CN110222586A - A kind of calculating of depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database - Google Patents
A kind of calculating of depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of calculating of depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database.Method includes the following steps: step 1: being classified using spectral signature to building remote sensing images and extract shadow information, divide the straight line on sun projecting direction using shadow vectors figure, to calculate building effects length: step 2: calculating depth of building according to shadow length；And step 3: picture smooth treatment is carried out to building remote sensing images, by treated, image progress edge detection is connected with edge, and shade and vegetation are removed, building target is then extracted using region recognition, and vector quantization is carried out to obtain contour of building plan view to image；By handling individual satellite remote sensing images, and the method for carrying out depth of building and contours extract have it is easy to operate, quickly and efficiently, the relatively high advantage of extraction accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the computing technique field of depth of building, in particular to the calculating of a kind of depth of building and city
The method for building up of morphological parameters database.
Background technique
With the fast development of remote sensing technology, high-resolution remote sensing image can identify smaller ground object target, atural object mesh
What target institutional framework can be also more clear reflects.For the cities important composition such as building, road, water body and greenery patches
Part, people can more easily observe its structure by remote sensing image, for the development in the fields such as three-dimensional drawing, urban planning
Data source is provided.Comparative maturity extracted for the remote sensing images in greenery patches and water body at present, and building and road due to
It extracts that difficulty is larger to the complexity of its structure, high-volume depth of building and profile in existing research city relatively difficult to achieve
It extracts, and constructs corresponding building Three-dimensional Numeric Map.
In addition, in the fields such as weather monitoring and environmental monitoring, building information is also highly important.With the day of nature
Right vegetation is different, and the variation in city due to road, building and mankind's activity will form a kind of new canopy --- city
City's canopy.In city canopy, skyscraper and higher site coverage increase earth's surface roughness, road surface, building
There are larger difference, these factors can all influence the meteorological of city and become for the albedo on object wall and roof and natural vegetation canopy
Change.City canopy is for the change of wind speed and urban heat land effect and then can impact to the diffusion of atmosphere pollution, into
And change the air quality in city.In weather monitoring field, common City-scale meteorologic model needs high-resolution city
City's morphological parameters are as input data, such as building height, construction area.American National geography establishes description Hughes at present
Pause and waits NUDAPT (National Urban Data and Access Portal Tool) the urban morphology parameter in 44 cities
Database, the WRF model for being established as City-scale and other urban meteorological models of the database, atmospheric quality models and
Climate model system provides the urban morphology parameter of fine-resolution meshes as input data.The country is joined by urban morphology
The relevant research of number database is less, not can be applied to the urban morphology parameter number of the urban meteorological model of Chinese city
According to library.Therefore, the method for building up of the calculating and urban morphology parameter database of inventing a kind of depth of building solves above-mentioned ask
It inscribes necessary.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide building for a kind of calculating of depth of building and urban morphology parameter database
Cube method, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided calculating and the urban morphology parameter database of a kind of depth of building
Method for building up, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: classifying to building remote sensing images using spectral signature and extracts shadow information, is sweared using shade
Spirogram divides the straight line on sun projecting direction, to calculate building effects length:
Step 2: depth of building is calculated according to shadow length；And
Step 3: carrying out picture smooth treatment to building remote sensing images, will treated image carry out edge detection and
Edge connection, and removes shade and vegetation, then extracts building target using region recognition, and to image carry out vector quantization with
Obtain contour of building plan view；
Wherein, step 3 further includes matching contour of building plan view and the depth of building data of extraction, with
Obtain the high-resolution three-dimensional building map in city.
According to one embodiment, the calculating of the depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, also
Including pair Step 1: the calculated depth of building of institute carries out the foundation of urban morphology parameter database in step 2 and step 3.
According to one embodiment, wherein step 1 further include to building remote sensing images carry out picture enhancing processing, and
To through picture enhancing, treated that building remote sensing images are classified, wherein picture enhancing processing includes very color using enhancing
Color fusion method carries out visual fusion, carries out natural colour variation to fusion evaluation, and carry out linear stretch, color balance, saturation
Degree, setting contrast.
