CN110221319A - A kind of anti-deception measures of AIS location information based on R- mode - Google Patents
A kind of anti-deception measures of AIS location information based on R- mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN110221319A CN110221319A CN201910443871.3A CN201910443871A CN110221319A CN 110221319 A CN110221319 A CN 110221319A CN 201910443871 A CN201910443871 A CN 201910443871A CN 110221319 A CN110221319 A CN 110221319A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/21—Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service
- G01S19/215—Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service issues related to spoofing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to marine navigation fields, it is related to a kind of based on bank base distance measurement mode (Ranging Mode, R- mode) ship automatic identification system (Automatic Identification System-AIS) anti-deception measures of location information, by the way that the ranging technology at AIS ship station is migrated in AIS bank station, increase the ranging of R- mode and positioning function for AIS bank station, using by bank station voluntarily complete apart from detection pattern, and two steps of position detection mode completed by AIS bank station network center, detect the correctness for the location information that AIS ship station is sent, realize the anti-deception function of AIS location information, to prevent malice from cheating, effective guarantee navigation safety, promote water safety ability to supervise.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine navigation fields, are related to ship automatic identification system (Automatic Identification
System-AIS) the detection of location information deception, specifically proposes a kind of anti-deception side of AIS location information based on R- mode
Method.
Background technique
In order to ensure the safe navigation of ship, International Maritime Organization (International Maritime
Organization, IMO) it will positioning, navigation, time service (Position, Navigation and Timing, PNT) information conduct
The strategic foundation stone of e- navigation development.And Global Satellite Navigation System (Global Navigation Satellite System,
GNSS) it is the current most important PNT information in naval navigation field source, is AIS, electronic chart display and infor mation system
Ships station equipments such as (Electronic Chart Display and Information System, ECDIS) provides position letter
Breath.
AIS is the communication and navigation system that IMO forces bank station, ship station to be equipped with, and is ensureing navigation safety, monitoring ship boat
It is played an important role in row state procedure.But the location information in existing AIS places one's entire reliance upon GNSS.Since GNSS satellite is believed
The power that propagation loss number through long-distance reaches ground is very faint, it is easy to by interference unintentionally or intentionally and take advantage of
It deceives.For third party's tissue of the malice such as pirate, it is easy to be taken advantage of using GNSS receiver of the GNSS simulator to ship on ground
It deceives, ship GNSS receiver is made to receive the GNSS satellite signal of forgery, calculate false location information, be supplied to AIS ship
It stands use, great safety problems of navigation is brought, especially for unmanned ship.In addition, for some unique
Ship user is also readily available pseudo- GNSS location device and copys GNSS location data, false position is provided for AIS ship station equipment
Confidence breath reaches deception bank base administrative department, is engaged in the illegal operation such as smuggling and business activity.
In order to guarantee the navigation safety of ship, IMO, which advocates, increases ranging localization function, i.e. R- mode for existing AIS ship station,
As the back-up system of GNSS, when GNSS is unavailable, AIS is unlikely to paralyse.But AIS ship station does not have detection itself GNSS
The function of setting information deception is cheated especially from the malice position of ship own user.
Summary of the invention
To solve naval navigation field AIS location information fraud problem present in background technique, the present invention provides one
Kind GNSS location information anti-deception measures of the AIS bank station based on R- mode, enable bank station to find the AIS of ship falseness in time
Location information promotes water safety ability to supervise to ensure navigation safety.
The scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is: the ranging technology at existing AIS ship station migrated in AIS bank station,
Increase R- mode capabilities for AIS bank station, using the ranging and positioning function of bank station, detects the location information that AIS ship station is sent
Correctness, to realize the anti-deception function of AIS location information.Realize step of the invention are as follows:
1) apart from detection pattern
It is voluntarily completed apart from detection pattern by each bank station of reception AIS ship station signal.Bank station is according to very high frequency(VHF) signal waterborne
The dynamic change of communication environments calculates this bank station to the range of receiving D at AIS ship station.It is sent when AIS bank station receives AIS ship station
GNSS location information text when, according to AIS telegraph text content, parsing obtains the location information at AIS ship stationAnd according to
AIS telegraph signal obtains the distance between bank station and ship station d using the distance measurement function measurement of bank station R- modeM。
Firstly, comparing calculating distance and range of receiving.Using formula (1) calculate bank station between ship station at a distance from
Wherein, | | | | indicate the distance between two o'clock,The location information for indicating AIS bank station, in advance by surveying and drawing
Department accurately measures.The calculating distance d obtained according to formula (1)C, judge ship station position whether this bank station range of receiving D
It is interior, i.e.,
dC< D or | D-dC| < εB+εP (2)
Wherein, (εB+εP) it is preset thresholding, εBIndicate the uncertain factor of bank station range of receiving, εPIt indicates
The position error of GNSS.If calculating distance dCBe not inconsistent box-like (2), then it is assumed that the location information that ship station reports is untrue, bank station into
Row alarm indication, and AIS bank station network center is reported, so that administrative staff take corresponding measure.
Distance and measurement distance are calculated secondly, comparing.Such as calculate distance dCMeeting formula (2) then compares and calculates distance dCWith survey
Span is from dMBetween deviation, i.e.,
|dM-dC| < εM+εP (3)
Wherein, (εM+εB) it is preset thresholding, εMIndicate the measurement error of bank station R- mode.If measuring distance dMWith
Calculate distance dCAbove formula is not met, then it is assumed that the location information that ship station reports is untrue, and bank station carries out alarm indication.Such as dMWith dC
Meeting formula (3), then AIS bank station can give above-mentioned ship station information reporting to AIS bank station network center.
2) position detection mode
Position detection detection pattern is completed by the position detection unit of AIS bank station network center.When AIS bank station network center
After receiving the AIS ship station location data that each AIS bank station reports, in-position detection pattern is examined by the position of bank station network center
Unit is surveyed successively to detect the location information at all received AIS ship stations.
In order to improve the message capacity of AIS, existing AIS bank station covering can reach dual coverage in many cases, i.e.,
Two AIS bank stations can receive the signal at same AIS ship station simultaneously.The same AIS ship station respectively obtained according to multiple bank stations
Measured valueThe location estimation at the ship station can be calculated using optimization problem solvingMeet formula (4).
Wherein, subscript i indicates i-th of AIS bank station.
The ship station location being calculated is estimatedThe parsing of bank station network center is reported to multiple AIS bank stations
The vessel position that ship station AIS text obtainsIt is compared.It is that AIS ship station is sent since multiple AIS bank stations are received
Same AIS text, the vessel position parsed must be identical.According to formula (5), compare the ship station location estimation of calculatingWith the ship station location of parsingBetween deviation, i.e.,
Wherein, (εC+εP) it is preset thresholding, εCIndicate bank station R- Pattern localization error.If the ship station location calculatedWith the ship station location of parsingMeeting formula (5), then it is assumed that the location information that AIS ship station reports is correct, does not deposit
It is cheating.If the ship station location calculatedWith the ship station location of parsingBox-like (5) are not inconsistent it, then it is assumed that AIS ship station
The location information reported is untrue, and by position detection unit notice, AIS bank station network center carries out alarm indication, to prompt to manage
Personnel take corresponding measure, and notify related AIS bank station.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: can detect to broadcast the AIS ship in dummy location information in time using the invention
It stands, prevents malice from cheating, effective guarantee navigation safety promotes water safety ability to supervise.This method only needs as existing AIS
Bank station increase R- mode distance measurement function, for existing AIS bank station network server increase position detecting function, without additionally into
Row system is laid and maintenance, application easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is anti-deception measures process flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the present of invention scene.
201,202 be two AIS bank stations, and 213,214 be two AIS ship stations, and 220 be the AIS with position detecting function
Bank station network center, 237 be the satellite of GNSS, GNSS signal can be provided for ship station, so that the GNSS receiver at ship station resolves
Correct position is supplied to the use of AIS ship station out.245,246 be respectively the dummy location that may broadcast of AIS ship station 213.Position letter
It is specific as follows to cease anti-fraud detection processing step:
1) apart from detection pattern
It is capable of the AIS letter at taken-over vessel station 213,214 in the range of receiving of AIS bank station 201,202 in AIS ship station 213,214
Number, parse the GNSS location information broadcast at ship stationSubscript j indicates different ship stations, and j=3 indicates ship station 213, j
=4 indicate ship station 214.But when ship station 213 is cheated, false location information can be broadcast.J=5 indicates that ship station 213 is broadcast
Information at 245 false positions, j=6 indicate that information at 246 false positions is broadcast at ship station 213.
