CN110241355B - Ferrochromium alloy prepared from chromite - Google Patents
Ferrochromium alloy prepared from chromite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110241355B CN110241355B CN201810188832.9A CN201810188832A CN110241355B CN 110241355 B CN110241355 B CN 110241355B CN 201810188832 A CN201810188832 A CN 201810188832A CN 110241355 B CN110241355 B CN 110241355B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a ferrochrome alloy prepared from chromite, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the ferrochrome alloy is prepared from the raw materials of No. 75 ferrosilicon, graphite powder, manganese and ferrochrome mineral powder, wherein the ferrochrome mineral powder is tiled on a heating flat plate in the preparation process of the ferrochrome alloy, the ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese are uniformly mixed to obtain a spraying agent, then the spraying agent is sprayed into the tiled ferrochrome mineral powder, the ferrochrome mineral powder sprayed with the spraying agent is subjected to microwave smelting, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome alloy, wherein the mass ratio of the No. 75 ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese is 6-9: 1-2: 5-7, and the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the pretreated ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 1-1: 2. The method adopted by the invention improves the conversion rate of chromium, can directly use the chromite powder without agglomeration, shortens the smelting process, and realizes energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of novel smelting, in particular to a ferrochrome alloy prepared from chromite.
Background
The chromite resource is poor in China, the import dependency degree is up to 95%, the powder ore ratio reaches 3/4 along with the incremental exploitation of the chromite resource, and the low-cost energy-saving process flow for producing the ferrochrome alloy by using the chromite powder has great practical significance.
At present, the method for smelting ferrochromium by using ferrochromium ore powder mainly comprises two types of direct smelting and pretreatment smelting. The direct smelting adopts two processes of ore-smelting furnace and plasma furnace, and the pretreatment smelting includes three processes of sintering, pelletizing and briquetting. The plasma technology can directly utilize fine powder raw materials and cheap carbonaceous reducing agents to produce high-carbon ferrochromium, which enters an industrial application stage, but has the defects of short service life of a plasma gun, high energy consumption and limited preparation of medium-low carbon ferrochromium. After the chromite powder is treated by sintering, pelletizing, briquetting and the like, the traditional submerged arc furnace, electric furnace or blast furnace can be directly used for smelting ferrochrome, but the agglomeration scale and equipment updating are limited, and the ferrochrome alloy is easy to generate recarburization with the furnace lining, so that the service life of the furnace lining is shortened.
In the prior art, the ferrochrome is prepared by mixing ferrochrome mineral powder with ferrosilicon and calcium oxide or mixing ferrochrome mineral powder with carbon, silica and the like as raw materials for smelting, but the conversion rate of chromium in the ferrochrome mineral powder is not high, the process flow is long, the energy consumption is high, and the preparation of medium-low carbon ferrochrome is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for directly preparing ferrochrome alloy from ferrochrome mineral powder, which accelerates the reduction reaction of the ferrochrome mineral powder by using microwave smelting and a mode of adding spraying agent for multiple times, thereby improving the conversion rate of ferrochrome elements. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, ferrochrome is prepared from chromite, raw materials adopted by the ferrochrome comprise 75# ferrosilicon, graphite powder, manganese and ferrochrome mineral powder, the ferrochrome mineral powder is tiled on a heating flat plate in the preparation process of the ferrochrome, the ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese are uniformly mixed to obtain a spraying agent, then the spraying agent is sprayed into the tiled ferrochrome mineral powder, the ferrochrome mineral powder sprayed with the spraying agent is subjected to microwave smelting, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome, wherein the mass ratio of the 75# ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese is 6-9: 1-2: 5-7, and the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the pretreated ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 1-1: 2.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the particle size of the spraying agent is 700 to 900 mesh.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the spraying agent can be added 2 to 4 times.
According to another aspect of the invention, the chromite powder is prepared by grinding and drying the chromite powder raw material.
According to another aspect of the invention, the drying temperature is 100-140 ℃ and the drying time is 1-1.5 h.
According to another aspect of the invention, the chromite powder has a particle size of 600 to 800 mesh.
According to another aspect of the invention, the smelting temperature is 1200-1500 ℃, and the smelting time is 25-35 min.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 50 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 45 percent of Cr, 1 to 5 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 55 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 40 percent of Cr, 1 to 4 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03-0.05% of C, 55-60% of Fe, 35-40% of Cr, 2-4% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of P and less than or equal to 0.02% of S.
