CN110212879A - The transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier - Google Patents

The transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110212879A
CN110212879A CN201910416161.1A CN201910416161A CN110212879A CN 110212879 A CN110212879 A CN 110212879A CN 201910416161 A CN201910416161 A CN 201910416161A CN 110212879 A CN110212879 A CN 110212879A
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power
primary coil
output
power amplifier
parallel
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徐鸿涛
殷韵
熊亮
李通
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Fudan University
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Fudan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0211Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/211Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/24Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/537A transformer being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, specially a kind of transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier.Power amplifier of the invention includes transistor level active part and the passive network part based on transformers connected in parallel synthesis;Active part is realized using the power amplifier of the pure simulation of voltage-mode, numerical model analysis or all digital type;Passive part realizes parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion.Compared with envelope tracking power amplifier, power supply modulator module is eliminated, the processing capacity much higher than signal bandwidth is not needed for broadband application;Compared with the power amplifier of traditional rollback efficiency enhancing, does not need quarter-wave transmission line or multiple transformers do impedance transformation, it is only necessary to occupy single transformer area.Structure of the invention is succinct, area compact, and higher efficiency can be maintained in the output power range of 0-18dB, meets low cost, the high efficiency demand of the communications applications such as 5G.

Description

The transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of power amplifier circuit.
Background technique
The rapid development of wireless communication technique greatly changes people's lives, supports that 2G/3G/4G/5G is mobile at present The smart phone and tablet computer of the applications such as communication, wireless lan (wlan), bluetooth (Bluetooth) have become people day The standard configuration often lived.As the user experience of electronic equipment is promoted, demand of the people to message transmission rate is higher and higher, Wireless communication standard develops to broader bandwidth and more complicated modulation direction, such as 802.11ac/ax, LTE-A/LTE-pro, this gives nothing The design of line transmitter especially radio-frequency power amplifier (PA) brings larger challenge.For example, the letter that 802.11ax standard is supported Road bandwidth increases to 160MHz from the 40MHz of 802.11n, and modulation system is even more to increase to 1024QAM from 64QAM.Broader letter More stringent requirements are proposed for the linearity performance of road bandwidth and more complicated modulation system to transmitter.In general, in order to meet compared with Linearity when high transmitting power, PA need work in back-off state, cause emission effciency and sharply deteriorate.
Power amplifier is the Key Circuit module in radio frequency front end chip, and the mould of power consumption is most consumed in entire chip Block.As CMOS technology is reduced to deep-submicron and nano-scale, radio frequency front end chip is gradually real with digital baseband chip It is existing fully integrated, so that the cost of whole system significantly reduces.But it is limited to the high substrate loss of CMOS technology, low power supply electricity The problems such as pressure, low breakdown voltage, the Research Challenges of the integrated always industry of efficient power amplifier.
Currently, academia and industry propose a variety of solutions in terms of efficient power amplifier both at home and abroad, It is roughly divided into two classes: power modulation and load modulation.Power modulation technology includes envelope-tracking, the modulation of Class-G dual power supply etc.. Power modulation technology usually requires to realize a linear power supply modulator, can equally encounter efficiency and the linearity and compromise.This Outside, broadband application proposes high requirement to the tracking velocity of power supply modulator.Doherty PA is a kind of load modulation technique, It cooperates to change load impedance when different output power by master and slave PA, can be real in wider output power range Existing higher efficiency.For the power combing and load change for realizing master and slave PA, it is four points integrated that Doherty PA usually requires on piece One of wavelength transmission line or at least two transformers, thus expend biggish chip area, increase application cost.
Above-mentioned framework there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention propose it is a kind of based on transformers connected in parallel synthesis compact type power put Big device structure.Compared with traditional rollback efficiency enhancement techniques, power amplifier proposed by the present invention is synthesized using transformers connected in parallel Structure, it is only necessary to occupy single transformer area can be achieved with parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and it is differential-to-single-ended Conversion.In addition to peak power point, also there are three additional rollback efficiency peak points for tool, to improve average emitted efficiency.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of transformers connected in parallel synthesis of inexpensive, efficient deep rollback efficiency enhancing Power amplifier.
