CN110233268A - A kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of high exposed crystal face and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of high exposed crystal face and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN110233268A
CN110233268A CN201910455092.5A CN201910455092A CN110233268A CN 110233268 A CN110233268 A CN 110233268A CN 201910455092 A CN201910455092 A CN 201910455092A CN 110233268 A CN110233268 A CN 110233268A
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solution
preparation
cobalt acid
nano wire
acid magnesium
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CN110233268B (en
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孙晖
蒋卓良
周红军
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9016Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and its preparation method and application of high exposed crystal face.The cobalt acid magnesium nano wire the preparation method comprises the following steps: cobalt salt, magnesium salts and urea mixed dissolution Yu Shuizhong are obtained solution A;Solution B is obtained by ammonium salt is soluble in water;Solution A is ultrasonically treated, then heating stirring, and solution B is added dropwise into solution A, dropwise addition process keeps heating and continues to stir;Then hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, calcining obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire in air after reaction end is dry.The cobalt acid magnesium nano wire that preparation method of the invention prepares has 111 crystal faces of high exposure, the nano-material shows higher specific capacity and stable circulation performance relative to common cobalt acid magnesium nano-particle material, as application of the anode catalyst in lithium-air battery, have broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of high exposed crystal face and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium battery catalyst technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of high exposed crystal face and Preparation method and application.
Background technique
With increasingly appearing for environmental problem and fossil energy shortage problem, the research and development of all kinds of new energy energy storage devices by The extensive concern of scientific research personnel, nowadays electric vehicle industry development is rapid, and most commonly used is lithium ion battery, but with people Requirement to electric vehicle mileage travelled is higher and higher, and the capacity of conventional lithium ion battery seems more and more not enough, next-generation high The research and development and application of performance battery are more and more eager.Lithium-air battery comes into being under the premise of such.With lithium ion battery Embedded Ion transfer it is different, the charge and discharge process of lithium-air battery is between the oxygen based on lithium ion and in environment Hydrogen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction, without the limitation of positive and negative anodes capacity, lithium-air battery can provide is more nearly lithium metal reason By the battery capacity (3500Wh/kg decuples the capacity of lithium ion battery) of capacity, while having the characteristics that environmental protection again, has both The characteristics of fuel-engined vehicle and commercialization lithium battery motor-car.It restricts in the commercialized outstanding problem of lithium-air battery at present, anode The design of catalyst is an emphasis.The discharge and recharge reaction of lithium-air battery all occurs on anode, therefore the work of anode catalyst It is generated and is decomposed with the discharging product that will have a direct impact on air electrode surface and subsequent cyclical stability, research are lithium skies The emphasis that gas battery performance improves.
Cobaltosic oxide is common lithium air battery positive electrode catalyst, good, good cycle, stabilization with catalytic performance The good feature of property.But with the continuous promotion of cobalt valence in recent years, reducing cobalt content is also problem in need of consideration.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problems of in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cobalt acid magnesium of high exposed crystal face Nano wire and preparation method thereof;The object of the invention is also to provide the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire as anode catalyst in lithium air Application in battery can show outstanding lithium-oxygen battery performance using cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by method of the invention.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technological means:
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of cobalt acid magnesium (MgCo2O4) nano wire preparation method comprising following steps:
Cobalt salt, magnesium salts and urea mixed dissolution Yu Shuizhong are obtained into solution A;
Solution B is obtained by ammonium salt is soluble in water;
Solution A is ultrasonically treated, then heating stirring, and solution B is added dropwise into solution A, process is added dropwise and protects It holds and heats and continue to stir;
Then hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, calcining obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire in air after reaction end is dry.
