CN110219935B - Acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping system - Google Patents
Acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110219935B CN110219935B CN201910540237.1A CN201910540237A CN110219935B CN 110219935 B CN110219935 B CN 110219935B CN 201910540237 A CN201910540237 A CN 201910540237A CN 110219935 B CN110219935 B CN 110219935B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/10—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
- F16F15/12—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
- F16F15/121—Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
- F16F15/124—Elastomeric springs
Abstract
The invention relates to the crossing field of vibration control engineering and material engineering, in particular to an acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping, which is used for solving the problems of poor vibration reduction effect and the like of the shafting and the piping in the prior art. The metamaterial vibration reduction structure with the vibration reduction structure units arranged periodically can form a wider low-frequency band gap, can reduce torsional vibration, radial vibration and axial vibration energy, and has the advantages of good dynamic balance, simple and light structure and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metamaterial vibration reduction structure in the crossing field of vibration control engineering and material engineering, in particular to an acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure with periodically arranged vibration reduction structure units for shafting and piping.
Background
In the field of automobile engineering, an automobile transmission shaft is a core part of a transmission system, plays an important role in transmitting torque and rotating speed in the running process of a vehicle, meanwhile, vibration of the transmission shaft is also one of important excitation sources causing noise and vibration in the vehicle, the vibration expression form of the transmission shaft usually comprises bending vibration, longitudinal vibration and torsional vibration, and coupling vibration among all the vibrations is included, so that the vibration of the transmission shaft is researched, an acoustic metamaterial structure for damping the transmission shaft is developed, and the acoustic metamaterial has very important significance for improving the driving comfort, smoothness and reliability of the vehicle.
On one hand, vibration reduction of an automobile transmission shaft requires strict matching design of parameters such as mass, rigidity, damping and the like of parts such as a clutch and a gearbox to teach the natural frequency of the parts; on the other hand, vibration reduction and noise reduction are carried out by using a dynamic vibration absorber and the like under the condition of not modifying and replacing parts. In published papers and patents, the large engineering force of south China's university utilizes a torsional vibration damper in the academic paper ' design and application of automobile transmission shaft torsional vibration damper ' to solve the problem of transmission system resonance caused by engine excitation, so that the noise in the automobile is reduced by 8-12dB, but the torsional vibration damper can only damp torsional vibration and cannot solve the problems of radial vibration and axial vibration, and the vibration damper also has the problems of high cost, complex manufacturing process and high debugging difficulty. In a patent "transmission shaft damping ring and transmission shaft assembly (CN 204099471U)" issued by Pana automobile technology limited company, a transmission shaft damping ring consisting of multiple layers of rubber and rubber strips with axial supporting function is provided, and the transmission shaft damping ring can damp transmission shafts with different diameters.
In the chemical industry field, the pipeline is used as an important part for transporting gas and liquid, and the pipeline is often distributed with a large number of valves and elbows, pressure pulsation of a compressor and the like, so that airflow sloshing is easily generated, the pipeline is vibrated in the radial direction, the axial direction, the torsion and the like, the problem of piping vibration is thoroughly solved, and accidents caused by pipeline vibration are prevented.
The vibration reduction scheme of the compressor pipeline generally comprises the steps of adding a support to fix the pipeline, and adjusting the inherent characteristics of a pipeline system to enable the inherent frequency to avoid the excitation frequency; additionally arranging a buffer, a pore plate, a filter and the like. Although these solutions have a certain effect on damping the vibrations of the pipes, they are costly and difficult to completely solve the pipeline vibrations. In the published paper of the piping vibration reduction direction, the viscous damper is additionally arranged in the paper 'vibration and damping vibration reduction technical research of centrifugal and reciprocating compressor piping of the electromechanical engineering college of Beijing university of chemical engineering' to reduce the vibration of the pipeline, the damper converts the vibration energy of the piping into the liquid viscous damping heat energy consumption of the damper to be dissipated, although the damper has a good vibration reduction effect, the damper needs to use a cement foundation as a fixed support function, and the installation condition of the damper is greatly limited.
