CN110212978A - A kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection - Google Patents
A kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection, measure operation to the particle for sending terminal, obtain the first measurement result；Unitary transformation corresponding with the first measurement result is carried out to the particle for receiving fringe node；H transformation and measurement operation are successively carried out to the non-targeted particle for receiving terminal, obtain the second measurement result；Unitary transformation corresponding with the second measurement result is carried out to the particle of intended recipient terminal, recovers information to be transmitted.It can be seen that, the program is in the case where receiving the not completely specified situation of terminal, particle state can star transmission behavior, particle state is while transmission, receiving fringe node can carry out receiving the selection of terminal, and after final reception terminal determines, particle has transferred most of path, time delay is effectively reduced, information reception is finally completed.Realize terminal it is uncertain in the case where the delayed selection culture terminal quantum communications process, and improve information transmission efficiency.
Description
Technical field
This application involves quantum communications field, in particular to a kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection.
Background technique
Quantum communications are an important branch of quantum information science, are that field earlier is studied in quantum information.
Quantum communications are the effective transmission for realizing information using quantum state as information unit.Some object is transmitted in order to realize
The information of the original can be divided into classical and quantum information two parts, be led to respectively by classical channel and quantum by the unknown quantum state of body
Road sends recipient to, and classical information is that sender carries out certain measurement to the original and obtains, and quantum information is that sender exists
Remaining information extracted in measurement, recipient is after obtaining both information, so that it may produce identical with the original
Quantum state.
Therefore, more each important is communication is established other than needing to establish traditional classical channel in quantum communications
Quantum channel between side.So-called quantum channel is actually the quantum entanglement between communication parties.Quantum Entangled States be
It is most generally existing but be a kind of very special quantum state in quantum mechanics multi-particles System or system with several degrees of freedom.It is
One of its quantum-mechanical wonderful characteristic can not join the measurement result of a subsystem independently of the measurement to other subsystems
Number.
However, existing quantum communications scheme is all based on what the fixed condition of receiving party was realized, lack recipient
The implementation of quantum communications in uncertain situation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection, lacks at present to solve
The problem of implementation of quantum communications in few uncertain situation of recipient.Concrete scheme is as follows:
In a first aspect, this application provides a kind of quantum communications methods of end delay selection, comprising:
Determine and send terminal to the chain type channel received between fringe node, and the determination reception fringe node with it is multiple
Candidate receives GHZ channel between terminal；
Operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal, the first measurement result is obtained, by first operating result
It is sent to the reception fringe node, and then the particle for receiving fringe node is carried out opposite with first measurement result
The Unitary transformation answered；
The multiple candidate intended recipient terminal and non-targeted reception received in terminal is determined according to target terminal information
Terminal, and H transformation and measurement operation are successively carried out to the non-targeted particle for receiving terminal, obtain the second measurement result；
Unitary transformation corresponding with second measurement result is carried out to the particle of the intended recipient terminal, is recovered
Information to be transmitted.
Optionally, the determining terminal that sends is to the chain type channel received between fringe node, comprising:
Building is based on sending terminal, sends fringe node, intermediate node, receives fringe node, multiple candidate reception terminals
Quantum communication system；
According to the transmission terminal, the transmission fringe node, the intermediate node, the reception fringe node two-by-two it
Between quantum entanglement channel, determine it is described transmission terminal directly arrive it is described reception fringe node between chain type channel.
Optionally, GHZ channel between the determination reception fringe node and multiple candidate reception terminals, comprising:
By the reception fringe node and each candidate Bell channel received between terminal, it is converted into the reception
GHZ channel between fringe node and the multiple candidate reception terminal.
Optionally, described that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal, obtain the first measurement result, comprising:
Operation is measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the first measurement result,
Wherein, first particle indicates that the amplitude information of state to be prepared, second particle indicate the phase information of state to be prepared.
Optionally, described that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal, obtain the first measurement result, comprising:
Operation is measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the first measurement result,
Wherein, first particle sends terminal institute for the transmission terminal and the tangling for reception fringe node described in particle pair
The particle possessed, second particle indicate particle state to be transmitted.
