CN110205480A - A kind of testing experiment method reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process - Google Patents
A kind of testing experiment method reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110205480A CN110205480A CN201910609388.8A CN201910609388A CN110205480A CN 110205480 A CN110205480 A CN 110205480A CN 201910609388 A CN201910609388 A CN 201910609388A CN 110205480 A CN110205480 A CN 110205480A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of testing experiment methods of reduction heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process.The testing experiment method can be used for the distortion sample of normative heat treatment, the sample that distorts is processed using slow wire feeding, abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, measure original size, it is cleaned with gasoline, apply anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint, according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample, carry out reducing the testing experiment of heat-treatment distortion in heat-treatment furnace, the size of distortion sample after measurement processing, it calculates deflection and analyzes, carry out testing experiment after optimization of Heat Treatment Process again, preferably heat treatment process makes being optimal of resistance to deformation.The present invention can save a large amount of test material, processing charges, substantially reduce the heat-treatment distortion of workpiece, greatly improve heat treatment of workpieces quality, the uniformity of quality greatly improves, and fatigue resistance greatly improves, so that the service life of workpiece greatly improves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of heat treatment technology, in particular to a kind of reduction heat-treatment distortion optimizes heat treatment process
Testing experiment method.
Background technique
Currently, the method for improving heat treatment process deformation, is in accordance with the analysis of practical work piece deformation progress technology and mentions
Then corrective measure out directly improves test to practical work piece.It is tested, is operated very not square with practical work piece
Just, it implements relatively difficult, occurs the risk that workpiece is scrapped, waste many raw material, influence the manufacturing cycle, improve
The time of consumption is also grown, and effect is also undesirable, because the factor of influence heat-treatment distortion is up to 77 kinds, this 77 factors are mixed one
Reciprocation is played, is difficult to find out the principal element of heat-treatment distortion or basic reason, the harm of heat-treatment distortion is again very big, causes
The case where workpiece is scrapped also happens occasionally, even if workpiece is not scrapped, influence to product quality is also very big, it is last the result is that
The service life of machine components is short, poor reliability.About distortion sample, there is similar distortion sample for carburizing and quenching, but due to general
The deflection of logical heat treatment does not have the deflection of carburizing and quenching big, so the distortion sample of carburizing and quenching is used for common heat treatment
When, deflection is small, sensitivity is low, cannot use.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to reduce the optimization of Heat Treatment Process of heat-treatment distortion to improve testing experiment
Problem provides a kind of testing experiment method of reduction heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of testing experiment method reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, the testing experiment method can be used for routine
The distortion sample of heat treatment, is processed using slow wire feeding, and abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, and is measured original size, is cleaned with gasoline, and anti-carburizi ng is applied
Or antioxidizing paint carries out reducing hot place in heat-treatment furnace according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample
The testing experiment for managing deformation passes through 3 hole ￠ binding sample with iron wire, hangs shove charge, ensures that sample end face be in plumbness, survey
Amount treated distortion sample size, calculate deflection simultaneously analyze, testing experiment is carried out after optimization of Heat Treatment Process again, it is excellent
It selects heat treatment process to make being optimal of resistance to deformation, is suitable for structural steel, mould steel etc..
Further, outside diameter ￠ 76-86 ± 0.1mm of the distortion sample, interior circular diameter are ￠ 44-50 ± 0.1mm,
Sample thickness is 22-28 ± 0.1mm, ± 0.1 mm of opening width 6-8, opening diameter thickness 2.4-3.0 mm, inside and outside circle circle center distance
For 13.6-15 ± 0.15mm, 7 grades of open end surface smoothness requirements or more.Further, the manufacture work of the distortion sample
Skill is: sample forges stick with the same smelting furnace of workpiece, and big part should be cut in ontology, be forged into the forging stick of ￠ 90mm, 240 mm of length, right
It must be with forging stick than sample, ultrasonic examination is qualified, is processed using slow wire feeding, bore 3 hole ￠, sample serial number in order,
And number steel seal is beaten, abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, original size measurement；Its sampling method is: first whole to carry out being careful for specimen shape
Silk cutting, is then gradually cut 10 samples by thickness, and a sample, the standby test of 8 intermediate samples are respectively thrown away in both ends
When use.
