals above, above-mentioned 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative detection is used the present invention also provides a kind of
The method that device carries out 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative detection, includes the following steps:
Step 1: material tube inner wall is first cleaned with water, keeps inner wall is wet to have moisture film；Nozzle is sealed, the 3D prepared is beaten
Print mortar is packed into barrel several times, consolidates after charging every time and the gas in 3D printing mortar is discharged；
Step 2: the piston assembled is put into the barrel for filling 3D printing mortar together with pressure sensor, and by barrel
It is vertically-mounted to be fixed below pedestal, the detection device being completed integrally is placed in predetermined altitude, squeezes out sand convenient for measurement
The continuity value of slurry；
Step 3: starting servo motor starts to squeeze out mortar, regulates and controls discharging speed by control servo motor feed speed,
In constant discharging speed, real-time monitoring simultaneously records feedback pressure when mortar stablizes discharging, takes arithmetic mean of instantaneous value conduct
3D printing mortar extrusion performance index parameter value；
Step 4: keeping motorized feed constant airspeed, mortar length when being broken is determined using tape measure, by the length
Value is used as 3D printing mortar continuity parameter parameter value；
Step 5: repeat the above steps pre-determined number, negates the average value of feed voltage force data and continuity value as 3D printing
The index of mortar extrusion performance.
Further, in step 4, with camera record mortar from the mistake for being expressed into fracture in mortar extrusion process
Journey is played back by image, and the scale for comparing scale measures the mortar length determined when being broken；
In step 5, it is valid data when the error of experimental data is less than 10%, three groups of valid data is at least taken to be counted
It calculates.
In general, the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, can obtain following beneficial to effect
Fruit:
(1) present invention simulation mortar 3D printing construction method is detected in mortar extrusion process by controlling extruded velocity
Feedback pressure can reflect the extrusion performance in mortar print procedure in real time and accurately.
(2) present invention can detect mortar simultaneously and squeeze out continuity, easy to operate, high using method and apparatus of the invention
Effect, detection real-time is good, and precision is high, applied widely, can be used for the detection and research of various 3D printing mortar extrusion performances.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device structural exploded view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the assembling figure of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the partial sectional view of Fig. 2, in which: the area I is cross-sectional view when piston is located at highest point；The area II is piston fortune
Virtual signal when moving to minimum point, therefore outer profile is represented by dashed line；
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing in the area Tu3Zhong I.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which:
1- servo motor, 2- electric cylinders, 3- pressure sensor, 4- piston guide ring, 5- piston, 6- piston seal, the bottom 7-
Seat, 8- piston support ring, 9- support rod, 10- barrel retaining ring, 11- barrel lock screw, 12- barrel, 13- spraying nozzle connector,
14- nozzle, 15- bottom plate, 16- stomata, 17- top board, 18- lower platen.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
As shown in figures 1-4, a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, packet
It includes: servo motor 1, electric cylinders 2, pressure sensor 3, piston 5, pedestal 7, barrel 12, nozzle 14 and scale (not shown).Electric cylinders
2 are installed on 7 top of pedestal, and barrel 12 is installed on 7 lower part of pedestal and is located at immediately below electric cylinders 2, and the piston rod end of electric cylinders 2 passes through
Pedestal 7；Piston 5 is installed on the piston rod end of electric cylinders 2 and is located at 7 lower section of pedestal；The output axis connection electric cylinders 2 of servo motor 1
Input terminal, to drive the piston rod stretching motion of electric cylinders 2, to be moved axially in reciprocal fashion in barrel 12 with piston 5；Spray
Mouth 14 is installed on barrel lower end；Pressure sensor 3 is installed on piston 5, for detecting feedback pressure of the piston 5 when squeezing out mortar
Power；Scale is used to measure the extrusion length of mortar.
Preferably, in order to promote the flexibility of the dismounting of barrel 12, while piston 5 and its accessory are protected, which further includes
Piston support ring 8, piston support ring 8 are fixed on 7 lower surface of pedestal, and 12 upper end of barrel is docked with 8 lower end of piston support ring, and expect
Cylinder 12 is equal with the internal diameter of piston support ring 8；Under original state, piston 5 is located in piston support ring 8.
Preferably, which further includes piston guide ring 4, piston seal 6 and top board 17；5 inner hollow of piston is used
In placement force sensor 3；5 lateral surface top of piston is equipped with guide groove, and for installing piston guide ring 4, piston guide ring 4 is used
Guiding when piston 5 is in 12 internal motion of barrel；5 lateral surface lower part of piston is equipped with seal groove, for installing piston seal
6, piston seal 6 is used for sealing of the piston 5 in 12 internal motion of barrel；Top board 17 is for compressing pressure sensor 3
It is fixed on inside piston 5, the through-hole passed through for the piston rod of electric cylinders 2 is equipped in the middle part of top board 17.Preferably, pressure sensor 3
It is connected through a screw thread with piston rod end.
