CN110212865A - Programmable beam adjuster - Google Patents
Programmable beam adjuster Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212865A CN110212865A CN201910449016.3A CN201910449016A CN110212865A CN 110212865 A CN110212865 A CN 110212865A CN 201910449016 A CN201910449016 A CN 201910449016A CN 110212865 A CN110212865 A CN 110212865A
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- magnetic field
- photonic crystal
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- beam adjuster
- wave
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- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron yttrium Chemical group [Fe].[Y] MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219991 Lythraceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014360 Punica granatum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBMLJKBBKGNETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium manganese Chemical compound [Mg].[Mn] KBMLJKBBKGNETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C7/00—Modulating electromagnetic waves
- H03C7/02—Modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission lines, waveguides, cavity resonators or radiation fields of antennas
- H03C7/022—Modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission lines, waveguides, cavity resonators or radiation fields of antennas using ferromagnetic devices, e.g. ferrites
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of programmable beam adjusters, the beam adjuster is made of parity and the time symmetry photonic crystal periodic array that broken scarce but parity-time symmetry is kept simultaneously, soft magnetic ferrite square column and the aluminium oxide ceramics column of identical size are close to form primitive unit cell up and down, and with certain lattice constant a periodic arrangement under air background, this quasi- two-dimensional structure is integrally placed in the parallel-plate waveguide of a height of h.Electromagnetic wave incident direction is parallel with the boundary line direction of soft magnetic ferrite and aluminium oxide ceramics column.Bias magnetic field HzIn the z-direction, size is in the direction y every nyThe deflection of wave beam may be implemented when a change of gradient, and to the certain array ratio in the direction x, i.e. nx2:nx1Photonic crystal the big reversed bias magnetic field H such as apply respectivelyzWhen may be implemented wave beam zero phase delay.The beam adjuster can be the periodicity n in the direction x, yx、nyAnd bias magnetic field HzFreedom degree with working frequency f as programming, structure is simple, and flexibly and adjustability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology field, a kind of be related under special symmetry photonic crystal periodicity battle array
Array structure, and in particular to a kind of programmable beam adjuster can be used to implement the zero-lag of wave beam deflection and phase.
Background technique
It is always research hotspot in recent years that phase, which regulates and controls the adjusting of bring wave beam, and wherein the zero phase of wave beam postpones in core
The concern that attract many people in piece design will not generate space phase variation, can farthest retain when electromagnetic wave passes through
Raw information.At present mainly using resonance magnetic conductivity or resonance dielectric constant and using with triple or double dirac degeneracy
The photonic crystal of point realizes zero refractive material, obtains the phase velocity for tending to be infinitely great.But these implementation methods usually require complexity
Structure, and zero refraction characteristic be strongly depend on design feature, once structure determination working frequency can also determine therewith, not enough
Flexibly and easily, further application is hindered.And parity (Party) and time (Time) symmetry are broken simultaneously scarce but still keep space
The photonic crystal of title-time (PT) symmetry is found to have increasingly as a kind of periodic structure with special symmetry
Mostly unusual electromagnet phenomenon, wherein unidirectional phase velocity can be used to realize phase cancellation and construct equiphase gradient, it is wave beam
Regulation brings new possibility.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of structures simply, flexibly adjustable and compiling with certain bandwidth
Journey beam adjuster.
Technical solution: for achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of programmable beam adjuster, by parity and time symmetry, broken scarce but parity-time symmetry is kept simultaneously
Photonic crystal periodic array constitute, the aluminium oxide ceramics column of soft magnetic ferrite square column and identical size is close to form original up and down
Born of the same parents, and be integrally placed in parallel-plate waveguide under air background with certain lattice constant a periodic arrangement；Electromagnetic wave incident side
To consistent with the boundary line direction of soft magnetic ferrite and aluminium oxide ceramics column；Bias magnetic field HzIn the z-direction, size is in the direction y
Every nyA change of gradient is to realize the deflection of wave beam, and in the direction x, the photonic crystal of certain array ratio applies etc. big reversed respectively
Bias magnetic field HzTo realize the zero phase delay of wave beam；Wherein the direction x is consistent with electromagnetic wave incident direction, and the direction y is in waveguide
Plane is vertical with the direction x, and the direction z is perpendicular to planar waveguide, nyFor the array period number of the direction y same magnetic field；Along the direction x, y
Periodicity nx、nyAnd bias magnetic field HzFreedom degree with working frequency f all as programming.
Further, the soft magnetic ferrite is yttrium iron garnet or manganese magnesium ferrite.
Further, the height of the parallel-plate waveguide can be adjusted to ensure that working frequency in main mould area according to working frequency
Between.
Further, the photonic crystal periodic structure has unidirectional phase velocity in the case where waiting big reversed bias magnetic field.
