CN110207915A - A kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model and test method - Google Patents
A kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110207915A CN110207915A CN201910398897.0A CN201910398897A CN110207915A CN 110207915 A CN110207915 A CN 110207915A CN 201910398897 A CN201910398897 A CN 201910398897A CN 110207915 A CN110207915 A CN 110207915A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P5/20—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using particles entrained by a fluid stream
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of railway ballast granular medias and bedding dynamic response model, the first ballast layer, the second ballast layer, sleeper and the track being successively laid on bedding including bedding and from bottom to up, bedding includes that model casing and the filler filled in model casing are native, model casing is upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case, two waist panels, two interface plates and the bottom plate of upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case are respectively adopted flexible board, semi-rigid plate and rigid plate and are made, and track is equipped with double impacting points；Magnet is embedded in railway ballast particle in first ballast layer；It further include magnetometer, magnetometer is for tracking magnet with the motion profile of railway ballast particle；It further include testing element, testing element is arranged on the filler soil of bedding.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: obtaining the railway ballast tracking observation of motion process and stress state of bedding vicinity railway ballast and bedding in flexible bedding in model by special setting and carrying out the sunken slot disease Micromechanics Behavior law of the related railway ballast of tracking observation acquisition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to granular media dynamics, fracture mechanics and Highway and Railway Engineering fields more particularly to a kind of railway ballast to dissipate
Body and bedding dynamic response model and test method.
Background technique
The Micromechanics mechanism that the sunken slot disease of existing railway roadbed railway ballast capsule, railway ballast is formed is studied, needing to study has tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. rail
Road railway ballast and bedding junction are in the m eso-m echanicalbehavior under Train induced load effect, the thin sight power of usual railway ballast particle and bedding
Scholarship and moral conduct can only be observed by indoor layer during similar model test and be obtained.
The dynamic response relationship of research Ballast track roadbed and ballast layer needs to obtain answering for the soil of filler under dynamic loading
Power, the distribution situation of strain, displacement, railway ballast dynamic response relationship need to obtain some section railway ballast at railway ballast and bedding contact surface
Action trail distribution situation.
When doing the dynamic load numerical simulation calculating at railway ballast and bedding contact surface, the physical and mechanical parameter of railway ballast and bedding
It obtains very crucial.
The design method of doors structure dynamic model test based on correspondence theorem.Test model and the prototype knot being modeled
It is similar that structure meets physical mechanics, needs to meet that geometric dimension is similar, stress-strain relation is similar, quality is similar and first with gravity
Beginning condition is similar with boundary condition.
The dimensional analysis of structural dynamic test determines the relationship between each physical quantity, the expression formula in linear-elastic range
It is as follows:
F (σ, l, E, ρ, t, u, v, a, g, ω)=0
λσ=λE
λu=λl
λ1=lp/lm
Cauchy
Froude
Wherein, σ, l, E, ρ, t, u, v, a, g, ω are followed successively by dynamic stress, length, elasticity modulus, density, time, displacement, speed
Degree, acceleration, acceleration of gravity, circular frequency.Using length l, density p and elastic modulus E as fundamental unknown variables.Definition λ is prototype
The likelihood ratio of physical quantity between model.λl,λυ,λERespectively geometric proportion ruler, mass density are than ruler, modular ratio ruler.
λσ、λt、λu、λv、λa、λg、λwRespectively stress ratio ruler, time scale ratio, deformation ratio ruler, speed ratio ruler, acceleration ratio
Ruler, acceleration of gravity compare ruler than ruler and circular frequency.P, m respectively represent prototype and model.Cauchy constant, Froude constant this just
It is about similar two essential constants of quality and gravity.Cauchy constant or Froude constant are consistent with prototype.
Law of gravity similarity: Froude constant reflects the requirement that inertia force is equal with the ratio of gravity between prototype and model,
That is law of gravity similarity.Law of gravity similarity can be used for studying the similarity relation that earth structure closes on failure stage.Law of gravity similarity
It is required that Froude Constant Model is consistent with prototype.
