CN110213467B - Multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system and imaging method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system and imaging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system, which comprises an optical unit (I) and an electrical unit (II); the optical unit (I) comprises an imaging lens (1), a multi-scale phase modulation component (2) and an intensity modulation component (3); the electrical unit (II) comprises an array detector (4), a control module (5) and a storage calculation module (6); an imaging lens (1) images a target to be imaged onto an array detector (4); the multi-scale phase modulation part (2) performs phase modulation on the optical signal, and the intensity modulation part (3) performs intensity modulation on the optical signal; the array detector (4) sends the light intensity distribution to a storage calculation module (6); and the storage calculation module (6) calculates the corresponding relation between the light intensity distribution sent by the array detector (4) and the target image to be imaged, and reconstructs the image by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optics, in particular to a multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system and an imaging method thereof.
Background
Compressed sensing imaging is a computational imaging mode, and the theoretical basis of the compressed sensing imaging mode is a compressed sensing sampling theory which is mathematically put forward. In 2004, Candes, Donoho and Tao mathematicians put forward a compressive sensing sampling theory, which indicates that a series of linear samples can be taken from a signal, and then the original signal can be accurately restored through an optimization algorithm. And compressed perceptual sampling has sub-sampling capability, i.e. the number of measurements can be less than the number of signals. Baraniuk et al in 2008 realize compressed sensing imaging, and can obtain a target image by performing random spatial modulation on the target image and performing compressed sensing reconstruction on the total intensity of the modulated image by using a point detector. The main advantage of compressed sensing imaging is that two-dimensional imaging can be realized by using a single-point detector, and the requirements of an imaging system on the detector are reduced. The advantage has important significance in the fields of single photon imaging, THz imaging and the like with the restricted detector scale, so that the compressed sensing imaging is widely researched in recent years.
However, compressed sensing imaging also presents the problem of increasing sampling time while reducing detector requirements. The traditional compressed sensing imaging utilizes a single-point detector for measurement, but multiple random modulation and corresponding measurement are required to be carried out on a target, compared with the common optical imaging, the imaging time is greatly increased, and the practical application value of the compressed sensing imaging is reduced. In order to solve the problem of compressed sensing imaging speed, researchers provide a single-exposure compressed sensing imaging scheme, a certain linear relation is formed between a target image and a detector pixel by adding random phase modulation in a common imaging system, a small-scale array detector is used for single-exposure sampling, and a high-resolution image is restored through compressed sensing reconstruction. The single exposure imaging only needs one-time sampling, the problem of low imaging speed of the traditional compressed sensing is solved, a high-resolution image is reconstructed by using a low-resolution detector, and the advantage of reducing the requirements of the compressed sensing imaging on the detector is kept to a certain extent, so that the method has important application value.
In the existing single-exposure compressive sensing imaging system, only phase modulation is carried out on an image, intensity modulation is not carried out, and the phase modulation has the same statistical characteristics in the whole modulation plane. Because the effect of compressed sensing reconstruction is closely related to the modulation matrix, the phase modulation is optimally designed and is combined with the intensity modulation, the performance of the modulation matrix is hopefully improved, and the single-exposure compressed sensing imaging quality is improved.
In summary, at present, there is a shortage in imaging quality in the aspect of single-exposure compressive sensing imaging, and it is urgently needed to research a novel single-exposure compressive sensing imaging system and an imaging method to improve the compressive sensing imaging performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing single-exposure compressive sensing imaging system in imaging quality, and provides multi-scale modulation single-exposure compressive sensing imaging with higher imaging quality and an imaging method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system, which comprises an optical unit and an electrical unit; the optical unit comprises an imaging lens, a multi-scale phase modulation component and an intensity modulation component; the electrical unit comprises an array detector, a control module and a storage calculation module;
the imaging lens images a target to be imaged on the array detector; in the process of transmitting the optical signal to the array detector, the multi-scale phase modulation component performs phase modulation on the optical signal, and the intensity modulation component performs intensity modulation on the optical signal; the array detector sends the light intensity distribution to a storage calculation module; the storage calculation module calculates the corresponding relation between the light intensity distribution and the target image to be imaged by using the phase modulation matrix and the intensity modulation matrix, and reconstructs the image by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged;
the control module is used for respectively sending a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component and the intensity modulation component, so that the multi-scale phase modulation component and the intensity modulation component carry out optical signal regulation according to a preset mode, and the sent phase modulation matrix and the sent intensity modulation matrix are transmitted to the storage calculation module.
