CN110241615B - 无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料及节能、高效电加热器 - Google Patents

无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料及节能、高效电加热器 Download PDF

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CN110241615B
CN110241615B CN201910485134.XA CN201910485134A CN110241615B CN 110241615 B CN110241615 B CN 110241615B CN 201910485134 A CN201910485134 A CN 201910485134A CN 110241615 B CN110241615 B CN 110241615B
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张宁
黄溯
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Meiduoding Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料及节能、高效电加热器，属于抗氧化材料及电加热领域。所述涂层材料由氧化硅、电熔氧化镁、电熔刚玉、纯水等成分混合而成，由其形成的抗氧化涂层在固化后不会出现龟裂纹，高温下仍然能够保证内侧的碳纤维及电极与空气隔离。所述节能、高效电加热器包括碳纤维层、电极，以及以上述抗氧化涂层材料形成的抗氧化涂层，具有升温快，可干烧等特点，具有很好的推广应用价值。

Description

无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料及节能、高效电加 热器
技术领域
本发明涉及抗氧化材料及电加热领域，具体提供一种无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料及包含该涂层材料的节能、高效电加热器。
背景技术
现有技术下的碳纤维电热器通常是在石英管中放置一根碳纤维丝。连接电源的导线接入端、导线输出端与碳纤维丝连接形成回路，使碳纤维丝发热而产生热量。而石英管主要起到隔离、保护的作用。
现有技术难以将碳纤维丝设计在石英管外侧的原因，主要是因为碳纤维通电后短时间即可达到800℃的高温，此情况下，一般绝缘涂层有可能出现裂纹，存在安全隐患，因此，需要寻找一种与石英管、碳纤维具体相似膨胀系数、不易出现裂纹的涂层材料，以实现一种更加高效、节能的碳纤维电热器。
发明内容
本发明是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料，其特点是由以下重量份的成分混合而成：
Figure BDA0002085140240000011
各成分的优选重量份配比为：
Figure BDA0002085140240000021
作为优选，纯水的电阻率大于18.2MΩ.cm。
所述消泡剂用于抑制和消除涂料生产过程中产生的泡沫，优选为矿物油类消泡剂，如英国布莱克本CF-107等。
所述成膜助剂用辅助涂料低温成膜，优选为丙烯酸改性环氧乳液类成膜助剂，如日本三井868水性环氧乳液等。
所述润湿分散剂用于用于颜填料的润湿和分散，优选为阴离子润湿分散剂，如日本圣诺普科5040等。
本发明进一步的技术任务是提供一种包含上述涂层材料的节能、高效电加热器。
节能、高效电加热器，包括碳纤维层，其特点是在碳纤维层上设置有抗氧化涂层，所述抗氧化涂层由上述抗氧化涂层材料形成。
作为优选，所述碳纤维层设置在石英管外壁，由碳纤维编织而成，两个电极分别设置在石英管的两端，并与碳纤维层的两端紧密接触。
将上述抗氧化涂层材料涂覆在碳纤维层上，待涂层常温干燥后，加热到115-125℃，持续20-40分钟使涂层彻底固化，即可形成抗氧化涂层。
作为优选，所述电极由镍片缠绕而成。为了方便接线，两个电极均固定有外接电极。
作为优选，缠绕镍片时，最内层镍片与碳纤维层非固定紧密接触，最外层镍片与其内侧镍片之间焊接固定。采用该缠绕方法形成的电极，受热膨胀时能够向里端延伸，保持电极直径基本不变，更好地适应石英管和抗氧化涂层的热膨胀率。
镍片缠绕过程中，将外接电极下端与镍片相固定即可。例如焊接固定，或者在外接电极下端开孔，将镍片穿过开孔后再缠绕、固定。
所述镍片，其宽度优选为10-15mm，厚度优选为0.2-0.8mm，缠绕层数优选为2-5层，具体层数可根据设计的电流大小确定。
现有技术相比，本发明的节能、高效电加热器具有良好的节能高效的表现。碳纤维是一种通电后高效的电热材料，同石英管组合后同时产生远红外射线，在石英管内通水的情况下可以迅速加热，使水烧开或气化，比较传统电加热器，热效率可提高20％左右。
1、碳纤维是碳的网状结构，通电后热能转换率高，在没有可见光的理论上热转换率100％。
2、在石英管内管中对水加热，热力集中，远红外射线的作用击散大分子团之后，加速热交换。
3、石英材料对远红外射线有加强作用，在碳纤维石英管制成的电热体通电5秒就能产生高热量。例如，
Figure BDA0002085140240000031
的石英管为450mm，功率1000W，220V；通电2分钟石英管的温度可以达到800℃左右。
4、由于石英管的耐热温度有1300℃，并且本发明公开的抗氧化涂层与石英管、碳纤维具有基本一致膨胀系数，在高温下石英管、碳纤维及抗氧化涂层的热膨胀量都很小，且基本一致，抗氧化涂层在固化后不会出现龟裂纹，能保证内部与空气隔离，使碳纤维在高温中不氧化，因此，本发明加热器不仅可以实现正常发热，还可以实现干烧，不会因干烧而损坏。