Transformers connected in parallel proposed by the present invention synthesizes power amplifier, has the characteristics that compact-sized, only takes up single change Depressor area can be achieved with parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion.In addition to peak power point, Also there are three additional rollback efficiency peak points for tool, improve average emitted efficiency and reduce chip area.
Transformers connected in parallel proposed by the present invention synthesizes power amplifier, simultaneously by transistor level active part and based on transformer The passive network part composition being unified into;Wherein, active part uses the pure simulation of voltage-mode, numerical model analysis or all digital type Power amplifier realize;Passive part completes power combing using transformers connected in parallel synthesizer, load impedance is modulated and poor Assign to single-ended conversion.
In the present invention, active part include three identical difference PA(be denoted as PA2(111 respectively), PA3(112), PA4(113)) and a PA1(110 that may be implemented from differential-to-single-ended work);Passive network part is by transformers connected in parallel Synthesizer (210) and matching circuit element (211) composition, matching circuit element (211) connect output loading (310);Wherein, transformation Device parallel synthesis device (210) includes primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3, primary coil 4 and secondary coil, primary line Circle 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and primary coil 4 are coupled in parallel to secondary coil, the circle of primary coil and secondary coil Optimal impedance of the number than depending on power amplifier;PA1(110) anode output and PA4(113) negative terminal output by just Grade coil 1 is connected, PA4(113) anode output be connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA2(111) by primary coil 2, PA2 (111) anode output is connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA3(112) by primary coil 3, PA3(112) anode export and PA1 (110) negative terminal output is connected by primary coil 4 finally completes power combing at secondary coil, and passes through match circuit Element (211) passes to output loading (310).
The power amplifier of rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention, there are four efficiency peak points for tool, are located at peak value At power, 6dB back-off, 12dB back-off and 18dB back-off: when be in peak power when, PA1(110), PA2 (111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) fully open and in full amplitude of oscillation state, PA1(110 at this time), PA2(111), PA3 (100) and PA4(101) load impedance is identical;When being in 6dB rollback power, PA1(110) and PA2(111) fully open, PA3(112 it completely closes) and PA4(113) and output is connected in high-impedance state and by the switch SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, this When PA1(110) and 2 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance PA2(111), output electric current is reduced to peak power When 1/2, thus generate an additional 6dB rollback efficiency peak point;When being in 12dB back-off, PA1(110) completely Open, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) completely close and output is in high-impedance state and by the switch of differential ends SW2, SW3 and SW4 conducting, at this time PA1(110) 4 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance, output electric current is reduced to When peak power 1/4 to generate an additional 12dB rollback efficiency peak point;When being in 18dB back-off, PA1 (110) difference anode branch fully open and negative terminal branch be connected to ground, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) completely Close and output be connected in high-impedance state and by switch SW2, SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, at this time PA1(110) load resistance Resist 8 times when being increased to its peak power, 1/8 when output electric current is reduced to peak power is to generate an additional 18dB Rollback efficiency peak point.
Therefore, when being in 6dB rollback power, the output work of the power amplifier of rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention Rate and DC power are reduced to 1/4 when peak value, can produce an additional 6dB rollback efficiency peak point, referring to Fig. 3 institute Show;When being in 12dB rollback power, the output power and direct current of the power amplifier of rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention Power consumption is reduced to 1/16 when peak value, can produce an additional 12dB rollback efficiency peak point, shown in Figure 4;When When in 18dB rollback power, the output power and DC power of the power amplifier of rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention are equal It is reduced to 1/64 when peak value, can produce an additional 18dB rollback efficiency peak point, it is shown in Figure 5.With tradition Class-B power amplifier is compared, and the power amplifier of transformers connected in parallel synthesis rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention is significant Improve back-off efficiency, and higher efficiency can be maintained in wider output power range, thus meet NB-IoT, The demand of the high peak-to-average power ratios communications applications such as LTE, WLAN, 5G.
