CN106681027B - Unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on magnetic photonic crystal and nonreciprocal device - Google Patents
Unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on magnetic photonic crystal and nonreciprocal device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106681027B CN106681027B CN201610965098.3A CN201610965098A CN106681027B CN 106681027 B CN106681027 B CN 106681027B CN 201610965098 A CN201610965098 A CN 201610965098A CN 106681027 B CN106681027 B CN 106681027B
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron yttrium Chemical group [Fe].[Y] MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on a magnetic photonic crystal and a nonreciprocal device. In the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure, a plurality of second dielectric columns are distributed on two sides of the first dielectric columns arranged in a row and are periodically arranged into two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals on the two sides respectively. The unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure and the nonreciprocal device form a defect structure by inserting first dielectric columns arranged in a row into a magnetic photonic crystal, and when a magnetic field is applied to a two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal region formed by second dielectric columns on two sides of the first dielectric columns, for example, opposite external bias magnetic fields are applied in a + Z direction, two unidirectional boundary modes with the same direction can be formed to form forward coupling, so that unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves and slow light characteristics can be realized. In addition, the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure overcomes the problems of large volume, large damage and difficult integration of traditional optical reciprocity devices such as an optical isolator and the like, and has wide market application value in nonreciprocal devices such as an optical communication device and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic application, in particular to a unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on a magnetic photonic crystal and a nonreciprocal device.
Background
The time reversal symmetry of the electromagnetic waves in the magnetic photonic crystal can be destroyed under the action of an external magnetic field, a unidirectional boundary mode is formed, and unidirectional transmission of the electromagnetic waves is caused. At present, the electromagnetic wave one-way boundary mode of the two-dimensional photonic crystal formed by magneto-optical materials is experimentally verified in a microwave band. The appearance of the unidirectional boundary mode of the electromagnetic wave provides a brand-new physical mechanism for realizing novel nonreciprocal photonic devices, and the functional devices can not be realized by using the traditional reciprocal electromagnetic mode. In addition, with the development of all-optical communication technology, the slow light phenomenon is also concerned by people. One key problem in the field at present is to solve the contradiction between slow light speed and narrow bandwidth. The reduction of bandwidth or the increase of group velocity dispersion causes the optical pulse to deform after being transmitted in the waveguide, resulting in signal distortion. How to effectively reduce the group velocity of electromagnetic waves on the premise of keeping a certain bandwidth is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, there is a need for a unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure and a non-reciprocal device based on magnetic photonic crystal that can effectively reduce the group velocity of electromagnetic waves while maintaining a certain bandwidth.
A unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on magnetic photonic crystals comprises a first dielectric column and a second dielectric column, wherein the first dielectric column and the second dielectric column are provided with a plurality of columns; the material of the first dielectric columns is ferromagnetic material, and a plurality of the first dielectric columns are arranged in at least one row; the second medium columns are made of magneto-optical materials, and a plurality of second medium columns are distributed on two sides of the first medium columns arranged in a row and are periodically arranged on two sides to form two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals.
In one embodiment, the material of the second dielectric pillar is yttrium iron garnet.
In one embodiment, the radius of the second dielectric column is 0.106 times the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, a plurality of the first dielectric pillars are arranged in a row.
In one embodiment, the distance between the central axes of the adjacent first dielectric pillars is equal to the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, the distance between the central axes of the adjacent first dielectric columns and the second dielectric columns is equal to the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, the radius of the first dielectric pillar is 0.19 times the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first dielectric cylinder is 1.5.
In one embodiment, the material of the first dielectric pillar is selected from at least one of iron, cobalt and nickel.
A non-reciprocal device comprising a unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure based on a magnetic photonic crystal as described in any of the above embodiments.