It is by cobalt salt, magnesium salts and urea while to be dissolved in deionized water, and pass through at ultrasound in preparation method of the invention Reason keeps three kinds of raw materials fully dispersed, and solution A is then sufficiently stirred to obtain again;Ammonium salt is added dropwise in a heated condition simultaneously, goes forward side by side Row hydro-thermal process.In the present invention, cobalt ions, magnesium ion and urea are completely dispersed by ultrasonic procedure, then during heating, Urea gradually starts to accelerate hydrolysis, and the ammonium ion in aqueous solution starts to increase, and pH value of solution becomes larger;At the same time, slowly past Ammonium salt is added dropwise in solution, on the one hand, the increase of ammonium salt concentration can control the speed of hydrolysis of urea;On the other hand, addition ammonium salt can The pH of solution is controlled, so that the pH of mother liquor is gradually increased with more slow speed, under alkaline condition, part cobalt and magnesium Ion forms precipitating (small crystal seed), in water-heat process later, reacts lasting and carries out, it is (brilliant to ultimately form a large amount of precipitatings Kind growth, crystal become larger).Such process for gradually increasing ammonium ion makes the growth of crystal slower, and crystal is along some Direction starts to grow, and is finally effectively formed 111 crystal faces of high exposure.High exposure can have been prepared using method of the invention 111 crystal face cobalt acid magnesium nano wires.111 crystal faces of height exposure can be improved the catalytic activity of spinel, lithium-air battery Charge and discharge process is namely based on two catalytic process of ORR and OER, so with higher active " 111 crystal faces of height exposure " Catalyst can more preferably improve battery performance, which shows outstanding relative to common cobalt acid magnesium nano-particle material Lithium-oxygen battery performance.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the cobalt salt may include cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous bromide and cobaltous sulfate Deng one of or a variety of combinations.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the magnesium salts may include magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide and magnesium sulfate Deng one of or a variety of combinations.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the ammonium salt may include ammonium hydroxide, ammonium oxalate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, phosphorus One of sour ammonium, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate etc. or a variety of combinations.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that concentration of the ammonium salt in solution B is 0.1-10mol/L, additive amount The pH value for guaranteeing solution A and B mixed solution is 9-12.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that in solution A, the molar ratio of the cobalt salt and the magnesium salts is 2:1.This In invention, in general, concentration of the cobalt salt in solution A is 0.01-0.1mol/L.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that in solution A, the mole of the urea is the cobalt salt and the magnesium 1-20 times of salt integral molar quantity.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-2h;The time of heating stirring is 3- 6h, the temperature of heating stirring are 60 DEG C -80 DEG C.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that be added dropwise addition manner of the solution B into solution A include it is artificial be added dropwise, Peristaltic pump addition or syringe auxiliary are added dropwise;Rate of addition is 1 second/drop.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the reaction temperature for carrying out hydro-thermal reaction is 110 DEG C -150 DEG C;Reaction time For 6-12h.
In above-mentioned preparation method, it is preferable that the temperature calcined in air is 300 DEG C -500 DEG C;Calcination time For 2.5-4h.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wires, are prepared using above-mentioned preparation method.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides above-mentioned cobalt acid magnesium nano wires as anode catalyst answering in lithium-air battery With.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The cobalt acid magnesium nano wire that preparation method of the invention prepares has 111 crystal faces of high exposure, this nanometer of wire rod Material shows higher specific capacity and stable circulation performance relative to common cobalt acid magnesium nano-particle material, urges as anode Application of the agent in lithium-air battery, has broad application prospects.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM reality of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 Test comparison diagram;
Fig. 2 is the transmission electricity of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 The comparison diagram of mirror and high power transmission electron microscope;
Fig. 3 is the BET reality of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 Test comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 is the XPS reality of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 Test comparison diagram;
Fig. 5 is that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 carry out depth Charge-discharge test experimental comparison figure;
Fig. 6 is that the magnesium silicate granule that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared with comparative example 1 is recycled Charge-discharge test experimental comparison figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic of the invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, now to skill of the invention Art scheme carries out described further below, but should not be understood as that limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
This implementation provides a kind of preparation method of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire, specifically includes the following steps:
By the cobalt nitrate of 2mmol, the magnesium nitrate of 1mmol, 10mmol urea mixed dissolution in the deionized water of 50ml, match At solution A;
By the chloride leach of 6mmol in the deionized water of 10ml, wiring solution-forming B;
Solution A is ultrasonically treated 1 hour, the then heating stirring at 60 DEG C.Solution B is added dropwise using syringe auxiliary Into solution A, process, which is added dropwise, to be needed 3 hours, and the process that is added dropwise keeps heating and lasting stirring, and half an hour is persistently stirred after dropwise addition;
Mixed solution is transferred to water heating kettle later, 120 DEG C hydro-thermal reaction 8 hours, 100 after the material clean prepared DEG C drying, air atmosphere is calcined 2 hours at 350 DEG C, obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire.
Embodiment 2
This implementation provides a kind of preparation method of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire, specifically includes the following steps:
By the cobalt chloride of 2mmol, the magnesium chloride of 1mmol, 8mmol urea mixed dissolution in the deionized water of 50ml, match At solution A;
The ammonium sulfate of 4mmol is dissolved in the deionized water of 10ml, wiring solution-forming B;
Solution A is ultrasonically treated 2 hours, the then heating stirring at 70 DEG C.Solution B is added dropwise using syringe auxiliary Into solution A, process, which is added dropwise, to be needed 3 hours, and the process that is added dropwise keeps heating and lasting stirring, is persistently stirred after dropwise addition 1 hour;
Mixed solution is transferred to water heating kettle later, 140 DEG C hydro-thermal reaction 10 hours, after the material clean prepared 100 DEG C of dryings, air atmosphere is calcined 3 hours at 400 DEG C, obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire.