Optionally, the multiple candidate intended recipient terminal received in terminal is determined according to target terminal information described
Before non-targeted reception terminal, further includes:
The target terminal information is sent to the reception fringe node by the transmission terminal.
Second aspect, this application provides a kind of quantum communication systems of end delay selection, comprising:
It sends terminal: for measuring operation to owned particle, the first measurement result is obtained, by described first
Operating result is sent to reception fringe node, wherein the transmission terminal is to there are chain type letters between the reception fringe node
Road；
The reception fringe node: corresponding with first measurement result for being carried out to owned particle
Direct transform；Multiple candidate intended recipient terminals and non-targeted reception terminal received in terminal are determined according to target terminal information；
Wherein, there are GHZ channels between the reception fringe node and the multiple candidate reception terminal；
The non-targeted reception terminal: for successively carrying out H transformation and measurement operation to owned particle, the is obtained
Two measurement results；
The intended recipient terminal: corresponding with second measurement result for being carried out to owned particle
Direct transform recovers information to be transmitted.
A kind of quantum communications method and system of end delay selection provided herein, determine and send terminal to reception
Chain type channel between fringe node, and determine and receive GHZ channel between fringe node and multiple candidate reception terminals；To transmission
The particle of terminal measures operation, obtains the first measurement result, the first operating result is sent to reception fringe node, in turn
Unitary transformation corresponding with first measurement result is carried out to the particle for receiving fringe node；It is true according to target terminal information
Fixed multiple candidate intended recipient terminals and non-targeted reception terminal received in terminals, and to the non-targeted particle for receiving terminal according to
Secondary progress H transformation and measurement operation, obtain the second measurement result；The particle of intended recipient terminal is carried out and the second measurement result
Corresponding Unitary transformation recovers information to be transmitted.
As it can be seen that the program is in the case where receiving the not completely specified situation of terminal, particle state can star transmission behavior, particle state
While transmission, receiving fringe node can carry out receiving the selection of terminal, after final reception terminal determines,
Particle has transferred most of path, effectively reduces time delay, is finally completed information reception.Realize the uncertain situation of terminal
The quantum communications process of lower the delayed selection culture terminal, and improve the efficiency of information transmission.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to embodiment or existing for the clearer technical solution for illustrating the embodiment of the present application or the prior art
Attached drawing needed in technical description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Shen
Some embodiments please for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the implementation process for the quantum communications embodiment of the method one that a kind of end delay provided herein selects
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the quantum communications net for the quantum communications embodiment of the method two that a kind of end delay provided herein selects
Network schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the intermediate node for the quantum communications embodiment of the method two that a kind of end delay provided herein selects is built
The schematic diagram of vertical quantum channel；
Fig. 4 is the quantum communications net for the quantum communications embodiment of the method three that a kind of end delay provided herein selects
Network schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram for the quantum communication system embodiment that a kind of end delay provided herein selects.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand application scheme, with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description
The application is described in further detail.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, rather than
Whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work premise
Under every other embodiment obtained, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
Currently, existing quantum communications scheme is all based on what the fixed condition of receiving party was realized, lack recipient
The implementation of quantum communications in uncertain situation.For this problem, the quantum that the application provides a kind of end delay selection leads to
Believe method and system, realizes the delayed selection culture in the case where reception terminal is uncertain and receive the quantum communications process of terminal, and mention
The efficiency of information transmission is risen.
Before introducing the embodiment of the present application, first to this application involves to technical term be illustrated, specifically include:
1, Path selection
Path selection sets the form that Bell state is all used between two adjacent links, it may be assumed that
2, Hadamard gate
Hadamard gate is called H transformation, its effect may be expressed as:
It is expressed as follows the operation of single-bit:
3, quantum controlled not-gate
Quantum controlled not-gate (controlled-NOT, CNOT gate), it is gathered around there are two quantum bit is inputted, and is control respectively
Quantum bit processed and target quantum bit.Its effect is: when control quantum bit is | 0 > when, target quantum bit status are constant；
When control quantum bit is | 1 > when, then target bits state is overturn.Its corresponding matrix form are as follows:
4, Bell base
Bell base is the maximal entangled state being made of two particle, it constitute one group of the four-dimensional space Hilbert it is complete just
Base is handed over, concrete form is as follows:
5, H is measured
H measurement is first to allow particle to be measured by a Hadamard gate, then exist to particle to be measured | 0 >, | it is surveyed in 1 > substrate
Amount.