λg=1
λσ=λE,λu=λl,λa=λg=1,
The basis of driving specifically due to one of the major technique equipment that track is railway, subway, it directly bear by
The load that wheel transmits, and the buildings such as roadbed or bridge tunnel are transferred to, while also playing pilot engine vehicle steadily safety
The effect of operation.The characteristics of heavy haul railway mostly uses greatly Ballast track, Ballast track is the ballast bed structure as bulk solid, railway ballast
Gap is constantly present between particle.This gap can be made the mutual changing of the relative positions of railway ballast particle, be rearranged due to the vibration of external load
And reduce, also due to external pressure makes occur broken, dusting between each contact point of railway ballast particle (face), make particle arrangement more
Closely.Especially bridge tunnel location, basis is rigidity under line, natively than the orbit rigidity of roadbed section with regard to big, in heavy haul train
It acts on lower railway ballast and is easier to be crushed dirty, reduction railway roadbed elastic buffer function, impacted between aggravation wheel track, it is difficult to increase maintenance
Degree and workload, the railway roadbed in tunnel and bridge are easily damaged.
The experimental research on dynamic properties of railway ballast granular media has at home and abroad had many research achievements, and indoor granular media power is special
Property model test often by rigid abutment wall fill railway ballast granular media, then by power load, acquisition railway ballast in rigid abutment wall
Movement, deformation and wearing character, this method can only obtain dynamic characteristics of the railway ballast as independent research object, obtain related dynamic
Force parameter.But practical Railway situation is the bedding earth structure inherently flexible for supporting railway ballast, and railway ballast and bedding are in train
Under vibrations load effect, the effect that phase mutual friction will occur at contact surface, mutually destroy, interpenetrate has the road of tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. route
The tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. falls into slot disease and just sufficiently demonstrates this point, and the interaction at contact surface is not that railway ballast and rigid abutment wall institute can ratios
Quasi-.
With the fast development of railway construction in China cause, Subgrade Construction Quality is improved to have adapted to Leap-forward Development of Railway
Seem particularly significant.Railway bed is the important component of railway engineering, and as earthen structure, railway bed is mainly by base
Bed surface layer, bottom layer of subgrade and the following embankment composition of bedding, the sedimentation and deformation of roadbed is mainly the superposition of this few part sedimentation and deformation
It generates.China is completed the railway overwhelming majority to have based on tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. railway, have during long-term military service tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. railway bed by
The effect of circulative accumulation load to generate accumulated deformation, during military service sleeper by the vertical load of train driving bring and
The coupling of horizontal direction load is from there may be excessive displacements to lead to track failure.For having tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. rail under long service situation
The accumulated deformation situation of road ballast layer is due to that cannot destroy existing route roadbed so being difficult to carry out examination comprehensive in detail at the scene
Test examination, and the common banister chamber test of laboratory test at present can only be simple either vertically or horizontally to load (as crawled
Movement, train turning etc.) it is tested under load, the more complicated influence interpenetrated between the two can not be simulated.
With the development of passenger traffic high speed and shipping heavy loading, status of the railway transportation in communications and transportation system is increasingly
It is important.And basis of the track structure as railway transportation, under the repeated action of train load, often will appear fastener failure,
Sleeper hangs the unfavorable defect such as sky, settlement of subgrade.The presence of these defects is very unfavorable to the safe operation of train, and pole
The earth accelerates the fatigue damage of track structure.
In terms of the concern of roadbed dynamic response concentrates on train-wheel track-roadbed power coupling, railway ballast is modeled into
Spring or damping, have ignored damage of the railway ballast to bedding itself, and model test passes through to the particle at bedding and railway ballast contact surface
Thin sight power behavioral study, further recognize railway ballast fall into slot disease essential reason.
Layer during similar model test is an important research method of mechanics field, it is by research object with certain proportion (phase
Like ratio) it zooms in and out, meanwhile, loading environment, boundary condition, Material Physics parameter are also carried out according to certain similar proportion
Then the parameters such as the stress of structure, strain, displacement, void ratio are obtained and are studied by scaling, it has influence factor, examination
Test many advantages, such as condition is controllable, test result is reliable.