According to one embodiment, calculating depth of building according to shadow length includes:
When the sun and satellite are located at building the same side, depth of building are as follows:
And when the sun and satellite are located at building two sides, depth of building are as follows:
H=L2*tanβ；
Wherein: L2For the visible shade height of building remote sensing images；
α is elevation of satellite；
β is solar elevation.
According to one embodiment, to building remote sensing images carry out picture smooth treatment include to building remote sensing images into
Column hisgram equalization and filtering processing.
According to one embodiment, the calculating of the depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, also
It include: to measure to post-process the building target of extraction with region segmentation using feature.
According to one embodiment, the foundation of urban morphology parameter database includes: to establish 1km* based on three-dimensional building map
The grid of 1km resolution ratio, to calculate urban morphology parameter.
According to one embodiment, urban morphology parameter includes the average building height in each grid, and described average
Building height calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
Hi is the building height of i-th of building；
N is the quantity of all buildings in net region.
According to one embodiment, the urban morphology parameter includes that Area-weighted in each grid is averaged building height,
The Area-weighted building height calculation formula that is averaged is as follows:
Wherein:
Ai is i-th of architectural plane area.
According to one embodiment, the urban morphology parameter includes the building height standard deviation in each grid, described
Building height standard deviation calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
H is average building height.
According to one embodiment, the urban morphology parameter includes the architectural plane area fraction in each grid, described
Architectural plane area fraction calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
ApFor architectural plane areas all in net region；
ATFor the net region gross area.
According to one embodiment, the urban morphology parameter includes building surface area and planning area in each grid
Than the building surface area and planning area are as follows than calculation formula:
Wherein:
ARFor owned building roof area in net region；
AWFor owned building not horizontally planar surface area in net region.
According to one embodiment, the urban morphology parameter includes the building height distribution histogram in each grid, institute
The calculation method for stating building height distribution histogram is as follows:
Since earth's surface 0m, with 5m group away from for interval 15 sections of setting, until highest 75m, each net is then calculated
All representative fractions built in 15 sections in lattice region, to obtain building height distribution histogram, wherein be greater than 75m
Building calculated with 75m.
Technical effect and advantage of the invention:
1, the present invention is by handling individual satellite remote sensing images, and the method for carrying out depth of building and contours extract has
It is easy to operate, quickly and efficiently, the relatively high advantage of extraction accuracy；
2, by the present invention in that with different satellite remote sensing images can obtain large batch of urban architecture altitude information and
They are thought that matching can construct city three-dimensional building map later by contour of building figure；
The present invention is based on city three-dimensional building maps to establish the grid of certain resolution, and calculates the city in each grid
City's morphological parameters, while urban morphology parameter database is established, which can be applied to other advanced urban meteorologicals such as WRF
In the systems such as model, atmospheric quality models and climate model.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system framework figure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that step 1 supervised classification of the present invention extracts building effects case diagram.
Fig. 3 is that step 1 building effects of the present invention extract post-processing case diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the step 2 sun of the present invention and satellite are located at building the same side scene figure.
Fig. 5 is that the step 2 sun of the present invention and satellite are located at building two sides scene figure.
Fig. 6 is that step 3 contour of building dope vectorization of the present invention extracts case diagram.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Firstly, it illustrates the calculating of depth of building according to the present invention and urban morphology parameter databases with reference to Fig. 1
Method for building up block diagram.The present invention pre-processes high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, and is classified using spectral signature
Method extracts building effects, and eliminating the disturbing factors such as tiny figure spot influences and calculate building effects length；Satellite is combined later
The corresponding solar elevation of remote sensing images and elevation of satellite calculate depth of building；Then satellite remote sensing images are subjected to edge
Change the operations acquisition contour of building plan view such as detection, edge connection, shade and vegetation removal, region recognition, image vector；
Finally contour of building plan view and depth of building data are matched, establish three-dimensional building map；And based on upper
Three building maps are stated, the grid of 1km*1km resolution ratio is established, calculate average building height in each grid, Area-weighted
Average building height, building height standard deviation, architectural plane area fraction, building surface area and planning area ratio, building
The urban morphologies parameter such as height distribution histogram establishes urban morphology parameter database finally by urban morphology parameter is calculated.
