CN110205520B - Ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for brake disc of high-speed heavy-load train - Google Patents
Ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for brake disc of high-speed heavy-load train Download PDFInfo
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 1-8%, V: 1-6%, ceramic particles: 1-8% of Ti, and the balance of Ti, wherein the sum of all the alloy components is 100%. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material is applied to the brake surface layer of the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train, so that the wear resistance and the high-temperature resistance of the brake disc can be effectively improved, the weight of the train is reduced, the light weight and the low cost are realized, and the prepared aluminum-based titanium surface brake disc has high comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit and transportation, in particular to a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train.
Background
At present, the conventional brake disc materials are all cast iron materials, and the density of the cast iron materials is about 7.3g/cm3. With the increasing demand for high-speed and light-weight development of trains, the reduction of the mass of a brake disc to reduce the unsprung mass of the train is urgently needed. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad try to prepare the high-speed train brake disc by using aluminum alloy instead of cast iron material, and although the high-speed train brake disc is light in weight and good in heat conductivity, the high-speed train brake disc is low in strength and hardness and low in use temperature, the maximum use temperature is only 300 ℃, and the application of the aluminum alloy in the field of brake discs is hindered to a certain extent. Therefore, new brake disc materials have been developed to improve brake disc performance and reduce train weightThe weight and the speed of the train are mainly increased.
The titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus and the like, and is increasingly widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, biomedical treatment, petrochemical industry and the like. In order to reduce unsprung weight and achieve light weight, titanium-based composite materials are generally directly applied to brake discs at present, and although brake discs with good wear resistance and high temperature resistance can be obtained, the cost is also increased, so that the application of the titanium-based composite materials to the brake discs is limited. However, no report about the application of the aluminum-based material and the titanium alloy in the train brake disc is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the train brake disc in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which is applied to the brake surface layer of an aluminum-based brake disc for the high-speed heavy-load train to solve the problems of wear resistance, poor high temperature resistance and the like of the aluminum-based brake disc, so that the weight of the train is reduced, the weight is reduced and the running cost is reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing the application of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material in an aluminum-based titanium surface brake disc for a high-speed heavy-load train. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material is applied to the braking surface layer of the brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, and is combined with an aluminum alloy matrix, so that the weight of the train can be effectively reduced, and the wear resistance and the high temperature resistance of the brake disc can be remarkably improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train is composed of the following alloy components in percentage by mass:
Al：1～8％，
V：1～6％，
ceramic particles: 1 to 8 percent of the total weight of the steel,
the balance of Ti, and the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent.
Preferably, the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material consists of the following alloy components in percentage by mass:
Al：2～8％，
V：3～5％，
ceramic particles: 2 to 7 percent of the total weight of the steel,
the balance of Ti, and the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent.
Further preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Al：5～7％，
V：4～5％，
ceramic particles: 3 to 6 percent of the total weight of the steel,
the balance of Ti, and the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent.
Further, the ceramic particles are WC, SiC or Al2O3Any one of the above.
Furthermore, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 50-150 meshes.
In order to ensure the wear resistance of the titanium alloy and simultaneously improve the high temperature resistance, Al and V elements are added into the titanium matrix, the component content of the titanium alloy is scientifically designed, wherein the Al element is a main alloy element of the titanium alloy, the Al element has obvious effects of improving the normal-temperature and high-temperature strength of the alloy, reducing the specific gravity and increasing the elastic modulus, and the V element is added in a matching manner, the V can form a VAl11 high-melting-point compound in the titanium alloy, plays a role in refining grains in the casting process, and has the functions of refining a recrystallization structure and improving the recrystallization temperature.
In order to further improve the strength and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy, a proper amount of WC and Al are added into the titanium alloy2O3The ceramic particles have the advantages of toughness, high thermal conductivity, good thermal stability and the like, and have the characteristics of high compressive strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like.
The invention also provides a preferable preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding raw materials except ceramic particles into an atmosphere protection smelting furnace, introducing protective gas, heating, and sequentially carrying out smelting and refining treatment;
s2, adopting spray forming equipment capable of adding ceramic particles, and directly carrying out spray forming 3D printing on the titanium alloy liquid and the ceramic particles prepared in the step S1 on the transition layer of the brake disc to realize forming.
Further, in step S1, the protective gas is anhydrous nitrogen or anhydrous argon.
Further, in the step S1, the heating temperature is 1700-1900 ℃, the smelting time is 40-70 min, and the refining time is 30-40 min.
Further, in the step S2, the pressure of nitrogen or argon is 2-3 Mpa, the temperature of nitrogen or argon is-20 to-10 ℃, the injection temperature of the alloy melt is 2000-2100 ℃, and the cooling speed is about 103～105K/s, the spraying distance is 300-500 mm.
