CN110231217A - A kind of conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation - Google Patents
A kind of conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses the conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection methods of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation, and longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer are glued respectively to the two sides of Tank torsion shaft torsional fatigue test specimen to excite excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave and receive signal wave using couplant.The time that mixing wave appearance is found out by theoretical calculation realizes that signal differentiates plus the time window demarcated to wave signal is mixed, and exclusion Tank torsion shaft test specimen does not exist together because of shaft diameter when parallel-segment and non-parallel section are excessive and reflects the interference of signal caused by curved surface.The mixing wave signal after adding window is handled using all phase reversal process, phasing back processing has been carried out to all phase signal of mixing wave, has further been extracted mixing wave signal.Finally using Spectral Analysis Method, to phasing back, treated that experimental result is handled, and a kind of nonlinear energy parameter in mixing frequencies range energy distribution is extracted from the frequency domain figure of Spectral Analysis Method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field of non destructive testing, and in particular to one kind is based on conllinear mixing nonlinear ultrasonic inspection
Survey the detection system of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation.
Background technique
When the material for constituting structure, when mechanical performance changes, structural behaviour will necessarily be changed.Changes in material properties
Be a time-varying process, can be generally divided into three phases: the performance degradation of early stage (including physics, chemical aging and moves back
Change), the starting of damage and accumulation (pore-forming and cracking) and fracture failure.For most of materials, Early-age behavior is degenerated
Stage occupies the most of the time in its service life.Research shows that: the metal material under Cyclic Load, from material internal dislocation
The a large amount of of group generate the formation for arriving persistent slip bands, then to the nucleation of micro-crack in persistent slip bands, grow up, until macroscopic cracking
Formation, this will account for the 80%-90% of material entire fatigue life.Therefore, research and development material early mechanics characteristics are degenerated
Evaluation just seems particularly significant with detection.
Realize that the lossless detection method of metal material performance evaluation mainly has ray detection, Magnetic testing and ultrasound detection,
Wherein supersonic detection method has the advantages that pollution-free, radiationless, high-efficient, great application prospect.Ultrasonic detecting technology divides again
For conventional linear ultrasonic detecting technology and non-linear ultrasonic detection technique two major classes.Non-linear ultrasonic detection technique and conventional linear
Ultrasonic detecting technology is remote high compared to having the advantages that detection sensitivity, more quick to the microstructure or microdefect of material internal
Sense, is effective supplement of conventional linear ultrasonic detecting technology.
In recent ten years, non-linear ultrasonic detection technique is as can detecte what material or structure early mechanics characteristics were degenerated
Effective means receives more and more attention, especially in Metal Material Fatigue, the evaluation and bonding of creep equivalent damage state
The isostructural context of detection of structure achieves impressive progress.But at present still for the prediction work of military products equipment fatigue life
Do not carry out.
Domestic scholars have done a large amount of research for the detection of Tank torsion shaft fatigue damage, wherein theoretical research and emulation point
Analyse it is more, and test detection it is relatively fewer.Zhou Guofeng application elastic finite element method simulates the various shapes in Tank torsion shaft surface
The stress concentration phenomenon that generates of pit of shape, size, is calculated using analysis of fatigue software and is lacked with different shape and size
The fatigue life of sunken torsion shaft.Li Yongdong is using Theory of Fracture Mechanics and finite element method to certain type main battle tank torsion
Axis carries out fatigue fracture calculating and analysis, and crack tip stress intensity factor and crackle are solved on the basis of Finite element arithmetic
Form factor, and the fatigue life of certain Tank torsion shaft is calculated in conjunction with Paris formula.Tao Yang uses virtual prototype skill
Art, using in ADAMS software ATV endless-track vehicle tool box, solid modeling software (SolidWorks) and finite element analysis it is soft
Part (Patran and Nastran) carries out the fatigue strength of the tank suspension system torsion shaft of flexibility under dynamic loading operating condition
Analysis, has found the weak link of torsion shaft.The thought based on System in Small Sample Situation such as Wang Suyun has been inquired into Tank torsion shaft surface and has been lacked
The influence to its fatigue life is fallen into, helping further to find reduces what torsion shaft surface crater influenced torsion shaft fatigue life
Method.It wears credit and Rational Simplification has been made to the stress of Torsion Bar Suspension System of Tank, using Finite Element, for the first time to three-dimensional
Entity problem has carried out the intensive analysis of stress, strain, displacement field, and based on this, for the common destruction mould of torsion shaft
Formula, further progress fracture analysis, calculates stress intensity factor, so that the failure analysis and maintenance process for the system mention
For reference.Xu Guoying has carried out experiment measurement to the rigidity of high speed tracked vehicle different location torsion shaft, obtains that the constitution heart is claimed to get over
Small stiffness variation is smaller, and stiffness variation is directly related with torsion shaft fatigue fracture.Li Yadong uses random response surface method
The low-cycle fatigue life expression formula of torsion shaft is fitted, the explicit function of torsion shaft fatigue life is established, and is obtained low
The probability distribution of all fatigue lives.Hao Jinfeng combines the STOCHASTIC FINITE ELEMENT of vehicle torsion shaft according to Fatigue Fracture Mechanics theory
Model proposes the method for solving machine components reliability.Zhu Youli is by carrying out metallographic to the port of torsion shaft fatigue fracture
Analysis, has studied torsion shaft fatigue fracture failure mechanism.