With the high speed development of China railways traffic, geotechnical engineering problems caused by traffic loading are increasingly people institute
Pay attention to.But now domestic traffic loading Experimental Method in Laboratory is classified as two classes mostly: first is that by dynamic triaxial tests to roadbed
The dynamic analysis of the soil body；Second is that carrying out the simulation to traffic loading by the vibratory test of low frequency servo loader.This two
Class experimental principle is all to carry out simulation test by way of simulating the shocking waveshape of traffic loading, does not have a scale model reduced scale
Traffic loading entity tested.
Geotechnological indoor model experiments are the research methods that geotechnical engineering project is widely used.Land movement settlement observation is
The primary test parameter of centrifugal modeling, as a result, the main influence of analytical soil sample stress distribution and underground structure mechanical property
Factor.Existing land movement test equipment be for engineering site experiment DATA REASONING, instrument range is larger, using its
Experimental data is directly read under laboratory experiment environment, causes laboratory experiment data test precision low.Indoor model experiments test number
According to smaller, ignore measuring accuracy factor, instrument error leads to test data of experiment and experimental bias is excessive or even error in data.With
The continuous development of computer technology and the appearance of various business finite element softwares, FInite Element obtained very fast development, and by
For in various analyses, such as thermodynamic analysis, flow dynamics analysis, machine components performance evaluation, structural static and kinematic analysis
Etc..It is right in the prior art in many papers or patent using establishing high-speed railway pile-blank subgrade finite element model
The dynamic response that Train induced load acts on roadbed after lower stake-plate structural strengthening is analyzed, wherein Train induced load with comprising
The exciter function that dead load and SIN function are formed by stacking is simulated, or according to the symmetry of railway track structure, with rail
Road longitudinal centre line is boundary, establishes the Finite element meshing model of 1/2 track-roadbed, and utilize this model analysis train speed
Spend the influence to roadbed dynamic stress and vehicle riding quality, dynamic displacement.It is limited that above method advances Ballast track significantly
The development of meta-model, but due to all using full solid modelling, therefore number of unit is relatively more, computational efficiency cannot be guaranteed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of railway ballast granular medias and bedding dynamic response model and test side
Method, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art described above.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model,
The first ballast layer, the second ballast layer, sleeper and the track being successively laid on bedding including bedding and from bottom to up, bedding packet
It includes model casing and fills the filler soil in model casing, model casing is upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case, upper end opening isosceles ladder
Two waist panels, two interface plates and the bottom plate of shape case are respectively adopted flexible board, semi-rigid plate and rigid plate and are made；Track is equipped with bidifly
Vibration point；
Magnet is embedded in railway ballast particle in first ballast layer；It further include magnetometer, magnetometer is for tracking magnet with road
The motion profile of tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. particle；
It further include testing element and data collecting instrument, testing element is arranged on the filler soil of bedding, testing element and number
It is electrically connected according to Acquisition Instrument.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
In the above scheme, railway ballast particle uses positive tetrahedron stone material in the first ballast layer.
In the above scheme, further include more tests rope, one end of every test rope with railway ballast in the first ballast layer
Grain is connected, and the other end is free end.
In the above scheme, testing element includes surface displacement meter, soil pressure cell and horizontal accelerometer, surface displacement meter
Setting is between the first ballast layer and filler soil, and soil pressure cell and horizontal accelerometer layered arrangement are in filler soil.
In the above scheme, two waist panels of upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case are made of transparent soft plastic plate, and upper end is open
Two interface plates of isosceles trapezoid case are made of transparent toughened plastic plate, and the bottom plate of upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case uses steel plate system
At.
It in the above scheme, further include video camera, the surrounding of model casing is disposed with video camera, the acquisition camera lens court of video camera
To the interface of the first ballast layer and filler soil.
A kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model test method, include the following steps:
Step 1, model design and construction: according to the related theory of similar test, the model of equal proportion scaling is constructed；
Step 2, debugging: testing element, data collecting instrument, video camera, vibration loading equipemtn and magnetometer are adjusted
Examination；
Step 3, test: a continuous shaking load is carried out to model bidifly vibration point, and survey is acquired by data collecting instrument in real time
Try element it is obtained acquisition data and dynamic load spectrum corresponding relationship, and using camera recordings model casing deformation and
The movable image of railway ballast particle in the first ballast layer of label, while passing through the movement of railway ballast particle of the magnetometer tracking with magnet
Track measures the test rope length degree on the railway ballast particle for submerging filler soil, obtains railway ballast particle position total in bedding
It moves, obtains movement rate of the railway ballast particle for submerging filler soil in bedding with the relationship of time by being displaced, statistics obtains road
Tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. particle submerges the related experiment parameter of filler soil.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: overcoming people to the limitation of rigid railway ballast granular media and flexible bedding interaction understanding
Property, the small scale laboratory test model of the interaction by establishing small scale railway ballast granular media and flexible bedding, it is suitable to choose
Shake table is loaded, by special setting, obtain the tracking observation of railway ballast motion process in flexible bedding in model with
And the related railway ballast of stress state progress tracking observation acquisition of bedding vicinity railway ballast and bedding falls into the Micromechanics behavior of slot disease
Rule, the rule include mainly variation of stress, strain variation rule, the motion profile of railway ballast in bedding etc., meet iron
Road care field falls into the punishment requirement of slot disease to railway ballast, while verifying it by researcher and building numerical simulation calculating mould
Type, especially wheel track-railway ballast-bedding dynamic response analysis model (railway ballast is with virtual condition presence) provide test data
Verifying.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram one of railway ballast granular media of the present invention and bedding dynamic response model；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram two of railway ballast granular media of the present invention and bedding dynamic response model；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram three of railway ballast granular media of the present invention and bedding dynamic response model；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram four of railway ballast granular media of the present invention and bedding dynamic response model；
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of model casing；
Fig. 6 is the main view of model casing；
Fig. 7 is the top view of model casing；
Fig. 8 is the side view of model casing.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 8, a kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model, including bedding 1 and from bottom to up according to
Secondary the first ballast layer 2 being laid on bedding 1, the second ballast layer 3, sleeper 4 and track 5, the first ballast layer 2 and the second ballast layer
3 thickness and be 10cm, bedding 1 include model casing 110 and fill in model casing 110 filler soil, model casing 110 be it is upper
Hold open isosceles trapezoid case, bottom width 0.2m, lower bottom width 0.8m, high 0.3m, length 0.7m on the opening isosceles trapezoid case of upper end, upper end
The bottom plate 113 of open isosceles trapezoid case is made of rigid plate, it is preferred to use the steel plate materials of thickness 2cm, for simulating railway
Two waist panels 111 on the fixed displacement boundary of 1 bottom of bedding, upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case are made of flexible board, it is preferred to use
It is made with a thickness of the transparent soft plastic plate of 2cm~4cm, for the flexible boundary of the practical railway side slope of embankment of model, plastic plate tool
There is certain consistency and elasticity, under appropriate load action, it is allowed to have certain deformation, this and practical railway side slope of embankment exist
The external drum of certain size can occur for long-term dynamic loading, and concrete gutter then can generate certain split because of the extruding of the soil body
Seam, therefore simulating the side slope of embankment of railway bed using flexible boundary is suitable, two boundaries of upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case
Panel 112 is made of semi-rigid plate, it is preferred to use hardness and rigidity are all preferable, and with a thickness of the transparent tempering glass of 3cm~6cm
Glass is simulated, the purpose for the arrangement is that the cross section of model casing 110 is modeled to fixed displacement boundary, the practical shape of this and railway
State is also almost the same.Frequency analysis is carried out to model casing 110 using ABAQUS software.
Sleeper 4 uses the finer wire concrete block of certain scaling, and the intensity of concrete block reaches C30 or more, track 5
Using processing steel disc, is connected between track 5 and sleeper 4 using nut processing, the sleeper 4 processed is placed on the second ballast layer
It on 3, and is fixed in the second ballast layer 3 with iron wire, when preventing exciter test, the dislocation of track 5 occurs.