Self-position known to bank station 201,202Subscript i indicates different bank stations, calculates separately according to formula (6)
The position broadcast with ship station 213,214Between distance.
If containing true GNSS location information in the AIS text that ship station 213,214 is broadcastWithThen
Calculate distanceMust be less than AIS bank station range of receiving D, or and D deviation be less than preset thresholding (εB+εP), i.e., it is full
Sufficient formula (7).
Or
If the location information at 245 containing falseness in the AIS text that ship station 213 is broadcastDue to position 245
Not in the range of receiving D of AIS bank station 201, then bank station is according to dummy location informationObtained calculating distanceNothing
Method meets formula (7).Bank station 201 can issue ship station 213, and there are the warning notes of dummy location, and report AIS bank station network center.
If the location information at 246 containing falseness in the AIS text that ship station 213 is broadcastDue to position 246
In the range of receiving D of AIS bank station 201,202, then bank station is according to dummy location informationObtained calculating distanceWithIt still can satisfy formula (7).In such cases, according only to calculating distanceBank station 201,202 can not detect AIS
Cheat information.
Since bank station 201,202 has R- mode distance measurement function can while taken-over vessel station 213,214AIS signal
Measurement obtains the actual range between ship station 213,214The wherein measurement distance difference between bank station 201 and ship station 213,214
ForWithMeasurement distance between bank station 202 and ship station 213,214 is respectivelyWith
If containing true GNSS location information in the AIS text that ship station 213,214 is broadcastWithThen
Calculate distanceWith measurement distanceFormula (8) must be met.
If the location information at 246 containing falseness in the AIS text that ship station 213 is broadcastThen AIS bank at this time
The calculating distance that 201,202 obtain of standing is respectivelyWithIn this embodiment scene due toThereforeIt remains to
Meet formula (8)；But due toWithIt differs larger, is not then able to satisfy formula (8).Bank station 202 can issue ship station 213 and there is falseness
The warning note of position, and report AIS bank station network center.
If when dummy location 246 and actual position 213 not sufficiently large apart,When being still able to satisfy formula (8), only
AIS deception information can not have been detected by single AIS bank station, at this time in-position detection pattern.
2) position detection mode
The measurement distance reported by AIS bank station network center 220 according to bank station 201,202Utilize optimization problem solving
The location estimation at each ship station is successively calculated in formula (9)
By the location estimation at the ship station 213,214 being calculatedThe ship station reported respectively with bank station 201,202
213,214 location informationIt is compared, calculates its deviation, i.e. estimated locationBetween text position away from
From as shown in formula (10).
If the location information that ship station 213,214 is sent is true GNSS location, necessarily satisfying for formula (10), then AIS bank station net
The location information that network center 220 thinks that ship station 213,214 reports is correct, and there is no deceptions.If the position that ship station 213 is sent is void
False position 246 is then necessarily unsatisfactory for formula (10).AIS bank station network center 220 carry out alarm indication, and notify AIS bank station 201,
The position that 202 ship stations 213 are sent is dummy location.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of anti-deception measures of AIS location information based on R- mode, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
1) apart from detection pattern
It is voluntarily completed by each bank station of reception AIS ship station signal, bank station becomes according to the dynamic of very high frequency(VHF) signal communication environments waterborne
Change, calculates this bank station to the range of receiving D at AIS ship station, when AIS bank station receives the GNSS location information electricity of AIS ship station transmission
Wen Shi, according to AIS telegraph text content, parsing obtains the location information at AIS ship stationAnd according to AIS telegraph signal, bank is utilized
The distance measurement function measurement for R- mode of standing obtains the distance between bank station and ship station dM, successively compare and calculate distance and range of receiving
Deviation calculates distance and measures the deviation of distance, if deviation is less than thresholding, in-position detection pattern；If deviation is greater than door
Limit, then it is assumed that the location information at AIS ship station is untrue, and bank station carries out alarm indication, and is reported to AIS bank station network center；
2) position detection mode
It is completed by the position detection unit of AIS bank station network center, when AIS bank station network center receives what each AIS bank station reported
After AIS ship station location data, successively the position at all received AIS ship stations is believed by the position detection unit of bank station network center
Breath is detected, according to the measured value at multiple AIS ship stations that different bank stations obtainShip station is obtained using optimization problem solving
Location estimation, compare ship station estimated location and text parsing position between deviation, if deviation be less than thresholding, ship station reports
Location information position it is correct, there is no deception；If deviation is greater than thresholding, then it is assumed that the location information that AIS ship station reports is not true
Real, by position detection unit notice, AIS bank station network center carries out alarm indication, and notifies related AIS bank station.