In conclusion, the vibration reduction of the pipe system and the shaft system has better research foundation, but the vibration reduction effect is still not ideal, the research of the acoustic metamaterial provides a new idea for the vibration reduction problem of the pipe system and the shaft system, well makes up the defects that the artificial periodic structure in the prior art has band gap characteristics, the propagation of elastic waves in the frequency range of the band gap can be effectively limited, and the artificial periodic structure is applied to an engineering structure to realize the vibration control in specific frequency, specific position and specific direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for effectively reducing vibration of a shaft system and a pipe system through the vibration reduction structure units which are arranged periodically is provided
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping comprises a base body shaft 1 and a plurality of vibration reduction outer sleeves 2.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the vibration damping outer sleeve 2 includes a sleeve shell 5, and the sleeve shell 5 is hollow and has a ring-shaped cross section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to better damp the shafting and the shaft relation, damping structure units are arranged periodically between the inner side and the outer side of the annular space of the sleeve shell 5.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the damping structure units arranged in the annular space of the sleeve shell are five layers, the first layer is 15 small-size elastic units which are uniformly distributed, the second layer is 15 medium-size elastic units and 15 small-size rectangular mass units which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, the third layer is 15 small-size elastic units which are uniformly distributed, the fourth layer is 15 large-size elastic units and 15 large-size rectangular mass units which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, and the fifth layer is 15 small-size elastic units which are uniformly distributed; wherein, the small-size elastic unit diameter is: 4mm, the diameter of the middle elastic unit is: 5mm, the diameter of the large-size elastic unit is as follows: 6 mm. The size of the elastic unit and the rectangular unit is determined by the frequency to be dampedAnd (4) determining. Assuming that the system is simplified and the frequency required for vibration reduction is f, the elastic unit stiffness is k and the mass unit mass is m, the mass unit is formed by a plurality of elastic units
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass unit and the elastic unit are different in size. The structure of the invention is based on the local resonance principle, each pair of elastic unit and mass unit in the structure can be simplified into a vibration system consisting of mass and spring, and different resonance frequencies can be generated when the sizes of the mass unit and the elastic unit are different, so that vibration can be reduced for a plurality of frequency points. The elastic unit material is nitrile rubber which has good oil resistance, wear resistance and tear resistance and can be used at the temperature below 120 ℃ for a long time. The mass units are common metallic materials.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic unit has a different stiffness from the mass unit weight, and the elastic unit and the mass unit are bonded together by high-temperature vulcanization using a thermal adhesive. Since the linear velocities of the inner side and the outer side are different when the vibration damping structure of the present invention rotates, the rigidity of the elastic unit and the weight of the mass unit are also different.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base shaft 1 is made of steel, and the outer damping sleeve 2 is made of engineering plastic alloy (PC + ABS).
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the base shaft 1 is a splined shaft or a cylindrical shaft; the base body shaft 1 is a spline, the base body shaft 1 is meshed with the vibration reduction outer sleeve 2, and the matching part between the sleeve shell and the spline is made of metal; the base shaft is a cylindrical shaft, the sleeve shell is matched with the cylindrical shaft, and rubber support bars which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the sleeve shell. The base body shaft 1 can be changed according to practical application, if the invention is applied to a pipe system or a transmission shaft, the structure of the base body shaft 1 is changed into a hollow structure, if an application field and a solid shaft are needed, the base body shaft 1 can be changed into a solid structure, in addition, if the structure of the invention is directly applied to the existing pipe system or shaft system to be damped, the base body shaft with the structure of the invention can be removed, and a damping outer sleeve 2 with proper size is applied.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. because the local resonance type artificial periodic structure has the characteristic of low-frequency resonance, different elastic units and mass units are combined in the invention, so that the generated resonance band gaps are different, and finally, a wider low-frequency band gap can be formed.
2. The elastic unit and the mass unit are arranged in the radial direction and the axial direction, so that the torsional vibration, the radial vibration and the axial vibration energy can be reduced, and the multi-directional vibration reduction can be realized.
3. The mass units and the elastic units in the vibration damping sleeve are uniformly distributed, so that the problem of serious dynamic unbalance cannot be caused for a high-speed rotating shaft system structure, and the dynamic balance is good.
4. The structure of the invention does not need fixed elements and ground as a support, is directly sleeved on a shaft system or a pipe system, is simple to install, can be applied to vibration reduction in multiple fields, and has simple integral structure, strong applicability and wide application field.
5. The damping sleeve is of a hollow structure, the elastic unit in the sleeve is made of rubber, and the overall mass is light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the tape substrate axis;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cylindrical base axis;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a damping outer sleeve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vibration-damping outer sleeve shell;
fig. 6 is a graph of vibration amplitude.