Steps are as follows for its specific method for building up:
Step 1: building effects in satellite remote sensing images are extracted:
High-resolution satellite remote sensing images are subjected to picture enhancing processing, image is carried out using enhanced true-color fusion method method
Fusion carries out natural colour variation to fusion evaluation, forms the natural colour image almost the same with atural object, tone, and carry out
Linear stretch, color balance, saturation degree, setting contrast.
Image classification is carried out using spectral signature classification to processed satellite remote sensing images, most using supervised classification
Maximum-likelihood classification method extracts shadow information, by taking the building remote sensing image on Tsinghua University Environmental Studies Institute and periphery as an example, uses
The above method is handled, as a result as shown in Figure 2.
Later, sorted image is post-processed, setting area-limit eliminates the tiny spot for being scattered, isolating, knot
Fruit is as shown in Figure 3.
The building effects of extraction are finally subjected to vector quantization, divide the sun using obtained building effects polar plot
Straight line on projecting direction, to calculate building effects length.
Step 2: depth of building extracts: two kinds of scenes are divided by the method that shadow length calculates depth of building:
(1) sun and satellite are located at building the same side:
As shown in figure 4, visible dash area can be blocked by building itself on satellite remote sensing images, therefore satellite is distant
Sense image shines upon angle where the shade of building generation subtracts satellite as schemed upper visible shade height in real life
The shade that degree irradiation building generates；And above-mentioned shadow length is deposited with depth of building, elevation of satellite, solar elevation
It is contacting, therefore the shadow length on remote sensing images can be measured, searching remote sensing images Satellite elevation angle and solar elevation
Numerical value, inverse goes out depth of building, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
The visible shade height of satellite remote sensing images are as follows:
Depth of building are as follows:
Wherein: α is elevation of satellite；
β is solar elevation.
(2) sun and satellite are located at building two sides:
As shown in figure 5, visible dash area will not be blocked by building itself on satellite remote sensing images, therefore satellite
It is consistent that the shadow length of building generation is shined upon on remote sensing images in visible shade height and real life；And it is above-mentioned
Depth of building is related to shadow length and solar elevation, therefore can measure the shadow length on remote sensing images, searches distant
Feel the numerical value of solar elevation in image, inverse goes out depth of building, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
The visible shade height of satellite remote sensing images are as follows:
Depth of building are as follows:
H=L2*tanβ；
Wherein: α is elevation of satellite；
β is solar elevation.
Step 3: contour of building dope vectorization is extracted:
As shown in fig. 6, being defended by taking the building remote sensing image on Tsinghua University Environmental Studies Institute and periphery as an example by high-resolution
Star remote sensing images carry out histogram equalization and filtering processing to original image carry out picture smooth treatment, removal picture noise and
Other isolated point, and set a gray scale limit value, filtration fraction disturbing factor；
By treated, image progress edge detection is connected with edge, is set using normalized differential vegetation index and supervised classification
Fixed suitable threshold value removes shade and vegetation；
Later using region recognition extract building target, using feature measure and region segmentation to extract target after
Reason, finally carrying out image vector can be obtained contour of building plan view；
Contour of building plan view and the depth of building data of extraction are matched, it is high-resolution to can get city
Three-dimensional building map.
Step 4: urban morphology parameter database is established:
Pair Step 1: the calculated depth of building of institute carries out a urban morphology parameter database and builds in step 2 and step 3
It is vertical:
Based on three-dimensional building map, the grid of 1km*1km resolution ratio is established, calculates urban morphology parameter, i.e. urban morphology
Parameter includes that be averaged building height, building height standard deviation, building of average building height in each grid, Area-weighted is flat
Face area fraction, building surface area and planning area than, building height distribution histogram relevant parameter, finally by calculating
Urban morphology parameter establishes urban morphology parameter database, and the calculation method of urban morphology parameter is as follows:
The average building height calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
Hi is the building height of i-th of building；
N is the quantity of all buildings in net region；
The Area-weighted building height calculation formula that is averaged is as follows:
Wherein:
Ai is i-th of architectural plane area；
The building height standard deviation calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
H is average building height；
The architectural plane area fraction calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
ApFor architectural plane areas all in net region；
ATFor the net region gross area；
The building surface area and planning area are as follows than calculation formula:
Wherein:
ARFor owned building roof area in net region；
AWFor owned building not horizontally planar surface area (such as wall) in net region；
The calculation method of the building height distribution histogram is as follows:
Since earth's surface 0m, with 5m group away from for interval 15 sections of setting, until highest 75m, each net is then calculated
All representative fractions built in 15 sections in lattice region, to obtain building height distribution histogram；
Wherein, the building greater than 75m is calculated with 75m.