Further, the painting anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint are to carry out sand to sample using abrasive paper for metallograph, and measurement is former
Cleaned after beginning size using gasoline, the sample through over cleaning will avoid polluting again, coating sufficiently to stir it is dilute, until stir into
Good fluid, consistency is slightly lower to be advisable, and consistency is adjusted according to coating actual (real) thickness, applies anti-carburizi ng using the method for dip-coating
Or antioxidizing paint, applying thickness 0.3-0.6mm is advisable, and antioxidizing paint, which applies thickness 0.3-0.4mm, to be advisable, and spontaneously dries 2 hours
It is tested into furnace.
Further, the dimensional measurement of the distortion sample and Deformation calculation, the opening size of measurement distortion sample,
Edge and midpoint respectively measure a bit in a thickness direction, with 3 points of average value as the sample, the size value of the state, pass through
The sample of heat treatment will first carry out removing surface, and the size special for numerical value will re-measure, and the amount of distortion of process is equal to work
The difference of size before size and process after sequence, the size after technique are greater than the size before technique and are denoted as "+", the size after technique
It is denoted as "-" less than the size before technique, the high slide calliper rule of service precision measure, and slide calliper rule will be by verification, by the same operation
Slide calliper rule are carried out dimensional measurement using same by person.
Further, the optimization of Heat Treatment Process, optimization, heat treatment process parameter including heat treatment process scheme
Optimization, heat treatment shove charge operation optimization and heat-treatment distortion weak link determination, heat treatment process scheme optimization:Hardening and tempering process use is just quenched back or Q-tempering；Conditioning treatment is using annealing or normalizing；Quenching uses
Primary quenching or secondary quenching, 4. tempering is using primary tempering or double tempering, 5. it is cooling using air, oil, water,
Water-based hardening liquid, or spraying, water spray etc., heat treatment process parameter optimization:The optimization of heating temperature, soaking time: it is closing
In the range of reason, heating temperature is suitably reduced, reduces soaking time etc.；The optimization of heating: further limitation heating speed
Degree, increase preheating step or increase the quantity of preheating step, change preheating step temperature value etc.；The optimization of cooling procedure: it adopts
With delayed quenching, double quenching reduces the first coolant liquid residence time, pre-cooling plus double quenching, and isothermal hardening promotes quenching liquid
Temperature, improve quenching liquid stirring means, be heat-treated shove charge operation optimization: test the deformation characteristic of heat-treatment furnace, sufficiently benefit
With the deformation characteristic of stove, for example, easily-deformable workpiece, which is placed on stove, deforms small region, vice versa；Deformation requirements are stringent
Workpiece be placed on stove and deform small region, vice versa, the determination of heat-treatment distortion weak link:This testing experiment side
Method can test the deflection of single track heat treatment procedure, can also test the overall deformation of multiple tracks heat treatment procedure, in this way
Can test and comparison any road heat treatment procedure deflection it is big；For the workpiece of structure size complexity, structure ruler can be tested
It is very little whether weak link；The test of heat-treatment distortion weakness parameter, for example, the heating parameters of quenching process, heating temperature and
Soaking time parameter, quenching cooling parameter, that is weak link.
Further, the heat-treatment furnace includes all kinds of resistance furnaces, gas furnace, vacuum drying oven etc., can be omitted using vacuum drying oven
Apply anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint, according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample, the quantity for the sample that distorts and
Placing principle is: considering that the factors such as workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery and fire door position determine sample when resistance furnace places sample
Quantity and position；Gas furnace consider when placing sample workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery, fire door position and nozzle location etc. because
Element determines sample quantities and position；Vacuum drying oven consider when placing sample workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery and gas flow etc. because
Element determines sample quantities and position.The shove charge position of the sample compared is consistent.
Further, the distortion sample is 40CrNi2Mo structural steel, the trade mark of steel, chemical component, sulphur phosphorus content, low
Tissue, non-metallic inclusion, grain size, surface quality etc. are intended to meet GB/T 3077-2015 structural steel standard again.
Further, described to be suitable for structural steel, touch all steel in tool steel, including GB/T 3077-2015 structural steel standard
This method can be used in the heat-treatment distortion testing experiment of number workpiece；Cold-working in GB/T 1299-2014 mould steel standard
Mould steel, hot die steel, plastic die steel and specific use die steel workpiece heat-treatment distortion testing experiment can also
To use this method, applicable heat-treatment furnace, resistance furnace includes chamber type electric resistance furnace, trolley resistance furnace, well formula resistance furnace, pit electricity
Hinder furnace etc.；Gas furnace is mainly large-scale trolley of gas-fired furnace；Vacuum drying oven include vertical vacuum furnace, horizontal vacuum furnace, vacuum air-quenching furnace,
Vacuum oil quenching etc..