As an improvement of the above system, the imaging lens is a telephoto lens, a microscope lens, a single lens or a lens group.
As an improvement of the system, the multi-scale phase modulation part adopts a liquid crystal spatial light modulator or a device with optical phase modulation capability, including ground glass.
As an improvement of the above system, the multi-scale phase modulation component is located on a surface of the imaging lens or a focal plane of the imaging lens.
As an improvement of the above system, the intensity modulation component adopts a device with light intensity regulation capability, such as a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a micro-mirror array or a mask plate.
As an improvement of the above system, the intensity modulation component is located on the surface of the array detector.
As an improvement of the system, the array detector is a charge coupled device, an enhanced charge coupled device, an electron multiplying charge coupled device or a photodiode array.
As an improvement of the above system, a plurality of different regions of the phase modulation matrix have different statistical distributions or have different coherence lengths; the areas are obtained by dividing according to different distances between matrix elements and the center of the matrix.
As an improvement of the above system, the intensity modulation matrix has any one of the following statistical distribution properties: 0-1 Bernoulli distribution, ± 1 Bernoulli distribution, uniform distribution, Gaussian distribution or Poisson distribution.
As an improvement of the above system, the compressed sensing algorithm is: matching pursuit algorithm MP, orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm OMP, basis pursuit algorithm BP, greedy reconstruction algorithm, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, delocalized TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwinST algorithm, l1_ ls0Reconstruction algorithm, l1Reconstruction algorithm or2And (4) a reconstruction algorithm.
The invention also provides a multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging method, which is realized based on the multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system and comprises the following steps:
step 1) phase modulation and intensity modulation:
the control module respectively sends a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component and the intensity modulation component so as to realize a preset phase modulation and intensity modulation mode; transmitting the sent phase modulation matrix and intensity modulation matrix to the storage calculation module;
step 2) optical signal acquisition:
the imaging lens images an object to be imaged on the array detector; in the process of transmitting the optical signals to the array detector, the multi-scale phase modulation component performs phase modulation on the optical signals according to a phase modulation matrix, and the intensity modulation component performs intensity modulation on the optical signals according to an intensity modulation matrix; the array detector sends the light intensity distribution to a storage calculation module;
step 3), restoring the compressed sensing image;
the storage calculation module calculates the intensity distribution of each pixel point of the imaging target on the plane of the intensity modulation component after phase modulation, performs matrix dot multiplication on the intensity distribution and the intensity modulation matrix to obtain the corresponding relation between each pixel point of the imaging target and the light intensity distribution recorded by the array detector, and performs image reconstruction by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention realizes single exposure compressed sensing imaging by comprehensively using the phase modulation and intensity modulation method, can improve the imaging quality compared with the prior single exposure compressed sensing imaging which only uses the phase modulation, and solves the problem of poor quality of the prior single exposure compressed sensing imaging;
2. according to the invention, multi-scale phase modulation is adopted in phase modulation, compared with the prior art that single-scale phase modulation is adopted, the imaging quality can be improved, and the problem of poor imaging quality of the conventional single-exposure compressed sensing is solved;
3. the multi-scale modulation compression sensing imaging system in the discovery can realize high-resolution imaging by using a low-resolution detector, so that the multi-scale modulation compression sensing imaging system has wide application value in the fields of single photon imaging, infrared imaging and THz imaging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of multi-scale phase modulation in the present invention; wherein, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are different areas divided according to different distances between each element in the phase modulation matrix and the center of the matrix.
The attached drawings are as follows:
i optical unit
1. Imaging lens 2, multi-scale phase modulation unit
3. Intensity modulation component
II Electrical Unit
4. Array detector 5 and control module
6. Storage computing module
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The multi-scale modulation compressed Sensing imaging system utilizes a Compressed Sensing (CS) principle, which is a brand new mathematical theory proposed by Donoho, Tao, and candes. According to the compressed sensing, by means of random sampling of signals, the sampling of signal information can be realized by using the sampling number far lower than the requirement of Nyquist/Shannon sampling theorem, the original signals are perfectly recovered through a mathematical algorithm, and the method has high robustness. The compressed sensing is mainly divided into three steps: compression sampling, sparse transformation and algorithm reconstruction; the compressed sampling refers to a process y of sampling a signal by a measurement number less than the number of the signal, where x is a signal to be measured, a is a measurement matrix, and y is a measurement value. Meanwhile, the detection dimensionality can be compressed by linear random sampling of the signals, and linear superposition information of the signals can be obtained only by a detector lower than the original signal dimensionality. The sparse transformation is to select an appropriate sparse basis Ψ, so that a value x' obtained by Ψ action of x is sparse, that is, x can be sparsely expressed under a Ψ framework; the algorithm reconstruction is to solve the problem that y ═ A Ψ x' + e under the condition of known measurement value y, measurement matrix A and sparse basis ΨProcess, finally, by
The inversion is x.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system, which includes an optical unit I and an electrical unit II; the optical unit I comprises an imaging lens 1, a multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and an intensity modulation component 3; the electronic unit II comprises an array detector 4, a control module 5 and a storage calculation module 6.