Further, effect of the phase velocity feature of the photonic crystal periodic structure under opposing magnetic field is equivalent to reversely
The case where electromagnetic wave incident.
Further, equal frequencies line of the photonic crystal periodic structure under adjustable frequency range and bias magnetic field is complete
It is confined to wave number x-component k in first Brillouin-ZonexThe region of > 0 is confined to k completelyxThe region of < 0.
Further, the equal frequencies line of the photonic crystal periodic structure is in different operating frequency f or different bias magnetic field Hz
Similar change in shape is pressed down.
Further, the magnetic field size of the change of gradient in the y-direction is by photonic crystal under selected frequency, the bias magnetic field
In wave number x-component kxIt determines, adjacent nyWave-number difference Δ k under a different magnetic fieldxIt is constant, according toWith
Phase difference gradient constant in the y-direction on exit facet is obtained, whereinIt is adjacent different magnetic field in the direction y
Caused phase difference, Δ y=nyA is the array length under each same magnetic field in the y-direction.
Further, positive negative side under big reversed the array ratio and certain frequency, the size bias magnetic field such as described application
It is inversely proportional to wave number when being incident to photonic crystal periodic structure.
Working principle: parity symmetry and time symmetry are broken simultaneously, but still keep parity-time symmetry light
The solution of sub- crystal, wave equation can occur in non-paired form, this can not only bring nonreciprocal energy flow, also result in
Nonreciprocal transmission of phase.When both forward and reverse directions are normally incident in photonic crystal, can show as respectively left hand type forward direction transmission and
The transmission of right handed forward direction.The different bias magnetic field H in adjustable extentzOr the equal frequencies line under different frequency f is become with similar shape
Change, the wave number k of change of gradient can be obtainedx, and adjacent array length Δ y=n in the y-directionyThe phase difference of aThe available constant phase difference gradient on exit facetWith reality
Existing wave beam deflection.According to symmetry principle, overturn bias magnetic field direction be equal to incidence wave is reversed, it is possible to pass through letter
The direction for singly overturning bias magnetic field in the x-direction obtains opposite phase velocity, and applies two kinds of magnetic reversed each other by adjusting
The photonic crystal arrays ratio of field can realize the counteracting of phase.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of programmable beam adjuster structure proposed by the present invention is simple, it can be respectively by adjusting x, y
The bias magnetic field H in directionzWith the periodicity n of photonic crystalx、nyRealize the deflection and zero phase of wave beam simultaneously in certain frequency band
Delay, integrated level is high, and flexibly and adjustability is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is primitive unit cell schematic diagram of the invention.Wherein 1 indicate soft magnetic ferrite, 2 indicate aluminium oxide ceramics.
Fig. 3 is periodic structure energy band diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the isofrequency map of periodic structure third energy band of the invention.
Fig. 5 be periodic structure of the invention along the direction+x incidence f=13.8GHz electromagnetic wave when difference bias magnetic field under
Normalization wave number size | kx1·(a/2π)|。
Fig. 6 is the direction x periodicity n of the present inventionx=6, successively successively decrease in each lattice constant application table 1 in the y-direction
Bias magnetic field, the i.e. direction y periodicity nyThe field distribution situation that wave beam deflects when=1.
Fig. 7, which is the array ratio under the positive and negative in the x-direction bias magnetic field of the present invention, obtains the electricity of zero phase delay when being 13:2
Field distribution situation.
Fig. 8 is the variation relation of the phase difference and frequency of exit facet and the plane of incidence under Fig. 7 array structure.
Fig. 9 is the variation relation of Fig. 7 array structure S21 and frequency.
In Fig. 3, left side embeds the primitive unit cell that figure is periodic structure, and black square indicates yttrium iron garnet YIG, and lower section abuts
White square be aluminium oxide ceramics column.It is corresponding first Brillouin-Zone that right side, which embeds figure,.
