CN110199990A - Application of the surfactant as auxiliary agent in terms of for improving fruits and vegetables pesticide efficacy - Google Patents
Application of the surfactant as auxiliary agent in terms of for improving fruits and vegetables pesticide efficacy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199990A CN110199990A CN201910519159.7A CN201910519159A CN110199990A CN 110199990 A CN110199990 A CN 110199990A CN 201910519159 A CN201910519159 A CN 201910519159A CN 110199990 A CN110199990 A CN 110199990A
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- fumosorosea
- ofx
- surfactant
- nekal
- auxiliary agent
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- LWEAHXKXKDCSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,3-di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)=CC2=C1 LWEAHXKXKDCSIE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241001674939 Caulanthus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N i-Pr2C2H4i-Pr2 Natural products CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004763 spore germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 244000070406 Malus silvestris Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- UKIMGCJPCFNHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl naphthalene-1-sulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)OCC(C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 UKIMGCJPCFNHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000254127 Bemisia tabaci Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272639 Brachycaudus mimeuri Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000188153 Isaria fumosorosea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000721621 Myzus persicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000500437 Plutella xylostella Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000490 cosmetic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000255 pathogenic effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Application the invention discloses surfactant as auxiliary agent in terms of for improving fruits and vegetables pesticide efficacy；The surfactant refers to PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193) and diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate (Nekal)；The biological insecticides refer to: fumosorosea PF904；The fruits and vegetables refer to: wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber.The result shows that: 2 kinds of surfactants are in 125 mgL‑1‑500 mg·L‑1Under wettability of the fumosorosea spore suspension on 4 kinds of test plant blades can be improved.The measurement result of inhibition of germination shows: Nekal and OFX-0193 acts on fumosorosea PF904 spore germination unrestraint, therefore, 2 kinds of surfactants of Nekal and OFX-0193 can be used as the auxiliary agent of fumosorosea prevention and treatment apple, wild cabbage class pest；OFX-0193 also acts as the auxiliary agent of prevention and treatment eggplant class pest.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of insecticides adjuvant application.More particularly to surfactant as auxiliary agent for improving
Application in terms of fruits and vegetables pesticide efficacy.
Background technique
Wettability and retention volume of the medical fluid on target plant directly affect the effective rate of utilization of pesticide.And wettability
It is related with the contact angle of the surface tension, medical fluid of medical fluid on blade etc..Addition surfactant can be effectively reduced pesticide medicine
The surface tension of liquid, the contact angle for reducing medical fluid and target, and effectively improve wetting ability of the pesticide in target plant and sink
Accumulated amount reduces medicament and is lost, and reduces pollution of the pesticide to environment.But it is most of since domestic technique in using agriculture chemical falls behind relatively
The surfactant added in medical fluid is not up to critical micelle concentration, causes medicament utilization rate low, especially biological insecticides, arrives
There are no the research reports of addition surfactant so far.Further, since the biologies such as microstructure of different plant leaf blades
It learns characteristic also to influence whether the wetting of medical fluid and withhold performance, therefore screening is suitable for the table of biological pesticide and the application of different plants
Face active categories are of great significance to the effective rate of utilization, reduction dosage, save the cost that improve biological pesticide.Largely grind
Study carefully and show that many medical fluids are difficult to be attached to the surface of the plants such as wild cabbage, apple and tumble, causes pollution of the pesticide to environment, because
This improves application medical fluid physicochemical property, and the surface tension of especially reduction medical fluid is to improve the important way of biological pesticide utilization rate
Through.In recent years, with the increase year by year that biological pesticide is applied, screening suitable auxiliary agent has weight to the preventive effect for improving biological pesticide
Want meaning.
The present invention relates to different surfaces activating agent include: the limited public affairs in water-soluble silicon oil OFX-0193(DOW CORNING Shanghai
Department) it is mainly used for cosmetic additive agent or surfactant, it is sufficiently stable in water system, surface tension can be reduced；Two isobutyls
Base sodium naphthalene sulfonate Nekal is mainly used for bleeding agent, emulsifier, detergent, dyeing auxiliaries, dispersing agent and wetting agent etc..