6, Pauli gusts
Some Unitary Matrixes namely Pauli gusts can be also used in the application.Concrete form is as follows:
A kind of quantum communications embodiment of the method one of end delay selection provided by the present application is introduced below, referring to
Fig. 1, embodiment one include:
Step S101: it determines and sends terminal to the chain type channel received between fringe node, and determine the reception edge
GHZ channel between node and multiple candidate reception terminals；
Specifically, the present embodiment constructs quantum communication network in advance, which includes sending terminal, receiving fringe node
Terminals are received with multiple candidates, in addition, can also include transmission fringe node, intermediate node to realize telecommunication.Initially
It creates in obtained quantum communication network, sends terminal, send fringe node, intermediate node, receive fringe node between any two
It is connected by Bell channel, for convenience of subsequent calculating, the present embodiment determines therefrom that sending terminal directly arrives reception fringe node
Quantum entanglement channel.Correspondingly, receiving fringe node and each candidate reception eventually in the quantum communication network that initial creation obtains
It is connected between end by Bell channel, for convenience of subsequent calculating, the present embodiment, which is translated into, receives fringe node and multiple times
Choosing receives GHZ channel between terminal.That is, sending terminal to receiving between fringe node is one-to-one quantum channel,
Fringe node is received to multiple candidate terminals that receive as one-to-many quantum channel.
Step S102: operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal, the first measurement result is obtained, by described first
Operating result is sent to the reception fringe node, and then carries out and first measurement to the particle for receiving fringe node
As a result corresponding Unitary transformation；
Step S103: the multiple candidate intended recipient terminal received in terminal and non-is determined according to target terminal information
Intended recipient terminal, and H transformation and measurement operation are successively carried out to the non-targeted particle for receiving terminal, obtain the second measurement
As a result；
Above-mentioned target terminal information is used to determine multiple candidate intended recipient terminals received in terminal, specifically, sending
Terminal is sent to marginal reception node after determining intended recipient terminal, by target terminal information, in order to execute subsequent behaviour
Make.
Step S104: positive change corresponding with second measurement result is carried out to the particle of the intended recipient terminal
It changes, recovers information to be transmitted.
It illustrating, the present embodiment, which does not limit, sends terminal to the information transmission mode between intended recipient terminal,
It can specifically be transmitted, can also be transmitted in a manner of prepared by long-range state in such a way that Quantum Teleportation transmits.
The basic principle of teleportation, mainly are as follows: send terminal to the particle of unknown quantum state to be sent and tangle grain
One particle of sub- centering carries out the measurement of joint Bell base, due to tangling the nonlocal quantum associate feature of particle pair, at this time not
Know that whole quantum informations of state will be transferred on second particle for tangling particle pair, as long as transmitting Bell according to classical channel
Then it is appropriate to the quantum state progress for second particle for tangling particle pair to receive terminal to terminal is received for base measurement result
Direct transform, so that it may be in this particle and the unknown identical quantum state of quantum state to be sent.
Therefore, above-mentioned that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal when selecting teleportation, obtain the first survey
It measures as a result, can specifically include: operation being measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the
One measurement result, wherein first particle tangles particle centering institute for the transmission terminal and the fringe node that receives
It states and sends the particle that terminal is possessed, second particle indicates particle state to be transmitted.
Long-range state preparation and the difference of teleportation essentially consist in: in long-range state preparation process, quantum state pair to be sent
It is known in sending terminal.In implementation process, it is the first particle that note, which sends the particle that terminal is currently owned by, and is increased for it
Second particle is using as auxiliary particle.Determine the particle pair collectively constituted by the particle of the second particle and reception fringe node, and
The particle of fringe node is received for control quantum bit to executing to the particle, is controlled quantum bit with the second particle
CNOT operation.Then selection is suitable respectively measures base and measures to the first particle and the second particle, obtains amplitude information
And phase information, finally determine the GHZ state between the particle three of the first particle, the second particle, reception fringe node.