Embodiment 3
This implementation provides a kind of preparation method of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire, specifically includes the following steps:
By the cobalt nitrate of 4mmol, the magnesium chloride of 2mmol, 15mmol urea mixed dissolution in the deionized water of 80ml, match At solution A;
The ammonium sulfate of 4mmol is dissolved in the deionized water of 10ml, wiring solution-forming B;
Solution A is ultrasonically treated 2 hours, the then heating stirring at 80 DEG C.Solution B is added dropwise using syringe auxiliary Into solution A, process, which is added dropwise, to be needed 2.5 hours, and the process that is added dropwise keeps heating and lasting stirring, is persistently stirred after dropwise addition 1 hour;
Mixed solution is transferred to water heating kettle later, 160 DEG C hydro-thermal reaction 9 hours, 100 after the material clean prepared DEG C drying, air atmosphere is calcined 2 hours at 450 DEG C, obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of preparation method of cobalt acid magnesium granules comprising following steps:
The magnesium nitrate of the cobalt nitrate of 2mmol, 1mmol are dissolved in the deionized water of 50ml, magnetic agitation, 5 drops are added Ammonia spirit, then reuse injection auxiliary be added dropwise to 10ml concentration be 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to guarantee pH value of solution Value is 9-12, is stirred 20 hours at 65 DEG C;Then it filters, 100 DEG C of dryings, and is calcined 2 hours in 350 DEG C and obtain the cobalt acid magnesium Particle.
Magnesium silicate granule SEM lab diagram prepared by cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and comparative example 1 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is as schemed Shown in 1, it will be seen from figure 1 that the cobalt acid magnesium granules of comparative example 1, having a size of 2 μm~10 μm (a and b in Fig. 1), the present invention is real The length of the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of example 1 is applied at 10 μm~50 μm, diameter is 0.5 μm~3 μm (c and d in Fig. 1).It is possible thereby to Find out, Co Mg O is uniformly distributed in this material, and the present invention has effectively prepared nano wire.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and magnesium silicate prepared by comparative example 1 The transmission electron microscope (TEM) of grain and the comparison diagram of high power transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), wherein a, b, c and d in Fig. 2 are comparative example 1 Experimental data figure;E, f and g in Fig. 2 are the experimental data figure of embodiment 1.As seen from Figure 2, the cobalt acid magnesium of comparative example 1 Grain exposure crystal face is more mixed and disorderly, can find 111 crystal faces and 311 crystal faces, and cobalt acid magnesium granules selective electron diffraction is annular in shape, has more A crystal face;And the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of the embodiment of the present invention 1 exposes entire 111 crystal face, selective electron diffraction presents single Brilliant property illustrates that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by the present invention is different from general cobalt acid magnesium material, the method for the present invention synthesis Cobalt acid magnesium, which has, embodies the property of monocrystalline, has 111 crystal faces of high exposure.It is high sudden and violent for the material of spinel structure 111 crystal faces of dew help to improve the catalytic activity of catalyst;Due to the charge and discharge process of lithium-air battery be based on OER and The process of ORR two catalysis reactions, the catalyst with more high catalytic activity facilitate the charge and discharge process of battery, can make electricity Pond obtains better performance.
As shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by embodiment 1 and magnesium silicate granule prepared by comparative example 1 BET experimental data comparison diagram.As seen from Figure 3: comparative example cobalt acid magnesium granules have bigger reference area.The application preparation Cobalt acid magnesium nano wire specific surface area it is lower but catalytic performance is higher, so even if low still provide of specific surface area is preferably urged Change activity.
As shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and comparative example 1 of embodiment 1 ((a), (b), (c) in Fig. 4) preparation The XPS experimental data comparison diagram of the magnesium silicate granule of ((d), (e), (f) in Fig. 4) preparation.As seen from Figure 4: embodiment 1 The magnesium silicate granule of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and comparative example 1 preparation of preparation all has divalent and trivalent Co simultaneously2+, all there is magnesium, Meanwhile more (the O of Lacking oxygen of the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of the embodiment of the present invention 12Peak area is bigger), Lacking oxygen can promote catalysis The catalytic activity of agent, since the charge and discharge process of lithium-air battery is two electricity based on oxygen reduction and precipitation (ORR, OER) Chemical catalysis reaction, so the catalyst with more high catalytic performance is conducive to the progress of battery charge and discharge process;Secondly, in lithium In the system of air cell, the presence of Lacking oxygen can promote to react between lithium ion and oxygen molecule, to promote battery Charge and discharge process.
