CN110226473A - 一种高产小麦的种植方法 - Google Patents
一种高产小麦的种植方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226473A CN110226473A CN201910628775.6A CN201910628775A CN110226473A CN 110226473 A CN110226473 A CN 110226473A CN 201910628775 A CN201910628775 A CN 201910628775A CN 110226473 A CN110226473 A CN 110226473A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高产小麦的种植方法。该方法包括以下步骤:(1)预处理种植地;(2)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种,取出消毒,洗净后晾干;(3)将经步骤(2)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中浸泡;(4)将步骤(3)所得种子置于营养液中培育至其发芽;(5)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥;(6)拔节期追肥;(7)孕穗期施叶面肥;(8)其后按常规管理,直至小麦成熟。本发明方法培育得到的小麦,存活率高,具有优良的抗逆性,且产量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于小麦培育技术领域,具体涉及一种高产小麦的种植方法。
背景技术
小麦是三大谷物之一,是世界上广为种植的一种主要粮食作物,产量几乎全作为食用。小麦是小麦系植物的统称,是单子叶植物,是一种在世界各地广泛种植的禾本科植物,小麦的颖果是人类的主食之一,磨成面粉后可制作面包、馒头、饼干、面条等食物;发酵后可制成啤酒、酒精、白酒(如伏特加),或生质燃料。小麦富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、钙、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素A及维生素C等。我国是农业大国,小麦的种植量和种植区域都很大。在小麦种子生产的诸多系统和环节中,良种繁育技术是确保小麦种子质量和产量达到要求的重要环节。但现有方法培育得到的小麦抗虫害等抗逆性较差,幼苗成活率低,产量低,造成人们对小麦的需求与其产量的不足矛盾日趋严重。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明提供一种高产小麦的种植方法,可有效解决现有小麦在生长发育过程中抗虫、抗寒等抗逆性不足,产量低的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对有机质含量为1.8~2.5%的种植地进行灌溉、浇透,待灌溉4~6天后对其进行第一次深耕,并以2000~3000kg/亩的用量施加底肥;所述底肥包括以下重量份的组分:农家肥30~35份、氮肥50~55份、磷肥15~20份、硫酸钾32~35份、微生物肥5~9份、多效唑5~8份、氯氰菊酯3~5份、过磷酸钙20~30份与水;
(2)以25~30cm的深度对施加底肥的种植地进行第二次深耕,然后再覆膜2~3天;
(3)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种5~10min,取出消毒,洗净后晾干;
(4)将经步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中,于24~30℃继续浸泡20~30h;所述调节液包括甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液;其中,甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液的重量比为0.2~1:0.5~1.5:0.05~0.2:0.5~1;
(5)将步骤(5)所得种子置于营养液中,于4~10℃、1100~1400Lux培育至其发芽;
(6)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥,所述返青水包括复合维生素、无机盐和水;其中,复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为5~10:0.1~1.0:100;
(7)在拔节期时,土壤持水量为10~12cm并追肥;所述肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮50~55份、五氧化二磷15~25份、硼0.8~1.0份和氧化镁10~12份;
(8)在孕穗期时,对小麦喷洒叶面肥,每隔7~10天喷洒一次,共喷洒三次;所述叶面肥包括重量比为0.1~0.2:0.02~0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水;
(9)其后按常规管理,直至小麦成熟。
进一步地,步骤(4)中甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液的重量比为0.2:0.5:0.08:1。
进一步地,步骤(4)中调节液还包括占其重量8~15%的混合液;混合液包括重量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:1~1.5的阿魏酸、没食子酸和绿原酸。
进一步地,步骤(4)中玉米花粉液的制备方法为:
于-20~-10℃冷冻玉米花粉5~10h后,将其置于50~80℃的水中搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
进一步地,步骤(5)中营养液包括植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷;其中,植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷的体积比为1.2~1.5:0.4~0.5:0.5~0.6。
进一步地,植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷的体积比为1.2:0.5:0.5。
进一步地,步骤(6)中复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为10:1.0:100。
进一步地,步骤(7)中肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮55份、五氧化二磷15份、硼0.8份和氧化镁12份。
进一步地,步骤(8)中叶面肥包括重量比为0.1:0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、深耕有助于改善土壤的物理状况,提高保蓄水能力,使土壤的孔隙率增加。能够熟化土壤,增加养分。深耕可以将部分生土翻于地表面,经过冰雪冻融,风吹日晒而熟化,深耕后,使土壤中的矿物质释放出可被作物吸收的营养元素增多,增加了土壤速效养分的含量。有利于增施有机肥料,培肥地力。深耕为大量增施有机肥料提供了条件,可以实现深施底肥。深埋根茬、杂草,减轻病虫害。深耕可把残茬翻压到土中,既增加了土壤有机质含量,又保持了地面清洁,便于机械播种。可把杂草、杂草种子翻到下层闷死烂掉,又可使表土内害虫的卵、蛹、成虫与病菌、孢子翻埋到下层土内,使其缺氧窒息而死。
2、微生物肥可有效的改善土壤状况。能够促进植物对营养元素的吸收利用,或者能够抵抗某些病原微生物的致病作用,减轻病虫害,从而提高小麦产量和品质。
3、返青水中施用维生素有利于小麦种子萌芽和生长发育,调节生理代谢功能;而叶面肥可促进小麦的光合作用,迅速补充土壤有效营养元素,提高土壤肥力,磷酸二氢钾易为小麦吸收利用,促进茎、杆、粒的生长,使其苗旺杆壮。草木灰提高抗旱性,因为草木灰中含有大量的钾离子,能有效减弱叶片蒸腾水的强度,增强抗旱、抗高温能力,还可促进碳水化合物的运转,提高抗病、抗虫能力。
4、植物体中存在先天防御网络,可有效地提升植物体对病虫害,以及在各种逆境环境中的抗性,本发明用甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液来配置调节液,可有效的激活植物体中的先天防御网络,以达到提升植物体抗逆性的目的;其中,2,6二氯异烟酸和甜菜碱作为激活其防御网络的主要成分,以6,7-二羟基香豆素和玉米花粉液作为调节成分与2,6二氯异烟酸和甜菜碱进行配伍,使得其功效具有最大化,同时将其副作用降至可接受范围内。
5、调节液中添加有由阿魏酸、没食子酸和绿原酸组成的混合液,能够进一步的提升小麦中过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶等酶类的含量,可有效提升种子的活力,进一步的促进小麦抗逆性的提升。
6、本发明中的营养液中,植物营养液作为营养成分为小麦提供营养,脱落酸和甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷的复配能有效消除使用单一药剂的负面效果,其中,脱落酸有效的促进了植物根系生长,并克服了甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷使株高过快增长的缺陷,同时,脱落酸对种子发芽的抑制有效的被甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷所消解,能够显著增强了小麦的抗逆性,具有极显著的协同增效功效。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
实施例1
一种高产小麦的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对有机质含量为2.5%的种植地进行灌溉、浇透,待灌溉4~6天后对其进行第一次深耕,并以3000kg/亩的用量施加底肥;底肥包括以下重量份的组分:农家肥35份、氮肥50份、磷肥15份、硫酸钾35份、微生物肥5份、多效唑8份、氯氰菊酯5份、过磷酸钙30份与水;
(2)以30cm的深度对施加底肥的种植地进行第二次深耕,然后再覆膜2~3天;
(3)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种10min,取出,依次用乙醇和次氯酸钠消毒后,洗净晾干;
(4)将经步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中,于24℃继续浸泡22h;其中,调节液包括重量比为0.2:0.5:0.08:1的甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液;小麦种子与调节液的重量比为1:3;
并且,还在调节液中添加有占其重量8%的混合液;该混合液包括重量比为1:1:1的阿魏酸、没食子酸和绿原酸;
该玉米花粉液的制备方法如下:
采集玉米花粉,并将其置于温度为-20℃的环境中冷冻8h,然后取出并与温度为60℃的热水混合,搅拌均匀即可;
(5)将步骤(4)所得种子置于营养液中,于4℃、1200Lux的条件下,培育至其发芽;其中,营养液包括体积比为1.2:0.5:0.5的小麦植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷;