In Fig. 5, equal frequencies line of figure when being f=13.8GHz under different bias magnetic fields is embedded.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate
It the present invention rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention each
The modification of kind equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of programmable beam adjuster disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention, same by parity and time symmetry
When it is broken lack but photonic crystal periodic array that parity-time symmetry is kept is constituted, soft magnetic ferrite square column and identical size
Aluminium oxide ceramics column is close to form primitive unit cell (such as Fig. 2) up and down, and is periodically arranged under air background with certain lattice constant a
Column, this quasi- two-dimensional structure are integrally placed in the parallel-plate waveguide of a height of h.Asymmetric space structure indicates P symmetry
It is broken to lack, and soft magnetic ferrite has the characteristics that T Broken Symmetry under saturated magnetization.Electromagnetic wave incident direction and soft magnetic ferrite
It is consistent with the boundary line direction of aluminium oxide ceramics column.Bias magnetic field HzIn the z-direction, the embodiment of the present invention is by existing bias magnetic field
The direction y changes the deflection to realize wave beam in gradient, or the big reversed biasing magnetic such as applies respectively to the certain array ratio in the direction x
Field is postponed with the zero phase for realizing wave beam.Wherein along the periodicity n in the direction x, yx、nyAnd bias magnetic field HzAll with working frequency f
It can be used as the freedom degree of programming.Below with reference to a specific structure example the structure feature and function that the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 3 show the energy band curve of programmable beam adjuster periodic structure of the present invention.Left side embeds figure
Structure primitive unit cell, black square indicate yttrium iron garnet YIG (soft magnetic ferrites such as magnesium Mn ferrite can also be used), and opposite dielectric is normal
Number εr=15, the 4 π M of saturation magnetization of soft magnetic ferrites=1750G.White square is aluminium oxide ceramics column, and opposite dielectric is normal
Number εr=9.5.Side length b is 3.8mm, with the lattice constant a of 12mm in air medium periodic arrangement.Parallel-plate waveguide is
Guarantee working frequency has chosen 10mm height in main mould section, can also adjust parallel-plate height according to frequency.Using along the side+z
To size is the bias magnetic field H of 700Oez, there is strong bending in dispersion curve.The frequency shown in black level dotted line in Fig. 3
Occur in rate range 11GHz to 16GHz about Brillouin zone center it is asymmetric protrusion and recess, imply w (k) ≠ w (-
K), it may appear that nonreciprocal transmission.
Fig. 4 show the periodic structure H of programmable beam adjuster of the present inventionzThird energy band when=700Oe
Isofrequency map, equal frequencies line is confined to first Brillouin-Zone wave vector x-component k in the frequency range of 13.18GHz to 13.89GHzx
(if magnetic field is overturn to the direction-z, the frequencies such as frequency range line can be confined to k in the region of < 0xIn the region of > 0).White curves
The equal frequencies line of photonic crystal and air under our taken frequency 13.8GHz is respectively indicated with black dotted lines circle.According to causality,
The direction of group velocity is consistent with the incident direction of electromagnetic wave in air in photonic crystal when+0 ° of incidence, and phase velocity is contrary,
Wave number x-component is kx1(corresponding wave number in photonic crystal when subscript 1 represents+0 ° of incidence) is that (+0 ° enters the transmission of left hand type forward direction
Phase and group velocities when penetrating in photonic crystal are indicated with black arrow), and group velocity and phase in photonic crystal when -0 ° of incidence
Directional velocity is consistent with the incident direction of electromagnetic wave in air, and wave number x-component is kx2(photon is brilliant when subscript 2 represents -0 ° of incidence
Corresponding wave number in body), it is right handed forward direction transmission (as shown in white arrow).
Fig. 5 show the periodic structure of programmable beam adjuster of the present invention in f=13.8GHz ,+0 ° (i.e. along+
The direction x) it is incident when normalize wave number size | kx1(a/2 π) | with the change curve of the direction+z difference bias magnetic field size.Take Hz
Equal frequencies line when=400Oe, 1000Oe and 1400Oe, f=13.8GHz is reduced with similar shape.It is quasi- with Origin multinomial
Have after conjunction,
|kx1(a/2 π) |=(1.91e-11) Hz 3-(4.20e-8)Hz 2+(9.35e-5)Hz+0.0185。
Table 1 is that programmable beam adjuster of the present invention presses above-mentioned fitting formula, the photonic crystal when keeping+0 ° of incidence
Middle wave-number difference Δ kx1Bias magnetic field H when constantzSpecific value.
Table 1
Fig. 6 show the direction programmable beam adjuster x periodicity n of the present inventionx=6, each lattice in the y-direction
The bias magnetic field H successively to successively decrease in constant application table 1z, i.e. the direction y periodicity nyThe field distribution situation that wave beam deflects when=1.+
Phase difference gradient when 0 ° of incidence on exit facet in the y-direction can be expressed asFor adjacent different magnetic field phase difference caused by the direction y, Δ y is each
Array length under kind same magnetic field in the y-direction.Deflection angle θ=14.7 ° of wave beam under taken parameter.If changing nxIt can change
Become the phase difference of accumulationChange nyIt can change Δ y, and equal frequencies line has similar changing rule in certain frequency band, adjusts
Working frequency f can also make deflection angle change.
