CN110212978B - Quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection - Google Patents
Quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection, which are used for measuring particles of a sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result; performing unitary transformation corresponding to the first measurement result on the particles of the receiving edge node; carrying out H transformation and measurement operation on the particles of the non-target receiving terminal in sequence to obtain a second measurement result; and performing unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the particles of the target receiving terminal to recover the information to be transmitted. Therefore, in the scheme, under the condition that the receiving terminal is not completely determined, the particle state can start the transmission behavior, the receiving edge node can select the receiving terminal while the particle state is transmitted in a channel, and after the final receiving terminal is determined, the particles have transmitted most paths, so that the time delay is effectively reduced, and the information receiving is finally completed. The quantum communication process of delaying the selection terminal under the condition that the terminal is undetermined is realized, and the information transmission efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of quantum communication, and in particular, to a quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection.
Background
Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum informatics, and is an earlier field of research in quantum information.
Quantum communication is the efficient transfer of information in quantum states as units of information. In order to realize the transmission of unknown quantum state of a certain object, the information of an original object can be divided into classical information and quantum information, the classical information and the quantum information are respectively transmitted to a receiver through a classical channel and a quantum channel, the classical information is obtained by a sender through certain measurement on the original object, the quantum information is the rest information extracted in the measurement by the sender, and the receiver can manufacture the quantum state which is completely the same as the original object after obtaining the two kinds of information.
Therefore, in quantum communication, besides the establishment of a traditional classical channel, the establishment of a quantum channel between the communicating parties is more important. What is called a quantum channel is in fact a quantum entanglement between communicating parties. The quantum entanglement state is the quantum state which most commonly exists in a quantum mechanics multi-particle system or a multi-degree-of-freedom system but is very special. It is one of the wonderful characteristics of quantum mechanics, namely that the measurement result of one subsystem cannot be independent of the measurement parameters of other subsystems.
However, existing quantum communication schemes are all realized based on the condition that the information receiver has determined, and a quantum communication implementation scheme under the condition that the receiver is not determined is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection, which are used for solving the problem that the realization scheme of quantum communication under the condition that a receiver is not determined at present is lacked. The specific scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a quantum communication method for terminal delay selection, including:
determining a chain channel from a sending terminal to a receiving edge node, and determining GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals;
measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and further performing unitary conversion corresponding to the first measurement result on the particles of the receiving edge node;
determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in the candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information, and sequentially carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on particles of the non-target receiving terminal to obtain a second measurement result;
and performing unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the particles of the target receiving terminal, and recovering the information to be transmitted.
Optionally, the determining a chained channel from the sending terminal to the receiving edge node includes:
constructing a quantum communication system based on a sending terminal, a sending edge node, a middle node, a receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals;
and determining a chain channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node directly according to quantum entanglement channels between the sending terminal, the sending edge node, the middle node and the receiving edge node.
Optionally, the determining GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals includes:
and converting Bell channels between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals into GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals.
Optionally, the performing a measurement operation on the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result includes:
and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle represents amplitude information of a to-be-prepared state, and the second particle represents phase information of the to-be-prepared state.
Optionally, the performing a measurement operation on the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result includes:
and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle is a particle owned by the sending terminal in an entangled particle pair of the sending terminal and the receiving edge node, and the second particle represents a particle state to be transmitted.
Optionally, before determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in the multiple candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information, the method further includes:
and the sending terminal sends the target terminal information to the receiving edge node.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a terminal delay-selective quantum communication system, comprising:
a sending terminal: the system comprises a sending terminal, a receiving edge node and a sending terminal, wherein the sending terminal is used for carrying out measurement operation on own particles to obtain a first measurement result and sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and a chain channel exists between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node;
the receiving edge node: the unitary transformation is used for carrying out unitary transformation corresponding to the first measurement result on the owned particles; determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in a plurality of candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information; wherein GHZ channels exist between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals;
the non-target receiving terminal: the device is used for carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on the own particles in sequence to obtain a second measurement result;
the target receiving terminal: and the method is used for performing unitary transformation corresponding to the second measurement result on the own particles and recovering the information to be transmitted.
The quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection provided by the application determine a chain channel from a sending terminal to a receiving edge node, and determine GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals; measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and further performing unitary conversion corresponding to the first measurement result on the particles of the receiving edge node; determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in the multiple candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information, and sequentially carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on particles of the non-target receiving terminal to obtain a second measurement result; and performing unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the particles of the target receiving terminal to recover the information to be transmitted.
Therefore, in the scheme, under the condition that the receiving terminal is not completely determined, the particle state can start the transmission behavior, the receiving edge node can select the receiving terminal while the particle state is transmitted in a channel, and after the final receiving terminal is determined, the particles have transmitted most paths, so that the time delay is effectively reduced, and the information receiving is finally completed. The quantum communication process of delaying the selection terminal under the condition that the terminal is undetermined is realized, and the information transmission efficiency is improved.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art of the present application, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a first implementation of a quantum communication method for terminal delay selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quantum communication network according to a second embodiment of the quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided by the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating quantum channels established by intermediate nodes in a second embodiment of a quantum communication method for terminal delay selection according to the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a quantum communication network according to a third embodiment of the quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided by the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a quantum communication system for terminal delay selection according to the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
At present, existing quantum communication schemes are all realized based on the condition that an information receiver has been determined, and a quantum communication realization scheme under the condition that the receiver is not determined is lacked. In order to solve the problem, the application provides a terminal delay selection quantum communication method and system, so that the quantum communication process of delaying and selecting a receiving terminal is realized under the condition that the receiving terminal is undetermined, and the information transmission efficiency is improved.
Before the embodiments of the present application are described, the terms related to the present application will be described, which specifically includes:
1. path selection
The path selection device adopts a Bell state form between two adjacent links, namely:
2. hadamard door
The Hadamard gate, also called H transform, can be expressed as:
its operation on a single bit is expressed as follows:
3. quantum controlled not gate
A quantum controlled NOT gate (CNOT gate) has two input qubits, a control qubit and a target qubit. The function is as follows: when the control qubit is |0>, the target qubit state is unchanged; when the control qubit is |1>, then the target bit state flips. The corresponding matrix form is:
4. bell base
The Bell basis is the maximum entanglement state formed by two particles, and forms a set of complete orthogonal bases of a four-dimensional Hilbert space, and the specific form is as follows:
5. h measurement
H measurement is to make the particle to be measured pass through a Hadamard gate and then measure the particle to be measured on the substrate of |0>, |1 >.
6. Pauli array
Some unitary matrices, also known as Pauli matrices, are also used in this application. The specific form is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of a quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided in the present application is described below, where the first embodiment includes:
step S101: determining a chain channel from a sending terminal to a receiving edge node, and determining GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals;
specifically, the present embodiment constructs a quantum communication network in advance, where the network includes a sending terminal, a receiving edge node, and multiple candidate receiving terminals, and may further include a sending edge node and an intermediate node to implement long-distance communication. In the initially created quantum communication network, the sending terminal, the sending edge node, the intermediate node, and the receiving edge node are connected by the Bell channel, and in order to facilitate subsequent calculation, the quantum entanglement channel from the sending terminal to the receiving edge node is determined according to this embodiment. Correspondingly, in the initially created quantum communication network, the receiving edge node is connected with each candidate receiving terminal through a Bell channel, and in order to facilitate subsequent calculation, the receiving edge node is converted into a GHZ channel between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals. That is, there is a one-to-one quantum channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node, and there is a one-to-many quantum channel between the receiving edge node and the plurality of candidate receiving terminals.
Step S102: measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and further performing unitary conversion corresponding to the first measurement result on the particles of the receiving edge node;
step S103: determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in the candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information, and sequentially carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on particles of the non-target receiving terminal to obtain a second measurement result;
the target terminal information is used to determine a target receiving terminal in the multiple candidate receiving terminals, and specifically, after determining the target receiving terminal, the sending terminal sends the target terminal information to the edge receiving node, so as to perform subsequent operations.
