CN110229501A - A kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of nanocomposite materials, specifically, it is related to a kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite and preparation method thereof, the nanocomposite is as premix through made from melt blending, the premix is formed by being combined with full be adhered between nylon elastomer particle of the nano material of liquid medium.The preparation method includes that liquid medium and nano material are mixed to get paste, and the paste is adhered to nylon elastomer particle surface progress melt blending and obtains nanocomposite.Nanocomposite provided by the invention has excellent toughness, and process flow is short, at low cost, is suitble to promote the use of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of nanocomposite materials, specifically, be related to a kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite and
Preparation method.
Background technique
It is squeezed out in existing technology frequently with nano material and mixed with polymers, composite material is formed, although such is compound
The tensile strength of material is promoted, but the problems such as due to nano material and the poor compatibility of polymer, leads to such material
Impact resistance it is generally not high.
To solve the above problems, enabling polymer occur in the interlayer of nano material frequently with modes such as intercalation in-situ polymerizations
It reacts to improve the impact resistance of composite material, but the process is time-consuming longer, polymeric reaction condition is harsh, and solvent is not
Easily recycling, can bring the variations such as environmental pollution.
Patent No. CN101081928A proposes a kind of preparation method of polyamide/nano montmorillonite masterbatch, auxiliary using water
Help method to prepare polyamide/nano montmorillonite masterbatch, it is intercalator that preparation method, which is with deionized water, by the montmorillonite of purifying and
Mud is added step-wise to the polyamide that prescription amount melts completely by deionized water mixing, fully dispersed obtained montmorillonite mud, then
Polyamide/nano montmorillonite masterbatch is obtained through extruding pelletization.Preparation method is simple, and production cost is low, but this method is poly-
Montmorillonite mud is added after amide melting, montmorillonite mud is will lead to and has not enough time to be thoroughly mixed with copolymer, interlayer
Water just because of high-temperature gasification, causes polyamide to fail to timely enter interlayer, meanwhile, it is insufficient only by the energy of water generation
Will be completely exfoliated between cheating engaging layer thus cannot obtain the composite material that type is completely exfoliated, properties of product are also received greatly
Influence.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of nanocomposite, including nano material and nylon elastomer, the nano material
By interlayer divergence process, does not need to carry out intercalation in-situ polymerization, nylon elastic can be further increased while promoting intensity
The toughness of body nanocomposites.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite, which is characterized in that the nanocomposite is by premix through molten
Melt made from blending, the premix is that the nano material of liquid medium is full to be adhered between nylon elastomer particle by being combined with
It is formed.
In above scheme, the nylon elastomer is mainly block or graft copolymer, the maximum of polymer chain structure
Feature is it while including chemical structure different " hard sections " and " soft segment ".The wherein T of hard sectiongAnd TmIt is higher, in macromolecular chain
In glassy state or semi-crystalline, the T of soft segmentgAnd TmIt is lower, polymer is imparted with flexibility and extendability.The nylon bullet
The hard section of property body is divided into 12 system of 6 system of nylon, nylon66 fiber system or nylon etc. according to used polyamide type difference.
In above scheme, using macromolecule as the nanocomposite of base-material, in the mechanical property lifting process for representing intensity
In, it can be lost in terms of toughness, can even be lower than the toughness of base-material itself sometimes, reduce the scope of application of material；Study carefully
Its reason is due to poor compatibility between the part nano material component in composite material and part macromolecule, in addition, nano material
Itself produces reunions in process, can not it is evenly dispersed in the composite, also result in the scarce of certain mechanical properties
It loses.Nanocomposite provided by the invention is combined with liquid medium in nano material, and the liquid that is combined with is situated between
The nano material adherency of matter is wrapped in nylon elastomer particle surface and forms mixture, by said mixture through melt blending, benefit
It enables liquid medium undergo phase transition with processing temperature-rise period, so that nano material is dispersed in nylon elastomer, greatly mentions
The high toughness of composite material.
In above scheme, the liquid medium include at least water, can also include isopentane, pentane, petroleum ether, oneself
Alkane, hexamethylene, isooctane, trifluoroacetic acid, trimethylpentane, pentamethylene, heptane, butyl chloride, trichloro ethylene, carbon tetrachloride, three
Trichlorotrifluoroethane, propyl ether, toluene, paraxylene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorohenzene, diethyl ether, benzene, isobutanol, ethylene dichloride, just
Butanol, butyl acetate, propyl alcohol, methylisobutylketone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone,
Dioxane, pyridine, acetone, nitromethane, acetic acid, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methanol, methylamine, dimethylamine, ether,
Pentane, methylene chloride, carbon disulfide, 1,1- dichloroethanes, trifluoroacetic acid, 1,1,1- trichloroethanes, ethyl alcohol, butanone, 1,2-
Dichloroethanes, glycol dimethyl ether, triethylamine, propionitrile, 4-methyl-2 pentanone, ethylenediamine, butanol, acetic acid, one first of ethylene glycol
Ether, octane, morpholine, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dimethylbenzene, meta-xylene, acetic anhydride, ortho-xylene, N,N-dimethylformamide, ring
One or more of hexanone, cyclohexanol, furfural, N-METHYLFORMAMIDE；Preferably water.