A kind of testing experiment method of reduction heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process of offer of the invention, develops one
Kind reduces the testing experiment method of heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, that is, hot place can quickly be tested without one kind by solving
The method for managing deformation, also solves the problems, such as that common electric furnace can not carry out accurate testing experiment because of oxidation, can be with the smallest
Human and material resources consumption, the anti-distortion testing experiment of heat treatment process is carried out with most fast speed, is saved a large number of experiments material, is added
Expenses of labour is used, and the quality of workpiece can be made to greatly improve after process optimization, the uniformity of quality greatly improves, and fatigue resistance substantially mentions
Height, so that the service life of workpiece greatly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is distortion test sample schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to develop a kind of testing experiment method that can quickly test heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, Wo Menchuan
It newly designs and has tested that deflection is big, high sensitivity, can be used for the distortion sample of normative heat treatment successfully, and successfully solve sky
Steam stove due to oxidation can not precise measurement distortion specimen size the problem of, i.e., apply anti-carburizi ng or anti-oxidation painting using to distortion sample
The test of material succeeds.The deformation of single process can be measured, also can measure the overall deformation of multiple working procedure；It can compare
The deformation of different heat treatment process, can also more same technique, different technical parameters deformation；It can also be to equipment difference portion
The deflection difference of position is tested.Heat treatment process scheme can be optimized, it can also be to heat treatment process parameter
Optimization, can also optimize the shove charge of heat treatment.It can be consumed with the smallest human and material resources, be heat-treated with most fast speed
The anti-distortion testing experiment of technique saves a large number of experiments material, processing charges, the quality of workpiece can be made substantially to mention after process optimization
The uniformity of height, quality greatly improves, and fatigue resistance greatly improves, so that the service life of workpiece greatly improves.Specifically such as
Under.
A kind of testing experiment method reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, the deflection of innovative design are big, clever
Sensitivity is high, can be used for the distortion sample of normative heat treatment, and outside diameter ￠ 76-86mm, interior circular diameter is ￠ 44-50mm, and sample is thick
Degree is 22-28mm, opening width 6-8 mm, opening diameter thickness 2.4-3.0 mm, and inside and outside circle circle center distance is 13.6-15mm, opening
End face surface finish requires 7 grades or more.
Preferably, outside diameter ￠ 76mm, interior circular diameter are ￠ 44mm, sample thickness 22mm, 6 mm of opening width, opening
Locate 2.4 mm of diameter thickness, inside and outside circle circle center distance is 13.6mm.
Reduce heat-treatment distortion testing experiment step:
The sample that distorts is processed using slow wire feeding, and abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, and is measured original size, is cleaned with gasoline, and anti-carburizi ng or anti-is applied
Oxidation coating carries out reduction heat treatment in heat-treatment furnace and becomes according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample
The testing experiment of shape passes through 3 hole ￠ binding sample with iron wire, hangs shove charge, ensures that sample end face is in plumbness, measured place
The size of distortion sample after reason, calculates deflection and analyzes, carry out testing experiment after optimization of Heat Treatment Process again, preferably hot
Treatment process makes being optimal of resistance to deformation, suitable for structural steel, touches tool steel etc..Distort sample manufacturing process:
Sample forges stick with the same smelting furnace of workpiece, and big part should be cut in ontology, is forged into the forging stick of ￠ 90mm, 240 mm of length, compares
Sample must be with forging stick, and ultrasonic examination is qualified, be processed using slow wire feeding, bore 3 hole ￠, sample serial number in order, and
Number steel seal is beaten, abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, original size measurement；Its sampling method is: the first whole slow wire feeding for carrying out specimen shape
Then 10 samples are gradually cut in cutting by thickness, a sample is respectively thrown away at both ends, when 8 intermediate samples are for test
It uses.
Apply anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint:
Sand is carried out to sample using abrasive paper for metallograph, is cleaned after measuring original size using gasoline, the sample through over cleaning
It avoids polluting again, coating will sufficiently stir dilute, until stir into good fluid, consistency is slightly lower to be advisable, consistency foundation
The adjustment of coating actual (real) thickness applies anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint using the method for dip-coating, and applying thickness 0.3-0.6mm is advisable, oxygen
Changing paint coatings thickness 0.3-0.4mm is advisable, and spontaneously dries 2 hours and tests into furnace.It applies anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint is to solve often
Rule heat treatment due to oxidation can not precise measurement distortion specimen size problem key innovations, Yao Yange operates as required.