Fumosorosea is a kind of insect pathogenic fungus of great exploitation potential, to diamondback moth Plutella
Xylostella(Linnaeus), Bemisia tabaci Bemisa babaci(Gennadius), black peach aphid Myzus persicae
(Sulzer) etc. vegetable-crop pest-insects and fruit tree, Pests of Tea-Plants have important pathogenic effects.Can the spore of insect pathogenic fungus attached
Be the key that in target plant its infect host insect.But these spores lack wetability, dispersibility and absorbability mostly,
Therefore only make insect pathogenic fungus Spore adhesion in target plant as much as possible, could preferably play microbial pesticide
To the control action of pest.Currently, there are many research for the utilization efficiency that related surfactant is used to improve chemical pesticide, and close
Attachment and drug effect of the biological pesticide on host plant can be improved in surfactant to have not been reported.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the present invention is determined using the fumosorosea spore suspension for adding different surfaces activating agent as test material
The surface tension of medical fluid and contact angle and maximum stable retention volume on different test plant blades, and carried out for face of taking temperature
The safety evaluatio of activating agent, with filter out improve fumosorosea PF904 effective rate of utilization most suitable surfactant and
Concentration.The present invention using above-mentioned surfactant as auxiliary agent be used to improve biological insecticides effective rate of utilization at present both at home and abroad still
It has not been reported.
To achieve the above object, the invention discloses following technology contents:
Surfactant is for improving application of the biological insecticides in terms of fruits and vegetables pest effective rate of utilization；The surface-active
Agent aid refers to PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193) and diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate (Nekal)；The agriculture
Medicine refers to: fumosorosea PF904；The fruits and vegetables refer to: wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber.
Effective rate of utilization of the present invention refers to that surfactant is improving fumosorosea PF904 in fruits and vegetables plant
The maximum stable retention volume of wettability, reduction contact angle and medical fluid on object.
For screening be suitable for fumosorosea (Isaria fumosorosea) PF904 bacterial strain surfactant, this
Test has carried out wettability, Maximum retension of the fumosorosea on fruit and vegetable blade after addition different surfaces activating agent
With the research of contact angle.The result shows that: PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193), ɑ-sodium olefin sulfonate (AOS) and two
3 kinds of surfactants of sodium isobutyl naphthalene sulfonate (Nekal) are in 125 mgL-1-500 mg·L-1Under rose dark brown stick can be improved
Wettability of the beam spore spore suspension on 4 kinds of test plant blades；Wherein concentration is 250 mgL-1Nekal is in wild cabbage
With Maximum retension (11.90,13.28) mgcm on Apple Leaves-2It is significantly better than with contact angle (29.5 °, 27.5 °)
OFX-0193 and AOS, wetting effect are best；On eggplant leaf, addition concentration is 125 mgL-1OFX-0193 when withhold
Measure 9.45 mgcm of maximum-2；And solution surface tension of the pulullan polysaccharide (Pullulan) when reaching critical micelle concentration is greater than
The critical surface tension of wild cabbage, apple and eggplant leaf, contact angle are all larger than 90 °, and wettability is worst.Inhibition of germination
Measurement result show: Nekal and OFX-0193 to fumosorosea PF904 spore germination unrestraint act on, AOS is to its table
It is now inhibiting effect.Therefore, 2 kinds of surfactants of Nekal and OFX-0193 can be used as fumosorosea prevention and treatment apple, sweet
The auxiliary agent of blue class pest；OFX-0193 also acts as the auxiliary agent of prevention and treatment eggplant class pest.
It is not easy to be attached to plant surface present invention mainly solves biological insecticides fumosorosea and seriously affects medicine
The problem of effect, high spot reviews influence of the different surfaces activating agent to medical fluid wet performance and the safety to biological insecticides,
Main difficult point is 2 kinds of surfactants in the surface tension and contact angle for reducing medical fluid and improves the stable retention volume side of medical fluid
The research in face.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that 4 kinds of auxiliary agents reach surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration；
Fig. 2 is contact angle knot of the fumosorosea spore suspension of addition different surfaces activating agent on test plant blade
Fruit；Wherein A: wild cabbage；B: apple；C: eggplant；D: cucumber.Data are average ± standard deviation in figure.Different letters are indicated through LSD
Method is examined significant in the level difference of P < 0.05.
Fig. 3 be add different surfaces activating agent fumosorosea spore suspension on wild cabbage and Apple Leaves most
It is big to stablize retention volume；A: wild cabbage；B: apple.Data are average ± standard deviation in figure.Different letters indicate to examine through LSD methodP<0.05Level difference is significant.
Fig. 4 be add different surfaces activating agent fumosorosea spore suspension on eggplant and cucumber leaves most
It is big to stablize retention volume；Wherein A: eggplant；B: cucumber.Data are average ± standard deviation in figure.Different letters indicate to examine through LSD method
It tests significant in the level difference of P < 0.05.