Further scheme of the invention are as follows: the nano material includes stratified nano materials, layered nano material
At least partly lamella is in expansion shape in the composite.
In above scheme, layered nano material belongs to stratiform two-dimension nano materials, in layered nano material
Interlayer interlamellar spacing after combining liquid medium is expanded, and in the process of nanocomposite, is incorporated in stratified nano materials
The liquid medium of interlayer gasifies, so that interlayer is further expanded, enters interlayer convenient for nylon elastomer and forms composite material,
It can also prevent nano material in process from reuniting.Stratified nano materials have unique two-dimentional layer structure, two dimension
Laminate Orienting ordered arrangement forms three-dimensional crystalline structure uniqueness, so that bedding void can be inserted in liquid medium under certain condition
Laminate is strutted, without destroying the original structure of layer nano material, and the laminate composition and interlamellar spacing of stratified nano materials are all
With Modulatory character.
Further scheme of the invention are as follows: the interlayer of the liquid medium injection stratified nano materials forms full adherency
In the intergranular paste of nylon elastomer, the consistency of the paste is 0~100mm, but is not 0mm；The paste packet
It includes: 1 parts by weight of nano material, 0.02~100 parts by weight of liquid medium；Preferably, the paste further includes auxiliary agent 0~50
Parts by weight, but be not 0.
In above scheme, intercalation polymeric is to nano-material modified filtering and dry process, this hair compared to the prior art
After the interlayer injection liquid medium of bright stratified nano materials, paste continuous, and that there is certain tack is formd,
The paste has certain consistency, but consistency is not 0mm, represents the paste to be combined with liquid medium and having
The semisolid of certain fluidity, therefore can be by the nano material paste uniform adhesion for being combined with liquid medium in nylon
Elastomer particles surface improves processability with the common feeding of nylon elastomer particle to the equipment of melt blending.It is preferred that
, in order to improve the amount of the combined liquid medium of stratified nano materials interlayer, auxiliary agent can also be added.
Further scheme of the invention are as follows: layered nano material include by fixed structure unit by shared angle,
Multilayer space net structure made of side or face accumulation, there are moveable lewis' acids for each interlayer.
In above scheme, there are when moveable ion, which has layered each interlayer of nano material
There is certain ion exchange capacity, preferred ion exchange capacity is 0.1~400mmol/100g range, such ionic stratiform is received
Rice material is usually used in intercalation polymeric technique, enables the interlayer of stratified nano materials and intercalator that ion occurs using acidification or alkalization
Exchange is modified to realize to nano material；And in the present invention, the ion exchange capacity between nano material and liquid medium is lower,
Ion exchange does not almost occur, so that liquid medium enters the paste that nano material interlayer forms high viscosity containing large amount of liquid amount
Object, convenient for further processing.The ionic stratified nano materials include the phyllosilicate of cationic, layered titanate,
The hydrotalcite-based compound of layer dress phosphate and anionic, specifically includes nano montmorillonite, nanometer potasium titanate, kaolin, sea
One or more of afrodite, hydrotalcite.
In above scheme, layered nano material can also be the non-ionic nanometer layer without ion exchange capacity
Shape material, by taking graphene as an example, as seen from Figure 1, graphene sample part is in relatively transparent state, explanation in the paste
Graphene film interlayer is stripped at this, and agglomeration is unobvious.As seen from Figure 2, graphene sample in the paste
Lamella is very thin, and there are the single-layer graphene peeled away stacking in visual range, the surface folding of sample is because of two dimension
The material of structure is not easy to stablize individualism, and fold is stablized conducive to graphene, and the sample further demonstrated is single layer
Or few layer graphene.The non-ionic nano lamellar material includes:
1. carbon material: graphene；
2. graphene analog: the element of the 4th main group of the periodic table of elements, such as silene, germanium alkene, boron alkene, arsenic alkene, black phosphorus；
3. transient metal sulfide (TMDs): coordination environment and oxidation state based on metallic atom, transient metal sulfide
(TMDs) insulator (HfS2), semiconductor (MoS can be formed2), semimetal (TiSe2) and all-metal (NbSe2), or even low
Transient metal sulfide (TMDs) can show superconductivity under the conditions of temperature.It is reported in the literature at present to have more than 40 laminate transition
Metal sulfide；
4. layered metal oxide: MoO3、V2O3、V2O5、Al2O3, chromium oxide, TiO2、BiOCl、MnO2；
5. the oxide of layered metal hydroxides, perovskite；
6. metal nitride, carbide: h-BN, nitrogen carbide (g-C3N4)；
7. two-dimensional metallic organic framework materials: the MOF for having been carried out removing includes: [Cu2Br (IN) 2] n (different cigarette of IN=
Acid), Zn-BDC (BDC=terephthalic acid (TPA)), it is brilliant to remove manganese -2,2- dimethyl succinate (MnDMS) block in ethanol, in methanol
[Zn2 (bim) 4] (bim=benzimidazole) is removed with the in the mixed solvent of propyl alcohol, in the mixed of n,N-Dimethylformamide and acetonitrile
It grows to obtain ultra-thin 2D CuBDC and ZnBDC MOF material by diffusion control MOF in bonding solvent.M-TC nylon elastomer is ultra-thin
Nanometer sheet (M=Zn, Cu, Cd, Co；TC nylon elastomer=5,10,15,20- tetra- (4- carboxyl phenyl) porphines)；
8. transition metal oxyhalide: LiCoO2, FeOCl etc..