The imaging lens 1 images an object to be imaged on the array detector 4; in the process of transmitting the optical signal to the array detector 4, the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 performs phase modulation on the optical signal, and the intensity modulation component 3 performs intensity modulation on the optical signal; the array detector 4 sends the light intensity spatial distribution to the storage calculation module 6; the storage calculation module 6 is responsible for storing the phase modulation matrix and the intensity modulation matrix sent by the control module 5 and the light intensity spatial distribution recorded by the array detector 4, and reconstructing an image by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged; the control module 5 is configured to send a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and the intensity modulation component 3, respectively, so that the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and the intensity modulation component 3 perform optical signal adjustment according to a predetermined manner, and transmit the sent phase modulation matrix and intensity modulation matrix to the storage calculation module 6.
The above is a description of the overall structure of the multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system of the present invention, and the following is a further description of specific implementations of each component in the multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system.
The imaging lens 1 is realized by a telephoto lens, a microscope lens, a single lens or a lens group.
The multi-scale phase modulation part 2 is realized by adopting a device with optical phase adjustment capability, including a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and ground glass.
The multi-scale phase modulation section 2 is located on the surface of the imaging lens 1 or at the focal plane of the imaging lens 1.
The intensity modulation component 3 is realized by devices with light intensity regulation capability, including a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a micro-reflector array and a mask plate.
The intensity modulation component 3 is positioned on the surface of the array detector 4.
The array detector 4 is implemented by a charge coupled device, an enhanced charge coupled device, an electron multiplying charge coupled device or a photodiode array.
The control module 5 sends out an instruction of a modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and the intensity modulation component 3, ensures that the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and the intensity modulation component 3 carry out optical signal adjustment according to a preset mode, and transmits the sent out phase modulation matrix and intensity modulation matrix to the storage calculation module.
The phase modulation matrix sent by the control module 5 to the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 has a multi-scale characteristic, as shown in fig. 2, the phase modulation matrix is divided into a plurality of regions according to different distances from the center of the matrix, and the region 4 is taken as an example in the figure, and the phase modulation matrix can be divided into any number of regions greater than or equal to 2 in practical application. The phase modulation matrices of different regions have different statistical distributions or have different coherence lengths.
The intensity modulation matrix sent by the control module 5 to the intensity modulation unit 3 is of any one of the following statistical distribution properties: 0-1 Bernoulli distribution, ± 1 Bernoulli distribution, uniform distribution, Gaussian distribution, Poisson distribution.
The compressed sensing reconstruction is realized by utilizing the phase modulation matrix and the intensity modulation matrix stored by the storage calculation module 6 and the light intensity spatial distribution recorded by the array detector 4 and adopting any one of the following algorithms: matching pursuit algorithm MP, orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm OMP, basis pursuit algorithm BP, greedy reconstruction algorithm, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, delocalized TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwinST algorithm, l1_ ls0Reconstruction algorithm, l1Reconstruction algorithm, l2And (4) a reconstruction algorithm.
Example 2
The above is a description of the structure of the multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system of the present invention. The operation of the multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system is described below.