The invention also provides application of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material in an aluminum-based titanium surface brake disc for a high-speed heavy-duty train.
Further preferably, the aluminum-based titanium brake disc for the high-speed heavy-duty train comprises a titanium alloy brake surface layer, and the titanium alloy brake surface layer is prepared from the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material.
Furthermore, the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy brake surface layer is formed by spray forming 3D printing, and the thickness of the titanium alloy brake surface layer is 6 mm.
According to the invention, ceramic particles are printed on the aluminum alloy substrate with light weight, high strength and good heat dissipation to enhance the titanium alloy braking surface, so that the wear resistance and high temperature resistance of the braking disc can be effectively improved, and the aluminum-based titanium surface braking disc with high comprehensive performance for the high-speed heavy-load train is prepared.
According to the invention, the titanium alloy powder is printed on the plane of the aluminum-based brake disc by adopting a 3D printing technology of spray forming, the crystal grain appearance of the titanium alloy powder is mainly isometric crystal, the structure is uniform, and no obvious defect exists, the compact, uniform, isometric and ultrafine crystal grain structure lays a foundation for subsequent die forging and high-speed spinning large-plastic deformation, and the high-strength and high-toughness performance of the alloy is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material of the invention adds Al and V elements in a titanium substrate, scientifically designs the component content, wherein the Al element is a main alloy element of the titanium alloy, has obvious effects of improving the strength of the alloy at normal temperature and high temperature, reducing the specific gravity and increasing the elastic modulus, and is matched with the addition of the V element, the V can form a VAl11 high-melting-point compound in the titanium alloy, plays a role of refining grains in the casting process, and the V has the functions of refining a recrystallization structure and increasing the recrystallization temperature.
According to the invention, a proper amount of ceramic particles are added into the titanium alloy, and as the ceramic particles have the advantages of high hardness, excellent chemical stability, good thermal stability and the like, and also have the characteristics of high compressive strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like, the required strength and wear resistance can be obtained by reasonably designing the content of the ceramic particles.
According to the invention, the 3D printing ceramic particles are sprayed and formed on the aluminum alloy substrate with light weight, high strength and good heat dissipation to enhance the titanium alloy braking surface, and the room temperature mechanical properties of the obtained titanium alloy braking surface are as follows: tensile strength of not less than 700MPa, yield strength of not less than 650MPa, elongation of not less than 5%, and density of about 4.5g/cm3The working temperature is-100-550 ℃, the wear resistance and the high temperature resistance of the brake disc can be effectively improved, and the aluminum-based titanium-surface brake disc for the high-speed heavy-duty train with high comprehensive performance is prepared.
The invention adopts the spray forming 3D printing technology to print the titanium alloy powder on the plane of the aluminum-based brake disc, and has the advantages of small equipment investment, high production efficiency and low production cost.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 6%, V: 4%, ceramic particles: 5 percent, and the balance of Ti, wherein the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent; the ceramic particles are preferably WC having a particle size of 80 mesh.
The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding raw materials except ceramic particles into an atmosphere protection smelting furnace, introducing anhydrous argon as protective gas, heating to 720 ℃, sequentially carrying out smelting and refining treatment, wherein the smelting time is 50min, the refining time is 32min, and then adding the ceramic particles and uniformly mixing;
s2, adopting spray forming equipment capable of adding ceramic particles, directly carrying out spray forming 3D printing on the titanium alloy liquid and the ceramic particles prepared in the step S1 on a transition layer of a brake disc to realize forming, wherein the pressure of argon is 2Mpa, the temperature of argon is-10 ℃, the spray temperature of an alloy melt is 2100 ℃, and the cooling speed is about 10 DEG in the spray forming process3K/s, and the spraying distance is 300mm, thus obtaining the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 2%, V: 5%, ceramic particles: 3 percent of Ti, and the balance being 100 percent of the total of all the alloy components; the ceramic particles are preferably SiC, which has a particle size of 50 mesh.
The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding raw materials except ceramic particles into an atmosphere protection smelting furnace, introducing anhydrous nitrogen as protective gas, heating to 750 ℃, and sequentially carrying out smelting and refining treatment, wherein the smelting time is 40min, and the refining time is 30 min;
s2, adopting spray forming equipment capable of adding ceramic particles, directly carrying out spray forming 3D printing on the titanium alloy liquid and the ceramic particles prepared in the step S1 on a transition layer of a brake disc to realize forming, wherein the pressure of nitrogen is 3Mpa, the temperature of the nitrogen is-15 ℃, the spray temperature of the alloy melt is 2000 ℃, and the cooling speed is about 10 DEG in the spray forming process5K/s, and the spraying distance is 500mm, thus obtaining the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 5%, V: 3%, ceramic particles: 1 percent and the balance of Ti, wherein the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent; the ceramic particles are preferably Al2O3The particle size is 150 meshes.