The wherein chemical general formula of layered metal hydroxides are as follows:
[M(II)1-xM(III)x(OH)2]x+[Ax/n n-]·mH2O
M (II) is bivalent metal ion in formula, can be the divalent ions such as magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, zinc, and M (III) is trivalent
Metal ion can be aluminium, chromium, iron etc., the closer stable plate layer more easy to form of the radius of divalent metal and trivalent metal
Structure.After these divalent and trivalent ion are carried out efficient combination, binary, ternary even the LDHs chemical combination of quaternary can be formed
Object.
Further scheme of the invention are as follows: the nylon elastomer includes polyamide, polyethers and dicarboxylic acids, the polyamide
Including one of PA6, PA66 or PA12.
In above scheme, the mass ratio of the polyamide and polyethers is 15~95:85~5, and the polyethers is by oxyalkylene list
Member composition, including but not limited to PEG, PPG, tetrahydrofuran, polytrimethylene ether glycol etc., the polyethers can be used to and contain
The polyamide-block polycondensation of carboxyl end group can also be changed into polyether diamine, and contract with the polyamide-block of carboxyl end group by amination
It is poly-.
Further scheme of the invention are as follows: the mass ratio of the nano material and nylon elastomer is 0.1~20:100, excellent
It is selected as 1~10:100, more preferably 3~8:100.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of nylon elastomer nanocomposite, which is characterized in that the system
Preparation Method includes the following steps:
(1) liquid medium and nano material are mixed, obtain paste；
(2) paste will be obtained in step (1) to mix with nylon elastomer particle, enables paste is full to be adhered to nylon bullet
Premix is obtained between elastomer particles；
(3) premix in step (2) is subjected to melt blending, obtains nanocomposite；
Preferably, the step (1) further includes that liquid medium, nano material and auxiliary agent are mixed, and obtains paste.
In the above method, there is certain consistency semisolid paste since liquid medium and nano material to be mixed to get
Object, therefore slipping phenomenon will not occur for while being added to extrusion equipment after paste and nylon elastomer particle mixing, it can be direct
Feeding prepares nanocomposite, processing easy to produce, and avoids liquid medium in the prior art and receive caused by gasifying too early
The poor problem of nano composite material performance, through experiments, it was found that, it is compared with the prior art, nano combined made from mixing of the invention
Material property is more superior.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, in step (3), when melt blending, moulded in temperature greater than or equal to thermoplastic polymer
When changing temperature, liquid medium gasification in nanometer mixing material, the gasification separates the nano material of reunion, while the gasification
Heat is uniformly transferred in thermoplastic polymer and nano material；Preferably, the gasification softens thermoplastic polymer, and
Reduce the plasticization temperature of thermoplastic polymer.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, in step (3), it is higher than the boiling point of liquid medium in the temperature of melt blending and reaches Buddhist nun
During imperial elastomer plasticization temperature, liquid medium gasification separates the nano material of reunion；The boiling point of the liquid medium
Lower than the plasticization temperature of nylon elastomer, the boiling point is preferably not higher than 180 DEG C, and the liquid medium is preferably water；It is described
The weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 0.02~100:1, preferably 5~50:1, more preferably 5~20:1.
In the above method, the application use will add simultaneously in conjunction with the higher nano material of liquid medium amount with nylon elastomer
Enter process equipment, due to the lyophile media processes (forming paste) previously to nano material, so that nano material contains
Liquid measure improves, therefore when entering nylon elastomer melting zone, although system temperature is already higher than the boiling point of liquid medium, receives
Contained liquid medium is more between rice material void carry out the melting process of phase transformation evaporation process and nylon elastomer can simultaneously,
Just make molten state nylon elastomer that can smoothly enter into interlayer, and improves the impact property of final products.And in the prior art,
The technical solution of the nano material containing liquid is added frequently with first melting is carried out to polymer, and due to nano material lyophile
The undertreatment of medium reduces the compatibility of nano material and nylon elastomer, makes so that wherein liquid medium evaporation is too fast
Obtain the toughness decline of final products；On the other hand, in the prior art, first nano material is added to polymer melting undoubtedly to extend
The time of product preparation, waste time cost.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, in step (3), premix that the paste and nylon elastomer particle are mixed to get
Feeding to hot melt process equipment carries out melt blending under the conditions of no pressure.