In the figure, 1-a base body shaft, 2-a vibration reduction outer sleeve, 3-a cylindrical base body shaft, 4-a rubber supporting strip (spline), 5-a vibration reduction outer sleeve shell, 6-a small-size elastic unit, 7-a medium-size elastic unit, 8-a small-size rectangular mass unit, 9-a large-size mass unit and 10-a large-size elastic unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
An acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping comprises a base body shaft 1 and a plurality of vibration reduction outer sleeves 2.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the vibration damping outer sleeve 2 includes a sleeve shell 5, and the sleeve shell 5 is hollow and has a ring-shaped cross section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to better damp the shafting and the shaft relation, damping structure units are arranged periodically between the inner side and the outer side of the annular space of the sleeve shell 5.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the damping structure unit arranged in the annular space of the sleeve shell 5 is five layers, the first layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the second layer is 15 medium-size elastic units 7 and 15 small-size rectangular mass units 8 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, the third layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the fourth layer is 15 large-size elastic units 10 and 15 large-size rectangular mass units 9 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, and the fifth layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed; wherein, the small-size elastic unit diameter is: 4mm, the diameter of the middle elastic unit is: 5mm, the diameter of the large-size elastic unit is as follows: 6 mm. The dimensions of the elastic unit and the rectangular unit are determined by the frequency to be damped. Assuming that the system is simplified and the frequency required for vibration reduction is f, the elastic unit stiffness is k and the mass unit mass is m, the mass unit is formed by a plurality of elastic units
Example 2
An acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping comprises a base body shaft 1 and a plurality of vibration reduction outer sleeves 2.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the vibration damping outer sleeve 2 includes a sleeve shell 5, and the sleeve shell 5 is hollow and has a ring-shaped cross section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to better damp the shafting and the shaft relation, damping structure units are arranged periodically between the inner side and the outer side of the annular space of the sleeve shell 5.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the damping structure unit arranged in the annular space of the sleeve shell 5 is five layers, the first layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the second layer is 15 medium-size elastic units 7 and 15 small-size rectangular mass units 8 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, the third layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the fourth layer is 15 large-size elastic units 10 and 15 large-size rectangular mass units 9 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, and the fifth layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed. Wherein, the small-size elastic unit diameter is: 4mm, the diameter of the middle elastic unit is: 5mm, the diameter of the large-size elastic unit is as follows: 6 mm. The dimensions of the elastic unit and the rectangular unit are determined by the frequency to be damped. Assuming that the system is simplified and the frequency required for vibration reduction is f, the elastic unit stiffness is k and the mass unit mass is m, the mass unit is formed by a plurality of elastic units
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass unit and the elastic unit are different in size. The structure of the invention is based on the local resonance principle, each pair of elastic units and mass units in the structure can be simplified into a vibration system consisting of mass and springs, and different resonance frequencies can be generated when the sizes of the mass units and the elastic units are different, so that the vibration reduction can be carried out on a plurality of frequency points.
Example 3
An acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping comprises a base body shaft 1 and a plurality of vibration reduction outer sleeves 2.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the vibration damping outer sleeve 2 includes a sleeve shell 5, and the sleeve shell 5 is hollow and has a ring-shaped cross section.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to better damp the shafting and the shaft relation, damping structure units are arranged periodically between the inner side and the outer side of the annular space of the sleeve shell 5.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, the damping structure unit arranged in the annular space of the sleeve shell 5 is five layers, the first layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the second layer is 15 medium-size elastic units 7 and 15 small-size rectangular mass units 8 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, the third layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed, the fourth layer is 15 large-size elastic units 10 and 15 large-size rectangular mass units 9 which are uniformly distributed and alternately arranged, and the fifth layer is 15 small-size elastic units 6 which are uniformly distributed. Wherein, the small-size elastic unit diameter is: 4mm, the diameter of the middle elastic unit is: 5mm, the diameter of the large-size elastic unit is as follows: 6 mm. The dimensions of the elastic unit and the rectangular unit are determined by the frequency to be damped. Assuming that the system is simplified and the frequency required for vibration reduction is f, the elastic unit stiffness is k and the mass unit mass is m, the mass unit is formed by a plurality of elastic units
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass unit and the elastic unit are different in size. The structure of the invention is based on the local resonance principle, each pair of elastic units and mass units in the structure can be simplified into a vibration system consisting of mass and springs, and different resonance frequencies can be generated when the sizes of the mass units and the elastic units are different, so that the vibration reduction can be carried out on a plurality of frequency points.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic unit has a different stiffness from the mass unit weight, and the elastic unit and the mass unit are bonded together by high-temperature vulcanization using a thermal adhesive. Since the linear velocities of the inner side and the outer side are different when the vibration damping structure of the present invention rotates, the rigidity of the elastic unit and the weight of the mass unit are also different.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base shaft 1 is made of steel, and the outer damping sleeve 2 is made of engineering plastic alloy (PC + ABS).
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the base shaft 1 is a splined shaft or a cylindrical shaft; the base body shaft 1 is a spline, the base body shaft 1 is meshed with the vibration reduction outer sleeve 2, and the matching part between the sleeve shell and the spline is made of metal; the base shaft is a cylindrical shaft, the sleeve shell is matched with the cylindrical shaft, and rubber support bars which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the sleeve shell. The base body shaft 1 can be changed according to practical application, if the invention is applied to a pipe system or a transmission shaft, the structure of the base body shaft 1 is changed into a hollow structure, if an application field and a solid shaft are needed, the base body shaft 1 can be changed into a solid structure, in addition, if the structure of the invention is directly applied to the existing pipe system or shaft system to be damped, the base body shaft with the structure of the invention can be removed, and a damping outer sleeve 2 with proper size is applied.