The conllinear frequency mixing method of ultrasonic wave is a kind of lossless detection method risen in the recent period, because its detection metal material early stage is tired
The superiority for wound of straining and have received the extensive concern of non-destructive testing industry.Old specific item et al. has been obtained mixed by theory deduction
The analytic solutions of necessary and sufficient condition and ultrasound non-linear parameter that frequency wave beam resonates, and carried out by simulation analysis and experimental study
Verifying.Liu Minghe et al. measures the ultrasound non-linear parameter of 6061 aluminium alloys using conllinear wave beam frequency mixing method, it was demonstrated that
Ultrasonic wave frequency mixing method is used for the feasibility of Fatigue Damage of Metal detection.Coaxial wave beam in the same direction is respectively adopted in Tang Guanxin et al.
Frequency mixing method and coaxial incorgruous wave beam frequency mixing method scan the nonlinear parameter of bar samples, to obtain the plasticity of sample
Strain Distribution.Jiao Jingpin et al. has detected the micro-crack in metal material using conllinear wave beam frequency mixing method.Zhao Youxuan et al. is logical
The method for crossing finite element modelling and experiment measurement, has studied imperfect resonance condition lower frequency in coaxial wave beam frequency mixing method in the same direction
The influence of deviation and quasi- coaxial state.Tang Bo et al. has carried out the emulation and experiment that ultrasonic Lamb wave is collinearly mixed, and obtains
The condition that Lamb wave mixing phenomenon occurs is phase velocity matched and non-zero energy circulation.
Compared to the method for quadratic harmonics and non-colinear wave beam frequency mixing method, turned round using the conllinear frequency mixing method measurement tank of ultrasonic wave
The mechanical property degradation of power axis has following advantage: (1) collinearly using two ultrasonic probes, phase in mixing detection method detection process
Than in non-linear frequency mixing detection method, experimental provision is succinct, and non-colinear wave beam frequency mixing method needs three ultrasonic probes, detection
Process is limited by tank axis shape, cannot achieve the detection and assessment of Tank torsion shaft；(2) method of quadratic harmonics measurement is non-
Linear dimensions is related to Acoustic Wave Propagation distance, is that material adds up nonlinear measurement；And conllinear frequency mixing method extraction is non-linear
Parameter is only related to the region of incident acoustic wave signal interaction, can be by controlling incident acoustic wave time on earth in detection process
Realize the detection and localization of torsion shaft fatigue damage；(3) it establishes under different fatigue stage, fatigue period number and nonlinear energy parameter
Between relationship, and then realize that the detection of the material mechanical performance of tank axis different fatigue stage may be implemented in conllinear frequency mixing method
With evaluation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of structures it is simple, practical and convenient utilize conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic wave carry out Tank torsion shaft power
Learn the nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method of performance degradation；Longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer are distinguished using couplant
The two sides of Tank torsion shaft torsional fatigue test specimen are bonded in excite excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave and receive signal wave.Pass through
Theoretical calculation finds out the time that mixing wave occurs, and adds the time window W (t) demarcated to mixing wave signal and realizes that signal differentiates,
Tank torsion shaft test specimen is excluded when parallel-segment and non-parallel section are excessive because shaft diameter does not exist together and reflects signal caused by curved surface
Interference.The mixing wave signal after adding window is handled using all phase reversal process, takes 30 ° for acquisition interval, to mixing wave
All phase signal (0 ° -180 °) carried out phasing back processing, be further extracted mixing wave signal.Finally using frequency spectrum point
Treated that experimental result is handled to phasing back for analysis method, and a kind of be mixed is extracted from the frequency domain figure after spectrum analysis
The nonlinear energy parameter beta being distributed in frequency range '.