Therefore, above-mentioned that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal when selecting teleportation, obtain the first survey
It measures as a result, can specifically include: operation being measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the
One measurement result, wherein first particle indicates that the amplitude information of state to be prepared, second particle indicate state to be prepared
Phase information.
The present embodiment provides a kind of quantum communications method of end delay selection, is receiving the not completely specified feelings of terminal
Under condition, particle state can star transmission behavior, and while transmission, receiving fringe node can carry out receiving eventually particle state
The selection at end, after final reception terminal determines, particle has transferred most of path, effectively reduces time delay, most
Information is completed eventually to receive.The quantum communications process in the case of end delay selection is realized, and improves the efficiency of information transmission.
To sum up, the present embodiment at least has following advantages: the measurement result and target terminal information of intermediate node can be simultaneously
Transmission, therefore improve the efficiency of information transmission and long range quantum remote state preparation can solve by the help of intermediate node
Problem；It sends after establishing quantum channel between terminal and reception terminal, both sides can give other side to send information, transmission mode
With flexibility；Sending terminal and receiving terminal to be operated simultaneously, and the measurement of Bell required by whole process, classics are logical
What letter and local operations were possible to, and unknown state transmission is successfully high-efficient.
Start that a kind of quantum communications embodiment of the method two of end delay selection provided by the present application is discussed in detail below, it is real
It applies example two one to realize based on the above embodiment, and has carried out expansion to a certain extent on the basis of example 1.Specifically,
The present embodiment is described based on the mode that Quantum Teleportation transmits.
Firstly, the quantum communication network in the present embodiment is introduced, in the present embodiment, quantum communication network includes eventually
End and backbone network, wherein terminal includes sending terminal and receiving terminal, and backbone network includes intermediate node and fringe node, edge
Node includes sending fringe node and reception fringe node.Terminal will be sent for convenience of description, in the present embodiment to be referred to as
Alice receives terminal and is referred to as Bob.
Fig. 2 is Alice, Bob in embodiment (n candidate reception terminal) and the particle of p intermediate node distributes schematic diagram,
Referring to Fig. 2, embodiment two is introduced.Embodiment two specifically includes:
Step S201: GHZ channel is formed；
Specifically, receiving fringe node and candidate receive between terminal is connected by Bell channel, concrete form
It is as follows:
WhereinIn aiBelong to reception fringe node, biBelong to each candidate reception terminal i.
Fringe node is received to (a1,a2),(a1,a3),…(a1,an) CNOT operation is carried out respectively, wherein a1It is control amount
Sub- bit, a2,a3,…anIt is as follows for target quantum bit:
Wherein, { x } is a2,a3,…,an0,1 sequence,Expression negates { x }.
Fringe node i is received to particle aiCarry out | 0 >, | 1 > } base measure and measurement result is sent to reception terminal.Such as
Fruit receive fringe node measurement result be | 1 >, then receive terminal to corresponding biX transformation is carried out, measurement result is | 0 >, then
Carry out I transformation.To which the GHZ channel constituted is as follows:
Step S202: the Bell measurement of chain type channel；
On the transmit path, terminal Alice is sent, is received mutual two-by-two each other between fringe node and p intermediate node
Connection, form are as follows:
WhereinFor positive operation, U00=I2p,U01=Z2p,U10=X2p,U11=ZX2p。
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that P intermediate node establishes quantum channel in the present embodiment, and referring to Fig. 3, intermediate node i is to each
Bell measurement is executed to (2i, 2i+1) (i=1,2,3 ... p-1) from the particle possessed, and measurement result is sent to and receives side
Edge node receives fringe node according to the measurement result of intermediate node and executes corresponding positive operationIt is final to send terminal
A direct quantum entanglement channel is constructed between Alice and reception fringe node.
Specifically, if intermediate node i (i=1,2,3 ..., p-1) is to Bell measurement result of the particle to (2i, 2i+1)It then receives fringe node and positive operation is implemented to particle 2pWherein mi, ni takes
Value is 0 or 1.