Step S104: and performing unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the particles of the target receiving terminal, and recovering the information to be transmitted.
In particular, the present embodiment does not limit the information transmission method from the sending terminal to the target receiving terminal, and may specifically transmit the information in a quantum invisible transmission method, or in a remote preparation method.
The basic principle of invisible transmission mainly comprises the following steps: the sending terminal carries out combined Bell-based measurement on the particles of unknown quantum states to be transmitted and one particle in the entangled particle pairs, and due to the quantum non-local correlation characteristic of the entangled particle pairs, all quantum information of the unknown states can be transferred to the second particle of the entangled particle pairs.
Therefore, when invisible transmission is selected, the above-mentioned operation of measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain the first measurement result may specifically include: and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle is a particle owned by the sending terminal in an entangled particle pair of the sending terminal and the receiving edge node, and the second particle represents a particle state to be transmitted.
The remote state preparation differs from stealth transmission mainly in that: the quantum states to be transferred are known to the sending terminal during the remote state preparation. In practice, the sending terminal currently possesses a first particle and adds a second particle to it as an auxiliary particle. A particle pair composed of the second particle and the particle of the receiving edge node is determined, and a CNOT operation with the particle of the receiving edge node as the control qubit and the second particle as the controlled qubit is performed on the particle pair. And then respectively selecting appropriate measurement bases, measuring the first particle and the second particle to obtain amplitude information and phase information, and finally determining GHZ states among the first particle, the second particle and the particle of the receiving edge node.
Therefore, when invisible transmission is selected, the above-mentioned operation of measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain the first measurement result may specifically include: and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle represents amplitude information of a to-be-prepared state, and the second particle represents phase information of the to-be-prepared state.
In the quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided by this embodiment, when a receiving terminal is not completely determined, a particle state may start a transmission behavior, and a receiving edge node may select the receiving terminal while the particle state is transmitted through a channel, and when the final receiving terminal is determined, the particle has already transmitted most of paths, thereby effectively reducing a time delay and finally completing information reception. The quantum communication process under the condition that the terminal delays selection is realized, and the information transmission efficiency is improved.
In summary, the present embodiment has at least the following advantages: the measurement result of the intermediate node and the target terminal information can be transmitted simultaneously, so that the efficiency of information transmission is improved, and the problem of long-distance remote quantum communication can be solved by the aid of the intermediate node; after a quantum channel is established between the sending terminal and the receiving terminal, both sides can send information to the other side, and the transmission mode has flexibility; the sending terminal and the receiving terminal can operate simultaneously, Bell measurement, classical communication and local operation required by the whole process can be realized, and the efficiency of successful unknown state transmission is high.
The second embodiment of the quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided by the present application is described in detail below, and is implemented based on the first embodiment, and is expanded to a certain extent on the basis of the first embodiment. Specifically, the present embodiment is described based on the way of quantum invisible transmission.
First, a quantum communication network in this embodiment is described, where in this embodiment, the quantum communication network includes a terminal and a backbone network, where the terminal includes a sending terminal and a receiving terminal, the backbone network includes a middle node and an edge node, and the edge node includes a sending edge node and a receiving edge node. For convenience of description, in this embodiment, the sending terminal is referred to as Alice for short, and the receiving terminal is referred to as Bob for short.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the particle allocation of Alice, Bob (n candidate receiving terminals) and p intermediate nodes in the embodiment, and a second embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 2. The second embodiment specifically includes:
step S201: forming a GHZ channel;
specifically, the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminal are connected by a Bell channel, and the specific form is as follows:
wherein
A in (a)iBelonging to a receiving edge node, biBelonging to each candidate receiving terminal i.
Receiving an edge node pair (a)1,a2),(a1,a3),…(a1,an) Performing CNOT operations, respectively, in which a1Is a control qubit, a2,a3,…anFor the target qubit, the following is shown:
wherein { x } is a2,a3,…,anThe sequence of (1) to (0),
indicating that x is negated.