The power amplifier of transformers connected in parallel power combing rollback efficiency enhancing proposed by the present invention has compact-sized Feature, parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended turn can be completed by only taking up single transformer area It changes.According to impedance transformation ratio, there are many implementation, Fig. 6 to provide a kind of symmetrical reality for the transformers connected in parallel power combiner Existing mode.Primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and primary coil 4 have symmetry, PA1(110), PA2(111), PA3(112 four symmetrical corners of transformers connected in parallel synthesizer) and PA4(113) are placed in, so that primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and the same phase of 4 current direction of primary coil improve the primary coil quality of power combiner to enhance electromagnetism The factor reduces loss.
Beneficial effect
Transformers connected in parallel proposed by the present invention synthesis rollback efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier have the characteristics that it is compact-sized, only Occupying single transformer area can be achieved with parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion.Except peak It is worth outside power points, also there are three additional rollback efficiency peak points for tool, improve average emitted efficiency and reduce chip area.
The advantage of the invention is that eliminating power modulation compared with the envelope tracking power amplifier relatively mostly used at present Device module does not need the processing capacity much higher than signal bandwidth for broadband application.Meanwhile enhancing skill with traditional rollback efficiency The power amplifier of art is compared, and does not need quarter-wave transmission line or multiple transformers do impedance transformation, is only taken up single Transformer area can be achieved with parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion.Therefore, the present invention mentions Transformers connected in parallel synthesis rollback efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier structure out is succinct, and area compact can be wider defeated Higher efficiency is maintained in power bracket out, meet the high peak-to-average power ratios communications applications such as NB-IoT, LTE, WLAN, 5G low cost, High efficiency demand.
Digital deep rollback power amplifier proposed by the present invention, provides effective solution side for radio frequency chip is fully integrated Case especially suitable for the wireless communications application scene of low cost, such as can be used in digital emission system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: transformers connected in parallel synthesizes power amplifier structure figure --- the peak power of rollback efficiency enhancing.
Fig. 2: transformers connected in parallel synthesizes power amplifier structure figure --- the 6dB rollback power of rollback efficiency enhancing.
Fig. 3: transformers connected in parallel synthesizes power amplifier structure figure --- the 12dB rollback power of rollback efficiency enhancing.
Fig. 4: transformers connected in parallel synthesizes power amplifier structure figure --- the 18dB rollback power of rollback efficiency enhancing.
Fig. 5: transformers connected in parallel synthesize rollback efficiency enhancing efficiency power amplifier curve and with traditional Class-B power Amplifier compares.
Fig. 6: the implementation example of transformers connected in parallel power combiner.
Fig. 7: digital power amplifier is applied to digital transmitter system Sample Scenario.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, transformers connected in parallel synthesizes rollback efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier by active part and passive portion It is grouped as.Active part include three identical difference PA, respectively PA2(111), PA3(112), PA4(113) and One PA1(110 that may be implemented from differential-to-single-ended work);Passive network part by transformers connected in parallel synthesizer (210) and Matching circuit element (211) composition, matching circuit element (211) connect output loading (310);Wherein, transformers connected in parallel synthesizer It (210) include primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3, primary coil 4 and secondary coil, primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and primary coil 4 are coupled in parallel to secondary coil, and the turn ratio of primary coil and secondary coil depends on function The optimal impedance of rate amplifier;PA1(110 anode output) is connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA4(113) by primary coil 1 Connect, PA4(113) anode output be connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA2(111) by primary coil 2, PA2(111) anode Export and is connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA3(112) by primary coil 3, PA3(112) anode export and PA1(110) negative terminal Output is connected by primary coil 4 finally completes power combing at secondary coil, and is passed by matching circuit element (211) Pass output loading (310).When be in peak power when, PA1(110), PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) completely Open and in full amplitude of oscillation state, at this time PA1(110), PA2(111), PA3(100) and load impedance PA4(101) it is identical.