Track 5 is equipped with double impacting points 510, and the line of the position of double impacting points 510 is the line of symmetry of model, according to model
Size and Position of Vibrating the suitable vibration loading equipemtn of arrangement selection, or according to moulded dimension to vibration loading equipemtn into
Row special setting meets the particular/special requirement of the fixed load of model, and test is using the loading mode of bidifly vibration, and dynamic load spectrum is using north yellow
The a plurality of statistics spectrum of Railway Site test carries out Average Quasi to a plurality of on-the-spot test statistics spectrum of two parallel tracks 5 respectively
It closes and external envelope is fitted, and then respectively obtain the average fit dynamic load time-history curves and external envelope fitting of two prograde orbits 5
Dynamic load time-history curves, according to the loading principle of layer during similar model test, by the average fit spectrum and external envelope spectrum on two tracks
The scaling on 1:10 progress amplitude is just determined in certain proportion, and combines the performance parameter of bumper testing equipment itself, is carried out
The period modulation and the Weeding at part high amplitude time point of time-history curves, this way it is possible to realize to similar test mould
The external envelope spectrum of type and the bidifly of averaging spectrum are shaken and are loaded, and three row's Position of Vibrating are arranged, are spaced 20cm, exciting size distributing position is shown in
Fig. 6.
Railway ballast particle in first ballast layer 2 is needed to carry out drilling processing, magnet is placed in railway ballast particle hole, by magnetic
Iron closes in hole with gypsum after placing.Further include magnetometer, by magnetometer to the magnet inside railway ballast particle carry out with
Track is obtained with the motion profile that 2 inside railway ballast particle of the first ballast layer is acted in vibrations load.It is bored in railway ballast extra-granular
Diameter will be in the pore of 1~2cm, preferably 1cm, with test rope, and stay the remaining length of 7~8cm, preferably 8cm, i.e., every survey
One end of examination rope is connected with railway ballast particle in the first ballast layer 2, and the other end is free end, and test rope is preferably red cloth line,
After test, the railway ballast particle for not penetrating into filler soil in the first ballast layer 2 is peeled away, by the railway ballast submerged in filler soil
Test rope length degree on grain measures, so that it may obtain the position that each railway ballast particle is total on bedding 1 in the first ballast layer 2
It moves, movement rate of the railway ballast particle for submerging bedding 1 in bedding 1 is obtained with by displacement and the relationship of time, is passed through
Statistics obtains entire 1 face of bedding, and railway ballast particle submerges Displacements Distribution figure, rate distribution figure, motion profile the distribution rose of bedding 1
The related experiments parameter such as floral diagram.
The preparation and processing of railway ballast particle in first ballast layer 2: in the first ballast layer 2 preparation and processing of railway ballast particle be
One of key of success of the test, railway ballast particle should have and the practical comparable hardness of railway ballast in scene, the ratio of size and 1:6
Practical railway ballast ratio is zoomed in and out, railway ballast particle is processed into unified positive tetrahedron, and bottom edge side length is 1cm, high 1cm, material
In selection-micro- weathered granite or the hardness rock and material similar with rigidity, and for railway ballast in the second ballast layer 3
Grain only needs to be processed into positive tetrahedron just.
Railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model further include testing element 6, and the filler of bedding 1 is arranged in testing element 6
On soil.Testing element 6 includes surface displacement meter 610, soil pressure cell 620 and horizontal accelerometer 630, and surface displacement meter 610 is set
It sets between the first ballast layer 2 and filler soil, soil pressure cell 620 and 630 layered arrangement of horizontal accelerometer are excellent in filler soil
It is selected on the symmetrical position of Position of Vibrating, vertically arranges soil pressure cell 620 with horizontal direction, made with obtaining model in oscillatory load
The variation relation of soil pressure under along the vertical and soil lateral pressure of impacting point line symmetric position depths.It is preferred that along exciting
Position line symmetric position arranges horizontal accelerometer 630 along depth, obtains under oscillatory load -1 coupling of railway ballast-bedding
The dynamic response of bedding 1, testing element 6 can measure the vertical and horizontal displacement on 1 surface of bedding respectively, and obtain surface displacement
Relationship between the position of impacting point, this relationship include horizontal and vertical two square relations of plane, and testing element 6 is buried
The symmetry of entire model and load, provided as one homogeneous element is made full use of only to need to be embedded in 1 area in four regions, other are several
The relevant parameter in region can calculate by symmetric condition and obtain that model test selects two kinds of filler soil, and one is by bedding 1
Be modeled to the granular media structure of weak caking property, this be under oscillatory load effect by the first ballast layer 2 with filler soil at contact surface
Interaction thin sight Behavior modeling at compactness it is different large or fine granule mutual extrusion infiltration process；One is be modeled to
The flexible continuous media of strong cohesive property, this is under oscillatory load effect by the first ballast layer 2 and the phase at filler soil contact face
The m eso-m echanicalbehavior of interaction is modeled to rigid railway ballast to the extruding destructive process of flexible continuous media, the former belongs to granular media power
Scholarship and moral conduct is that the latter belongs to the fracture mechanics behavior of continuous media.
The preparation and processing of filler soil: before carrying out formal test, the soil test of filler soil is carried out, obtains original state filler
The related physical mechanics parameter of soil, and the reference foundation prepared as similar test model soil.It is filled according to Shuohuang Railway bedding
Filler soil is divided into strong cohesive property soil and weak caking property soil by situation, the former clay component is more, sticky relatively strong；The latter's clay at
Point less, viscosity is very weak, and filler soil parameter specifically includes that soil deformation modulus E, cohesive strength c, internal friction angleSoil body density
The percentage (clay, powder, flour sand, fine sand, middle sand, coarse sand, gravel) that ρ, compression strength, each particle form, passes through a large amount of objects
The physical and mechanical parameter and particle component for managing the 1 original state filler soil of representational bedding that mechanical test obtains are respectively such as 1 He of table
Shown in table 2:
1 liang of class original state filler soil physical and mechanical parameter of table
The percentage of 2 liang of class original state filler soil each components of table
Similarity criterion chooses 3 independent fundamental quantities according to similar second theorem, and obtains the number of dimensionless factor, leads to
It crosses model and prototype is in same gravitational field, acceleration of gravity is equal, determines the similar of structural model using dimensional method
Condition, further determines that the similarity relation of parameters, and the ratio of geometric similarity selected by model is 4.Model test filler soil
Preparation is designed calculating referring to two class practical filling material soil physical and mechanical parameters with certain similarity criterion.Including intensity phase
Like than Cσ, severe likelihood ratio CγAnd geometric similarity ratio meets relationship Cσ=CγC.According to above-mentioned similarity relation, so that it may be filled out
Expect the preparation of soil.It selects filler earth removal to meet outside material selection rule, should mainly make it under test load part use, tool
There are suitable strain value and shift value, also, filler soil reaches compactness required by Railway Design specification, and samples to bedding
1 carries out the dynamic relation song that common triaxial tests test, resonant column test and dynamic triaxial tests obtain 1 experimental material of bedding
Line.Configuration filler soil selects clay, silt, flour sand, flour sand, fine sand, middle sand, coarse sand, gravel to fill out according to actual two classes bedding
Expect the component proportion of soil, additional blanc fixe, machine oil and water, according to the uniformly pressurization, again static one afterwards of certain match ratio mix
The more stable hand-stuff soil of performance is obtained after the section time.The purpose of test is the railway ballast analyzed under two kinds of bedding (1) modes
Micro influence, two class filler soil performance parameters are as shown in table 3:
3 liang of class filler soil performance parameters of table
Railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model further include video camera, and the surrounding of model casing 110 is disposed with video camera, takes the photograph
Camera generallys use high power video camera, the first ballast layer of acquisition camera lens direction 2 and the interface of filler soil of video camera, due to mould
The surrounding of molding box 110 be it is transparent, when doing motion model test, at high power camera record interface first can be passed through
The entire dynamic process of railway ballast particle intrusion filler soil in ballast layer 2, this is very important to the success of model test.