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method that Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation is carried out using conllinear mixing wave of the invention,
The following steps are included:
Step 1: the determination of signal excitation frequency: measuring the velocity of longitudinal wave C of test specimen using non-linear high-energy ultrasonic systemL
With shear wave velocity CT.According to excitation longitudinal wave and motivate shear wave that the necessary and sufficient condition ω being collinearly mixed occursL/ωT=2CL/(CL-CT) really
Surely the stimulating frequency for motivating longitudinal wave is f1MHz, motivating the stimulating frequency of shear wave is f2MHz。
Step 2: the excitation of pumping signal: the first output channel signal frequency of non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system is set as
f1MHz, the second output channel signal frequency are set as f2MHz, while by f1In MHz signal loading to longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer,
f2In MHz signal loading to transversal wave ultrasonic transducer, respectively as the excitation of longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer
Signal, pumping signal form are sinusoidal impulse string；Longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer pass through couplant and quilt
Test block zero-clearance is vertical coupled；
Step 3: receiving energy converter receives signal: transversal wave ultrasonic transducer is connect with duplexer, so that transversal wave ultrasonic transducing
Device is used as transmitting transducer simultaneously and receives energy converter work；It is received by transversal wave ultrasonic transducer in step 2 torsional fatigue test specimen
The signal of middle generation, and carried out being transferred to computer after storage is shown by digital signal oscillograph, the frequency of mixing wave signal is answered
For fmixMHz(fmix=f1-f2)；
Step 4: the calculating of window function nominal time: before realizing conllinear mixing schemes measurement experiment, coping with tank torsion
Axis test specimen carries out dimensional measurement, realizes the timi requirement of window function.To be zero starting point, test specimen entirety on the left of Tank torsion shaft test specimen
Having a size of L, be located at the position M1 from non-parallel section to the fillet surface of parallel-segment on the left of test specimen, test specimen right side is from parallel-segment to non-flat
The fillet surface of row section is located at the position M2.It is C by the shear wave velocity in the test specimen that is measured in step 1T, acquire window function W (t)
Time be [t1,t2]。
Step 5: measuring non-linear parameters when test specimen different mechanical properties are degenerated: will using torsional fatigue experimental system
After test specimen is loaded into specific torsional load times of fatigue, test specimen is removed from fatigue machine, it is then non-thread using being collinearly mixed
Property ultrasonic testing system excitation and receive signal wave；First signal is received with window function W (t) extraction system set in step 4
In mixed frequency signal, then the signal in time window is further extracted using all phase inverting method.In excitation shear wave
Distinguish when being N ° and (N+180) ° (N=0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 °, 180 °) with the initial phase of excitation longitudinal wave
Primary conllinear mixing experiment is carried out, mixing wave signal S ' will be obtained after the signal averaging measured twicen(n=1,2 ...,
7).By the mixing wave signal S ' after seven phasing backnIt is weighted and averaged and acquires final mixing wave signal S'.Using frequency spectrum
Treated that experimental result S' is handled to all phase reversion for analytic approach, carries out fast Fourier change to the time-domain diagram of mixing wave
It changes (FFT) and obtains the frequency domain figure of mixing wave, one kind is extracted from the normalization frequency domain figure of mixing wave within the scope of mixing frequencies
The nonlinear energy parameter beta of distribution '.After completing above-mentioned test, then by test specimen to be greater than last torsional load times of fatigue
It is reversed, and same non-linear ultrasonic test is carried out to the test specimen removed from fatigue machine again, obtain test specimen at this
Nonlinear energy parameter beta after torsional load '；It repeats the above steps, until torsional load times of fatigue exceeds pre-value.