The dimensional measurement of distortion sample and Deformation calculation:
The opening size of measurement distortion sample, edge and midpoint respectively measure a bit in a thickness direction, with 3 points of average value
As the sample, the size value of the state, the sample through Overheating Treatment will first carry out removing surface, the size special for numerical value
It re-measures, the amount of distortion of process is equal to the difference of size before size and process after process, and the size after technique is greater than work
Size before skill is denoted as "+", and the size after technique is denoted as "-" less than the size before technique, and the high slide calliper rule of service precision are surveyed
Slide calliper rule will be carried out dimensional measurement using same by the same operator by verification by amount, slide calliper rule.
Optimization of Heat Treatment Process:
Optimization of Heat Treatment Process, the optimization of optimization, heat treatment process parameter including heat treatment process scheme, heat treatment shove charge behaviour
The optimization of work and the determination of heat-treatment distortion weak link, heat treatment process scheme optimization:Hardening and tempering process, which uses, just to be quenched
Return or Q-tempering；Conditioning treatment is using annealing or normalizing；Quenching is using primary quenching or secondary
Quenching, 4. tempering is 5. cooling to use air, oil, water, water-based hardening liquid, or spray using primary tempering or double tempering
Mist, water spray etc., heat treatment process parameter optimization:The optimization of heating temperature, soaking time: in reasonable range, suitably
Heating temperature is reduced, soaking time etc. is reduced；The optimization of heating: further limiting heating rate, increases preheating step or increasing
Add the quantity of preheating step, change preheating step temperature value etc.；The optimization of cooling procedure: using delayed quenching, and biliquid is quenched
Fire reduces the first coolant liquid residence time, pre-cooling plus double quenching, isothermal hardening, promotes the temperature of quenching liquid, improves quenching liquid
Stirring means, be heat-treated shove charge operation optimization: test the deformation characteristic of heat-treatment furnace, make full use of the deformation characteristic of stove,
For example, easily-deformable workpiece, which is placed on stove, deforms small region, vice versa；The stringent workpiece of deformation requirements is placed on stove deformation
Small region, vice versa, the determination of heat-treatment distortion weak link:This testing experiment method can test single track heat
The deflection for the treatment of process can also test the overall deformation of multiple tracks heat treatment procedure, thus can be with which road of test and comparison
Heat treatment procedure deflection is big；For the workpiece of structure size complexity, can test structure size whether weak link；
The test of heat-treatment distortion weakness parameter, for example, quenching process heating parameters, heating temperature and soaking time parameter, quenching it is cold
But the weak link of parameter.
According to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample:
Heat-treatment furnace includes all kinds of resistance furnaces, gas furnace, vacuum drying oven etc., can be omitted using vacuum drying oven and apply anti-carburizi ng or anti-oxidation painting
Material, according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size setting distortion sample, the quantity and placement principle for the sample that distorts are: resistance furnace
Consider that the factors such as workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery and fire door position determine quantity and the position of sample when placing sample；Combustion gas
Consider when furnace places sample the factors such as workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery, fire door position and nozzle location determine sample quantities and
Position；Consider when vacuum drying oven places sample the factors such as workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery and gas flow determine sample quantities and
Position.The shove charge position of the sample compared is consistent.
Distort sample material:
Distortion sample is 40CrNi2Mo structural steel, the trade mark, chemical component, sulphur phosphorus content, the macrostructure, nonmetal inclusion of steel
Object, grain size, surface quality etc. are intended to meet GB/T 3077-2015 structural steel standard.
The application of testing experiment method:
Suitable for structural steel, tool steel is touched, the heat treatment including all grade of steel workpiece in GB/T 3077-2015 structural steel standard becomes
This method can be used in shape testing experiment；Cold work die steel, hot-work die in GB/T 1299-2014 mould steel standard
This method also can be used in the heat-treatment distortion testing experiment of steel, plastic die steel and specific use die steel workpiece, fits
Heat-treatment furnace, resistance furnace include chamber type electric resistance furnace, trolley resistance furnace, well formula resistance furnace, pit resistance furnace etc.；Gas furnace master
If large-scale trolley of gas-fired furnace；Vacuum drying oven includes vertical vacuum furnace, horizontal vacuum furnace, vacuum air-quenching furnace, vacuum oil quenching etc..