Application examples 1
Two kinds of materials of magnesium silicate granule prepared by the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and comparative example 1 prepare to embodiment 1 carry out deep Charge-discharge test is spent, limitation discharge cut-off voltage is 2.0V, and charge cutoff voltage is 4.5V, and experimental result is as shown in Figure 5.Fig. 5 For the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of the embodiment of the present invention 1 ((a) in Fig. 5) preparation and the silicic acid of comparative example 1 ((b) in Fig. 5) preparation Magnesium granules carry out depth charge-discharge test experimental comparison figure.
As seen from Figure 5: being 100mAg in current density-1When, cobalt acid magnesium nano wire capacity has 22500mAhg-1;It is 500mAg in current density-1When, capacity has 21000mAhg-1;It is 1000mAg in current density-1When, capacity has 17200mAh·g-1;It is 100mAg in current density-1When, cobalt acid magnesium granules capacity has 12800mAhg-1;In current density For 500mAg-1When, capacity has 11500mAhg-1;It is 1000mAg in current density-1When, capacity has 10500mAhg-1.Comparison is as can be seen that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of the present invention specific capacity with higher.
Application examples 2
Two kinds of materials of the magnesium silicate granule that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire prepared by embodiment 1 is prepared with comparative example 1 are followed Ring charge-discharge test, experimental result are as shown in Figure 6.Fig. 6 is cobalt acid magnesium nano wire and comparative example 1 prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 The magnesium silicate granule of preparation carries out cyclic charging and discharging test experimental comparison figure.
As seen from Figure 6: when capacity limit is in 500mAhg-1With 100mAg-1(figure when current density is tested In 6 a), cobalt acid magnesium nano wire can follow 412 circles, and magnesium silicate granule can recycle 62 circles.When capacity limit exists 1000mAh·g-1With 1000mAg-1When current density is tested (b in Fig. 6), cobalt acid magnesium nano wire can recycle 276 Circle, magnesium silicate granule can recycle 73 circles.Comparison is as can be seen that cobalt acid magnesium nano wire of the present invention stable circulation with higher Property.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire comprising following steps:
Cobalt salt, magnesium salts and urea mixed dissolution Yu Shuizhong are obtained into solution A;
Solution B is obtained by ammonium salt is soluble in water;
Solution A is ultrasonically treated, then heating stirring, and solution B is added dropwise into solution A, the process that is added dropwise keeps adding Heat simultaneously continues to stir;
Then hydro-thermal reaction is carried out, calcining obtains the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire in air after reaction end is dry.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cobalt salt includes cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous bromide With one of cobaltous sulfate or a variety of combinations.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnesium salts includes magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide With one of magnesium sulfate or a variety of combinations.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ammonium salt include ammonium hydroxide, ammonium oxalate, ammonium chloride, One of ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or a variety of combinations;
Preferably, the concentration in solution B of the ammonium salt is 0.1-10mol/L, and additive amount guarantees A and B mixed solution PH value is 9-12.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in solution A, the cobalt salt and the magnesium salts rub You are than being 2:1;
Preferably, in solution A, the mole of the urea is 1-20 times of the cobalt salt and the magnesium salts integral molar quantity.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.5-2h;Heating The time of stirring is 3-6h, and the temperature of heating stirring is 60 DEG C -80 DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: addition manner of the solution B into solution A is added dropwise Including being manually added dropwise, peristaltic pump adds or syringe auxiliary is added dropwise;Rate of addition is 1 second/drop.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: carry out hydro-thermal reaction reaction temperature be 110 DEG C- 150℃;Reaction time is 6-12h;
Preferably, the temperature calcined in air is 300 DEG C -500 DEG C;Calcination time is 2.5-4h.
9. a kind of cobalt acid magnesium nano wire is prepared using any one of the claim 1-8 preparation method.
10. application of the cobalt acid magnesium nano wire as anode catalyst in lithium-air battery described in claim 9.
CN201910455092.5A 2019-05-29 2019-05-29 Magnesium cobaltate nanowire with high exposed crystal face and preparation method and application thereof Active CN110233268B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN114073953A (en) * 2020-08-19 2022-02-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Catalyst for preparing butadiene through oxidative dehydrogenation of butylene and preparation method and application thereof
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CN113845149A (en) * 2021-07-26 2021-12-28 江汉大学 Nano magnesium cobaltate and preparation method and application thereof
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