Example 4
When the base body shaft is a spline and the spline shaft is matched with the damping outer sleeve, as shown in figure 1, the diameter of the middle part of the base body shaft 1 is 30mm, the length is 150mm, the material is steel, the diameter of the outermost layer of the damping outer sleeve 2 is 80mm, the material is engineering plastic alloy (PC + ABS), the diameters of the elastic units 6, 7 and 10 in the sleeve are sequentially 4mm, 5mm and 6mm, the material is nitrile rubber, the sizes of the mass units 8 and 9 are sequentially 6mm 4mm 3mm, 8mm 4.2mm 3mm, and the material is iron. When the spline shaft rotates, the vibration reduction outer sleeve is driven to rotate, when the spline shaft generates radial vibration, the vibration reduction outer sleeve connected with the spline shaft resonates, a single elastic unit and a mass unit in the sleeve form a mass spring system, and a plurality of micro systems generate vibration to dissipate the energy of the vibration, so that the normal work of the spline shaft is ensured.
As shown in FIG. 6, when a shaft structure has a vibration peak at 840Hz, the outer sleeve in the structure of the invention is additionally adopted for vibration reduction, so that the vibration amplitude can be reduced, and the vibration reduction effect is achieved.
In practical application, the size and the number of the mass units and the elastic units in the vibration reduction outer sleeve can be designed according to engineering requirements.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an acoustics metamaterial damping structure for shafting, piping which characterized in that: including base member axle (1) and several damping outer sleeve (2), damping outer sleeve (2) are including sleeve shell (5), sleeve shell (5) are hollow and its cross section is the annular, be equipped with the damping constitutional unit of periodic arrangement between sleeve shell (5) annular space's the inboard and the outside, damping constitutional unit is five layers, and the first layer is 15 small number elastic unit (6) of evenly distributed, and the second floor is evenly distributed and is 15 medium size elastic unit (7) and 15 small number rectangle quality unit (8) of alternate arrangement, and the third layer is 15 small number elastic unit (6) of evenly distributed, and the fourth layer is evenly distributed and is 15 large number elastic unit (10) and 15 large number rectangle quality unit (9) of alternate arrangement, and the fifth layer is 15 small number elastic unit (6) of evenly distributed.
2. The acoustic metamaterial vibration damping structure for shafting and piping according to claim 1, wherein: the small-size elastic unit has the following diameters: 4mm, the diameter of the middle elastic unit is: 5mm, the diameter of the large-size elastic unit is as follows: 6 mm.
3. The acoustic metamaterial vibration damping structure for shafting and piping according to claim 1, wherein: the mass unit and the elastic unit are different in size.
4. The acoustic metamaterial vibration damping structure for shafting and piping according to claim 1, wherein: the base body shaft (1) is made of steel, and the vibration reduction outer sleeve (2) is made of engineering plastic alloy.
5. An acoustic metamaterial vibration damping structure for shafting and piping according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the base body shaft (1) is a shaft with a spline, the base body shaft (1) is meshed with the vibration reduction outer sleeve (2), and the matching part between the sleeve shell (5) and the spline is made of metal; or the base shaft is a cylindrical shaft, the sleeve shell is matched with the cylindrical shaft, and rubber support bars which are uniformly distributed are arranged in the sleeve shell.
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| CN201910540237.1A CN110219935B (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping system |
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| CN201910540237.1A CN110219935B (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Acoustic metamaterial vibration reduction structure for shafting and piping system |
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| CN112373282A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-19 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle body beam shock absorber structure |
| CN113236877B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-08-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Suppression device for flow-induced noise and vortex-induced noise of marine pipeline |
| CN113864399B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-09-13 | 西南交通大学 | Self-adaptive order tracking vibration reduction metamaterial shaft structure |
| CN116784941B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-24 | 浙江归创医疗科技有限公司 | Flexible driving shaft and invasive instrument |
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| JPH11192848A (en) * | 1998-01-08 | 1999-07-21 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Vibration reducing device for propeller shaft |
| JP2005048960A (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2005-02-24 | Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd | Dynamic damper and its manufacturing method |
| CN105864272B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-09-25 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of low frequency vibration isolation Meta Materials axle construction |
| CN206874634U (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-01-12 | 翟志磊 | A kind of noise-and-vibration-reduction power transmission shaft |
| CN107606054B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2023-06-09 | 苏州大学 | Self-adaptive torsional vibration damper and diesel engine |
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