As shown in Fig. 2, when being in 6dB rollback power, PA1(110) and PA2(111) fully open, PA3(112) and PA4(113 it) completely closes and output is connected in high-impedance state and by the switch SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, at this time PA1(110) And PA2(111) 2 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance, output electric current is reduced to 1/2 when peak power, from And generate an additional 6dB rollback efficiency peak point.
As shown in figure 3, when be in 12dB back-off when, PA1(110) fully open, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113 it) completely closes and output is connected in high-impedance state and by switch SW2, SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, at this time PA1 (110) load impedance is increased to 4 times when its peak power, and 1/4 when output electric current is reduced to peak power is to generate One additional 12dB rollback efficiency peak point.
As shown in figure 4, when be in 18dB back-off when, PA1(110) difference anode branch fully open and negative terminal branch Road is connected to ground, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) completely close and output in high-impedance state and passes through differential ends Switch SW2, SW3 and SW4 conducting, PA1(110 at this time) 8 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance, export electric current When being reduced to peak power 1/8 to generate an additional 18dB rollback efficiency peak point.
As shown in figure 5, transformers connected in parallel synthesis proposed by the present invention retracts compared with traditional Class-B power amplifier Efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier has peak power, 6dB rollback power, 12dB rollback power and 18dB rollback power four Efficiency peak point can maintain higher efficiency in very wide output power range, thus meet NB-IoT, LTE, WLAN, The demand of the high peak-to-average power ratios communications applications such as 5G.
Embodiment
Transformers connected in parallel synthesis rollback efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier structure proposed by the present invention is compact, only takes up list A transformer area can be achieved with parallel power synthesizer.According to impedance transformation ratio, transformers connected in parallel power combiner has more Kind implementation, Fig. 6 provide a kind of symmetrical implementation.Primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and primary coil 4 With symmetry, PA1(110), PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) be placed in four of transformers connected in parallel synthesizer it is right Claim corner, so that primary coil 1, primary coil 2, primary coil 3 and the same phase of 4 current direction of primary coil, to enhance electromagnetism, The primary coil quality factor of power combiner is improved, loss is reduced.
In today of wireless communication technique and integrated circuit technology fast development, radio circuit is carried out using digitizing technique Design has been irresistible trend, therefore digital deep rollback power amplifier proposed by the present invention is radio frequency chip complete or collected works At effective solution scheme is provided, especially suitable for inexpensive wireless communications application scene.It is as shown in Figure 7 according to figure.From base IQ digital signal with outflow needs not move through other additional processing, direct and baseband signal processing module (10) each mould Block is connected, and IQ baseband signal first passes through digital pre-distortion block (11), and then connection up-sampling module (12), is passing through number Word filter module (13), final signal are sent to polar coordinates conversion module (14) and carry out last conversion process, obtain institute The range signal and phase signal needed, range signal pass through amplitude modulation module (20), and phase signal passes through phase-modulation mould Block (21), final signal are directly connected with digital power amplifier proposed by the present invention (30), constitute complete digital hair Penetrate system.