According to the method for preparing the ferrochrome alloy from the chromite, the conversion rate of chromium in the chromite powder is effectively improved by combining multiple spraying of the spraying agent and microwave heating treatment, meanwhile, the manganese is added as an alloy element to be added into the ferrochrome alloy liquid, the strength, hardness, ductility and toughness of the alloy can be improved, the spraying agent is contacted with the chromite powder for multiple times by adopting upper and lower heating plates and controlling the thickness of the distribution of the chromite powder, so that a more favorable environment is established for reduction reaction, and the energy consumption is further reduced besides the improvement of the conversion rate of the ferrochrome element. The microwave smelting also has the advantages of shortening the process flow of preparing the ferrochrome alloy from the chromite, environmental protection and low operation cost.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
The invention provides a ferrochrome prepared from chromite, which is prepared from the raw materials of No. 75 ferrosilicon, graphite powder, manganese and ferrochrome mineral powder, wherein the ferrochrome mineral powder is tiled on a heating flat plate in the preparation process of the ferrochrome, the ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese are uniformly mixed to obtain a spraying agent, then the spraying agent is sprayed into the tiled ferrochrome mineral powder, the ferrochrome mineral powder sprayed with the spraying agent is subjected to microwave smelting, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome, wherein the mass ratio of the No. 75 ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese is 6-9: 1-2: 5-7, and the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the pretreated mineral powder is 1: 1-1: 2.
Preferably, the particle size of the spraying agent is 700-900 meshes.
Preferably, the spraying agent can be added for 2-4 times.
Preferably, the chromite powder is prepared by grinding and drying the raw material of the chromite powder.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 100-140 ℃, and the drying time is 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, the particle size of the chromite powder is 600-800 meshes.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 1200-1500 ℃, and the smelting time is 25-35 min.
Preferably, the ferrochrome alloy contains the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 50 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 45 percent of Cr, 1 to 5 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
Further preferably, the ferrochrome alloy contains the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 55 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 40 percent of Cr, 1 to 4 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
Still more preferably, the ferrochrome alloy contains the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03-0.05% of C, 55-60% of Fe, 35-40% of Cr, 2-4% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of P and less than or equal to 0.02% of S.
Hereinafter, description will be made regarding embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
Firstly, grinding the raw material of the chromite powder until the particle size reaches 600 meshes, drying the raw material to ensure that the water content is not more than 1 percent, and naturally and loosely spreading the dried chromite powder on a heating plate. Uniformly mixing 75# ferrosilicon alloy, graphite powder and manganese according to the mass ratio of 6:1:5, and grinding until the particle size reaches 700 meshes to prepare the spraying agent, wherein the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the raw material of the ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 2. And uniformly spraying the spraying agent on the flatly laid ferrochrome mineral powder for 2 times, wherein the power of a microwave generator is 8KW, the microwave smelting temperature is 1400 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, the smelting substances are mutually dissolved, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome.
Example 2
Firstly, grinding the raw material of the chromite powder until the particle size reaches 600 meshes, drying the raw material to ensure that the water content is not more than 1 percent, and naturally and loosely spreading the dried chromite powder on a heating plate. Uniformly mixing 75# ferrosilicon alloy, graphite powder and manganese according to the mass ratio of 9:2:7, and grinding until the particle size reaches 700 meshes to prepare the spraying agent, wherein the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the raw material of the ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 2. And uniformly spraying the spraying agent on the flatly laid ferrochrome mineral powder for 2 times, wherein the power of a microwave generator is 8KW, the microwave smelting temperature is 1400 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, the smelting substances are mutually dissolved, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome.
Example 3
Firstly, grinding the raw material of the chromite powder until the particle size reaches 600 meshes, drying the raw material to ensure that the water content is not more than 1 percent, and naturally and loosely spreading the dried chromite powder on a heating plate. Uniformly mixing 75# ferrosilicon alloy, graphite powder and manganese according to the mass ratio of 7:1.5:6, and grinding until the particle size reaches 700 meshes to prepare the spraying agent, wherein the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the raw material of the ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 2. And uniformly spraying the spraying agent on the flatly laid ferrochrome mineral powder for 2 times, wherein the power of a microwave generator is 8KW, the microwave smelting temperature is 1400 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, the smelting substances are mutually dissolved, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome.
Comparative example 1
Taking chromite as a raw material, grinding the chromite to 75% in a size of-200 meshes, adding 8% of silica in weight of the chromite, adding 1.2 times of carbon according to stoichiometric requirement, adding bentonite in an amount of 8% of the mass of the chromite powder, adding a fluxing agent in an amount of 7% of the mass of the chromite powder, uniformly mixing the materials, pelletizing, drying the obtained mixed wet pellets, distributing the dried pellets into a rotary hearth furnace, setting the highest temperature in the furnace to be 1380 ℃, reducing the pellets in the furnace for 30min, discharging the pellets out of the rotary hearth furnace by using a spiral discharging machine, stacking the pellets, leaching by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 6%, obtaining leaching residues, and then sending the leached residues into a smelting furnace for slag iron separation to obtain the ferrochrome.