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method that Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation is carried out using conllinear mixing wave of the invention,
In step 2: the ultrasonic signal that non-linear the first output channel of high-energy ultrasonic system generates is M period, frequency f1MHz
Sinusoidal impulse string ultrasonic signal, the second output channel generate ultrasonic signal be N number of period, frequency f2The positive taut pulse of MHz
The signal of punching string ultrasonic signal, the first output channel and the second output channel, which passes through 50 ohm terminations, to carry out impedance matching, declines
After subtracting device and low-pass filter, excitation is bonded in the longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducing of torsional fatigue test specimen two sides
Device, excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave generate mixing wave signal in test specimen internal action.
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method that Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation is carried out using conllinear mixing wave of the invention,
In step 5: first passing through theoretical calculation and find out the time that mixing wave occurs, add the time window demarcated to mixing wave signal
Realization signal differentiates that exclusion Tank torsion shaft when parallel-segment is excessive with non-parallel section Bu Tong believe because of shaft diameter by caused reflection
Number interference.If input signal includes that frequency is f1The longitudinal wave and f of MHz2The shear component of MHz, the signal that system receives
Are as follows:
Y (t)=S1+S2+S3+Sn
Wherein S1Indicate the mixing wave signal for needing to extract；S2It indicates to generate on the left of Tank torsion shaft since shaft diameter changes
Sound reflecting signal caused by curved surface；S3It indicates to believe on the right side of Tank torsion shaft since shaft diameter changes sound reflecting caused by generating curved surface
Number；SnIt is system noise signal.The window function W (t) for designing suitable extraction time extracts echo signal, and formula is as follows:
Y1(t)=Y (t) × W (t)=S1
Wherein,
Obtaining echo signal S1Afterwards, mixed frequency signal is further extracted using phasing back method.Motivate shear wave in metal
Wave equation in material are as follows:
V (a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t)
A is the amplitude of ultrasonic wave in formula, and k is wave number, and a is the propagation distance of ultrasonic wave, and ω is the frequency of ultrasonic wave.Two
The initial phase of driving pulse is respectively N ° and respectively carries out primary conllinear mixing experiment at N+180 °, tested twice in motivate
The wave equation of shear wave are as follows:
v1(a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t+N)=Asin (ka- ω t+N)
v2(a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t+N+ π)=- Asin (ka- ω t+N)
The fundamental voltage amplitude that excitation shear wave is can be found that after the results added tested twice will be offset each other.
It motivates longitudinal wave and motivates the wave equation of the mixing wave of shear wave resonance generation are as follows:
U (y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)]
A is the amplitude for being mixed wave, ω in formulaRIt is the frequency for being mixed wave, y is the propagation distance for being mixed wave, CTTransverse wave speed.
It is respectively N ° in the initial phase of two driving pulses and respectively carries out primary conllinear mixing experiment at N+180 °, is tested twice
Motivate the wave equation of shear wave are as follows:
u1(y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]
u2(y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N+ π]=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]
The amplitude that mixing wave is can be found that after the results added tested twice is become original twice, the experiment that will add up
It as a result is final experimental result after average.The phasing back processing method can exclude nominal time window underexcitation shear wave base
The interference of frequency signal.