In the above method, hot melt process equipment includes but is not limited to mixer, open mill or screw extruder (parallel/cone
Shape/mono-/bis -/tri- screw rods), when using screw extruder, premix that the shape object and nylon elastomer particle are mixed to get
Material realizes the charging under the conditions of no pressure from without pressure feed zone charging.In the present invention, can by nano material directly with nylon bullet
Elastomer particles directly mix and carry out feeding, have benefited from nano material and form the cream with certain consistency in conjunction with liquid medium
Shape object, it is therefore prevented that slipping phenomenon, on the other hand the content of the liquid medium as contained by nano material is higher, logical in premix
When crossing the first melting zone, liquid medium therein will not too early phase transformation gasification, allow melting nylon elastomer preferably
It infiltrates between the gap of nano material and forms the nanocomposite of good mechanical properties.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, in step (1), the nano material includes stratified nano materials, further includes in stratiform
Auxiliary agent is added in nano material to improve interlayer liquid content, liquid medium contained by the interlayer of layered nano material is enabled to account for paste
The 50~98% of object gross mass, preferably 60~98%, more preferably 80~98%；The matter of the auxiliary agent and stratified nano materials
Amount is than being 0.01~50:1, preferably 0.1~5:1, and more preferably 0.2~1:1, the auxiliary agent includes carboxylate surface active
Agent, sulfate salt surfactant, sulfosalt surfactant, phosphate ester salt surfactant, amine salt surfactant, quaternary ammonium
Salt surfactant, heterocyclic type surfactant, nonionic surfactant, natural water soluble high molecular and its prepolymer, synthesis
One or more of water-soluble macromolecule and its prepolymer.
In the above method, the premix in the present invention during the preparation process, using nylon elastomer as base-material, is used lower
The auxiliary agent of content, its purpose is to form the environment of lyophile medium between the gap of nano material, to improve paste
Liquid content；It is multiple to nanometer to significantly reduce auxiliary agent for high-content intercalator used in intercalation polymeric compared to the prior art
The influence of condensation material overall performance.
In above scheme, the ability that liquid medium enters nano material is can be improved in the addition of auxiliary agent, to increase nanometer
The consistency of material blends；In addition, the addition of auxiliary agent can also improve the boiling point of liquid medium, prevent liquid medium from gasifying in advance
Evolution.Due in the present invention generate gel nano material reaction temperature at room temperature, the requirement to auxiliary agent is not
Height, therefore it is wider to be suitable for the invention the alternative range of auxiliary agent.
The auxiliary agent includes but is not limited to one or more of following component:
A. surfactant:
1, anionic surfactant: it is divided into carboxylate, sulfuric acid, sulfonate and phosphate ester salt.
(1) soap kind is higher fatty acid salt, and general formula of molecular structure is (RCOO)-nMn+.With stearic acid, oleic acid, laurel
Acid etc. is more common.According to the difference of its metal ion (Mn+), there are alkali metal soap, alkaling earth metal base and organic amine soap etc..
(2) hydrosulphate is mainly the sulfuric acid ester of sulfated oil and higher aliphatic, general formula of molecular structure ROSO3-M
+, there are commonly lauryl sodium sulfate (also known as " sldium lauryl sulfate "), sodium hexadecyl sulfate (also known as " cetanol sulfuric acid
Sodium "), sodium stearyl sulfate (also known as " stearyl alcohol sodium sulphate ") etc..
(3) sulphonic acid compound mainly has aliphatic sulfonic compound, sulfo group aryl sulfonic acid compound, sulfo group naphthalene sulfonic acids compound etc.
2, cationic surfactant: containing nitrogen-atoms in the hydrophilic group ion of cationic surfactant, according to nitrogen original
The position difference of son in the molecule is divided into amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt and heterocyclic type three classes.Such as benzalkonium chloride (trade name " geramine "), benzene
Prick bromine ammonium (trade name " bromogeramine "), chlorination (bromination) cetyl pyridinium (trade name " Xi Bailin ") etc.
3, zwitterionic surfactant: lecithin, amino acid pattern, betaine type
4, nonionic surfactant: fatty glyceride, fatty acid sorbitan (sapn), polysorbate (tween), alkane
Base phenol polyethenoxy ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid methyl ester APEO, detergent series.
B. water soluble polymer includes:
1, natural class macromolecule
Starch
Seaweeds: sodium alginate, agar-agar.
Natural plant gum class: Arabic gum, tragacanth gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed polysaccharide glue, sesbania gum, carrageenan, guar gum, fruit
Glue.
Animal glue class: gelatin, casein, chitosan.
Microbiological gum: xanthan gum, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid.
2, class macromolecule and its prepolymer are synthesized
(1) polymeric type water soluble polymer and its prepolymer
Polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid and its copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene
Alkene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymaleic anhydride, polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, polyvinylamine, poly- divinyl imidazoles
Quinoline, sulfonate styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, opens Pu Shi resin at kayexalate.
(2) polycondensation class water soluble polymer and its prepolymer
Water soluble amino resin, water soluble phenol resin, water soluble alkyd resin, water-soluble epoxy resin, water-soluble poly
Urethane resin, polyethylene imine, poly-aspartate, poly-epoxy succinic acid, polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, polyamide second two
Urea formaldehyde, ammonia-epichlorohydrin resin, heavy polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, ammonia-dimethylamine-epichlorohydrin resin, N, N-
Dimethyl 1,3- propane diamine and epichlorohydrin resin.
(3) other
Water Soluble Maleic Anhydride oil, dicyandiamide formaldehyde resin, rosin amine-ethylene oxide condensate, poly N-ethylene yl acetamide, water
Dissolubility ficoll.
3, semi-synthetic class macromolecule
Modified cellulose and converted starch.