According to the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on the magnetic photonic crystal and the nonreciprocal device comprising the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure, the defect structure is formed by inserting the first dielectric columns arranged in a row into the magnetic photonic crystal, when a magnetic field is applied to the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal area formed by the second dielectric columns on two sides of the first dielectric columns, for example, opposite external bias magnetic fields are applied in the + Z direction, two unidirectional boundary modes with the same direction can be formed to form forward coupling, and unidirectional transmission and slow light characteristics of electromagnetic waves can be realized. In addition, the one-way slow light defect waveguide structure overcomes the problems of large volume, large damage and difficult integration of traditional optical reciprocity devices such as an optical isolator and the like, and has wide market application value in nonreciprocal devices such as an optical communication device and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure based on a magnetic photonic crystal according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a dispersion experimental diagram of the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3(a) - (d) are schematic diagrams of two-dimensional field pattern simulations of four different frequency points selected on the dispersion curve shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a power flow diagram of an electromagnetic wave at a fourth frequency point in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a dispersion curve corresponding to a first dielectric column of different radii;
FIG. 6 is a graph of group velocities of electromagnetic waves corresponding to first dielectric pillars with different radii;
fig. 7 is a group velocity curve of electromagnetic waves corresponding to the first dielectric pillars with different refractive indexes.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of a unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure 10 based on a magnetic photonic crystal includes a first dielectric pillar 100 and a second dielectric pillar 200. There are a plurality of first media columns 100 and a plurality of second media columns 200. The material of the first dielectric pillar 100 is a ferromagnetic material. The plurality of first media columns 100 are arranged in at least one row. The second dielectric columns 200 are made of magneto-optical materials, and a plurality of second dielectric columns 200 are distributed on two sides of the first dielectric columns 100 arranged in a row and are periodically arranged on two sides to form a two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
In the present embodiment, the material of the second dielectric column 200 may be, but is not limited to, a magneto-optical material such as Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). The lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal is a, that is, the distance between the central axes of the adjacent second dielectric pillars 200 is a. The radius of the second media column 200 is preferably, but not limited to, 0.106 a.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of first dielectric pillars 100 are arranged in a row. The first dielectric pillar 100 is made of a common magnetic material, such as at least one ferromagnetic material selected from iron, cobalt, and nickel. The distance between the central axes of the adjacent first dielectric columns 100 is equal to the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal, i.e., the distance between the central axes of the adjacent first dielectric columns 100 is also a. The distance between the central axes of the adjacent first media columns 100 and second media columns 200 is equal to a.
Further, in the present embodiment, through experimental studies, the radius of the first dielectric cylinder 100 is preferably 0.19a, and the first dielectric cylinder 100 is preferably made of a material with a refractive index of 1.5, so that the slow light characteristic can be improved, and the group velocity of the electromagnetic wave can be improved.
In order to introduce a defect structure into a periodically arranged two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal, the present embodiment forms a defect waveguide structure by replacing the middle second dielectric column 200 with the first dielectric columns 100 arranged in a column in a conventional two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal. In order to realize group velocities in the same direction and thus form a waveguide structure with unidirectional transmission by forward coupling of unidirectional electromagnetic boundary modes, opposite external bias magnetic fields are applied to the + Z direction of the second dielectric pillars 200 on both sides of the first dielectric pillars 100 in the row, for example, a positive direction magnetic field is applied to one side of the external bias magnetic fields, and a negative direction magnetic field is applied to the other side of the external bias magnetic fields, so that electromagnetic waves can be transmitted in the defective waveguide in a unidirectional manner.
The second dielectric pillars 200 at both sides of the first dielectric pillar 100 add magnetic fields in different directions to constitute two unidirectional boundary modes in the same direction, and the coupling between the two unidirectional boundary modes in the same direction is the forward coupling of the unidirectional boundary modes. A unidirectional air waveguide can be realized by utilizing this characteristic. This example uses Comsol software to simulate the dispersion map of the structure shown in fig. 1, with the results shown in fig. 2.
Four different frequencies on the dispersion curve of fig. 2 were chosen for simulation, corresponding to P1 (0; 0.5267), P2 (0.05; 0.5314), P3 (0.15; 0.542), and P4 (0.25; 0.5492), respectively. Fig. 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), 3(d) show the corresponding electric field components for these four frequency points, respectively, wherein the white five-pointed star marks the current source and the dark grey stripes or dot-like patterns represent the positive and negative electric field components. The results of fig. 3 show significant unidirectional transmission characteristics, but further comparing the graphs, it can be readily seen that the frequency P1 is similar to a passband mode because it is relatively close to the passband region, and the waveguide does not have any constraint on the optical waves at this frequency, which can be transmitted inside the photonic crystal. In contrast, the P2 frequency is relatively far from the passband, the waveguide has enhanced confinement to the light wave, and the light wave is transmitted inside the waveguide. For electromagnetic waves of frequencies P3 and P4, the confinement effect of the waveguide is further enhanced and light propagates mainly concentrated inside the waveguide.
Fig. 4 shows an energy flow diagram of an electromagnetic wave, and as a result, shows that the energy flow directions of the upper and lower second dielectric pillars 200 are opposite, and the one-way propagation characteristic of the electromagnetic wave is visually shown.