step 1) phase modulation and intensity modulation:
the control module 5 sends a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 and the intensity modulation component 3 respectively to realize a preset phase modulation and intensity modulation mode; the sent phase modulation matrix and intensity modulation matrix are transmitted to the storage calculation module 6;
step 2) optical signal acquisition:
the imaging lens 1 images an object to be imaged on the array detector 4; in the process of transmitting the optical signal to the array detector 4, the multi-scale phase modulation component 2 performs phase modulation on the optical signal, and the intensity modulation component 3 performs intensity modulation on the optical signal;
step 3), restoring the compressed sensing image;
the storage calculation module 6 calculates the intensity distribution of each pixel point of the imaging target on the plane of the intensity modulation component 3 after phase modulation by a Fourier optical method, performs matrix dot multiplication on the intensity distribution and the intensity modulation matrix to obtain the corresponding relation between each pixel point of the imaging target and the light intensity distribution recorded by the array detector 4, and performs image reconstruction by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system, characterized in that the system comprises an optical unit (I) and an electrical unit (II); the optical unit (I) comprises an imaging lens (1), a multi-scale phase modulation component (2) and an intensity modulation component (3); the electrical unit (II) comprises an array detector (4), a control module (5) and a storage calculation module (6);
the imaging lens (1) images a target to be imaged onto the array detector (4); during the transmission of the optical signal to the array detector (4), the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) performs phase modulation on the optical signal, and the intensity modulation component (3) performs intensity modulation on the optical signal; the array detector (4) sends the light intensity distribution to a storage calculation module (6); the storage calculation module (6) calculates the corresponding relation between the light intensity distribution and the target image to be imaged by using the phase modulation matrix and the intensity modulation matrix, and reconstructs the image by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged;
the control module (5) is used for respectively sending a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) and the intensity modulation component (3), so that the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) and the intensity modulation component (3) carry out optical signal regulation according to a preset mode, and the sent phase modulation matrix and the sent intensity modulation matrix are transmitted to the storage calculation module (6);
a plurality of different regions of the phase modulation matrix have different statistical distributions or have different coherence lengths; the areas are obtained by dividing according to different distances between matrix elements and the center of the matrix.
2. The multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the imaging lens (1) is a telescopic lens, a microscope lens, a single lens or a lens group.
3. The multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system of claim 1, wherein the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) employs a device with optical phase modulation capability including a liquid crystal spatial light modulator or ground glass.
4. The multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) is located on the surface of the imaging lens (1) or the focal plane of the imaging lens (1).
5. The multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system of claim 1, wherein the intensity modulation component (3) employs a device with light intensity adjustment capability including a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a micro-mirror array or a mask.
6. The multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system of claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the intensity modulation component (3) is located at the surface of the array detector (4).
7. The multi-scale modulation compressive sensing imaging system of claim 1, wherein the array detector (4) is a charge coupled device, an enhanced charge coupled device, an electron multiplying charge coupled device, or a photodiode array.
8. The multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the intensity modulation matrix has any one of the following statistical distribution properties: 0-1 Bernoulli distribution, ± 1 Bernoulli distribution, uniform distribution, Gaussian distribution or Poisson distribution.
9. The multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the compressed sensing algorithm is: matching pursuit algorithm MP, orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm OMP, basis pursuit algorithm BP, greedy reconstruction algorithm, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, delocalized TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwinST algorithm, l1_ ls0Reconstruction algorithm, l1Reconstruction algorithm or2And (4) a reconstruction algorithm.
10. A multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging method, which is implemented based on the multi-scale modulation compressed sensing imaging system of one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises:
step 1) phase modulation and intensity modulation:
the control module (5) respectively sends a phase modulation matrix and an intensity modulation matrix to the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) and the intensity modulation component (3) so as to realize a preset phase modulation and intensity modulation mode; and transmitting the sent phase modulation matrix and intensity modulation matrix to the storage calculation module (6);
a plurality of different regions of the phase modulation matrix have different statistical distributions or have different coherence lengths; the area is obtained by dividing according to the difference of the distance between the matrix element and the matrix center;
step 2) optical signal acquisition:
the imaging lens (1) images an object to be imaged onto the array detector (4); during the transmission of the optical signal to the array detector (4), the multi-scale phase modulation component (2) performs phase modulation on the optical signal according to a phase modulation matrix, and the intensity modulation component (3) performs intensity modulation on the optical signal according to an intensity modulation matrix; the array detector (4) sends the light intensity distribution to a storage calculation module (6);
step 3), restoring the compressed sensing image;
the storage calculation module (6) calculates the intensity distribution of each pixel point of the imaging target on the plane of the intensity modulation component (3) after phase modulation, performs matrix dot multiplication on the intensity distribution and the intensity modulation matrix to obtain the corresponding relation between each pixel point of the imaging target and the light intensity distribution recorded by the array detector (4), and performs image reconstruction by using a compressed sensing algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the target to be imaged.
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| CN105915473A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-31 | 中南大学 | OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system parametric channel estimation and equalization method based on compressed sensing technology |
| CN106124413A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of device improving THz wave compressed sensing image quality based on double image element |
| CN107196713A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-22 | 东南大学 | A kind of photoreceiver and method of reseptance being delayed based on optical signal |
| CN109782299A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-05-21 | 深圳市迈测科技股份有限公司 | A kind of solid-state laser radar installations |
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