Compared with prior art the invention has the benefit that
1) it compared with the non-destructive testing for carrying out material mechanical performance degeneration using the method for quadratic harmonics, is collinearly mixed non-linear super
Sound detection method can the effectively nonlinear interference of removal system.Due to conllinear mixing schemes extract mixed frequency signal frequency be
The harmonic frequency generated of uniting is different, so that it is non-linear to inhibit system to generate, relative to second harmonic mode, has better
Anti-interference ability.And present invention employs the signal extraction mode of window function, further effectively remove because Tank torsion shaft is straight
Sound reflecting interference signal caused by diameter changes, while use phasing back method realizes effective extraction of mixed frequency signal；
2) nonlinear parameter that the method for quadratic harmonics measures is the average nonlinear in region between transmitting probe and receiving transducer
Parameter is unable to the mechanical property degradation of Precise Representation test specimen；The delay essence that conllinear wave beam frequency mixing method passes through control driving pulse
The really nonlinear characteristic parameters of measurement each position of test specimen, to obtain the mechanical property degradation situation of test specimen；
3) collinearly mixing non-linear ultrasonic detection method to the small nonlinear change of material more than linear acoustic method
It is sensitive.It is proposed one kind in mixing frequencies range Ω (Ω=[0.5f0, 1.5f0], f0For be mixed wave centre frequency) in be distributed
Nonlinear energy parameter beta ' the mechanical property degradation of tank axis is characterized, the formula of β ' is as follows:
Wherein AiIt is the normalized signal amplitude for being mixed wave in spectrogram and extracting i-th point in bandwidth Ω.It avoids non-linear
The complicated analysis of Acoustic Wave Equation, simplifies the extracting method of ultrasound non-linear acoustical characteristic parameters.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the detection system using conllinear mixing non-linear ultrasonic detection method detection Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation
System schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the implementation using conllinear mixing non-linear ultrasonic detection method detection Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation
Flow chart.
Fig. 3 is to be placed on schematic diagram on Tank torsion shaft after longitudinal wave probe and coupled dose of shear wave probe coupling.
Fig. 4 be excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave occurs inside test specimen resonance generate mixing involve be mixed propagation path show
It is intended to.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that signal processing is carried out to mixing wave.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart handled using all phase reversal process time window intercept signal.
Fig. 7 is after carrying out windowing process and phasing back average treatment to the mixing wave signal received, using frequency spectrum point
Analysis method handles experimental result, and one kind is extracted from the frequency domain figure of mixing wave signal and is distributed within the scope of mixing frequencies
Nonlinear energy parameter beta '.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate that specific implementation process, one kind are turned round based on conllinear mixing wave non-linear ultrasonic detection tank below in conjunction with Fig. 1
The detection system of power axis mechanical property degradation, the detection system include: non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system 1, longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer
2, transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3, duplexer 4, digital signal oscillograph 5, torsional fatigue test specimen 6, computer 7 and data transmission
Line.The signal output end of the non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system 1 by data line respectively with longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer 2 and
Duplexer 4 connects, and duplexer 4 is connected with transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3 by data line, longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer 2 and shear wave
Ultrasonic transducer 3 is vertical coupled by couplant and tested 6 gapless of torsional fatigue test specimen, non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system 1
Signal input part is connected by data line and duplexer 4, because duplexer 4 is connect with transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3, transversal wave ultrasonic
Energy converter 3 as transmitting transducer and receives energy converter work simultaneously.Digital signal oscillograph 5 real-time reception and can store cross
The signal output end of the collected signal of wave ultrasonic transducer 4, digital signal oscillograph 5 passes through data line and computer 7
Signal input part connection.
Below with reference to Fig. 1-6 and embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2, carrying out tank torsion using conllinear mixing wave
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method of power axis mechanical property degradation, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the determination of signal excitation frequency: measuring the velocity of longitudinal wave C of test specimen using non-linear high-energy ultrasonic systemL
With shear wave velocity CT.According to conllinear excitation longitudinal wave and the necessary and sufficient condition ω for motivating shear wave to be mixedL/ωT=2CL/(CL-CT) really
Surely the stimulating frequency for motivating longitudinal wave is f1MHz, motivating the stimulating frequency of shear wave is f2MHz。
Step 2: the excitation of pumping signal: the first output channel signal frequency of non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system is set as
f1MHz, the second output channel signal frequency are set as f2MHz, while by f1In MHz signal loading to longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer 2,
f2In MHz signal loading to transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3, respectively as the excitation of longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer
Signal, pumping signal form are sinusoidal impulse string；Longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer 2 and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3 by couplant with
Test specimen zero-clearance is vertical coupled；
Step 3: receiving energy converter receives signal: shear wave transducer 3 is connect with duplexer 4, so that transversal wave ultrasonic transducer
3 simultaneously as transmitting transducer and reception energy converter work.It is received by transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3 and is tested in step 2 torsional fatigue
The signal generated in test specimen, and carried out being transferred to computer after storage is shown by digital signal oscillograph, it is mixed the frequency of wave signal
Rate should be fmixMHz(fmix=f1-f2)；
Step 4: the calculating of window function nominal time: before realizing conllinear mixing schemes measurement experiment, coping with tank torsion
Axis test specimen carries out dimensional measurement, realizes the timi requirement of window function.To be zero starting point, test specimen entirety on the left of Tank torsion shaft test specimen
Having a size of L, be located at the position M1 from non-parallel section to the fillet surface of parallel-segment on the left of test specimen, test specimen right side is from parallel-segment to non-flat
The fillet surface of row section is located at the position M2.It is C by the shear wave velocity in the test specimen that is measured in step 1T, acquire window function W (t)
Time be [t1,t2].Wherein:
t1=2M1/CT+tτ
t2=2M2/CT+tτ
T in formulaτThe delay for indicating the setting of non-linear ultrasonic detection system extracts target letter with the window function W (t) set
Number.