Therefore, it sends terminal and receives the shared channel between fringe node are as follows:
It is assumed that the particle to be transmitted for sending terminal is (a | 0 >+b | 1 >)x, the quantum state of whole system is as follows at this time:
According to measurement result, if send that terminal measures is | 00 >+| 11 >, I operation is carried out if receiving fringe node；
Measurement result is | 00 >-| 11 >, it receives fringe node and carries out Z operation；Measurement result is | 01 >+| 10 >, receive fringe node into
Row X operation；Measurement result is | 01 >-| 10 >, it receives fringe node and carries out ZX operation.
It is worth noting that step S201 and step S202 can be carried out simultaneously in the present embodiment.
Step S203: information is transmitted to reception terminal；
Specifically, assuming that the formal reception terminal finally determined is b1, by step S201 and step S202 it is found that receiving
Fringe node and the candidate channel form received between terminal are as follows:
Wherein | { x } >, | { y } > be binary system | 0 >, | 1 > } sequence, and contain even number 1；Contain odd number
A 1.After determining intended recipient terminal in multiple candidate reception terminals, non-targeted reception terminal is to the particle held
b2b3…bnH operation is carried out, and it is carried out | 0 >, | 1 > } it measures and sends the measurements to intended recipient terminal, target
It receives terminal and corresponding positive operation is carried out according to measurement result.It is specific as follows: to be learnt by measurement result, if receiving edge
The measurement base of node selection is | 00 >+| 11 > and | { x } > in when having even number 1, then intended recipient terminal carries out I operation, | { x } >
In when having odd number 1, then intended recipient terminal carries out Z operation.It is if receiving the measurement base that fringe node is chosen | 00 >-| 11 >
And | { x } > in when having even number 1, then intended recipient terminal carries out Z operation, | { x } > in when having odd number 1, then intended recipient is whole
End carries out I operation.Be if receiving the measurement base that fringe node is chosen | 01 >+| 10 > and | { y } > in when having even number 1, target
Receive terminal and carry out X operation, | { y } > in when having odd number 1, intended recipient terminal carries out XZ operation.If receiving fringe node
The measurement base of selection is | 01 >-| 10 > and | { y } > in when having even number 1, intended recipient terminal carries out ZX operation, | { y } > in have
When odd number 1, intended recipient terminal carries out ZXZ operation.So far, the unknown message of originally transmitted terminal is by intended recipient terminal b1
It receives.
Start that a kind of quantum communications embodiment of the method three of end delay selection provided by the present application is discussed in detail below, it is real
Example three is applied to be mainly used for describing in intermediate node quantity and the candidate communication process received in the case that terminal quantity is two.
As described above, the present embodiment by taking two candidate reception terminals and two intermediate nodes as an example, is realized and sends terminal
Alice transmits unknown single-particle state to intended recipient terminal Bob.Receiving fringe node and candidate receive between terminal is by Bell
What channel connected, form is as follows:
Wherein particle a1,a2Belong to reception fringe node, particle b1,b2Belong to candidate reception terminal.Send terminal and reception
It is also to be connected by Bell channel between fringe node, form is as follows:
It wherein sends terminal and possesses particle 1, receive fringe node and possess particle 4, intermediate node possesses particle 2,3.
Fig. 4 is Alice, Bob in the present embodiment (two candidate reception terminals) and the particle distribution of two intermediate nodes is shown
It is intended to, the communication process under the scene is introduced in detail referring to Fig. 4:
Step S301: GHZ channel is formed；
Receiving fringe node and two candidate receive between terminal is connected by Bell channel, and form is as follows:
Fringe node is received to (a1,a2) CNOT operation is carried out respectively, wherein a1It is control quantum bit, a2For aim parameter
Sub- bit, as follows:
Then, fringe node is received to particle a2Carry out | 0 >, | 1 > } base measurement, and measurement result is sent to candidate and is connect
Receive terminal.If the measurement result for receiving fringe node is | 1 >, candidate receives terminal to corresponding biCarry out X transformation, measurement
As a result it is | 0 >, then carry out I transformation.To which the GHZ channel constituted is as follows:
Step S302: the Bell measurement of channel；
On the transmit path, it sends terminal, receive fringe node, intermediate node generation quantum entanglement, form is as follows:
WhereinFor positive operation, U00=I4,U01=Z4,U10=X4,U11=ZX4。
Intermediate node is to Bell measurement result of the particle to (2,3)Fringe node is received to implement particle 4
Positive operationWherein m1,n1Value is 0 or 1.It is final to send terminal and receive the directly amount of building one between fringe node
Son tangles channel.Shown in table specific as follows:
Table 1
It sends terminal and receives the shared channel between fringe node are as follows:
It is assumed that the particle to be transmitted for sending terminal side is (a | 0 >+b | 1 >)x, the quantum state of whole system is as follows at this time:
According to measurement result, if send that terminal measures is | 00 >+| 11 >, I operation is carried out if receiving fringe node,
Measurement result is | 00 >-| 11 >, receive fringe node and carry out Z operation, measurement result is | 01 >+| 10 >, receive fringe node into
Row X operation, measurement result is | 01 >-| 10 >, it receives fringe node and carries out ZX operation.
