CN110224503B - Wireless energy transmission device based on capacitive half-bridge inverter and energy transmission control method - Google Patents
Wireless energy transmission device based on capacitive half-bridge inverter and energy transmission control methodInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic induction wireless energy transmission, in particular to a wireless energy transmission device and an energy transmission control method based on a capacitive half-bridge inverter; the power supply comprises a capacitive half-bridge inverter, a power supply UDC, a loosely coupled transformer T, a controller and a load R; the capacitive half-bridge inverter consists of a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a capacitor Cp, a voltage sensor V and a current sensor I; the switching tube S1 is provided with a control electrode g1, the switching tube S2 is provided with a control electrode g2, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 respectively correspond to a parasitic diode D1 and a diode D2, the drain electrode of the switching tube S1 is used as a power input positive electrode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, the source electrode of the switching tube S2 is used as a power input negative electrode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, one end of the capacitor Cp is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube S1, the device completely decouples a direct current power supply from a resonant network, and the problem of frequency constraint between the inductive coupling wireless energy transmission converter and a resonant tank is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic induction wireless energy transmission, in particular to a wireless energy transmission device and an energy transmission control method based on a capacitive half-bridge inverter; the method is mainly applied to induction wireless energy transmission, is particularly suitable for application fields of induction heating, electric automobiles, robots, underwater electric energy transmission and the like which are not suitable for contact type electric energy transmission, and can also be applied to AC-DC converters.
Background
Commonly used electrical energy transfer is typically from a power source to a powered device via an electrical conductor contact fastening device or contact plug. However, due to the existence of the contact resistor, some problems are inevitably caused in the transmission process of the electric energy, and particularly in some special occasions, the problems of poor transmission, overheating combustion and the like of the contact type electric energy transmission can occur. Therefore, wireless energy charging is required in many environmental situations (e.g., dust, moisture, underwater) and for many special purposes (e.g., powering mobile devices, charging electric vehicles). A plurality of wireless energy transmission methods, such as microwave, laser, ultrasonic, electromagnetic induction coupling and other wireless energy transmission methods, are proposed at home and abroad. Among these methods, inductively coupled wireless energy transfer has evolved the fastest. The inductive coupling wireless energy transmission is based on the electromagnetic inductive coupling principle: the electric energy is converted into high-frequency alternating current through a converter to drive the primary coil, the high-frequency alternating current generates alternating magnetic field energy in the primary coil, and the magnetic field energy is coupled to the secondary coil through electromagnetic coupling; in the secondary coil, the magnetic field energy is converted into high frequency alternating current and sent to a load. The inductive coupling wireless energy transmission is a typical loose coupling energy transmission system because a larger distance exists between the primary coils and magnetic lines of force are free of magnetic core constraint to generate a large amount of magnetic leakage. The transmission efficiency is quite low compared to a tightly coupled energy transmission system (transformer electrical energy transmission system). Therefore, the primary problem to be solved by inductively coupled infinite energy transfer is the problem of low transfer efficiency. The low transmission efficiency causes a large amount of reactive power in the energy transmission system, generates bus circulation and increases bus power supply capacity; the presence of a large amount of leakage flux causes an increase in electrical stress, increases the difficulty in selecting switching devices, and reduces the stability of the system.