The present example further investigated the slow light characteristics of the above structure. The group velocity of the electromagnetic wave is improved by changing the radius size and the material characteristics of the dielectric column. Fig. 5 shows dispersion curves for different media column radii, and it is readily seen that as the media column radius decreases from 0.19a to 0.12a, the corresponding dispersion curve also gradually increases, and the smoothness of the front section of the curve significantly decreases. By the formula
The corresponding group velocity curves for different radius sizes were calculated and the results are shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from fig. 6, when the radius of the dielectric pillar is 0.19a, the group velocity value is generally stable and close to zero. And after the radius of the medium column is reduced, the group velocity becomes large.
Keeping the radius of the dielectric cylinder to be 0.19a, the present embodiment also adopts different materials to study the dependency relationship between the group velocity and the refractive index. Fig. 7 shows the calculation results, and it is easily found from fig. 7 that in the case where the radius of the dielectric cylinder is 0.19a, the case where n is 1.5 is preferable, and the group velocity change is relatively small and gradual.
In conclusion, by adopting the magnetic photonic crystal waveguide and optimizing the material structure parameters, the unidirectional transmission and the slow light characteristic of the electromagnetic wave can be realized simultaneously, and the research result has theoretical and application values.
In the unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure 10 based on the magnetic photonic crystal of the present embodiment, the defect structure is formed by inserting the first dielectric pillars 100 arranged in a column into the magnetic photonic crystal, and when a magnetic field is applied to the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal region formed by the second dielectric pillars 200 at both sides of the first dielectric pillars 100, for example, an opposite external bias magnetic field is applied in the + Z direction, two unidirectional boundary modes with the same direction can be formed to form forward coupling, so that unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves and slow light characteristics can be realized. In addition, the one-way slow light defect waveguide structure overcomes the problems of large volume, large damage and difficult integration of traditional optical reciprocity devices such as an optical isolator and the like, and has wide market application value in nonreciprocal devices such as an optical communication device and the like.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure based on magnetic photonic crystals is characterized by comprising a first dielectric column and a second dielectric column, wherein the first dielectric column and the second dielectric column are provided with a plurality of columns; the material of the first dielectric columns is ferromagnetic material, and a plurality of the first dielectric columns are arranged in at least one row; the second medium columns are made of magneto-optical materials, and a plurality of second medium columns are distributed on two sides of the first medium columns arranged in a row and are periodically arranged on two sides to form two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals respectively; applying opposite external bias magnetic fields to the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal region to form two unidirectional boundary modes with the same direction;
the material of the first dielectric column is selected from at least one of iron, cobalt and nickel.
2. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the material of the second dielectric pillar is yttrium iron garnet.
3. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure of claim 2, wherein the radius of the second dielectric cylinder is 0.106 times the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
4. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure of claim 3, wherein a plurality of the first dielectric pillars are arranged in a column.
5. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure of claim 4, wherein a distance between central axes of adjacent first dielectric pillars is equal to a lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
6. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow light defect waveguide structure of claim 5, wherein a distance between central axes of adjacent first and second dielectric pillars is equal to a lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
7. The magnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure of claim 6, wherein the radius of the first dielectric cylinder is 0.19 times the lattice constant of the two-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal.
8. A non-reciprocal device comprising a unidirectional slow optical defect waveguide structure based on magnetic photonic crystals as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN107015295B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-06-04 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of unidirectional bulk wave transmission method of honeycomb gyromagnet photonic crystal |
| CN108646442A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-12 | 南京邮电大学 | Four-way THz wave select switch based on magnetic photonic crystal |
| CN108649304B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2024-05-10 | 南京林业大学 | Electromagnetic wave isolator based on magneto-optical medium |
| CN110543058B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-11-24 | 华南理工大学 | Method for controlling slow light rainbow based on magneto-optical photonic crystal waveguide |
| CN110646958B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2023-08-18 | 南京林业大学 | Multichannel signal selector based on magneto-optical medium and PT symmetrical structure and application method thereof |
| CN111198414B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 电子科技大学 | Self-biased magneto-optical nonreciprocal super-structured surface device |
| CN115291324B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-05-26 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Silicon-based all-optical diode |
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| CN105137623A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-09 | 浙江工业大学 | Wavelength division demultiplexer based on photonic crystal non-commutative unidirectional waveguide |
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| CN105137623A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-12-09 | 浙江工业大学 | Wavelength division demultiplexer based on photonic crystal non-commutative unidirectional waveguide |
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| Design of nonreciprocal waveguide devices based on two-dimensional magneto-optical photonic crystals;Le Zhang;《Optics & Laser Technology》;20130410;全文 * |
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