(6)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥,返青水包括复合维生素、无机盐和水;其中,复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为10:1.0:100;
(7)在拔节期时,土壤持水量保持在12cm并追肥;肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮55份、五氧化二磷15份、硼0.8份和氧化镁12份;
(8)在孕穗期时,对小麦喷洒叶面肥,每隔7~10天喷洒一次,共喷洒三次;叶面肥包括重量比为0.1:0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水;
(9)其后按常规方法进行病虫害管理,直至小麦成熟。
实施例2
一种高产小麦的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对有机质含量为1.8%的种植地进行灌溉、浇透,待灌溉4~6天后对其进行第一次深耕,并以3000kg/亩的用量施加底肥;底肥包括以下重量份的组分:农家肥30份、氮肥50份、磷肥15份、硫酸钾32份、微生物肥9份、多效唑5份、氯氰菊酯3份、过磷酸钙20份与水;
(2)以25cm的深度对施加底肥的种植地进行第二次深耕,然后再覆膜2~3天;
(3)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种5min,取出,依次用乙醇和次氯酸钠消毒后,洗净晾干;
(4)将经步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中,于30℃继续浸泡24h;其中,调节液包括重量比为1:1.5:0.05:0.8的甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液;小麦种子与调节液的重量比为1:3;
该玉米花粉液的制备方法如下:
采集玉米花粉,并将其置于温度为-15℃的环境中冷冻5h,然后取出并与温度为60℃的热水混合,搅拌均匀即可;
(5)将步骤(4)所得种子置于营养液中,于8℃、1400Lux的条件下,培育至其发芽;其中,营养液包括体积比为1.5:0.4:0.6的小麦植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷;
(6)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥,返青水包括复合维生素、无机盐和水;其中,复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为5:0.1:100;
(7)在拔节期时,土壤持水量为10~12cm并追肥;所述肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮55份、五氧化二磷25份、硼1.0份和氧化镁10份;
(8)在孕穗期时,对小麦喷洒叶面肥,每隔7~10天喷洒一次,共喷洒三次;所述叶面肥包括重量比为0.2:0.02:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水;
(9)其后按常规方法进行病虫害管理,直至小麦成熟。
实施例3
一种高产小麦的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对有机质含量为2.0%的种植地进行灌溉、浇透,待灌溉4~6天后对其进行第一次深耕,并以3000kg/亩的用量施加底肥;底肥包括以下重量份的组分:农家肥32份、氮肥52份、磷肥16份、硫酸钾32份、微生物肥8份、多效唑6份、氯氰菊酯3份、过磷酸钙25份与水;
(2)以25~30cm的深度对施加底肥的种植地进行第二次深耕,然后再覆膜2~3天;
(3)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种10min,取出,依次用乙醇和次氯酸钠消毒后,洗净晾干;
(4)将经步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中,于30℃继续浸泡20h;其中,调节液包括重量比为0.4:0.7:0.2:1的甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液;小麦种子与调节液的重量比为1:3;
并且,还在调节液中添加有占其重量10%的混合液;该混合液包括重量比为0.5:0.5:1.2的阿魏酸、没食子酸和绿原酸;
该玉米花粉液的制备方法如下:
采集玉米花粉,并将其置于温度为-20℃的环境中冷冻8h,然后取出并与温度为60℃的热水混合,搅拌均匀即可;
(5)将步骤(4)所得种子置于营养液中,于4℃、1200Lux的条件下,培育至其发芽;其中,营养液包括体积比为1.5:0.4:0.5的小麦植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷;
(6)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥,所述返青水包括复合维生素、无机盐和水;其中,复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为6:0.8:100;
(7)在拔节期时,土壤持水量为10~12cm并追肥;所述肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮53份、五氧化二磷20份、硼0.8份和氧化镁10份;
(8)在孕穗期时,对小麦喷洒叶面肥,每隔7~10天喷洒一次,共喷洒三次;所述叶面肥包括重量比为0.1:0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水;