The resonance compensation method can solve the problems of large magnetic leakage and large reactive power. Document "Advanced modeling of a 2-kw series-series resonating inductive charger for real electric vehicle,"Vehicular Technology IEEE Transactions on,vol.64, no.2,pp.421-430,Feb 2015" proposes a design scheme of wireless charging of an electric automobile, which adopts a resonant network to compensate reactive power of a primary stage and a secondary stage respectively, and solves a plurality of problems of a loosely coupled wireless energy transmission system to a certain extent. However, the greatest problem of this method is that the transducer must resonate with the resonant tank, and since the relationship between the primary coil and the secondary coil is very complex, the resonant frequency of the resonant tank is always changed in practical use, and it is difficult to achieve the resonance between the transducer and the resonant tank, and how to maintain the resonance between the transducer and the resonant tank has been a problem of the scholars. Literature "Determining the variable inductance range for an LCL wireless power pick-up,2007 IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits,Tainan,2007,pp.489-492"、"Self-Tuning Power Supply for Inductive Charging,"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,May 2017, vol.32,no.5,pp.3467-3479" adopts a method of variable inductance and variable capacitance to try to dynamically maintain the resonance frequency of a resonant tank to be stable, and ensures that the working frequency of a converter and the resonant tank is unchanged; the literature on research on energy injection control method of inductive electric energy transmission system, university of electronic technology, vol.40No.1, month 1 in 2011, pp:69-72 divides the connection between the converter and the resonant tank into two working modes of energy injection and free resonance. Many measures improve the coordination of the frequency of the converter and the resonant tank to a certain extent, but the constraint that the frequency of the converter and the resonant tank of the resonant network must be consistent still exists, and the practical application of the inductively coupled wireless energy transmission is still not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inductively coupled wireless energy transmission device and an energy transmission control method, wherein in the working process of the device, a direct current power supply and a resonant network are completely decoupled, so that the working frequency of the device does not need to be kept consistent with a resonant tank, and the problem of frequency constraint between an inductively coupled wireless energy transmission converter and the resonant tank is solved.
The wireless energy transmission device based on the capacitive half-bridge inverter consists of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, a power supply UDC, a loose coupling transformer T, a controller and a load R; the capacitive half-bridge inverter consists of a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a capacitor Cp, a voltage sensor V and a current sensor I; the switching tube S1 is provided with a control electrode g1, the switching tube S2 is provided with a control electrode g2, the switching tube corresponding to each control electrode is turned on or off, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 respectively correspond to a parasitic diode D1 and a parasitic diode D2, the drain electrode of the switching tube S1 is used as a power input positive electrode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, the source electrode of the switching tube S2 is used as a power input negative electrode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, one end of a capacitor Cp is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube S1, the other end of the capacitor Cp is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, one input end of a voltage sensor V is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S1, the other end of the voltage sensor V is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, one end of the current sensor is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, the other end of the current sensor is used as the output end Uo+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter;
The power supply UDC is provided with an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is connected with a power supply input anode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, and the cathode is connected with a power supply input cathode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter;
the loose coupling transformer T consists of a primary inductor L1 and a secondary inductor L2, wherein two ends of the primary inductor L1 are connected with an output end Uo+ and an output end Uo-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, and two ends of the secondary inductor L2 are connected with two ends of a load R;
The controller is provided with an input end Vin, an input end Iin, an output end g1 and an output end g2; the input end Vin receives the detection signal sent from the voltage sensor V, the input end Iin receives the detection signal sent from the current sensor I, and the controller respectively forms control signals of the output end g1 and the output end g2 according to the amplitude and the phase physical information of the signals and respectively corresponds to the control electrode g1 and the control electrode g2 of the switching tube.
The primary inductor L1 and the secondary inductor L2 form a magnetic coupling channel through a coupling coefficient k, and energy in the primary inductor is sent to the secondary.
The switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 are transistors, field effect transistors or IGBT tubes.
The load R is the equivalent input resistance of rectifying equipment, the equivalent input resistance of electronic equipment or the equivalent resistance of a heater.
The wireless energy transmission control method based on the capacitive half-bridge inverter is characterized in that the capacitive half-bridge inverter is controlled by a controller to form the following working modes, and the following working modes periodically and sequentially appear according to different working modes according to a certain combination sequence: the energy injection mode, the resonance mode and the cut-off mode, and the output voltage, the current and the power are regulated by changing the proportion of the duration time of each mode;
1) In an energy injection mode, the switching tube S2 is conducted, the switching tube S1 is turned off, under the mode, the primary inductor L1 of the loose coupling transformer is connected with the power supply UDC, the inductor current is increased in the forward direction, the power supply UDC inputs energy to the loose coupling transformer in the forward direction, and a part of energy is sent to the secondary inductor L2 through magnetic coupling;
2) In a resonance mode, the switching tube S1 is conducted, the switching tube S2 is turned off, in the mode, the primary inductor L1 of the loose coupling transformer is disconnected with the power supply UDC and is connected with the capacitor Cp, the inductor L1 and the capacitor Cp form a resonance groove, energy in the loose coupling transformer resonates in the primary inductor L1 and the capacitor Cp, and part of energy is continuously transmitted to the secondary inductor L2 through magnetic coupling;
3) In the off mode, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 are all turned off, and in this mode, the primary inductance L1 of the loosely coupled transformer is disconnected from the power supply UDC and the capacitor Cp, and the energy remaining in the loosely coupled transformer is stored in the capacitor Cp as electric field energy.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The energy transmission process is divided into energy injection and resonance, and three modes are cut off. In the energy injection mode, the primary inductor is separated from the resonance capacitor and is independently connected with a power supply to perform energy injection; in the resonance mode, the primary inductor is separated from the power supply and connected with the capacitor to form a resonance groove for resonance. The two-stage wireless energy transmission method can completely separate the power supply from the resonant tank, and solves the problems of complex coupling state and easy detuning between the converter and the resonant tank in the process of carrying out inductive coupling wireless energy transmission by utilizing resonance compensation.