Preferably synthetic class macromolecule and its prepolymer.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, nano material and the adding manner of auxiliary agent include being added at one time in the step (1)
It is added in batches；It is respectively 0.01-100g/min that speed, which is added, preferably 5-10g/min, more preferable 7g/min.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, the step (1) further includes implementing physical dispersion, the physics to stratified nano materials
Dispersion includes but is not limited to colloid mill, ball milling, ultrasound, vortex, etching auxiliary, gas shock etc.；Preferably, the physical dispersion
For ultrasound, the frequency of the ultrasonic field is 800~1000Hz, and power is 200~1000W.
In the above method, when layered nano material is non-ionic stratified material, there is more stable molecular structure,
In order to allow the interlayer of such nano material to inject more liquid mediums, the expansion journey of interlayer is promoted using physical dispersion method
Degree, so that liquid medium, which enters nano material interlayer, forms the paste with certain consistency, in order to be further processed.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, the preparation method further includes addition latex shape in the paste made from step (1)
The mass ratio of resulting mixture, the later mixture and nylon elastomer melt blending, the latex and paste is 0.1~
10:1, the latex include styrene-acrylic emulsion, acrylic acid ester emulsion, acrylic emulsion, silicone acrylic emulsion, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, fluorine
Carbon emulsion, rosin resin lotion, terpinol, acrylate and vinyl acetate emulsion, aqueous epoxy resin emulsion, styrene-butadiene latex, Heveatex, white glue
One of cream, polychloroprene latex, pure C latex, carboxylic styrene butadiene latex, styrene-acrylic latex are a variety of.
In the above method, after the completion of prepared by the nano material paste for being combined with liquid medium, latex can also be utilized
Mixed processing is carried out to paste precast body, and the paste after latex mixed processing is melted simultaneously with nylon elastomer
It is blended and carries out following process, above-mentioned mixed processing has greatly delayed the release rate of interlayer liquid medium, effectively prevent liquid
Phase transformation occurs to early in medium, on the other hand, when the mixed processing of latex and paste further improves liquid medium phase transformation
The scale of nano material gap expansion is conducive to the gap realization filling that polymer travels further into nano material.
According to above-mentioned preparation method, the preparation method further includes before or during melt blending to paste and nylon
The weight ratio of the age resister being added in the premix that elastomer particles are formed, the age resister and nylon elastomer is 0.1
~1:100, preferably 0.3:100；The age resister is selected from amine antioxidants, phenolic antioxidant, and thio-2 acid vinegar class resists
One or more of oxygen agent and phosphorous vinegar kind antioxidant.
In the above method, the age resister includes:
Amine antioxidants: there are ketoamine condensation product, secondary diarylamine, substituted p-phenylenediamine, hindered amine；
Phenolic antioxidant: alkylation monophenols, alkylation polyphenol, thiobisphenol and polyphenol can be divided into.Alkylation monophenols and
Polyphenol antioxidant principal item has antioxidant 264,1076,2246,1035,1010,3114 and 1790；The main product of thiobisphenol
Kind has antioxidant 2246 and 300；Polyatomic phenol antioxidant principal item has 2,5 1 di-t-butyl hydroquinones and 2,5 12 tertiary pentyls
Quinhydrones；
Thio-2 acid vinegar and phosphorous vinegar kind antioxidant；Its principal item has anti-aging agent TNP, Ultranox624 and Asia
Tricresyl phosphate (2,4 1 di-tert-butyl) ester.
Other type antioxidants: 2 one coloured glaze base benzo miaow trade name antioxidant MBs, nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate
Trade name antioxidant NBC, there are also zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
The age resister specifically includes: anti-aging agent RD, antioxidant A W, antioxidant BLE, antioxidant A, anti-aging agent OD, 4,
4 '-bis- (α-methylbenzyl) diphenylamines, 4,4 '-bis- (α, α-methylbenzyl) diphenylamines, N, N ,-di-sec-butyl-p-phenyl enediamine prevent
Old agent 4030, antioxidant 4010, antioxidant 4010NA, antioxidant 4020, antioxidant 264, antioxidant 1076, antioxidant 2216,
Antioxidant 1035, antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 3114, antioxidant 1790, antioxidant 2246, DBH 2,5 di tert butylhydroquinone, antioxygen
Agent DLTP, antioxidant TNP, Ultranox624, phosphorous acid three (2,4- di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester, antioxidant MB, antioxidant NBC,
Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.
The present invention also provides a kind of premix, the premix includes paste and nylon elastomer；The paste
Include: 1 parts by weight of nano material, liquid medium 5-100 parts by weight, auxiliary agent 0-50 parts by weight, but is not 0；The paste is viscous
It overlays on nylon elastomer particle surface and forms premix；Preferably, during preparing paste, successively by nano material and
Auxiliary agent is added into liquid medium and is dispersed；It is furthermore preferred that the dispersion includes ultrasound, shearing, stirring, ball milling, colloid
Mill, vortex, etching auxiliary or gas shock；It is further preferred that nano material and the adding manner of auxiliary agent include disposable add
Enter and is added in batches.
The preparation method of above-mentioned nylon elastomer nanocomposite specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 0.01~100g/min and is persistently stirred
It is uniformly dispersed, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 0.02~100:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) in batches or once with the speed of 0.01~100g/min,
Obtain paste, the consistency of the paste is 0~100mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 0.001~50:
1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer particle that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3), feeding hot melting equipment, melt blending simultaneously carry out subsequent add under the conditions of no pressure
Work obtains nanocomposite.