Comparative example 2
Firstly, grinding the raw material of the chromite powder until the particle size reaches 600 meshes, drying the raw material to ensure that the water content is not more than 1 percent, and naturally and loosely spreading the dried chromite powder on a heating plate. Uniformly mixing 75# ferrosilicon alloy and calcium oxide according to the mass ratio of 10:9, and grinding until the particle size reaches 700 meshes to prepare the spraying agent, wherein the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the raw material of the ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 2. And uniformly spraying the spraying agent on the flatly laid ferrochrome mineral powder for 2 times, wherein the power of a microwave generator is 8KW, the microwave smelting temperature is 1400 ℃, the smelting time is 25min, the smelting substances are mutually dissolved, and slag is removed after the smelting is finished to obtain the ferrochrome.
The results of comparing inventive examples with comparative example 1 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison results of inventive examples 1-3 with comparative example 1
In the process of microwave smelting of the ferrochrome mineral powder, the reduction process of the ferrochrome mineral powder is accelerated by adding the spraying agent for many times, the conversion rate of chromium is improved by 10-20% compared with the traditional mode, and meanwhile, the spraying agent has a synergistic effect, so that the lattice regularity of the ferrochrome alloy is improved, and the physical properties of the ferrochrome alloy are improved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A ferrochrome prepared from chromite is characterized in that: the ferrochrome alloy is prepared from raw materials of 75# ferrosilicon, graphite powder, manganese and ferrochrome mineral powder, wherein the ferrochrome mineral powder is tiled on a heating flat plate in the preparation process of the ferrochrome alloy, the ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese are uniformly mixed to obtain a spraying agent, then the spraying agent is sprayed into the tiled ferrochrome mineral powder, the ferrochrome mineral powder sprayed with the spraying agent is subjected to microwave smelting, slag is removed after the smelting is finished, and the ferrochrome alloy is obtained, wherein the 75# ferrosilicon, the graphite powder and the manganese are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-9: 1-2: 5-7, the mass ratio of the spraying agent to the pretreated ferrochrome mineral powder is 1: 1-1: 2, the particle size of the spraying agent is 700-900 meshes, and the spraying agent is added in 2-4 times;
the ferrochromium mineral powder is prepared by grinding and drying ferrochromium mineral powder raw materials, wherein the particle size of the ferrochromium mineral powder is 600-800 meshes.
2. The ferrochrome alloy according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 100-140 ℃ and the drying time is 1-1.5 h.
3. The ferrochrome alloy according to claim 1, wherein the smelting temperature is 1200-1500 ℃, and the smelting time is 25-35 min.
4. The ferrochrome alloy according to claim 1, wherein the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 50 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 45 percent of Cr, 1 to 5 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
5. The ferrochrome alloy according to claim 4, wherein the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.05 percent of C, 55 to 65 percent of Fe, 30 to 40 percent of Cr, 1 to 4 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S.
6. The ferrochrome alloy according to claim 5, wherein the ferrochrome alloy comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by mass: 0.03-0.05% of C, 55-60% of Fe, 35-40% of Cr, 2-4% of Mn, 0.5-1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of P and less than or equal to 0.02% of S.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810188832.9A CN110241355B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | Ferrochromium alloy prepared from chromite |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810188832.9A CN110241355B (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-03-08 | Ferrochromium alloy prepared from chromite |
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| CN110241355A CN110241355A (en) | 2019-09-17 |
| CN110241355B true CN110241355B (en) | 2020-09-08 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH08104953A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-04-23 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel having antibacterial property |
| CN1827786A (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2006-09-06 | 太原理工大学 | Metal ferrochromium preparing method by computer-controlled double microwave ovens |
| CA2299936C (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2008-08-19 | Kubota Corporation | Bent pipe for passing therethrough a material containing solids |
| CN105506271A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-20 | 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 | Chromium ore composite pellet used for reduction in argon-oxygen refining furnace, production method and application thereof |
| CN105779679A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Direct reduction iron-making device and method based on blast furnace slag waste heat utilization |
| CN107460309A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-12-12 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method that microwave heating chromite powder prepares ferrochrome |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5411820B2 (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Flux-cored welding wire and overlay welding arc welding method using the same |
| CN106756138B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-23 | 陕西友力实业有限公司 | A kind of method of microwave heating production ferrochrome |
| CN108385014A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-10 | 盐城市鑫洋电热材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ferrochrome |
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- 2018-03-08 CN CN201810188832.9A patent/CN110241355B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08104953A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-04-23 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel having antibacterial property |
| CA2299936C (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2008-08-19 | Kubota Corporation | Bent pipe for passing therethrough a material containing solids |
| CN1827786A (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2006-09-06 | 太原理工大学 | Metal ferrochromium preparing method by computer-controlled double microwave ovens |
| CN105506271A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-20 | 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 | Chromium ore composite pellet used for reduction in argon-oxygen refining furnace, production method and application thereof |
| CN105779679A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Direct reduction iron-making device and method based on blast furnace slag waste heat utilization |
| CN107460309A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-12-12 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method that microwave heating chromite powder prepares ferrochrome |
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