(9)其后按常规方法进行病虫害管理,直至小麦成熟。
实施例4
与实施例1相比,缺少调节液,营养液仅包含植物营养液和脱落酸,同时未对种植地进行深耕追肥,其余过程均与实施例1相同。
实施例5
与实施例1相比,营养液仅包含植物营养液和甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷,未施加返青水,拔节期未追肥,孕穗期未施加叶面肥,其余过程均与实施例1相同。
实施例6
按常规栽培管理方法对小麦进行种植。
实施例7
分别按照实施例1~6所述方法培育至小麦成熟,检测每亩小麦产量,以及小麦的发芽率、存活率,其结果见表1。
表1小麦指标检测
检测项 | 发芽率(%) | 存活率(%) | 每亩产量(kg) |
实施例1 | 98.00 | 98.33 | 550 |
实施例2 | 91.67 | 97.33 | 538 |
实施例3 | 96.00 | 98.00 | 556 |
实施例4 | 78.33 | 65.00 | 465 |
实施例5 | 86.00 | 80.00 | 424 |
实施例6 | 89.00 | 74.67 | 415 |
由表1数据可知,实施例1~3培育得到的小麦的产量均优于实施例4~6,与常规的种植方法相比,增产29.6~34.0%,由此说明,只有在本发明方法和试剂的配合下,才能培育得到的抗逆性强,产量高的小麦。
Claims (9)
1.一种高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对有机质含量为1.8~2.5%的种植地进行灌溉、浇透,待灌溉4~6天后对其进行第一次深耕,并以2000~3000kg/亩的用量施加底肥;所述底肥包括以下重量份的组分:农家肥30~35份、氮肥50~55份、磷肥15~20份、硫酸钾32~35份、微生物肥5~9份、多效唑5~8份、氯氰菊酯3~5份、过磷酸钙20~30份与水;
(2)以25~30cm的深度对施加底肥的种植地进行第二次深耕,然后再覆膜2~3天;
(3)将小麦种子置于浓硫酸中浸种5~10min,取出消毒,洗净后晾干;
(4)将经步骤(3)处理后的小麦种子置于调节液中,于24~30℃继续浸泡20~30h;所述调节液包括甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液;其中,甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液的重量比为0.2~1:0.5~1.5:0.05~0.2:0.5~1;
(5)将步骤(4)所得种子置于营养液中,于4~10℃、1100~1400Lux培育至其发芽;
(6)将发芽后的小麦苗移栽至种植地中,浇返青水并施加追肥,所述返青水包括复合维生素、无机盐和水;其中,复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为5~10:0.1~1.0:100;
(7)在拔节期时,土壤持水量为10~12cm并追肥;所述肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮50~55份、五氧化二磷15~25份、硼0.8~1.0份和氧化镁10~12份;
(8)在孕穗期时,对小麦喷洒叶面肥,每隔7~10天喷洒一次,共喷洒三次;所述叶面肥包括重量比为0.1~0.2:0.02~0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水;
(9)其后按常规管理,直至小麦成熟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述甜菜碱、2,6二氯异烟酸、6,7-二羟基香豆素以及玉米花粉液的重量比为0.2:0.5:0.08:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述调节液还包括占其重量8~15%的混合液;所述混合液包括重量比为0.5~1:0.5~1:1~1.5的阿魏酸、没食子酸和绿原酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述玉米花粉液的制备方法为:
于-20~-10℃冷冻玉米花粉5~10h后,将其置于50~80℃的水中搅拌均匀,冷却至室温即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述营养液包括植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷;其中,植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷的体积比为1.2~1.5:0.4~0.5:0.5~0.6。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,所述植物营养液、脱落酸以及甲硫基异戊烯基腺苷的体积比为1.2:0.5:0.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述复合维生素、无机盐和水的重量比为10:1.0:100。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中所述肥料包括以下重量份的组分:氮55份、五氧化二磷15份、硼0.8份和氧化镁12份。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高产小麦的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(8)中所述叶面肥包括重量比为0.1:0.06:100的磷酸二氢钾、草木灰和水。
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