Fig. 7 show programmable beam adjuster of the present invention and obtains zero phase delay under a kind of specific array ratio
Field distribution situation.Due to symmetry bring equivalence principle, the opposite unidirectional phase velocity of incident direction bring can be by
It overturns bias magnetic field to realize, -0 ° of incidence at this time and bias magnetic field can be equivalent to+0 ° of incidence along the direction+z but magnetic field is overturn to-z
Direction.Two kinds of magnetic reversal photonic crystals, which are combined, can obtain a pair of opposite phase velocity.Electromagnetic wave is brilliant by photon
The phase difference in the direction x of volume array can be expressed as Δ φ=kx1·d1-kx2·d2, d1And d2It is the width of two kinds of photonic crystals
Degree, respectively equal to nx1A and nx2a.In H known to the isofrequency map of Fig. 4zUnder=700Oe, f=13.8GHz, electromagnetic wave is in two kinds of light
The ratio between wave number size in sub- crystal is | kx2|:|kx1|=0.4538:0.0696 ≈ 6.5.In order to make phase difference 0, structure is needed
Make d2:d1=2:13, taking the periodicity of the magnetized photonic crystal in the direction-z in the x-direction is nx2The magnetized photon in the direction=2 ,+z is brilliant
The periodicity of body in the x-direction is nx1=13.
Fig. 8 is the phase difference of programmable beam adjuster exit facet and the plane of incidence under Fig. 7 array structure of the present invention
With the variation relation of frequency.Because | kx2|:|kx1| be slightly larger than 6.5, so at x=13a exit facet electric field phase and x=-2a
The electric field phase of place's plane of incidence cancellation at 13.812GHz (being slightly larger than 13.8GHz), phase difference is through zero crossing.
Fig. 9 is the variation relation of programmable beam adjuster S21 and frequency under Fig. 7 array structure of the present invention.It can
See that the value of S21 all fluctuates near -0.5dB in 13.7GHz to 13.85GHz range, efficiency of transmission is very high.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of programmable beam adjuster, which is characterized in that break scarce but parity-time pair simultaneously by parity and time symmetry
The photonic crystal periodic array that title property is kept is constituted, and the aluminium oxide ceramics column of soft magnetic ferrite square column and identical size is close to up and down
Formation primitive unit cell, and be integrally placed in parallel-plate waveguide under air background with certain lattice constant a periodic arrangement；Electromagnetism
Wave incident direction is consistent with the boundary line direction of soft magnetic ferrite and aluminium oxide ceramics column；Bias magnetic field HzIn the z-direction, size
In the direction y every nyA change of gradient is to realize the deflection of wave beam, and in the direction x, the photonic crystal of certain array ratio applies respectively
Deng big reversed bias magnetic field HzTo realize the zero phase delay of wave beam；Wherein the direction x is consistent with electromagnetic wave incident direction, the side y
To vertical with the direction x in planar waveguide, the direction z is perpendicular to planar waveguide, nyFor the array period number of the direction y same magnetic field；Edge
X, the periodicity n in the direction yx、nyAnd bias magnetic field HzFreedom degree with working frequency f all as programming.
2. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soft magnetic ferrite is yttrium iron pomegranate
Stone or magnesium Mn ferrite.
3. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the height of the parallel-plate waveguide can root
It is adjusted to ensure that working frequency in main mould section according to working frequency.
4. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photonic crystal periodic structure is waiting
There is unidirectional phase velocity under big reversed bias magnetic field.
5. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the phase of the photonic crystal periodic structure
The case where effect of the velocity characteristic under opposing magnetic field is equivalent to reversed electromagnetic wave incident.
6. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the photonic crystal periodic structure is can
The frequency range of tune and the equal frequencies line under bias magnetic field are confined to wave number x-component k in first Brillouin-Zone completelyxThe region of > 0
Or it is confined to k completelyxThe region of < 0.
7. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photonic crystal periodic structure etc.
Frequency line is in different operating frequency f or different bias magnetic field HzSimilar change in shape is pressed down.
8. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic of the change of gradient in the y-direction
Field size is by selecting the wave number x-component k under frequency, the bias magnetic field in photonic crystalxIt determines, adjacent nyWave under a different magnetic field
Number difference Δ kxIt is constant, according toTo obtain phase difference gradient constant in the y-direction on exit facet, whereinFor adjacent different magnetic field phase difference caused by the direction y, Δ y=nyA is under each same magnetic field along y
The array length in direction.
9. programmable beam adjuster according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battle array of the big opposing magnetic field such as described application
Wave number when column ratio is incident to photonic crystal periodic structure with both forward and reverse directions under certain frequency, the size bias magnetic field is at anti-
Than.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112490683A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-12 | 南京大学 | Mechanically adjustable electromagnetic deflector and electromagnetic wave reflection angle adjusting and controlling method thereof |
| RU213629U1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2022-09-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский университет "Московский институт электронной техники" | Photon splitter |
| US11637355B1 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2023-04-25 | Washington University | Fully integrated parity-time symmetric electronics |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| RU213629U1 (en) * | 2022-04-05 | 2022-09-20 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский университет "Московский институт электронной техники" | Photon splitter |
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| CN110212865B (en) | 2020-12-01 |
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