Step 5: nonlinear factor measurement when test specimen different mechanical properties are degenerated: utilizing fatigue experiment system by test specimen
After being loaded into specific torsional load times of fatigue, test specimen is removed from fatigue machine, is then excited using experimental system
With reception signal wave signal；The mixed frequency signal in signal first is received with window function W (t) extraction system set in step 4,
Then the signal in time window is further extracted using all phase inverting method.In excitation shear wave and motivate the first of longitudinal wave
It is carried out respectively when beginning phase is N ° and (N+180) ° (N=0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 °, 180 °) primary conllinear mixed
Frequency is tested, and mixing wave signal S ' will be obtained after the signal averaging measured twicen(n=1,2 ..., 7).Seven phases are anti-
Mixing wave signal S' after turningnIt is weighted and averaged and acquires final mixing wave signal S'.Using Spectral Analysis Method to all phase
Treated that experimental result S' is handled for reversion, carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) to the time-domain diagram of mixing wave and is mixed
The frequency domain figure of frequency wave extracts a kind of non-thread performance being distributed within the scope of mixing frequencies from the normalization frequency domain figure of mixing wave
Measure parameterWherein AiIt is the normalized signal amplitude for being mixed wave in spectrogram and extracting i-th point in bandwidth Ω.
After completing test, then by test specimen to be reversed greater than last torsional load times of fatigue, and again
Same non-linear ultrasonic test is carried out to the test specimen removed from fatigue machine, obtains test specimen in this torsional load
Nonlinear energy parameter beta afterwards '；It repeats the above steps, until torsional load times of fatigue exceeds pre-value.
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method that Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation is carried out using conllinear mixing wave of the invention,
In step 2: it is M period, frequency f that non-linear ultrasonic, which tests the ultrasonic signal that host first passage generates,1MHz is just
String train of pulse ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal that second channel generates is N number of period, frequency f2The sinusoidal impulse string ultrasound of MHz
The signal of signal, first passage and second channel passes through 50 ohm terminations and carries out impedance matching, attenuator and low-pass filter
Afterwards, excitation is bonded in the longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer 2 and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer 3 of torsional fatigue test specimen two sides, motivates longitudinal wave and swashs
It encourages shear wave and generates mixing wave signal in test specimen internal action.Longitudinal wave energy converter 2 and the coupling of shear wave transducer 3 are placed on tank
Schematic diagram in torsion shaft is as shown in figure 3, longitudinal wave energy converter is coupled with medical ultrasonic coupling agent, shear wave transducer honey or specially
The coupling of shear wave couplant.Excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave generation resonance generate mixing and involve the biography for being mixed wave inside test specimen
It is as shown in Figure 4 to broadcast path schematic diagram.
The nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation method that Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation is carried out using conllinear mixing wave of the invention,
In step 5: the flow chart handled the acoustical signal that system receives is as shown in figure 5, first with the window function W set
(t) extraction system receive signal in mixed frequency signal, then using all phase inverting method to the signal in time window carry out into
Onestep extraction, finally using Spectral Analysis Method, to phasing back, treated that experimental result is handled.To the time domain of mixing wave
Figure carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) and obtains the frequency domain figure of mixing wave, extracts from the frequency domain figure of mixing wave a kind of mixed
The nonlinear energy parameter beta being distributed in frequency frequency range '.Time window intercept signal is handled using all phase reversal process
Flow chart is as shown in Figure 6.The nonlinear energy parameter beta being distributed within the scope of mixing frequencies extracted ' as shown in Figure 7.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that those skilled in the art are come
It says, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, as long as no beyond this patent
Spirit Essence, within the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (4)
1. the conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
Step 1: the determination of signal excitation frequency: measuring the velocity of longitudinal wave C of test specimen using non-linear high-energy ultrasonic systemLAnd shear wave
Speed CT；According to excitation longitudinal wave and motivate shear wave that the necessary and sufficient condition ω being collinearly mixed occursL/ωT=2CL/(CL-CT) determine excitation
The stimulating frequency of longitudinal wave is f1MHz, and motivating the stimulating frequency of shear wave is f2MHz；
Step 2: the excitation of pumping signal: the first output channel signal frequency of non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system is set as f1MHz, the
Two output channel signal frequencies are set as f2MHz, while by f1In MHz signal loading to longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer, f2MHz signal adds
It is downloaded on transversal wave ultrasonic transducer, respectively as the pumping signal of longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer, excitation letter
Number form is sinusoidal impulse string；Longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer are hung down by couplant and test specimen zero-clearance
Straight coupling；
Step 3: receiving energy converter receives signal: transversal wave ultrasonic transducer is connect with duplexer, so that transversal wave ultrasonic transducer is same
Shi Zuowei transmitting transducer and reception energy converter work；It is received by transversal wave ultrasonic transducer and is produced in step 2 torsional fatigue test specimen
Raw signal, and carried out being transferred to computer after storage is shown by digital signal oscillograph, the frequency of mixing wave signal should be
fmixMHz(fmix=f1-f2)；
Step 4: the calculating of window function nominal time: before realizing conllinear mixing schemes measurement experiment, reply Tank torsion shaft examination
Part carries out dimensional measurement, realizes the timi requirement of window function；To be zero starting point, test specimen overall dimensions on the left of Tank torsion shaft test specimen
For L, test specimen left side is located at M from non-parallel section to the fillet surface of parallel-segment1Position, test specimen right side is from parallel-segment to non-parallel section
Fillet surface be located at M2Position；It is C by the shear wave velocity in the test specimen that is measured in step 1T, acquire the time of window function W (t)
For [t1,t2]；
Step 5: measuring non-linear parameters when test specimen different mechanical properties are degenerated: utilizing torsional fatigue experimental system by test specimen
After being loaded into specific torsional load times of fatigue, test specimen is removed from fatigue machine, it is then non-linear super using being collinearly mixed
The excitation of sound detection system and reception signal wave；First received in signal with window function W (t) extraction system set in step 4
Then mixed frequency signal further extracts the signal in time window using all phase inverting method；In excitation shear wave and swash
It encourages when the initial phase of longitudinal wave is N ° and (N+180) ° (N=0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 °, 180 °) and carries out respectively
Primary conllinear mixing experiment will obtain mixing wave signal S' after the signal averaging measured twicen, n=1,2 ..., 7；It will
Mixing wave signal S' after seven phasing backnIt is weighted and averaged and acquires final mixing wave signal S'；Using spectrum analysis
Treated that experimental result S' is handled to all phase reversion for method, carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the time-domain diagram of mixing wave and obtains
To the frequency domain figure of mixing wave, extracted from the normalization frequency domain figure of mixing wave a kind of in mixing frequencies range energy distribution
Nonlinear energy parameter beta '.After completing above-mentioned test, then by test specimen to be turned round greater than last torsional load times of fatigue
Turn, and same non-linear ultrasonic test is carried out to the test specimen removed from fatigue machine again, obtains test specimen and carried in this torsion
Nonlinear energy parameter beta after lotus '；One to five is repeated the above steps, until torsional load times of fatigue exceeds pre-value.