The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding raw materials except ceramic particles into an atmosphere protection smelting furnace, introducing anhydrous nitrogen as protective gas, heating to 700 ℃, and sequentially carrying out smelting and refining treatment, wherein the smelting time is 70min, and the refining time is 40 min;
s2, adopting spray forming equipment capable of adding ceramic particles, directly carrying out spray forming 3D printing on the titanium alloy liquid and the ceramic particles prepared in the step S1 on a transition layer of a brake disc to realize forming, wherein the pressure of nitrogen is 2Mpa, the temperature of the nitrogen is-20 ℃, the spray temperature of the alloy melt is 2100 ℃, and the cooling speed is about 10 DEG in the spray forming process3K/s, and the spraying distance is 500mm, thus obtaining the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 8%, V: 6%, ceramic particles: 6 percent of Ti, and the balance being 100 percent of the total of all the alloy components; the ceramic particles are preferably WC having a particle size of 100 mesh.
The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train refers to the steps of example 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for a brake disc of a high-speed heavy-load train, which comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 7%, V: 2%, ceramic particles: 8 percent, and the balance of Ti, wherein the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent; the ceramic particles are preferably WC having a particle size of 120 mesh.
The preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train refers to the steps of example 1.
Comparative example 1
The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train is different from the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material in the embodiment 1 in that ceramic particles are not contained in the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material.
Comparative example 2
The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train is different from the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material in the embodiment 1 in that the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 0.5%, V: 0.5%, ceramic particles: 0.5 percent of Ti, and the balance being 100 percent of the total of all the alloy components.
Comparative example 3
The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train is different from the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material in the embodiment 1 in that the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 9%, V: 7%, ceramic particles: 9 percent of Ti, and the balance being 100 percent of the total of all the alloy components.
The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train, which is prepared in the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-3, is applied to an aluminum-based titanium-surface brake disc, and the titanium alloy powder material is respectively printed on the surface of the aluminum-based brake disc by adopting a spray forming 3D printing technology, so that the brake disc containing a titanium alloy brake surface layer is obtained, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy brake surface layer is 6 mm.
The room-temperature mechanical properties of the obtained titanium alloy brake surface layer, including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, density and the like, are detected, and specific detection results are shown in table 1.
According to the invention, ceramic particles are printed on a light high-strength and good-heat-dissipation aluminum alloy substrate to enhance the titanium alloy braking surface, and the room-temperature mechanical property of the obtained titanium alloy braking surface is as follows: tensile strength of not less than 700MPa, yield strength of not less than 650MPa, elongation of not less than 5%, and density of about 4.5g/cm3. The working temperature of the titanium alloy braking surface can reach 550 ℃ at most, so that the wear resistance and the high temperature resistance of the brake disc can be effectively improved by adding the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material, and the aluminum-based titanium surface brake disc for the high-speed heavy-duty train with high comprehensive performance is prepared.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-load train is characterized by comprising the following alloy components in percentage by mass: al: 6%, V: 4%, ceramic particles: 5 percent, and the balance of Ti, wherein the sum of all the alloy components is 100 percent;
the preparation method of the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train comprises the following steps:
s1, adding raw materials except ceramic particles into an atmosphere protection smelting furnace, introducing protective gas, heating, and sequentially carrying out smelting and refining treatment;
s2, adopting spray forming equipment capable of adding ceramic particles, and directly carrying out spray forming 3D printing on the titanium alloy liquid and the ceramic particles prepared in the step S1 on the transition layer of the brake disc to realize forming.
2. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are WC, SiC or Al2O3Any one of the above.
3. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train as claimed in claim 2, wherein the particle size of the ceramic particles is 50-150 mesh.
4. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the protective gas is anhydrous nitrogen or anhydrous argon.
5. The ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material for the brake disc of the high-speed heavy-duty train according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the heating temperature is 1700-1900 ℃, the smelting time is 40-70 min, and the refining time is 30-40 min; in the step S2, the pressure of nitrogen or argon is 2-3 Mpa, the temperature of nitrogen or argon is-20 to-10 ℃, the injection temperature of the alloy melt is 2000-2100 ℃, and the cooling speed is 103～105K/s, the spraying distance is 300-500 mm.
6. An aluminum-based titanium surface brake disc for a high-speed heavy-duty train, which is characterized by comprising a ceramic reinforced titanium alloy brake surface layer, wherein the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy brake surface layer is prepared from the ceramic reinforced titanium alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The aluminum-based titanium-faced brake disc for the high-speed heavy-duty train of claim 6, wherein the ceramic-reinforced titanium alloy brake facing layer is formed by spray forming 3D printing, and the thickness of the titanium alloy brake facing layer is 6 mm.
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