Data acquisition and procession: the reading of test data is carried out using data collecting instrument, universal data collection instrument can be real
The real-time reading of existing network, modularization are read and the functions such as wireless collection.But data processing is relatively coarse, the present invention is by building
The real-time data acquisition instrument of vertical acquisition data realizes the processing to high frequency mass data, including the period is averaging, invalid data picks
It removes, all kinds of Drawing of Curve and comparing function, while being realized by internet database administrative skill through web browser establishment
Data base management system realizes that multiport web database management function, including database data are updated, handled in real time, at any time
The functions such as transfer.
A kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model test method, include the following steps:
Step 1: model design and construction: according to the related theory of similar test, determining the dimensioning of model casing and model
It is very little, the bedding simulation material and railway ballast material that are suitable for practical railway sub-grade and railway ballast are obtained by testing, it will in model casing
Filler soil placement in layers, using compactness as Con trolling index, and by testing element 6 according to symmetry principle surface layout or layering cloth
It sets, railway ballast particle sequentially sequences in the first ballast layer 2, and in Position of Vibrating, 2 thickness of the first ballast layer can suitably increase
Add, railway ballast particle can be arranged arbitrarily in the second ballast layer 3, but guarantee that the second ballast layer 3 is to surface position during the test
The dial plate for moving meter 610 influences minimum；
Step 2: debugging: testing element 6, data collecting instrument, video camera, vibration loading equipemtn and magnetometer being adjusted
Examination, main includes the reading of primary data, the setting of module data reading frequency, wireless transmission, in real time acquisition, real-time Transmission, reality
When deposit the debugging of store function, the resolution ratio debugging of video camera, which is used to observe under oscillatory load effect, model side
At edge, the process that interpenetrates of the first ballast layer 2 and bedding interface, vibration loading equipemtn debugging, including a plurality of actual measurement dynamic load
General average fit and external envelope fitting obtain accurate dynamic load load by loading spectrum analysis to shaketalle test equipment
General, magnetometer debugs the magnetic tracking resolution ratio of the railway ballast particle with magnet, to railway ballast particle in the first ballast layer of part 2
Track under oscillatory load effect carries out spotting scaming, magnetometer real time scan, real-time Transmission, real-time railway ballast motion profile point
Analysis, debugs the stability of these functions；
Step 3: test: the continuous shaking of the double impacting points 510 of model being loaded, obtains testing element 6 on bedding 1 in real time
The corresponding relationship for acquiring data and dynamic load spectrum, tests the deformation of flexible boundary and rigid boundary, and using video camera, record is each
At flexible boundary, the movable image of railway ballast is marked, while the motion profile with the railway ballast particle of magnet is tracked by magnetometer,
By the running track analysis to the railway ballast particle with magnet, some section part of roadbed can be obtained, railway ballast running track
Distribution situation；When experiment proceeds to a certain degree, log-on data Acquisition Instrument read data functions are adopted by the way that data are arranged
Collect frequency, the multi-group data of each period, time segment obtains data using wireless network transmission technology, carries out corresponding
Data processing, data volume to be processed needed for can reducing in this way；
Step 4: by real time data processing module, carrying out rapid processing to obtained mass data is tested, in real time number
The Real-time Monitoring Data for passing through wireless network transmissions channel reception front end data acquisition module according to processing module, is equivalent to general number
Sub-block is monitored according to the rear end of data analysis system, realizes that the analysis, processing, curve of data are shown by plug-in, locates in real time
Reason system can be opened in the form of browser by login user permission on the computer of backstage, realize that remote control entirely tries
Process is tested, the identification by establishment abnormal data standard implementation to wrong data, and can be by presetting average treatment number
Real time data processing is realized according to number, can also be changed in real time with manually operated；By presetting monitoring section, realize each
Class monitoring parameters real-time monitoring curve；By the way that the real time contrast of response parameter is arranged, draws parameter and respond correlation curve each other；It needs
Be pointed out that: real time data processing module draw curve it is relatively rough, only for experimenter control test process provide according to