Therefore, the invention proposes a kind of low costs, the power of efficient transformers connected in parallel synthesis rollback efficiency enhancing Amplifier only takes up single transformer area and realizes parallel power synthesis, load impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion. In addition to peak power point, also there are three additional rollback efficiency peak points for tool, improve average emitted efficiency and reduce chip Area.Compared with the envelope tracking power amplifier relatively mostly used at present, power supply modulator module is eliminated, broadband is answered With not needing the processing capacity much higher than signal bandwidth.Compared with the power amplifier of traditional rollback efficiency enhancement techniques, it is not required to Quarter-wave transmission line or multiple transformers is wanted to do impedance transformation, it is only necessary to occupy single transformer area.Therefore, of the invention The transformers connected in parallel synthesis rollback efficiency enhancement techniques power amplifier structure of proposition is succinct, and area compact can be wider Higher efficiency is maintained in output power range, suitable for the high peak-to-average power ratios communications applications such as NB-IoT, LTE, WLAN, 5G it is low at Originally, high efficiency demand.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier, which is characterized in that by the active portion of transistor level Divide and the passive network part based on transformers connected in parallel synthesis forms;Wherein, active part uses the pure simulation of voltage-mode, digital-to-analogue The power amplifier of mixing or all digital type is realized;Passive part is completed power combing using transformers connected in parallel synthesizer, is born Carry impedance modulation and differential-to-single-ended conversion;Wherein:
Active part includes a three identical difference PA and difference PA1 that may be implemented from differential-to-single-ended work (110), three difference PA are denoted as PA2(111 respectively), PA3(112), PA4(113);It is closed by transformers connected in parallel passive network part It grows up to be a useful person (210) and matching circuit element (211) composition, matching circuit element (211) connects output loading (310);Wherein, transformer Parallel synthesis device (210) includes the first primary coil (1), the second primary coil (2), third primary coil (3), the 4th primary line Enclose (4) and secondary coil, the first primary coil (1), the second primary coil (2), third primary coil (3) and the 4th primary coil (4) it is coupled in parallel to secondary coil, the turn ratio of four primary coils and secondary coil depends on the optimal of power amplifier Impedance;PA1(110 anode output) is connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA4(113) by the first primary coil (1), PA4 (113) anode output is connected with the output of the negative terminal of PA2(111) by the second primary coil (2), PA2(111) anode it is defeated Be connected out with the output of the negative terminal of PA3(112) by third primary coil (3), PA3(112) anode export and PA1(110) Negative terminal output is connected by the 4th primary coil (4) finally completes power combing at secondary coil, and passes through match circuit Element (211) passes to output loading (310).
2. power amplifier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that there are four efficiency peak points for tool, are located at peak Be worth power, 6dB back-off, at 12dB back-off and 18dB back-off: when being in peak power, PA1(110), PA2 (111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) fully open and in full amplitude of oscillation state, PA1(110 at this time), PA2(111), PA3 (112) and PA4(113) load impedance is identical;When being in 6dB rollback power, PA1(110) and PA2(111) fully open, PA3(112 it completely closes) and PA4(113) and output is in high-impedance state, and be connected by the switch SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, PA1(110 at this time) and 2 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance PA2(111), output electric current is reduced to peak work 1/2 when rate, to generate an additional 6dB rollback efficiency peak point;When being in 12dB rollback power, PA1(110) it is complete Full open, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) completely close and output is in high-impedance state, and opening by differential ends Close SW2, SW3 and SW4 conducting, at this time PA1(110) 4 times when being increased to its peak power of load impedance, output electric current reduces 1/4 when for peak power, to generate an additional 12dB rollback efficiency peak point;When being in 18dB rollback power, PA1(110 difference anode branch) fully opens and negative terminal branch is connected to ground, PA2(111), PA3(112) and PA4(113) Completely close and output be in high-impedance state, and be connected by switch SW2, SW3 and SW4 of differential ends, at this time PA1(110) Load impedance is increased to 8 times when its peak power, and 1/8 when output electric current is reduced to peak power is additional to generate one 18dB rollback efficiency peak point.
3. power amplifier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be symmetric form: the first primary coil (1), the Two primary coils (2), third primary coil (3) and the 4th primary coil (4) have symmetry, PA1(110), PA2(111), PA3(112 four symmetrical corners of transformers connected in parallel synthesizer) and PA4(113) are placed in, so that the first primary coil (1), Two primary coils (2), third primary coil (3) and the 4th same phase of primary coil (4) current direction are improved to enhance electromagnetism The primary coil quality factor of power combiner reduces loss.
CN201910416161.1A 2019-05-20 2019-05-20 The transformers connected in parallel of rollback efficiency enhancing synthesizes power amplifier Pending CN110212879A (en)

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CN113746432A (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-03 电子科技大学 Power amplifier and back-off efficiency improvement control method thereof
CN115051661A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-09-13 广东工业大学 High-integration-level out-phase power amplifier based on dynamic power control

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113746432A (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-03 电子科技大学 Power amplifier and back-off efficiency improvement control method thereof
CN115051661A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-09-13 广东工业大学 High-integration-level out-phase power amplifier based on dynamic power control

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Application publication date: 20190906