A kind of testing experiment method reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process provided by the invention, develops one kind
Reduce the testing experiment method of heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, that is, heat treatment can quickly be tested without one kind by solving
The method of deformation also solves the problems, such as that common electric furnace can not carry out accurate testing experiment because of oxidation, can use the smallest people
Power, material resources consumption, the anti-distortion testing experiment of heat treatment process is carried out with most fast speed, saves a large number of experiments material, processing
Expense can be such that the deflection of workpiece substantially reduces after process optimization, greatly improve quality, and the uniformity of quality greatly improves,
Fatigue resistance greatly improves, so that the service life of workpiece greatly improves.
A kind of testing experiment method for reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process scheme of embodiment 1
Distort sample material 40CrNi2Mo, chemical component: C:0.42wt.%；Si:0.27wt.%；Mn:0.61 wt.%；Cr:
0.71 wt.%；Ni:1.68wt.%；S:0.005 wt.%；P:0.012 wt.%；Mo:0.23 wt.%；Fe: surplus is reduced
The testing experiment of heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process scheme, comprising the following steps:
(1) specimen shape, size are by Fig. 1 distortion test sample, and processing and manufacturing is in the present inventive method；
(2) it is thick to apply masking paste 0.3mm, using the method for dip-coating, spontaneously dries 2 hours；
(3) sample original size measures, and the original size of measurement is shown in Table in 1: " normalizing open front size "；
(4) the heat treatment process scheme optimized ,+600 DEG C of tempering of 860 DEG C of+860 DEG C of normalizing quenchings；
(5) Equipment for Heating Processing and sample shove charge, 180KW trolley resistance furnace place 3 samples (fire door, centre, rear wall)；
(6) dimensional measurement and Deformation calculation after being heat-treated, the size after the heat treatment of measurement are shown in Table " the tempering after-opening in 1
Size ", the calculated result of deflection are shown in Table " total deformation " in 1；
Comparative example 1
Difference from Example 1 is: the heat treatment process scheme of step (4) is+600 DEG C of tempering of 860 DEG C of quenchings.
Heat treatment process scheme optimization testing experiment through embodiment 1, the reduction heat-treatment distortion of comparative example 1, embodiment 1
Deformation test data be shown in Table 1, the deformation test data of comparative example 1 are shown in Table 2, and the distortion test sample of corresponding position is carried out pair
Than, it can be seen that there is apparent trend and rule, i.e., before Tempering and Quenching plus the amount of distortion of normalizing process (embodiment 1) is obvious
Less than the amount of distortion test bit for only carrying out modifier treatment (comparative example 1), the deflection of the deflection of embodiment 1 than comparative example 1
32.06 %, 20.1%, 21.9% are respectively reduced, that is, quenched preceding increase normalizing process, amount of distortion can substantially reduce 20%
More than, by this embodiment, the heat treatment process scheme optimization for carrying out improving deformation can be instructed, for deforming serious work
Part, or the workpiece stringent for deformation requirements, although modifier treatment can satisfy the requirement of metallographic structure, mechanical property,
From the angle of Reducing distortion, before also to increase by one of normalized treatment.
The deformation data of 1 embodiment 1 of table
| Number | Normalizing open front size | It is tempered after-opening size | Total deformation (mm) |
| 11(door side) | 5.94、5.94、5.96 | 6.26、6.28、6.22 | +0.307 |
| In the middle part of 12(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 6.14、6.14、6.16 | +0.207 |
| Wall after 13(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 6.14、6.16、6.16 | +0.213 |
The deformation data of 2 comparative example 1 of table
| Number | Quench open front size | It is tempered after-opening size | Total deformation (mm) |
| 21(door side) | 5.94、5.94、5.92 | 6.32、6.32、6.38 | +0.407 |
| In the middle part of 22(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 6.22、6.20、6.18 | +0.260 |
| Wall after 23(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.96 | 6.22、6.20、6.24 | +0.273 |
A kind of testing experiment method for reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process parameter of embodiment 2
Distort sample material 40CrNi2Mo, chemical component: C:0.42wt.%；Si:0.27wt.%；Mn:0.61 wt.%；Cr:
0.71 wt.%；Ni:1.68wt.%；S:0.005 wt.%；P:0.012 wt.%；Mo:0.23 wt.%；Fe: surplus is reduced
The testing experiment of heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process parameter, comprising the following steps:
(1) specimen shape, size are by Fig. 1 distortion test sample, and processing and manufacturing is in the present inventive method；
(2) it is thick to apply masking paste 0.3mm, using the method for dip-coating, spontaneously dries 2 hours；
(3) sample original size measures, and the original size of measurement is shown in Table " original size " in 3；
(4) heat treatment process parameter optimized, 860 DEG C of quenchings (650 DEG C keep the temperature 1 hour, heating rate less than 100 DEG C/per small
When, it is pre-chilled 30 seconds and quenches)+600 DEG C of tempering；
(5) Equipment for Heating Processing and sample shove charge, 45KW chamber type electric resistance furnace place 2 samples (in effective heating area)；
(6) dimensional measurement and Deformation calculation after being heat-treated, the size after the heat treatment of measurement are shown in Table the " ruler after processing in 3
It is very little ", the calculated result of deflection is shown in Table " total deformation " in 3；
Comparative example 2
Difference from Example 2 is: step (4) do not have " 650 DEG C keep the temperature 1 hour, heating rate less than 100 DEG C/per small
When, pre-cooling quenches in 30 seconds " limitations of these Reducing distortions.