According to the above method, when the hot melting equipment is screw extruder, engine speed is 30~80Hz, and main feeding hopper turns
Speed is 10~30Hz, and extrusion temperature is 260~290 DEG C of an area, two 260~290 DEG C of areas, three 280~290 DEG C of areas, four areas 280~
290 DEG C, five 280~290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 0.6~1m/s.
It further include carrying out mixed processing using latex and paste afterwards in step (2), then carry out step according to the above method
(3) technique.
The invention has the benefit that
1. nylon elastomer nanocomposite provided by the invention is in terms of mechanical property, and simple process is easily grasped
Make, the used time is short, is suitable for promoting；
2. the present invention melts the higher nano material of liquid content with nylon elastomer simultaneously, composite processing mistake is utilized
Heat in journey improves the molecular energy of liquid medium between nano material gap, and interlayer liquid medium is promoted to undergo phase transition, and expands
The gap of nano material, so that the nylon elastomer of molten state enters realization filling；
3. nano material provided by the invention through auxiliary agent processing formed have compared with containing large amount of liquid amount paste, with nylon bullet
Property body simultaneously during melt-processed, be incorporated in the time and nylon bullet that the interstitial liquid medium of nano material is undergone phase transition
The property body melting time matches, and enters between the gap of nano material and is filled conducive to the nylon elastomer of molten state；
4. nano material provided by the invention is while using liquid medium phase transformation expansion gap, also playing prevents from receiving
The effect that rice material is reunited.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the SEM of paste laminate nano material graphene of the invention schemes.
Fig. 2 is that the TEM of paste laminate nano material graphene of the invention schemes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical solution in embodiment is clearly and completely described, the following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but
It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 2:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA6 system,
The mass ratio of PA6 and polyether block is 95:5, and the liquid medium used is water, and the auxiliary agent used for benzalkonium bromide, receive by use
Rice material is laminar nano montmorillonite, and the age resister used is phosphorous acid three (2,4- di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester, according to as follows
Method prepares nanocomposite:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 5g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Uniformly, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 20:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) in batches or once with the speed of 0.1g/min, obtains cream
Shape object, the consistency of the paste are 66mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 10:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 30Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 10Hz, and extrusion temperature is 280 DEG C of an area,
Two 280 DEG C of areas, three 290 DEG C of areas, four 290 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas, the linear velocity of screw speed are 0.8m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 53MPa, and bending strength is
92MPa, impact strength 53kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 10:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA66
System, the mass ratio of PA66 and polyether block are 95:5, and used liquid medium is trifluoroacetic acid and water, trifluoroacetic acid and water
Mass ratio is 2:98, and used auxiliary agent is polyacrylic acid and sodium stearyl sulfate, weight ratio 1:1, the nanometer material of use
Material is sepiolite, and the age resister used is prepared as follows nanocomposite for antioxidant 1035:
(1) liquid is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 10g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Even, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 100:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 5g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 16mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 50:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 80Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 30Hz, and one area of extrusion temperature is 280 DEG C,
Two 270 DEG C of areas, three 280 DEG C of areas, four 280 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 1m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 54MPa, and bending strength is
91MPa, impact strength 55kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 0.1:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA12
The mass ratio of system, PA12 and polyether block is 95:5, and the liquid medium used is water, and the auxiliary agent used is daiamid epoxy chlorine third
Alkane resin and its oligomer, for kaolin and sepiolite, mass ratio 3:7 is prepared as follows the nano material used
Nanocomposite:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 0.05g/min and carries out continuing stirring point
It dissipates uniformly, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 50:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 5g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 49mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 0.1:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix feeding mixer of step (3), melt blending simultaneously carries out following process, obtains nano combined material
Material.
The tensile strength of finally obtained nylon elastomer nanocomposite is 55MPa, bending strength 91MPa, punching
Hit intensity is 54kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 5:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA6 system,
The mass ratio of PA6 and polyether block is 70:30, and the liquid medium used is water, and the auxiliary agent used is ammonia-diformazan amine-epoxy chlorine
Propane resin and its oligomer, the nano material used is black phosphorus, and the age resister used is antioxidant TNP, according to such as lower section
Method prepares nanocomposite:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 8g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Uniformly applying frequency simultaneously is 800~1000Hz, and power is the ultrasound of 200~1000W, the weight of liquid medium and nano material
Than for 24:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 0.5g/min, obtains paste, it is described
The consistency of paste is 86mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 5:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix feeding open mill of step (3), melt blending simultaneously carries out following process, obtains nano combined material
Material.