2. A capacitive half-bridge inverter is formed by two switching tubes and a capacitor, and the structure isolates a converter, a primary inductor and a resonant capacitor in an inductively coupled wireless energy transmission system from each other through the two switching tubes. When the system works, the system can work in working modes such as energy injection, resonance and cut-off respectively by controlling the on-off time sequence of the switching tube. Because the energy injection and the resonance mode are mutually independent in time, the coupling between the power supply and the resonance tank is thoroughly decoupled, and the constraint problem that the frequency of the converter and the frequency of the resonance tank are required to be consistent is fundamentally solved.
3. By varying the ratio of the durations of the individual modes, the output voltage, current and power can be adjusted to improve efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit topology of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an energy injection mode according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a resonance injection mode according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cut-off injection mode according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an operation mode of the wireless energy transmission control according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Referring to fig. 1, a wireless energy transmission device based on a capacitive half-bridge inverter is composed of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1), a power supply UDC (2), a loosely coupled transformer T (3), a controller (4) and a load R (5); the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1) consists of a switching tube S1 (10), a switching tube S2 (11), a capacitor Cp (12), a voltage sensor V (13) and a current sensor I (14); the switching tube S1 (10) is provided with a control electrode g1, the switching tube S2 (11) is provided with a control electrode g2, the switching tube corresponding to each control electrode is turned on or off through control, the switching tube S1 (10) and the switching tube S2 (11) respectively correspond to a parasitic diode D1 (100) and a diode D2 (101), the drain electrode of the switching tube S1 (10) is used as a power supply input positive electrode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1), the source electrode of the switching tube S2 (11) is used as a power supply input negative electrode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1), one end of the capacitor Cp (12) is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube S1 (10), the other end of the capacitor Cp (12) is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2 (11), one input end of the voltage sensor V (13) is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S1 (10), the other end of the voltage sensor V (13) is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2 (11), and one end of the current sensor (14) is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2 (11), and the other end of the current sensor (14) is used as the output end Uo+ of the switching tube (1).
The power supply UDC (2) is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is connected with a power supply input positive electrode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1), and the negative electrode is connected with a power supply input negative electrode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1).
The loose coupling transformer T (3) is composed of a primary inductor L1 (30) and a secondary inductor L2 (31), two ends of the primary inductor L1 (30) are connected with an output end Uo+ and an output end Uo-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1), and two ends of the secondary inductor L2 (31) are connected with two ends of the load R (5).
The controller (4) is provided with an input end Vin, a V (40) and an input end Iin in the drawing, an I (41), an output end g1 and an output end g2 in the drawing; the input end Vin (40) receives the detection signal sent from the voltage sensor V (13), the input end Iin (41) receives the detection signal sent from the current sensor I (14), the controller (4) respectively forms control signals of the output end g1 and the output end g2 according to the amplitude and the phase physical information of the signals, and the control signals respectively correspond to the control electrode g1 and the control electrode g2 of the switching tube and are respectively in an energy injection mode, a resonance mode and a cut-off mode under the control of the controller.
The primary inductor L1 (30) and the secondary inductor L2 (31) form a magnetic coupling channel through a coupling coefficient k, and energy in the primary inductor is sent to the secondary.
The switching tube S1 (10) and the switching tube S2 (11) are transistors, field effect transistors or IGBT tubes.