Heat treatment process parameter optimal inspection test through embodiment 2, the reduction heat-treatment distortion of comparative example 2, embodiment 2
Deformation test data be shown in Table 3, the deformation test data of comparative example 2 are shown in Table 4, and data are compared, it can be seen that have it is bright
Aobvious rule, i.e., the amount of distortion of (embodiment 2) is significantly less than the amount of distortion test of (comparative example 2) before improvement after improvement technological parameter
The deflection of numerical value, embodiment 2 has respectively reduced 10.1 %, 12.1% than the deflection of comparative example 2, i.e. amount of distortion can be substantially
Reduce 10% or more, by this embodiment, the optimization for improve the heat treatment process parameter of deformation can be instructed, for becoming
The serious workpiece of shape, or the workpiece stringent for deformation requirements, although workpiece size is little, from the angle of Reducing distortion,
Heating speed is limited, increase preheating step, using delayed quenching etc..
The deformation data of 3 embodiment 2 of table
| Number | Original size | Size after processing | Total deformation (mm) |
| 15(effective district) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 6.28、6.26、6.26 | +0.327 |
| 16(effective district) | 5.94、5.94、5.92 | 6.26、6.28、6.26 | +0.333 |
The deformation data of 4 comparative example 2 of table
| Number | Original size | Size after processing | Total deformation (mm) |
| 25(effective district) | 5.90、5.90、5.92 | 6.24、6.28、6.30 | +0.367 |
| 26(effective district) | 5.90、5.92、5.92 | 6.28、6.30、6.30 | +0.380 |
A kind of testing experiment method for reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment shove charge of embodiment 3
Distort sample material 40CrNi2Mo, chemical component: C:0.42wt.%；Si:0.27wt.%；Mn:0.61 wt.%；Cr:
0.71 wt.%；Ni:1.68wt.%；S:0.005 wt.%；P:0.012 wt.%；Mo:0.23 wt.%；Fe: surplus is reduced
The testing experiment of heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment shove charge, is tested under two kinds of different technical parameters, the deformation of stove different parts
Situation optimizes the shove charge operation of heat treatment with this, comprising the following steps:
(1) specimen shape, size are by Fig. 1 distortion sample, and processing and manufacturing is in the present inventive method；
(2) it is thick to apply masking paste 0.3mm, using the method for dip-coating, spontaneously dries 2 hours；
(3) sample original size measures, and the original size of measurement is shown in Table 5(6) in: " original size "；
(4) heat treatment process parameter ,+600 DEG C of tempering (600 DEG C of stress-removals) of 860 DEG C of quenchings are tested；
(5) Equipment for Heating Processing and sample shove charge, 180KW trolley resistance furnace place 3 samples (fire door, centre, rear wall)；
(6) dimensional measurement and Deformation calculation after being heat-treated, the size after the heat treatment of measurement is shown in Table 5(6) in " after processing
The calculated result of size ", deflection is shown in Table 5(6) in " total deformation "；
The testing experiment of reduction heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment shove charge through embodiment 3, stove different parts deform when quenched
Data are shown in Table 5, and stove different parts deformation data is shown in Table 6 when stress-removal, it can be seen that has apparent rule, either adjusts
Matter, or stress-removal technique, are all that the deformation at fire door is big, and the deformation in the middle part of stove and at rear wall is small, and in the middle part of stove and
Deformation afterwards at wall is substantially suitable, by this embodiment, can reduce heat-treatment distortion, example by optimization heat treatment shove charge
Such as, easily-deformable workpiece is placed on stove and deforms small region, and vice versa；It is small that the stringent workpiece of deformation requirements is placed on stove deformation
Region, vice versa；For a workpiece, on-deformable position is placed at fire door etc., it can achieve Reducing distortion
Purpose.