Step S303: information is transmitted to reception terminal, specific as follows:
It is received between terminal in candidate, it is assumed that intended recipient terminal is b1, obtained by step S301 and S302, receive edge
Node and the channel form received between terminal are as follows:
Non-targeted reception terminal is to the particle b held2Carry out H operation and it is carried out | 0 >, | 1 > } measurement, and will
Measurement result is sent to intended recipient terminal, and intended recipient terminal carries out corresponding positive operation according to measurement result.Specifically such as
Under: learnt by measurement result, be if receiving the measurement base that fringe node is chosen | 00 >+| 11 > and non-targeted reception terminal b2
Measurement result be | 0 > then intended recipient terminal carry out I operation, b2Measurement result be | 1 > then intended recipient terminal carry out Z behaviour
Make.It is if receiving the measurement base that fringe node is chosen | 00 >-| 11 > and non-targeted reception terminal b2Measurement result be | 0 > then
Intended recipient terminal carries out Z operation, b2Measurement result be | 1 > then intended recipient terminal carry out I operation.If receiving edge section
Putting the measurement base chosen is | 01 >+| 10 > and non-targeted reception terminal b2Measurement result be | 0 > then intended recipient terminal carry out X
Operation, b2Measurement result be | 1 > then intended recipient terminal carry out XZ operation.It is if receiving the measurement base that fringe node is chosen
| 01 >-| 10 > and non-targeted reception terminal b2Measurement result be | 0 > then intended recipient terminal carry out ZX operation, b2Measurement knot
Fruit is | 1 > then intended recipient terminal carry out ZXZ operation.So far, the unknown message of originally transmitted terminal is by intended recipient terminal b1
It receives.
The experiment proved that by the network terminal Alice and Bob, it is parallel by the auxiliary and reception terminal of intermediate node
Operation, it is established that send terminal Alice and receive terminal Bob between long range quantum channel so that communicating pair Alice and
Bob can carry out the channel conversion of GHZ simultaneously and the Bell of channel is measured, and to particle, terminal carries out recipient while transmission
Selection, recipient determines just can be carried out the reception of information later, realizes intercommunication, is effectively reduced time delay.
A kind of quantum communication system of end delay selection provided by the embodiments of the present application is introduced below, is hereafter retouched
The quantum communications method of a kind of quantum communication system for end delay selection stated and a kind of above-described end delay selection
Reference can be corresponded to each other.
As shown in Figure 5, comprising:
Send terminal 501: for measuring operation to owned particle, obtaining the first measurement result, will described in
First operating result is sent to reception fringe node, wherein the transmission terminal is to there are chains between the reception fringe node
Formula channel；
It is described to receive fringe node 502: corresponding with first measurement result for being carried out to owned particle
Unitary transformation；Multiple candidate intended recipient terminals received in terminal and non-targeted reception are determined eventually according to target terminal information
End；Wherein, there are GHZ channels between the reception fringe node and the multiple candidate reception terminal；
The non-targeted reception terminal 503: it for successively carrying out H transformation and measurement operation to owned particle, obtains
To the second measurement result；
The intended recipient terminal 504: corresponding with second measurement result for being carried out to owned particle
Unitary transformation, recover information to be transmitted.