The load R (5) is a rectifying device equivalent input resistor, an electronic device equivalent input resistor or a heater equivalent resistor.
Referring to fig. 5, the wireless energy transmission control method based on the capacitive half-bridge inverter is that the capacitive half-bridge inverter (1) forms the following working modes under the control of the controller (4), and the following working modes periodically and sequentially appear according to different working modes according to a certain combination sequence: the forward energy injection mode, the resonance mode and the cut-off mode, and the output voltage, the current and the power are regulated by changing the proportion of the duration of each mode.
1) In the energy injection mode, the switching tube S2 (11) is turned on, the switching tube S1 (10) is turned off, in the mode, the primary inductor L1 (30) of the loose coupling transformer is connected with the power supply UDC (2), the inductor current is increased in the forward direction, the power supply UDC (2) inputs energy to the loose coupling transformer in the forward direction, and part of energy is transmitted to the secondary inductor L2 (31) through magnetic coupling.
2) In the resonance mode, the switching tube S1 (10) is turned on, the switching tube S2 (11) is turned off, in this mode, the primary inductance L1 (30) of the loose coupling transformer is disconnected from the power supply UDC (2) and is connected with the capacitor Cp (12), the inductance L1 and the capacitor Cp (12) form a resonance groove, energy in the loose coupling transformer forms resonance in the primary inductance L1 (30) and the capacitor Cp (12), and part of energy is continuously transmitted to the secondary inductance L2 (31) through magnetic coupling.
3) In the off mode, the switching tube S1 (10) and the switching tube S2 (11) are all turned off, and in this mode, the primary inductance L1 (30) of the loosely coupled transformer is disconnected from both the power supply UDC (2) and the capacitor Cp (12), and the energy remaining in the loosely coupled transformer is stored in the capacitor Cp (12) as electric field energy.
Fig. 2, 3 and 4 are schematic views of the device in an energy injection mode, a resonance mode and a cut-off mode, respectively. For the sake of clarity in the operation of the present solution, the devices and circuits in operation (with current flowing) are indicated by thick solid lines, the devices and circuits not in operation (without current flowing) are indicated by thin dashed lines, and the directions of the arrows in the lines indicate the directions of current flow.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy injection modality. In this mode, the output terminal g2 of the controller outputs a signal, the output terminal g1 does not output a signal, the primary inductor L1 (30) is connected to the power supply UDC (2) through the switching tube S2 (11), and the power supply injects energy into the primary coil L1, and at this time, a part of the energy is transferred to the secondary.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a resonance mode. In the mode, the output end g1 of the controller outputs a signal, the output end g2 does not output a signal, and the primary inductor L1 (30) is connected with the capacitor Cp (12) through the switch tube S1 (10) to form a resonant tank; the mode power supply is completely isolated from the resonant tank, the system starts to resonate, current flows bidirectionally, and energy continues to be transmitted to the secondary.
Fig. 4 shows a cut-off mode, in which no signal is output from the output end g1 and the output end g2 of the mode controller, the primary inductor L1 (30) is completely isolated from the power supply UDC (2) and the capacitor, the system residual energy is stored in the capacitor Cp (12) in the form of an electric field, the primary inductor L1 current is 0, and the energy transmission to the secondary stage is stopped; by varying the ratio of the durations of the modes, the output voltage, current and power are adjusted and the cut-off mode can be eliminated.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the energy transmission process is divided into energy injection and resonance, and three modes are cut off. In the energy injection mode, the primary inductor is separated from the resonance capacitor and is independently connected with a power supply to perform energy injection; in the resonance mode, the primary inductor is separated from the power supply and connected with the capacitor to form a resonance groove for resonance. The two-stage wireless energy transmission method can completely separate the power supply from the resonant tank, and solves the problems of complex coupling state and easy detuning between the converter and the resonant tank in the process of carrying out inductive coupling wireless energy transmission by utilizing resonance compensation. 2. A capacitive half-bridge inverter is formed by two switching tubes and a capacitor, and the structure isolates a converter, a primary inductor and a resonant capacitor in an inductively coupled wireless energy transmission system from each other through the two switching tubes. When the system works, the system can work in working modes such as energy injection, resonance and cut-off respectively by controlling the on-off time sequence of the switching tube. Because the energy injection and the resonance mode are mutually independent in time, the coupling between the power supply and the resonance tank is thoroughly decoupled, and the constraint problem that the frequency of the converter and the frequency of the resonance tank are required to be consistent is fundamentally solved. 3. By varying the ratio of the durations of the individual modes, the output voltage, current and power can be adjusted to improve efficiency.