Receiving edge node i to particle aiProceed to { |0>,|1>And transmitting the measurement result to the receiving terminal. If the measurement result of the receiving edge node is |1>Then the receiving terminal pair is corresponding to biPerforming X transformation to obtain a measurement result of |0>Then the I transform is performed. The GHZ channel thus formed is as follows:
step S202: bell measurement of chain channel;
on a transmission path, a sending terminal Alice, a receiving edge node and p middle nodes are mutually connected in pairs, and the form is as follows:
wherein
For a unitary operation, U00＝I2p,U01＝Z2p,U10＝X2p,U11＝ZX2p。
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of P intermediate nodes establishing quantum channels in this embodiment, and referring to fig. 3, an intermediate node i performs Bell measurement on a respective owned particle pair (2i,2i +1) (i ═ 1,2,3 … … P-1), and sends the measurement result to a receiving edge node, and the receiving edge node performs a corresponding unitary operation according to the measurement result of the intermediate node
And finally, a direct quantum entanglement channel is constructed between the sending terminal Alice and the receiving edge node.
Specifically, if the Bell measurement result of the intermediate node i (i ═ 1,2,3, …, p-1) for the particle pair (2i,2i +1) is as follows
The receiving edge node performs a unitary operation on the particle 2p
Wherein m isiAnd ni is 0 or 1.
Therefore, the shared channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node is:
suppose that the particle to be transmitted of the transmitting terminal is (a | 0)>+b|1>)xAt this time, the quantum state of the whole system is as follows:
according to the measurement result, if the transmitting terminal measures |00> + |11>, the receiving edge node carries out I operation; the measurement result is |00> - |11>, and the receiving edge node carries out Z operation; the measurement result is |01> + |10>, and the receiving edge node performs X operation; the measurement result is |01> - |10>, and the receiving edge node performs ZX operation.
It should be noted that step S201 and step S202 may be performed simultaneously in this embodiment.
Step S203: the information is transmitted to a receiving terminal;
specifically, assume that the final determined formal receiving terminal is b1As can be seen from steps S201 and S202, the channel format between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminal is as follows:
where | { x }>、|{y}>Is binary { |0>,|1>A sequence, and contains an even number of 1 s;
containing an odd number of 1 s. When a target receiving terminal is determined among a plurality of candidate receiving terminals, a non-target receiving terminal holds a particle b2b3…bnPerforming H operation, and performing { |0 on the H operation>，|1>And measuring and sending the measurement result to a target receiving terminal, and carrying out corresponding unitary operation by the target receiving terminal according to the measurement result. The method comprises the following specific steps: according to the measurement result, if the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |00>+|11>And | { x }>If there are even 1 s in the target receiving terminal, the target receiving terminal performs I operation, | { x }>If there are odd number of 1, the target receiving terminal performs Z operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |00>-|11>And | { x }>If there are even 1 s in the set, the target receiving terminal performs Z operation, | { x }>And if the number of the 1 s is odd, the target receiving terminal performs I operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |01>+|10>And | { y }>When there are even 1 s, the target receiving terminal performs X operation, | { y }>When there are odd number of 1, the target receiving terminal performs XZ operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |01>-|10>And | { y }>When there are even 1 s, the target receiving terminal performs ZX operation, | { y }>When there are an odd number of 1 s, the target receiving terminal performs ZXZ operations. So far, unknown information of the original sending terminal is received by the target receiving terminal b1And receiving.
The following is a detailed description of a third embodiment of the quantum communication method for terminal delay selection provided by the present application, where the third embodiment is mainly used to describe a communication process in a case where both the number of intermediate nodes and the number of candidate receiving terminals are two.