5、特殊的电极结构，能够保证电极受热后直径基本不变，更好地适应石英管和抗氧化涂层的热膨胀率，避免抗氧化涂层出现裂纹。
6、加热过程中无异味产生，便于在任何场合中应用。
附图说明
附图1是本发明节能、高效电加热器的结构示意；
附图2是图1所示电加热器中电极缠绕结构示意图；
附图3是图1所示电加热器中外接电极结构示意图。
附图中的标记分别表示：
1、石英管，2、碳纤维层，3、抗氧化涂层，4、电极，4.1、镍片，5、外接电极，5.1、开孔，5.2、接线孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、左、右”通常是指参考附图所示的上、下、左、右；“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内、外。
【涂层材料制备实施例】
本实施例的无机型高绝缘性碳纤维抗氧化涂层材料由以下原料均匀混合而成：
Figure BDA0002085140240000041
【实施例八】
如附图1所示，本实施例的节能、高效电加热器由石英管1、碳纤维层2、抗氧化涂层3、电极4及外接电极5构成。
碳纤维层2紧密包覆于石英管1外壁。具有外接电极5的两个电极4分别固定在石英管1的两端，并与碳纤维层2的两端紧密接触。碳纤维层2和电极4的外侧设有抗氧化涂层4。
所述镍片的缠绕结构如附图2所示，镍片4.1最里端与碳纤维层2非固定紧密接触(可利用夹具等将镍片4.1最里端临时固定在石英管1的端口外壁处)，然后按顺时针方向绕第二层，利用镍片表面摩擦逐步加紧，使其固定，不出现转动和拉动(拉力大于50N时，允许微小拉动)。镍片4.1最外端的内侧与其内侧镍片之间焊接固定，形成固定圈。镍片4.1顺时针缠绕时，可穿过外接电极5一端的开孔5.1，进而在缠绕过程中将外接电极5与电极4相紧固。外接电极5的另一端开有接线孔5.2(如图3所示)。
外接电极5与内层镍片4.1的内侧固定连接。所述镍片，其宽度为12mm，厚度为0.5mm，缠绕层数为2层。
电极4受热时，在热力作用下，镍片4.1延展的长度部分会向里端延伸，一方面能够增加与碳纤维层2的接触面，另一方面，能够避免电极4外径增加引起的抗氧化涂层3破裂。
所述抗氧化涂层3以实施例一所得抗氧化涂层材料涂覆固化形成。将抗氧化涂层材料涂覆在碳纤维层2和电极4外侧，待涂层常温干燥后，加热到120℃，持续3分钟使涂层彻底固化即可。
【实验例】
将实施例一到七所得抗氧化涂层材料涂覆在实施例八所述碳纤维层上，待涂层常温干燥后，继续加热到120度持续30分钟使涂层彻底固化。
涂层固化后的电加热器进行10000次25-300℃变温实验后，对涂层进行性能测试，测试结果如下：
实施例 涂层成膜性 涂层外观 涂层可见气孔 高温抗热震性 碳纤维抗氧化性
一 良 光滑 无 优 良
二 差 粗糙 大量 差 差
三 良 光滑 微量 优 差
四 良 光滑 无 良 良
五 良 粗糙 无 优 良
六 优 光滑 无 优 优
七 良 光滑 无 良 良
可以看出，由本发明抗氧化涂层材料形成的抗氧化层在高温抗热震性、保持碳纤维抗氧化性能方面均有优良表现。
以上所述的实施例，只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式，本领域的技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种节能、高效电加热器，包括碳纤维层、电极、石英管，其特征在于：所述碳纤维层设置在石英管外壁，由碳纤维编织而成，两个电极分别设置在石英管的两端，并与碳纤维层的两端紧密接触，所述电极由镍片缠绕而成，缠绕镍片时，最内层镍片与碳纤维层非固定紧密接触，最外层镍片与其内侧镍片之间焊接固定，碳纤维层及电极外侧均设置有抗氧化涂层，抗氧化涂层材料涂覆在碳纤维层和电极外侧，待涂层常温干燥后，加热到115-125℃，持续20-40分钟使涂层彻底固化形成所述抗氧化涂层，
所述抗氧化涂层材料由以下重量份的成分混合而成：
氧化硅 10-15重量份；
电熔氧化镁 30-35重量份；
电熔刚玉 5-10重量份；
纯水 40-45重量份；
氧化钠 2-5重量份；
消泡剂 0.3-1重量份；
成膜助剂 0.3-1重量份；
润湿分散剂 0.3-1重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的节能、高效电加热器，其特征在于：纯水的电阻率大于18.2 MΩ.cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的节能、高效电加热器，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为矿物油类消泡剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的节能、高效电加热器，其特征在于：所述成膜助剂为丙烯酸改性环氧乳液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的节能、高效电加热器，其特征在于：所述润湿分散剂为阴离子润湿分散剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的节能、高效电加热器，其特征在于：两个电极均固定有外接电极。
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CN1036395A (zh) * 1988-04-07 1989-10-18 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 碳素制品抗氧化防护涂料
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