Claims (4)
1. Wireless energy transmission device based on capacitive half-bridge inverter, its characterized in that: the power supply comprises a capacitive half-bridge inverter, a power supply UDC, a loosely coupled transformer T, a controller and a load R; the capacitive half-bridge inverter consists of a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a capacitor Cp, a voltage sensor V and a current sensor I; the switching tube S1 is provided with a control electrode g1, the switching tube S2 is provided with a control electrode g2, the switching tube corresponding to each control electrode is turned on or off, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 respectively correspond to a parasitic diode D1 and a parasitic diode D2, the drain electrode of the switching tube S1 is used as a power input positive electrode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, the source electrode of the switching tube S2 is used as a power input negative electrode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, one end of a capacitor Cp is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube S1, the other end of the capacitor Cp is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, one input end of a voltage sensor V is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S1, the other end of the voltage sensor V is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, one end of the current sensor is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S2, the other end of the current sensor is used as the output end Uo+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter; the power supply UDC is provided with an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is connected with a power supply input anode Uin+ of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, and the cathode is connected with a power supply input cathode Uin-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter; the loose coupling transformer T consists of a primary inductor L1 and a secondary inductor L2, wherein two ends of the primary inductor L1 are connected with an output end Uo+ and an output end Uo-of the capacitive half-bridge inverter, two ends of the secondary inductor L2 are connected with two ends of a load R, the primary inductor L1 and the secondary inductor L2 form a magnetic coupling channel through a coupling coefficient k, and energy in the primary inductor is transmitted to a secondary; the controller is provided with an input end Vin, an input end Iin, an output end g1 and an output end g2; the input end Vin receives the detection signal sent from the voltage sensor V, the input end Iin receives the detection signal sent from the current sensor I, and the controller respectively forms control signals of the output end g1 and the output end g2 according to the amplitude and the phase physical information of the signals and respectively corresponds to the control electrode g1 and the control electrode g2 of the switching tube.
2. The capacitive half-bridge inverter-based wireless energy transfer device of claim 1, wherein: the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 are transistors, field effect transistors or IGBT tubes.
3. The capacitive half-bridge inverter-based wireless energy transfer device of claim 1, wherein: the load R is the equivalent input resistance of rectifying equipment, the equivalent input resistance of electronic equipment or the equivalent resistance of a heater.
4. A transmission control method of the capacitive half-bridge inverter-based wireless energy transmission device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized by: under the control of a controller, the capacitive half-bridge inverter forms the following working modes, and the following working modes periodically and sequentially appear according to a certain combination sequence: the energy injection mode, the resonance mode and the cut-off mode, and the output voltage, the current and the power are regulated by changing the proportion of the duration time of each mode;
1) In an energy injection mode, the switching tube S2 is conducted, the switching tube S1 is turned off, under the mode, the primary inductor L1 of the loose coupling transformer is connected with the power supply UDC, the inductor current is increased in the forward direction, the power supply UDC inputs energy to the loose coupling transformer in the forward direction, and a part of energy is sent to the secondary inductor L2 through magnetic coupling;
2) In a resonance mode, the switching tube S1 is conducted, the switching tube S2 is turned off, in the mode, the primary inductor L1 of the loose coupling transformer is disconnected with the power supply UDC and is connected with the capacitor Cp, the inductor L1 and the capacitor Cp form a resonance groove, energy in the loose coupling transformer resonates in the primary inductor L1 and the capacitor Cp, and part of energy is continuously transmitted to the secondary inductor L2 through magnetic coupling;
3) In the off mode, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S2 are all turned off, and in this mode, the primary inductance L1 of the loosely coupled transformer is disconnected from the power supply UDC and the capacitor Cp, and the energy remaining in the loosely coupled transformer is stored in the capacitor Cp as electric field energy.
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