According to the data and curves that obtain beauty need to export data, realize by third party software；
Step 5: by the process of layer during similar model test in DEM analysis modeling room, according to two class bedding materials,
Railway ballast-bedding (thick-thin) granular discrete-element dynamic response analysis model is established respectively and granular discrete-element-continuous media is limited
The coupling of member calculates analysis model, and geometric dimension and similar test 1:1 are simulated, and boundary condition: bevel edge wall uses flexible boundary, breaks
Face wall and bottom wall use rigid boundary, and dynamic load carries out being reduced to several standard dynamic loads to actual tests dynamic load spectrum, then basis
Principle of stacking is overlapped.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that successively spread including bedding (1) and from bottom to up
The first ballast layer (2), the second ballast layer (3), sleeper (4) and the track (5) being located on the bedding (1), bedding (1) packet
It includes model casing (110) and fills the filler soil in model casing (110), the model casing (110) is upper end opening isosceles ladder
Flexibility is respectively adopted in shape case, two waist panels (111), two interface plates (112) and the bottom plate (113) of the upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case
Plate, semi-rigid plate and rigid plate are made；The track (5) is equipped with double impacting points (510)；
Magnet is embedded in railway ballast particle in first ballast layer (2)；It further include magnetometer, the magnetometer is for tracking magnetic
Iron with railway ballast particle motion profile；
It further include testing element (6) and data collecting instrument, the testing element (6) is arranged on the filler soil of the bedding (1),
The testing element (6) is electrically connected with the data collecting instrument.
2. a kind of railway ballast granular media according to claim 1 and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that described first
Railway ballast particle uses positive tetrahedron stone material in tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. layer (2).
3. a kind of railway ballast granular media according to claim 1 and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that further include more
One end of test rope, the every test rope is connected with railway ballast particle in first ballast layer (2), and the other end is freely
End.
4. a kind of railway ballast granular media according to claim 1 and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that the test member
Part (6) includes surface displacement meter (610), soil pressure cell (620) and horizontal accelerometer (630), the surface displacement meter (610)
Setting is between first ballast layer (2) and filler soil, the soil pressure cell (620) and the horizontal accelerometer
(630) layered arrangement is in the filler soil.
5. a kind of railway ballast granular media according to claim 1 and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that the upper end is spacious
Two waist panels (111) of mouth isosceles trapezoid case are made of transparent soft plastic plate, two interfaces of the upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case
Plate (112) is made of transparent toughened plastic plate, and the bottom plate (113) of the upper end opening isosceles trapezoid case is made of steel plate.
6. a kind of railway ballast granular media according to claim 5 and bedding dynamic response model, which is characterized in that further include camera shooting
Machine, the surrounding of the model casing (110) are disposed with the video camera, and the acquisition camera lens of the video camera is towards first railway ballast
The interface of layer (2) and the filler soil.
7. a kind of railway ballast granular media and bedding dynamic response model test method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, model design and construction: according to the related theory of similar test, the model of equal proportion scaling is constructed；
Step 2, debugging: testing element (6), data collecting instrument, video camera, vibration loading equipemtn and magnetometer are adjusted
Examination；
Step 3, test: continuous shaking load is carried out to the double impacting points (510) of model, and survey is acquired by data collecting instrument in real time
Try the corresponding relationship of element (6) acquisition data obtained and dynamic load spectrum, and the change using camera recordings model casing (110)
The movable image of railway ballast particle in shape situation and the first ballast layer of label (2), while passing through road of the magnetometer tracking with magnet
The motion profile of tiny fragments of stone, coal, etc. particle measures the test rope length degree on the railway ballast particle for submerging filler soil, obtains railway ballast particle and exists
Total displacement in bedding (1) obtains fortune of the railway ballast particle for submerging filler soil in bedding (1) with the relationship of time by being displaced
Dynamic rate, statistics obtain the related experiment parameter that railway ballast particle submerges filler soil.
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