Preferably, which further includes bottom plate 15 and multiple support rods 9；Bottom plate 15 be located at below nozzle it is specified away from
From, it is fixedly connected by multiple support rods 9 with pedestal 7, scale can be also directly integrated on support rod 9, simplified structure, simultaneously
It measures more stable, is particularly suitable for video capture mensuration.
Preferably, barrel 12 and detachably connected, the spray of nozzle 14 by funnel shaped spraying nozzle connector 13 of nozzle 14
Mouth-shaped is round or square, has sizes specification, in order to replace nozzle 14 at any time according to experiment content.
Preferably, circular nozzle diameter be tri- kinds of specifications of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, square nozzle side length be 10mm,
Tri- kinds of specifications of 15mm, 20mm.
Experimental method of the invention is described further by taking a kind of specific 3D printing mortar as an example below.
The 3D printing mortar mix ratio that the present embodiment is selected are as follows: 1 part of cementitious material-PO42.5 cement, aggregate-quartz sand
0.5-1mm1 parts, polycarboxylate water-reducer, polypropylene fibre 6mm, 100,000 viscosity of cellulose ether are respectively cementitious material quality
0.5%, 0.5%, 0.05%, water-cement ratio 0.32.
The step of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance detects is as follows:
(1) material tube inner wall is first cleaned with water, keeps wet and has moisture film.The extrusion for sealing barrel, the 3D that will be prepared
Printing mortar point 3 times or more is packed into barrel, is plugged and pounded several times after charging with tamper every time, and tap barrel so that mortar is discharged
In gas.
(2) successively piston seal, piston are put into the barrel for filling mortar by piston guide ring, and barrel is erected
It is directly mounted and fixed to below upper plate, single unit system is placed in appropriate height, the continuity value of mortar is squeezed out convenient for measurement.
(3) it unlocks, starts servo motor and start to squeeze out mortar, pass through control servo motor feed speed regulation discharging
Speed, in constant discharging speed, real-time monitoring simultaneously records feedback pressure when mortar stablizes discharging, takes arithmetic mean of instantaneous value
As 3D printing mortar extrusion performance index parameter value.
(4) constant motor feed speed is 2mm/s, with camera record mortar from being expressed into mortar extrusion process
The process of fracture, is played back by image, compare bracket on graduated scale determine fracture when mortar length, using the length value as
3D printing mortar continuity parameter parameter value.
(5) it repeats the above steps three times, takes the average value of three groups of feedback pressure data and continuity value as 3D printing sand
Starch the index of extrusion performance.It is valid data when the error between three groups of data is less than 10%, when error is greater than 10% Shi Yingzai
Test is doed for supplement, until there are three groups of data errors less than 10% as valid data.
[test case 1]
This example selects diameter for the round extrusion of 10mm.
The 3D printing mortar completed will be prepared to detect according to above-mentioned steps, the valid data of acquisition are as follows:
1 example of table, 1 mortar extrusion performance feedback pressure and continuity value
| Detection project | Extrusion process feedback pressure/N | Squeeze out continuity/mm |
| Valid data 1 | 156 | 18.8 |
| Valid data 2 | 148 | 19.5 |
| Valid data 3 | 153 | 19.3 |
| Average value | 152.3 | 19.2 |
[test case 2]
This example selects diameter for the round extrusion of 15mm.
The 3D printing mortar completed will be prepared to detect according to above-mentioned steps, it is as follows to obtain valid data:
2 example of table, 2 mortar extrusion performance feedback pressure and continuity value
| Detection project | Extrusion process feedback pressure/N | Squeeze out continuity/mm |
| Valid data 1 | 128 | 16.3 |
| Valid data 2 | 134 | 15.6 |
| Valid data 3 | 137 | 16.4 |
| Average value | 133 | 16.1 |
[test case 3]
This example selects diameter for the square extrusion of 10mm.
The 3D printing mortar completed will be prepared to detect according to above-mentioned steps, it is as follows to obtain valid data:
3 example of table, 3 mortar extrusion performance feedback pressure and continuity value
| Detection project | Extrusion process feedback pressure/N | Squeeze out continuity/mm |
| Valid data 1 | 163 | 17.7 |
| Valid data 2 | 158 | 17.5 |
| Valid data 3 | 159 | 18.3 |
| Average value | 160 | 17.8 |
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device characterized by comprising servo motor (1), electric cylinders (2),
Pressure sensor (3), piston (5), pedestal (7), barrel (12), nozzle (14) and scale；
Electric cylinders (2) are installed on pedestal (7) top, and barrel (12) is installed on pedestal (7) lower part and is located at immediately below electric cylinders (2), electricity
The piston rod end of cylinder (2) passes through pedestal (7)；Piston (5) is installed on the piston rod end of electric cylinders (2) and is located under pedestal (7)
Side；The input terminal of the output axis connection electric cylinders (2) of servo motor (1), to drive the piston rod stretching motion of electric cylinders (2), thus
Band piston (5) moves axially in reciprocal fashion in barrel (12)；Nozzle (14) is installed on barrel lower end；Pressure sensor (3) peace
Loaded on piston (5), for detecting feedback pressure of the piston (5) when squeezing out mortar；The extrusion that scale is used to measure mortar is long
Degree.
2. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also wrap
It includes piston support ring (8), piston support ring (8) is fixed on pedestal (7) lower surface, barrel (12) upper end and piston support ring (8)
Lower end docking, and barrel (12) is equal with the internal diameter of piston support ring (8)；Under original state, piston (5) is located at piston support ring
(8) in.
3. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that also
Including piston guide ring (4), piston seal (6) and top board (17)；
Piston (5) inner hollow is used for placement force sensor (3)；Piston (5) lateral surface top is equipped with guide groove, for pacifying
It fills piston guide ring (4), piston guide ring (4) is used for the guiding of piston (5) in barrel (12) internal motion；Piston (5) is outside
Side lower is equipped with seal groove, and for installing piston seal (6), piston seal (6) is for piston (5) in barrel (12)
Sealing when portion moves；
Top board (17), which is used to for pressure sensor (3) being fixed, is equipped with power supply in the middle part of piston (5) inside, top board (17)
The through-hole that the piston rod of cylinder (2) passes through.
4. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that also
Including bottom plate (15) and multiple support rods (9)；Bottom plate (15) is located at the distance to a declared goal below nozzle, passes through multiple support rods
(9) it is fixedly connected with pedestal (7).
5. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that scale collection
At on support rod (9).
6. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that material
Cylinder (12) is detachably connected by funnel shaped spraying nozzle connector (13) with nozzle (14).
7. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that nozzle
(14) nozzle configuration is round or square, has sizes specification.
8. a kind of 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that circular
Nozzle diameter is tri- kinds of specifications of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, and square nozzle side length is tri- kinds of specifications of 10mm, 15mm, 20mm.
9. carrying out 3D printing using 3D printing mortar extrusion performance quantitative testing device described in any one of claim 1-8
The method of mortar extrusion performance quantitative detection, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: barrel (12) inner wall is first cleaned with water, keeps inner wall is wet to have moisture film；Nozzle is sealed, the 3D prepared is beaten
Print mortar is packed into barrel (12) several times, consolidates after charging every time and the gas in 3D printing mortar is discharged；
Step 2: the piston assembled (5) is put into together with pressure sensor (3) in the barrel (12) for filling 3D printing mortar, and
It is fixed on barrel (12) is vertically-mounted below pedestal (7), the detection device being completed integrally is placed in predetermined altitude, just
The continuity value of mortar is squeezed out in measurement；
Step 3: starting servo motor (1) starts to squeeze out mortar, passes through control servo motor (1) feed speed regulation discharging speed
Degree, in constant discharging speed, real-time monitoring simultaneously records feedback pressure when mortar stablizes discharging, and arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is taken to make
For 3D printing mortar extrusion performance index parameter value；
Step 4: keeping motorized feed constant airspeed, determine mortar length when being broken using tape measure, which is made
For 3D printing mortar continuity parameter parameter value；
Step 5: repeat the above steps pre-determined number, negates the average value of feed voltage force data and continuity value as 3D printing mortar
The index of extrusion performance.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that,
In step 4, returned from the process for being expressed into fracture by image in mortar extrusion process with camera record mortar
It puts, the scale for comparing scale measures the mortar length determined when being broken；
In step 5, it is valid data when the error of experimental data is less than 10%, three groups of valid data is at least taken to be calculated.
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| CN111175184A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 同济大学 | Device and method for testing extrudability and new-mixing state mechanical property of 3D printed concrete |
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| CN112649279A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-13 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Performance test method for 3D printing cement-based composite material |
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| CN110954442A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-03 | 同济大学 | Online testing method for 3D printing dynamic characteristics of cement-based material |
| CN110954442B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-02-02 | 同济大学 | Online testing method for 3D printing dynamic characteristics of cement-based material |
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| CN112179312A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 华中科技大学 | Online detection system and method suitable for surface quality of building 3D printed piece |
| CN112649279A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-13 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Performance test method for 3D printing cement-based composite material |
| CN115139890A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆拉瑞永固混凝土有限公司 | Device for monitoring rheological property of mixture at discharge opening of concrete mortar transport tank car |
| CN117309879A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-29 | 安徽空间智筑技术有限公司 | Building 3D printing concrete work performance test system and use method |
| CN117309879B (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-02-27 | 安徽空间智筑技术有限公司 | Building 3D printing concrete work performance test system and use method |
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