Quenched deformation data in 5 embodiment 3 of table
| Number | Original size | Size after processing | Total deformation (mm) |
| 21(door side) | 5.94、5.94、5.92 | 6.32、6.32、6.38 | +0.407 |
| In the middle part of 22(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 6.22、6.20、6.18 | +0.260 |
| Wall after 23(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.96 | 6.22、6.20、6.24 | +0.273 |
The deformation data of stress-removal in 6 embodiment 3 of table
| Number | Original size | Size after processing | Total deformation (mm) |
| 17(door side) | 5.94、5.94、5.94 | 5.98、5.98、5.98 | +0.040 |
| In the middle part of 18(furnace) | 5.96、5.96、5.98 | 5.98、5.96、5.96 | +0.000 |
| Wall after 19(furnace) | 5.94、5.94、5.96 | 5.94、5.94、5.96 | +0.000 |
It should be noted last that the above specific embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although
It is described the invention in detail referring to example, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this
In the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of testing experiment method for reducing heat-treatment distortion optimization heat treatment process, it is characterised in that: the testing experiment
Method can be used for the distortion sample of normative heat treatment, and distortion sample is processed using slow wire feeding, and abrasive paper for metallograph is sanded, and measure original ruler
It is very little, it is cleaned with gasoline, applies anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint, distortion sample is set according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size,
The testing experiment for carrying out reducing heat-treatment distortion in heat-treatment furnace passes through hole binding sample with iron wire, hangs shove charge, ensures sample
End face is in plumbness, and the size of the distortion sample after measurement processing calculates deflection and analyzes, after optimization of Heat Treatment Process
Testing experiment is carried out again, and preferably heat treatment process makes being optimal of resistance to deformation, is suitable for structural steel, mould steel.
2. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the distortion sample, outside diameter ￠ 76-86 ±
0.1mm, interior circular diameter are ￠ 44-50 ± 0.1mm, and sample thickness is 22-28 ± 0.1mm, ± 0.1 mm of opening width 6-8, opening
Diameter thickness 2.4-3.0 mm, inside and outside circle circle center distance are 13.6-15 ± 0.15mm.
3. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: distortion sample manufacturing process is: it is same that sample forges stick
The same smelting furnace of workpiece, big part should be cut in ontology, be forged into the forging stick of ￠ 90mm, 240 mm of length, and control sample must be same forges
Stick, ultrasonic examination is qualified, is processed using slow wire feeding, bore 3 hole ￠, sample serial number in order, and beat number steel seal, it is golden
Phase sand paper is sanded, original size measurement；Its sampling method is: the first whole slow wire feeding cutting for carrying out specimen shape, then by thickness
Degree size gradually cuts 10 samples, and both ends are respectively thrown away a sample, used when 8 intermediate samples are for test.
4. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: painting anti-carburizi ng or anti-oxidation painting described in distortion sample
Material is to carry out sand to sample using abrasive paper for metallograph, is cleaned after measuring original size using gasoline, the sample through over cleaning
It avoids polluting again, coating will sufficiently stir dilute, until stir into good fluid, consistency is slightly lower to be advisable, consistency foundation
The adjustment of coating actual (real) thickness applies anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint using the method for dip-coating, and applying thickness 0.3-0.6mm is advisable, oxygen
Changing paint coatings thickness 0.3-0.4mm is advisable, and spontaneously dries 2 hours and tests into furnace.
5. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dimensional measurement of the distortion sample and deflection
It calculates, the opening size of measurement distortion sample, edge and midpoint respectively measure a bit in a thickness direction, with 3 points of average value
As the sample, the size value of the state, the sample through Overheating Treatment will first carry out removing surface, the size special for numerical value
It re-measures, the amount of distortion of process is equal to the difference of size before size and process after process, and the size after technique is greater than work
Size before skill is denoted as "+", and the size after technique is denoted as "-" less than the size before technique, and the high slide calliper rule of service precision are surveyed
Slide calliper rule will be carried out dimensional measurement using same by the same operator by verification by amount, slide calliper rule.
6. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: at the optimization of Heat Treatment Process, including heat
The optimization of process program, the optimization of heat treatment process parameter are managed, the optimization of heat treatment shove charge operation and heat-treatment distortion are weak
The determination of link, heat treatment process scheme optimization:Hardening and tempering process use is just quenched back or Q-tempering；At preparation heat
Reason is using annealing or normalizing；Quenching uses primary quenching or secondary quenching, and 4. tempering is using primary tempering, still
Double tempering, 5. cooling to use air, oil, water, water-based hardening liquid, or spraying, water spray etc., heat treatment process parameter optimization:The optimization of heating temperature, soaking time: in reasonable range, heating temperature is suitably reduced, reduces soaking time etc.；The optimization of heating: further limiting heating rate, increase the quantity of preheating step or change preheating step temperature value etc.；The optimization of cooling procedure: using delayed quenching, and double quenching reduced for the first coolant liquid residence time, and pre-cooling plus biliquid are quenched
Fire, isothermal hardening promote the temperature of quenching liquid, improve the stirring means of quenching liquid, be heat-treated shove charge operation optimization: at test heat
The deformation characteristic for managing furnace, makes full use of the deformation characteristic of stove, for example, easily-deformable workpiece, which is placed on stove, deforms small region,
Vice versa；The stringent workpiece of deformation requirements is placed on stove and deforms small region, and vice versa, heat-treatment distortion weak link
It determines:This testing experiment method can test the deflection of single track heat treatment procedure, can also test multiple tracks heat treatment work
The overall deformation of sequence, thus can which road heat treatment procedure deflection be big with test and comparison；Complicated for structure size
Workpiece, can test structure size whether weak link；The test of heat-treatment distortion weakness parameter, the heating of quenching process
Parameter, heating temperature and soaking time parameter, the weak link for quenching cooling parameter.
7. testing experiment method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: heat-treatment furnace include all kinds of resistance furnaces, gas furnace,
Vacuum drying oven etc. can be omitted using vacuum drying oven and apply anti-carburizi ng or antioxidizing paint, be arranged according to hearth type heat treatment, Workpiece structure size
Distort sample, and the quantity and placement principle for the sample that distorts are: resistance furnace considers workpiece shapes, burner hearth geomery when placing sample
And the factors such as fire door position determine quantity and the position of sample；Gas furnace considers workpiece shapes, burner hearth shape ruler when placing sample
Very little, fire door position and nozzle location factor determine sample quantities and position；Vacuum drying oven considers workpiece shapes, burner hearth when placing sample
Geomery and gas flow factor determine sample quantities and position, and the shove charge position of the sample compared is consistent.
8. test method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the distortion sample is 40CrNi2Mo structural steel, steel
The trade mark, chemical component, sulphur phosphorus content, macrostructure, non-metallic inclusion, grain size, surface quality etc. are intended to meet GB/T
3077-2015 structural steel standard.
9. test method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to be suitable for structural steel, mould steel, including GB/T
This method can be used in the heat-treatment distortion testing experiment of all grade of steel workpiece in 3077-2015 structural steel standard；GB/T
Cold work die steel, hot die steel, plastic die steel and specific use die steel in 1299-2014 mould steel standard
The heat-treatment distortion testing experiment of workpiece also can be used this method, applicable heat-treatment furnace, resistance furnace include chamber type electric resistance furnace,
Trolley resistance furnace, well formula resistance furnace, pit resistance furnace etc.；Gas furnace is mainly large-scale trolley of gas-fired furnace；Vacuum drying oven includes vertical
Vacuum drying oven, horizontal vacuum furnace, vacuum air-quenching furnace, vacuum oil quenching.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111850254A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 綦江重配齿轮有限公司 | Method for preventing spline shaft from medium-frequency quenching deformation |
| CN113759090A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 湖南大学 | Forging test method for eliminating influence of forging and heat treatment |
| CN115029544A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-09 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall circular ring type part based on simulation prediction |
| CN115449607A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-12-09 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for determining isothermal gas quenching process parameters for prolonging service life of cold-work die material |
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2019
- 2019-07-08 CN CN201910609388.8A patent/CN110205480A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111850254A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 綦江重配齿轮有限公司 | Method for preventing spline shaft from medium-frequency quenching deformation |
| CN113759090A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 湖南大学 | Forging test method for eliminating influence of forging and heat treatment |
| CN115029544A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-09 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall circular ring type part based on simulation prediction |
| CN115029544B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-01 | 钢铁研究总院有限公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method for thin-wall annular parts based on simulation prediction |
| CN115449607A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-12-09 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for determining isothermal gas quenching process parameters for prolonging service life of cold-work die material |
| CN115449607B (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-01-26 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for determining isothermal gas quenching process parameters for prolonging service life of cold working die material |
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