2. a kind of anti-deception measures of AIS location information based on R- mode according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State apart from detection pattern the specific process is as follows:
Firstly, compare calculating distance and range of receiving, using formula (1) calculate bank station between ship station at a distance from
Wherein, | | | | indicate the distance between two o'clock,The location information for indicating AIS bank station, in advance by surveying and drawing
Department accurately measures, the calculating distance d obtained according to formula (1)C, judge ship station position whether this bank station range of receiving D
It is interior, i.e.,
dC< D or | D-dC| < εB+εP (2)
Wherein, (εB+εP) it is preset thresholding, εBIndicate the uncertain factor of bank station range of receiving, εPIndicate GNSS's
Position error, if calculating distance dCBox-like (2) are not inconsistent it, then it is assumed that the location information that ship station reports is untrue, and bank station is alarmed
It has been shown that, and report AIS bank station network center；
Distance and measurement distance are calculated secondly, comparing, such as calculates distance dCMeeting formula (2) then compares and calculates distance dCWith measurement away from
From dMBetween deviation, i.e.,
|dM-dC| < εM+εP (3)
Wherein, (εM+εB) it is preset thresholding, εMThe measurement error of bank station R- mode is indicated, if measurement distance dMWith calculating
Distance dCAbove formula is not met, then it is assumed that the location information that ship station reports is untrue, and bank station carries out alarm indication, such as dMWith dCMeet
Formula (3), then AIS bank station can give above-mentioned ship station information reporting to AIS bank station network center.
3. a kind of anti-deception measures of AIS location information based on R- mode according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The position detection mode stated the specific process is as follows:
According to the measured value at the same AIS ship station that multiple bank stations respectively obtainIt can be calculated using optimization problem solving
The location estimation at the ship stationMeet formula (4),
Wherein, subscript i indicates i-th of AIS bank station；
The ship station location being calculated is estimatedThe parsing ship station of bank station network center is reported to multiple AIS bank stations
The vessel position that AIS text obtainsIt is compared, is the same of AIS ship station transmission since multiple AIS bank stations are received
AIS text, the vessel position parsed must be identical, according to formula (5), compares the ship station location estimation of calculatingWith
The ship station location of parsingBetween deviation, i.e.,
Wherein, (εC+εP) it is preset thresholding, εCBank station R- Pattern localization error is indicated, if the ship station location calculatedWith the ship station location of parsingMeeting formula (5), then it is assumed that the location information that AIS ship station reports is correct, does not deposit
It is cheating.If the ship station location calculatedWith the ship station location of parsingBox-like (5) are not inconsistent it, then it is assumed that AIS ship
The location information that station reports is untrue, and by position detection unit notice, AIS bank station network center carries out alarm indication, and notifies phase
Close AIS bank station.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110708396A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-01-17 | 中国民航大学 | ADS-B text authenticity detection method based on reverse positioning technology |
| CN111624589A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-04 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Marine target data fusion system and method based on space-based radio monitoring |
| CN115291265A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-04 | 辽宁警察学院 | Anti-disassembly alarm method and device for small ship positioning device |
| EP4137837A1 (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-02-22 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method and device for determining a position of a boat |
| WO2023095117A1 (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-01 | Windward Ltd. | Identifying spoofed maritime signals based on receiving reception stations |
| US12111405B2 (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2024-10-08 | Windward Ltd. | Dead reckoning-based analysis of fabricated maritime data |
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| CN115291265A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-04 | 辽宁警察学院 | Anti-disassembly alarm method and device for small ship positioning device |
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|---|---|
| CN110221319B (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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