The quantum that the quantum communication system of the end delay selection of the present embodiment selects for realizing end delay above-mentioned
Communication means, therefore the implementation of the quantum communications method of the visible end delay selection hereinbefore of specific embodiment of the system
Example part, so, specific embodiment is referred to the description of corresponding various pieces embodiment, herein not reinflated Jie
It continues.
In addition, since the quantum communication system that the end delay of the present embodiment selects is selected for realizing end delay above-mentioned
The quantum communications method selected, therefore its effect is corresponding with the effect of the above method, which is not described herein again.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with it is other
The difference of embodiment, same or similar part may refer to each other between each embodiment.For being filled disclosed in embodiment
For setting, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to method part
Explanation.
The step of method described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in this document or algorithm, can directly be held with hardware, processor
The combination of capable software module or the two is implemented.Software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), memory, read-only deposit
Reservoir (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or technology
In any other form of storage medium well known in field.
Scheme provided herein is described in detail above, specific case used herein is to the application's
Principle and embodiment is expounded, the present processes that the above embodiments are only used to help understand and its core
Thought；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the thought of the application, in specific embodiment and application range
Upper there will be changes, in conclusion the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of quantum communications method of end delay selection characterized by comprising
It determines and sends terminal to the chain type channel received between fringe node, and determine the reception fringe node and multiple candidates
Receive GHZ channel between terminal；
Operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal, the first measurement result is obtained, first operating result is sent
The extremely reception fringe node, and then the particle for receiving fringe node is carried out corresponding with first measurement result
Unitary transformation；
The multiple candidate intended recipient terminal and non-targeted reception terminal received in terminal is determined according to target terminal information,
And H transformation and measurement operation are successively carried out to the non-targeted particle for receiving terminal, obtain the second measurement result；
Unitary transformation corresponding with second measurement result is carried out to the particle of the intended recipient terminal, is recovered to be passed
It delivers letters breath.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the determining terminal that sends is to the chain received between fringe node
Formula channel, comprising:
It constructs based on transmission terminal, send fringe node, intermediate node, reception fringe node, multiple candidate amounts for receiving terminal
Sub- communication system；
Between any two according to the transmission terminal, the transmission fringe node, the intermediate node, the reception fringe node
Quantum entanglement channel determines the chain type channel that the transmission terminal directly arrives between the reception fringe node.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the determination reception fringe node and multiple candidate receptions
GHZ channel between terminal, comprising:
By the reception fringe node and each candidate Bell channel received between terminal, it is converted into the reception edge
GHZ channel between node and the multiple candidate reception terminal.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal,
Obtain the first measurement result, comprising:
Operation is measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the first measurement result, wherein
First particle indicates that the amplitude information of state to be prepared, second particle indicate the phase information of state to be prepared.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described that operation is measured to the particle for sending terminal,
Obtain the first measurement result, comprising:
Operation is measured to first particle for sending terminal and the second particle respectively, obtains the first measurement result, wherein
First particle is possessed by the transmission terminal and transmission terminal described in particle pair of tangling for receiving fringe node
Particle, second particle indicates particle state to be transmitted.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that determine the multiple candidate according to target terminal information described
Before intended recipient terminal and non-targeted reception terminal in reception terminal, further includes:
The target terminal information is sent to the reception fringe node by the transmission terminal.
7. a kind of quantum communication system of end delay selection characterized by comprising
It sends terminal: for measuring operation to owned particle, obtaining the first measurement result, described first is operated
As a result it is sent to reception fringe node, wherein the transmission terminal is to there are chain type channels between the reception fringe node；
The reception fringe node: for carrying out positive change corresponding with first measurement result to owned particle
It changes；Multiple candidate intended recipient terminals and non-targeted reception terminal received in terminal are determined according to target terminal information；Wherein,
There are GHZ channels between the reception fringe node and the multiple candidate reception terminal；
The non-targeted reception terminal: for successively carrying out H transformation and measurement operation to owned particle, the second survey is obtained
Measure result；
The intended recipient terminal: for carrying out positive change corresponding with second measurement result to owned particle
It changes, recovers information to be transmitted.
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