As described above, in this embodiment, two candidate receiving terminals and two intermediate nodes are taken as an example, so that the sending terminal Alice transmits an unknown single-particle state to the target receiving terminal Bob. The receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminal are connected by a Bell channel, and the form is as follows:
wherein the particles a1,a2Belonging to a receiving edge node, particle b1,b2Belonging to candidate receiving terminals. The sending terminal and the receiving edge node are also connected by a Bell channel, and the form is as follows:
wherein the sending terminal has a particle 1, the receiving edge node has a particle 4, and the intermediate node has particles 2, 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the particle allocation of Alice, Bob (two candidate receiving terminals) and two intermediate nodes in this embodiment, and the following describes the communication process in this scenario in detail with reference to fig. 4:
step S301: forming a GHZ channel;
the receiving edge node and the two candidate receiving terminals are connected by a Bell channel, and the form is as follows:
receiving an edge node pair (a)1,a2) Performing CNOT operations, respectively, in which a1Is a control qubit, a2For the target qubit, the following is shown:
then, the receiving edge node pairs particle a2Proceed to { |0>,|1>And measuring the base, and sending the measurement result to the candidate receiving terminal. If the measurement result of the receiving edge node is |1>Then the candidate receiving terminal pair is corresponding to biPerforming X transformation to obtain a measurement result of |0>Then the I transform is performed. The GHZ channel thus formed is as follows:
step S302: bell measurements of the channel;
on a transmission path, quantum entanglement is generated by a transmitting terminal, a receiving edge node and a middle node, and the form is as follows:
wherein
For a unitary operation, U00＝I4,U01＝Z4,U10＝X4,U11＝ZX4。
Bell measurement of the intermediate node on the particle pair (2,3) is
Receiving edge node performs unitary operation on particle 4
Wherein m is1,n1The value is 0 or 1. And finally, a direct quantum entanglement channel is constructed between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node. The details are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
The shared channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node is:
suppose that the particle to be transmitted on the side of the transmitting terminal is (a | 0)>+b|1>)xAt this time, the quantum state of the whole system is as follows:
according to the measurement result, if the sending terminal measures |00> + |11>, the receiving edge node performs I operation, the measurement result is |00> - |11>, the receiving edge node performs Z operation, the measurement result is |01> + |10>, the receiving edge node performs X operation, the measurement result is |01> - |10>, and the receiving edge node performs ZX operation.
Step S303: the information is transmitted to the receiving terminal, which specifically comprises the following steps:
among the candidate receiving terminals, the target receiving terminal is assumed to be b1As obtained in steps S301 and S302, the channel form between the receiving edge node and the receiving terminal is as follows:
particle b held by non-target receiving terminal pair2Perform H operation and perform { |0 on it>，|1>And measuring, and sending the measurement result to a target receiving terminal, and carrying out corresponding unitary operation by the target receiving terminal according to the measurement result. The method comprises the following specific steps: according to the measurement result, if the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |00>+|11>And a non-target receiving terminal b2Measured result of (1) is |0>The target receiving terminal performs an I operation, b2Measured result of (1)>The target receiving terminal performs the Z operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |00>-|11>And a non-target receiving terminal b2Measured result of (1) is |0>The target receiving terminal performs Z operation, b2Measured result of (1)>The target receiving terminal performs an I operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |01>+|10>And a non-target receiving terminal b2Measured result of (1) is |0>The target receiving terminal performs an X operation, b2Measured result of (1)>The target receiving terminal performs the XZ operation. If the measurement base selected by the receiving edge node is |01>-|10>And a non-target receiving terminal b2Measured result of (1) is |0>The target receiving terminal performs a ZX operation, b2Measured result of (1)>The target receiving terminal proceeds to operation ZXZ. So far, unknown information of the original sending terminal is received by the target receiving terminal b1And receiving.
Experiments prove that a long-distance quantum channel between a sending terminal Alice and a receiving terminal Bob is established through the network terminals Alice and Bob, the assistance of an intermediate node and the parallel operation of the receiving terminal, so that the Alice and the Bob of two communication parties can simultaneously perform GHZ channel conversion and Bell measurement of the channel, the terminal selects a receiver while the particles are transmitted, the receiver can receive information after the receiver is determined, the communication of the two parties is realized, and the time delay is effectively reduced.