According to another embodiment, the calculation method of depth of building of the invention is not limited solely to carry out building
It calculates, can equally be well applied to the calculating at the calculating and each steep cliff dilapidated walls of each mountain peak height on mountain range, here just not one by one
Be described in detail.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features,
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of calculating of depth of building and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: classifying to building remote sensing images using spectral signature and extracts shadow information, uses shadow vectors figure
Divide the straight line on sun projecting direction, to calculate building effects length:
Step 2: depth of building is calculated according to shadow length；And
Step 3: carrying out picture smooth treatment to building remote sensing images, and by treated, image carries out edge detection and edge
Connection, and shade and vegetation are removed, building target is then extracted using region recognition, and vector quantization is carried out to obtain to image
Contour of building plan view；
Wherein, step 3 further includes matching contour of building plan view and the depth of building data of extraction, to obtain
The high-resolution three-dimensional building map in city.
2. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 1 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is, further includes: pair Step 1: the calculated depth of building of institute carries out urban morphology parameter number in step 2 and step 3
It is established according to library.
3. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 1 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is,
Wherein, step 1 further include to building remote sensing images carry out picture enhancing processing, and to through picture enhancing processing after
Building remote sensing images classify,
Wherein, picture enhancing processing includes carrying out visual fusion using enhanced true-color fusion method method, carries out nature to fusion evaluation
Color change, and carry out linear stretch, color balance, saturation degree, setting contrast.
4. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 1 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that calculating depth of building according to shadow length includes:
When the sun and satellite are located at building the same side, depth of building are as follows:
And when the sun and satellite are located at building two sides, depth of building are as follows:
H=L2*tanβ；
Wherein: L2For the visible shade height of building remote sensing images；
α is elevation of satellite；
β is solar elevation.
5. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 1 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is, wherein it includes equal to building remote sensing images progress histogram for carrying out picture smooth treatment to building remote sensing images
Weighing apparatusization and filtering processing.
6. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 5 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is, further includes: is measured using feature and region segmentation post-processes the building target of extraction.
7. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 2 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that the foundation of urban morphology parameter database includes: to establish the grid of 1km*1km resolution ratio based on three-dimensional building map, with
Calculate urban morphology parameter.
8. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is, urban morphology parameter includes the average building height in each grid, and the average building height calculation formula
It is as follows:
Wherein:
Hi is the building height of i-th of building；
N is the quantity of all buildings in net region.
9. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is, the urban morphology parameter includes that Area-weighted in each grid is averaged building height, and the Area-weighted is average
Building height calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
Ai is i-th of architectural plane area.
10. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that the urban morphology parameter includes the building height standard deviation in each grid, the building height standard deviation
Calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
H is average building height.
11. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that the urban morphology parameter includes the architectural plane area fraction in each grid, the architectural plane area fraction
Calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein:
ApFor architectural plane areas all in net region；
ATFor the net region gross area.
12. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that the urban morphology parameter includes building surface area and planning area ratio in each grid, the building surface
Area and planning area are as follows than calculation formula:
Wherein:
ARFor owned building roof area in net region；
AWFor owned building not horizontally planar surface area in net region.
13. the calculating of depth of building according to claim 7 and the method for building up of urban morphology parameter database, special
Sign is that the urban morphology parameter includes the building height distribution histogram in each grid, and the building height distribution is straight
The calculation method of square figure is as follows:
Since earth's surface 0m, with 5m group away from for interval 15 sections of setting, until highest 75m, each grid regions are then calculated
All representative fractions built in 15 sections in domain, to obtain building height distribution histogram, wherein greater than building for 75m
It builds and is calculated with 75m.
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