The tensile strength of finally obtained nylon elastomer nanocomposite is 52MPa, bending strength 90MPa, punching
Hit intensity is 57kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 5:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA66
The mass ratio of system, PA66 and polyether block is 70:30, and the liquid medium used is pyridine and water, mass ratio 1:4, use
Auxiliary agent is locust bean gum, and the nano material used is prepared as follows nanocomposite for layered potassium titanate:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 10g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Uniformly, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 0.5:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 2g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 74mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 2:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 70Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 15Hz, and one area of extrusion temperature is 280 DEG C,
Two 290 DEG C of areas, three 290 DEG C of areas, four 290 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 1m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 53MPa, and bending strength is
89MPa, impact strength 56kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 6
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 4:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA12
System, the mass ratio of PA12 and polyether block are 70:30, the liquid medium used for water, the auxiliary agent used for cetyl pyridinium,
The nano material used is prepared as follows nanocomposite for Zn-BDC (BDC=terephthalic acid (TPA)):
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 0.2g/min and carries out continuing stirring point
It dissipates uniformly, the weight ratio of liquid medium and nano material is 10:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 1.2g/min, obtains paste, it is described
The consistency of paste is 64mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 5:1, further, by paste and butadiene-styrene rubber
Newborn mixed processing；
(3) paste mixed with styrene-butadiene latex and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 60Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 30Hz, and one area of extrusion temperature is 290 DEG C,
Two 280 DEG C of areas, three 285 DEG C of areas, four 285 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 0.7m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 54MPa, and bending strength is
89MPa, impact strength 55kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 7
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 2:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA6 system,
The mass ratio of PA6 and polyether block is 15:85, and the liquid medium used is water and 1,1- dichloroethanes, water and 1, bis- chloroethene of 1-
The mass ratio 22:1 of alkane, used auxiliary agent are fatty acid sorbitan, and the nano material used is graphene, as follows
Prepare nanocomposite:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 10g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Uniformly applying frequency simultaneously is 800~1000Hz, and power is the ultrasound of 200~1000W, the weight of liquid medium and nano material
Than for 30:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 15g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 61mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 2:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 30Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 30Hz, and one area of extrusion temperature is 275 DEG C,
Two 270 DEG C of areas, three 280 DEG C of areas, four 285 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 1m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 52MPa, and bending strength is
88MPa, impact strength 53kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 8
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 3:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA66
The mass ratio of system, PA66 and polyether block is 15:85, and the liquid medium used is water, and the auxiliary agent used is poly-epoxy succinic acid
And its prepolymer, the nano material used are prepared as follows nanocomposite for FeOCl:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 0.5g/min and carries out continuing stirring point
It dissipates and applies frequency simultaneously uniformly as 800~1000Hz, power is the ultrasound of 200~1000W, the weight of liquid medium and nano material
Amount is than being 3:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 3g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 43mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 15:1；
(3) paste and nylon elastomer that step (2) obtains are mixed to get premix；
(4) by the premix feeding open mill of step (3), melt blending simultaneously carries out following process, obtains nano combined material
Material.
The tensile strength of finally obtained nylon elastomer nanocomposite is 52MPa, bending strength 87MPa, punching
Hit intensity is 53kgcm/cm.
Embodiment 9
In the present embodiment, the mass ratio of nano material and nylon elastomer is 15:100, and the nylon elastomer is PA12
System, the mass ratio of PA12 and polyether block are 15:85, the liquid medium used for water, the auxiliary agent that uses for polymaleic anhydride with
The mass ratio of polyethylene imine, polymaleic anhydride and polyethylene imine be 1:1, used nano material be graphene and
Silene, mass ratio 8:2, is prepared as follows nanocomposite:
(1) liquid medium is stirred, while nano material is added with the speed of 5g/min and is persistently dispersed with stirring
Uniformly applying frequency simultaneously is 800~1000Hz, and power is the ultrasound of 200~1000W, the weight of liquid medium and nano material
Than for 20:1；
(2) auxiliary agent is added into the lasting agitating solution of step (1) with the speed of 15g/min, obtains paste, the cream
The consistency of shape object is 36mm, and the weight ratio of the auxiliary agent and nano material is 8:1, further, by paste and aqueous poly- ammonia
Ester lotion mixed processing；
(3) paste mixed with aqueous polyurethane emulsion that step (2) obtains is mixed to get with nylon elastomer pre-
Mixing；
(4) by the premix of step (3) from without pressure feed zone feed screw extruder, melt blending simultaneously carries out subsequent add
Work obtains nanocomposite.
The engine speed of the extrusion equipment is 70Hz, and main feeding hopper revolving speed is 30Hz, and one area of extrusion temperature is 280 DEG C,
Two 280 DEG C of areas, three 285 DEG C of areas, four 290 DEG C of areas, five 290 DEG C of areas；The linear velocity of screw speed is 1m/s.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 52MPa, and bending strength is
87MPa, impact strength 54kgcm/cm.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, on the basis of embodiment 1, the position of extruder is added in adjustment nano material containing liquid, in no pressure
Feeding nylon elastomer under the conditions of power, in nylon elastomer after melting zone, interlayer is contained the nanometer of liquid medium by pressurization
Material feeding is mixed with the nylon elastomer of molten state.
The difference of comparative example 1 and embodiment is: the nano material between nylon elastomer and gap containing liquid medium is not
Feeding simultaneously, but first feeding nylon elastomer and after nylon elastomer melting, the nanometer containing liquid between feeding gap of pressurizeing
Material is processed.
The tensile strength for the nylon elastomer nanocomposite that final extruding pelletization obtains is 46MPa, and bending strength is
75MPa, impact strength 49kgcm/cm.
Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out to Examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1, respectively obtains tensile strength, bending strength and impact
The performance parameter of intensity is as shown in the table:
As seen from the above table, the mechanical property of nanocomposite obtained by Examples 1 to 9 is above the performance ginseng of comparative example 1
Number, to find out its cause, being that the present invention using the phase transformation of liquid medium has carried out interlayer divergence process to nano material, so that with nanometer
The nylon elastomer that material melts simultaneously enters interlayer and is filled, and above-mentioned interlayer divergence process adds when polymer melting is utilized
The heat that work generates enables liquid medium evaporation generate implosion and struts interlayer, while using the shearing force for squeezing out processing, further shelling
Between layers apart, so that molten state nylon elastomer realizes the filling of interlayer, to improve the mechanical property of product.
The above is only a better embodiment of the present invention and the applied technical principle.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this hair
It is bright to be not limited to specific embodiment described here, be able to carry out for a person skilled in the art it is various it is apparent variation, again
Adjustment and substitution are without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although by above embodiments to the present invention carried out compared with
For detailed description, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only, without departing from the inventive concept, can be with
Including more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nylon elastomer nanocomposite, which is characterized in that
The nanocomposite is as premix through made from melt blending, the premix is by being combined with liquid medium
Nano material is full to be adhered to and is formed between nylon elastomer particle.
2. nanocomposite according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nano material includes laminar nano material
Material, at least partly lamella of layered nano material is in expansion shape in the composite；Layered nano material include by
By multilayer space net structure made of shared angle, side or face accumulation, each interlayer exists moveable fixed structure unit
Lewis' acid.
3. composite material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The interlayer of the liquid medium injection stratified nano materials, formation is full to be adhered to the intergranular paste of nylon elastomer
Object, the consistency of the paste are 0~100mm, but are not 0mm；
The paste includes:
1 parts by weight of nano material
0.02~100 parts by weight of liquid medium；
Preferably, the paste further includes,
0~50 parts by weight of auxiliary agent, but be not 0.
4. composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the nylon elastomer includes poly-
Amide, polyethers and dicarboxylic acids, the polyamide include one of PA6, PA66 or PA12.
5. composite material according to claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the matter of the nano material and nylon elastomer
Amount is than being 0.1~20:100, preferably 1~10:100, more preferably 3~8:100.
6. a kind of preparation method of nylon elastomer nanocomposite, which is characterized in that the preparation method includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) liquid medium and nano material are mixed, obtain paste；
(2) paste will be obtained in step (1) to mix with nylon elastomer particle, enables paste is full to be adhered to nylon elastomer
Premix is obtained between particle；
(3) premix in step (2) is subjected to melt blending, obtains nanocomposite；
Preferably, the step (1) further includes that liquid medium, nano material and auxiliary agent are mixed, and obtains paste.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (3), be higher than liquid in the temperature of melt blending
The boiling point of body medium and during reaching nylon elastomer plasticization temperature, liquid medium gasification, by the nano material of reunion point
From；The boiling point of the liquid medium is lower than the plasticization temperature of nylon elastomer, and the boiling point is preferably not higher than 180 DEG C, described
Liquid medium is preferably water；The weight ratio of the liquid medium and nano material be 0.02~100:1, preferably 5~50:1, more
Preferably 5~20:1.
8. preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that in step (1), the nano material includes layer
Shape nano material further includes auxiliary agent being added in stratified nano materials to improve interlayer liquid content, enables layered nano material
Interlayer contained by liquid medium account for the 50~98% of paste gross mass, preferably 60~98%, more preferably 80~98%；Institute
The mass ratio for stating auxiliary agent and stratified nano materials is 0.01~50:1, preferably 0.1~5:1, more preferably 0.2~1:1, described
Auxiliary agent includes carboxylate surface active agent, sulfate salt surfactant, sulfosalt surfactant, phosphate ester salt surface-active
Agent, amine salt surfactant, quaternary surfactant, heterocyclic type surfactant, nonionic surfactant are natural water-soluble
Macromolecule, one or more of synthetic water soluble high molecular and its prepolymer.
9. preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is characterized in that the preparation method further include
Latex is added in paste made from step (1) and forms mixture, later the mixture and nylon elastomer melt blending, institute
The mass ratio for stating latex and paste is 0.1~10:1, and the latex includes styrene-acrylic emulsion, acrylic acid ester emulsion, propylene yogurt
Liquid, silicone acrylic emulsion, aqueous polyurethane emulsion, fluorine carbon emulsion, rosin resin lotion, terpinol, acrylate and vinyl acetate emulsion, aqueous epoxy resins
One of lotion, styrene-butadiene latex, Heveatex, white glue cream, polychloroprene latex, pure C latex, carboxylic styrene butadiene latex, styrene-acrylic latex
Or it is a variety of.
10. a kind of premix characterized by comprising
The premix includes paste and nylon elastomer；
The paste includes: 1 parts by weight of nano material, liquid medium 5-100 parts by weight, auxiliary agent 0-50 parts by weight, but is not
0；
The paste, which is covered, forms premix in nylon elastomer particle surface；
Preferably, during preparing paste, successively nano material and auxiliary agent are added into liquid medium and are divided
It dissipates；
It is furthermore preferred that the dispersion includes ultrasound, shearing, stirring, ball milling, colloid mill, vortex, etching auxiliary or gas shock；
It is further preferred that nano material and the adding manner of auxiliary agent include being added at one time and being added in batches.
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