2. the conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation according to claim 1, feature
Be: in step 2, the ultrasonic signal that non-linear the first output channel of high-energy ultrasonic system generates is M period, frequency is
f1The sinusoidal impulse string ultrasonic signal of MHz, the ultrasonic signal that the second output channel generates is N number of period, frequency f2MHz is just
The signal of string train of pulse ultrasonic signal, the first output channel and the second output channel passes through 50 ohm terminations and carries out impedance
Match, after attenuator and low-pass filter, excitation is bonded in the longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer and transversal wave ultrasonic of torsional fatigue test specimen two sides
Energy converter, excitation longitudinal wave and excitation shear wave generate mixing wave signal in test specimen internal action.
3. the conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation according to claim 1, feature
Be: in step 5, first pass through theoretical calculation find out mixing wave occur time, to mixing wave signal add demarcated when
Between window realize that signal differentiates, exclude Tank torsion shaft parallel-segment with non-parallel section excessively when because caused by shaft diameter is different it is anti-
Penetrate the interference of signal；If input signal includes that frequency is f1The longitudinal wave and f of MHz2The shear component of MHz, the letter that system receives
Number are as follows:
Y (t)=S1+S2+S3+Sn
Wherein S1Indicate the mixing wave signal for needing to extract；S2It indicates to generate curved surface since shaft diameter changes on the left of Tank torsion shaft
Caused by sound reflecting signal；S3It indicates on the right side of Tank torsion shaft since shaft diameter changes sound reflecting signal caused by generating curved surface；Sn
It is system noise signal；The window function W (t) for designing suitable extraction time extracts echo signal, and formula is as follows:
Y1(t)=Y (t) × W (t)=S1
Wherein,
Obtaining echo signal S1Afterwards, mixed frequency signal is further extracted using phasing back method；Motivate shear wave in metal material
Wave equation are as follows:
V (a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t)
A is the amplitude of ultrasonic wave in formula, and k is wave number, and a is the propagation distance of ultrasonic wave, and ω is the frequency of ultrasonic wave；In two excitations
The initial phase of pulse is respectively N ° and respectively carries out primary conllinear mixing experiment at N+180 °, tested twice in motivate shear wave
Wave equation are as follows:
v1(a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t+N)=Asin (ka- ω t+N)
v2(a, t)=Asin (ka- ω t+N+ π)=- Asin (ka- ω t+N)
The fundamental voltage amplitude that excitation shear wave is can be found that after the results added tested twice will be offset each other；
It motivates longitudinal wave and motivates the wave equation of the mixing wave of shear wave resonance generation are as follows:
U (y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)]
A is the amplitude for being mixed wave, ω in formulaRIt is the frequency for being mixed wave, y is the propagation distance for being mixed wave, CTTransverse wave speed；Two
The initial phase of driving pulse is respectively N ° and respectively carries out primary conllinear mixing experiment at N+180 °, tested twice in motivate
The wave equation of shear wave are as follows:
u1(y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]
u2(y, t)=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N+ π]=Acos [ωR(t+y/cT)+N]
The amplitude that mixing wave is can be found that after the results added tested twice is become original twice, the experimental result that will add up
It is final experimental result after average；The phasing back processing method can exclude nominal time window underexcitation shear wave fundamental frequency letter
Number interference.
4. the conllinear frequency mixing ultrasonic detection method of Tank torsion shaft mechanical property degradation according to claim 1, feature
Be: the detection system for realizing this method includes: that non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system (1), longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer (2), shear wave are super
Sonic transducer (3), duplexer (4), digital signal oscillograph (5), torsional fatigue test specimen (6), computer (7) and data transmission
Line；The signal output end of the non-linear high-energy ultrasonic system (1) by data line respectively with longitudinal wave ultrasonic transducer
(2) it is connected with transversal wave ultrasonic transducer (3) by data line with duplexer (4) connection, duplexer (4), longitudinal wave ultrasound is changed
Energy device (2) and transversal wave ultrasonic transducer (3) are vertical coupled by couplant and tested torsional fatigue test specimen (6) gapless, non-thread
Property high-energy ultrasonic system (1) signal input part connected by data line and duplexer (4), because of duplexer (4) and shear wave
Ultrasonic transducer (3) connection, transversal wave ultrasonic transducer (3) as transmitting transducer and receive energy converter work simultaneously；Number letter
Number oscillograph 5 real-time reception and can store transversal wave ultrasonic transducer (4) collected signal, digital signal oscillograph (5)
Signal output end is connect by data line with the signal input part of computer (7).
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