In the following, a terminal delay selection quantum communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application is introduced, and a terminal delay selection quantum communication system described below and a terminal delay selection quantum communication method described above may be referred to correspondingly.
As shown in fig. 5, includes:
the transmitting terminal 501: the system comprises a sending terminal, a receiving edge node and a sending terminal, wherein the sending terminal is used for carrying out measurement operation on own particles to obtain a first measurement result and sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and a chain channel exists between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node;
the receiving edge node 502: the unitary transformation is used for carrying out unitary transformation corresponding to the first measurement result on the owned particles; determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in a plurality of candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information; wherein GHZ channels exist between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals;
the non-target receiving terminal 503: the device is used for carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on the own particles in sequence to obtain a second measurement result;
the target receiving terminal 504: and the method is used for performing unitary transformation corresponding to the second measurement result on the own particles and recovering the information to be transmitted.
The terminal delay selection quantum communication system of the present embodiment is used for implementing the terminal delay selection quantum communication method, and therefore, the specific implementation of the system can be seen in the foregoing embodiment section of the terminal delay selection quantum communication method, and therefore, the specific implementation thereof can refer to the description of the corresponding partial embodiments, and is not described herein again.
In addition, since the terminal delay selected quantum communication system of this embodiment is used to implement the terminal delay selected quantum communication method, the function corresponds to that of the method described above, and details are not described here.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The above detailed descriptions of the solutions provided in the present application, and the specific examples applied herein are set forth to explain the principles and implementations of the present application, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A quantum communication method for terminal delay selection, comprising:
determining a chain channel from a sending terminal to a receiving edge node, and determining GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals;
measuring the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and further performing unitary conversion corresponding to the first measurement result on the particles of the receiving edge node;
determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in the candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information, and sequentially carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on particles of the non-target receiving terminal to obtain a second measurement result;
performing unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the particles of the target receiving terminal to recover information to be transmitted;
the determining the chained channel from the sending terminal to the receiving edge node comprises:
constructing a quantum communication system based on a sending terminal, a sending edge node, a middle node, a receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals; and determining a chain channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node directly according to quantum entanglement channels between the sending terminal, the sending edge node, the middle node and the receiving edge node.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals comprises:
and converting Bell channels between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals into GHZ channels between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said performing a measurement operation on the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result comprises:
and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle represents amplitude information of a to-be-prepared state, and the second particle represents phase information of the to-be-prepared state.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said performing a measurement operation on the particles of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result comprises:
and respectively carrying out measurement operation on a first particle and a second particle of the sending terminal to obtain a first measurement result, wherein the first particle is a particle owned by the sending terminal in an entangled particle pair of the sending terminal and the receiving edge node, and the second particle represents a particle state to be transmitted.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to said determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal of said plurality of candidate receiving terminals based on target terminal information, further comprising:
and the sending terminal sends the target terminal information to the receiving edge node.
6. A terminal delay-selective quantum communication system, comprising:
a sending terminal: the system comprises a sending terminal, a receiving edge node and a sending terminal, wherein the sending terminal is used for carrying out measurement operation on own particles to obtain a first measurement result and sending the first operation result to the receiving edge node, and a chain channel exists between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node;
the receiving edge node: the unitary transformation is used for carrying out unitary transformation corresponding to the first measurement result on the owned particles; determining a target receiving terminal and a non-target receiving terminal in a plurality of candidate receiving terminals according to the target terminal information; wherein GHZ channels exist between the receiving edge node and the candidate receiving terminals;
the non-target receiving terminal: the device is used for carrying out H conversion and measurement operation on the own particles in sequence to obtain a second measurement result;
the target receiving terminal: the particle to be transmitted is recovered by carrying out unitary conversion corresponding to the second measurement result on the self-owned particle;
the determination process of the chain channel comprises the following steps: constructing a quantum communication system based on a sending terminal, a sending edge node, a middle node, a receiving edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving terminals; and determining a chain channel between the sending terminal and the receiving edge node directly according to quantum entanglement channels between the sending terminal, the sending edge node, the middle node and the receiving edge node.
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