Fig. 5 is fumosorosea conidia germination situation after addition different surfaces activating agent；Wherein A, E: in control
Spore germination；B, F:OFX-0193 miospore is sprouted；C, G:Nekal miospore is sprouted；D, H:AOS miospore is sprouted.A-D:12h
Conidia germination situation；E-H:24h conidia germination situation.CO: conidium；GT: germ tube；AP: attachment spore.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention
It is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, it is not intended to limit the present invention
Range, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
Under the premise of invention spirit and scope, to the various changes or change of material component and dosage progress in these embodiments
It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.The raw materials used in the present invention and reagent are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
Test plant blade: fresh wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and the cucumber leaves that acquisition is planted from Agricultural University Of Shanxi experimental plot.
Strains tested and surfactant: insect key lab, fumosorosea PF904(Agricultural University Of Shanxi is protected
It deposits, sees bioengineering journal, 2019,35(1): 114-120)；PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193) is (on DOW CORNING
Extra large Co., Ltd), ɑ-sodium olefin sulfonate AOS(Linyi City Lv Sen Chemical Co., Ltd.), diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate Nekal(faces
Lv Sen Chemical Co., Ltd., Yihe River city), the biotech inc pulullan polysaccharide Pullulan(Shan Dongkang Na Xin).
For test instrument: JC2000C1 contact angle instrument (Shanghai Zhongchen digital technology equipment Co., Ltd), JYW-200B
Micro-control surface and interface automatic tension instrument (Chengde gold and instrument manufacturing Co., Ltd), electronic balance (Beijing Sai Duolisi scientific instrument
Co., Ltd), 1~100 μ L liquid-transfering gun (Shanghai Ken Qiang Instrument Ltd.) etc..
1.2 method
1.2.1 the measurement of test plant blade critical surface tension
Fresh wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber leaves are chosen, by the liquid dropping of different surfaces tension on blade, are used
Contact angle measurement measures contact angle.Make regression equation with surface tension value of the contact angle cos θ to solution, it is right when cos θ=1
The surface tension of liquid answered is the critical surface tension value of the plant.
1.2.2 the preparation of spore suspension
The culture medium for the fumosorosea PF904 bacterial strain stored at 4 DEG C is activated into 1d at room temperature, is seeded in PDA culture medium
After upper culture 10d, spore is slowly scraped with acicula is connect, spore suspension is configured to clear water repeated flushing, uses liquid-transfering gun
Spore suspension is added dropwise on haemocytometer, adjustment spore concentration is 1 × 104Spore/mL.
1.2.3 for the preparation of reagent liquid
Different surfaces activating agent is added in spore suspension made of fumosorosea bacterial strain, is formulated as respectively containing surface
62.5 mgL of activating agent-1、125 mg·L-1、250 mg·L-1、500 mg·L-1With 1000 mgL-15 mass concentrations
The medical fluid of gradient, the spore suspension of clear water is added as control.
1.2.4 the measurement of surface tension and critical micelle concentration
Use the surface tension of micro-control surface and interface automatic tension instrument measurement respective concentration medical fluid.250mL is poured into respectively for reagent liquid
Triangular flask in, sufficiently shake up, medical fluid to be measured poured into glass dish and is placed on self-raising platform, click and rise, until platinum
Ring is completely immersed in medical fluid, clicks decline, until platinum ring is fully withdrawn liquid level, interfacial tensimeter will record the maximum value of pulling force
It is the surface tension of the medical fluid.Same sample duplicate measurements 3 times, the surface tension measured and concentration are mapped, obtain one
Curve is the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant in medical fluid at knee of curve.
1.2.5 the measurement of contact angle
2 × 2cm of clip2Plant leaf blade, is sticked to by the test plant blade (avoiding vein, scab etc.) of fresh clean with double-sided adhesive
It on glass slide, lies on the sample stage of contact angle measurement, draws prepared medical fluid with liquid-transfering gun and be added dropwise on blade face, use
Camera on contact angle measurement photographs the drop on blade face in 20s, inputs computer, calculates drop by goniometry and exist
Contact angle on different plant leaf blades is control with the fumosorosea suspension of non-adding assistant, and when measurement controls temperature
In (25 ± 1) DEG C.
1.2.6 the measurement of maximum stable retention volume
Clip area is 2 × 2cm24 kinds of test plant blades, weigh (W0, g) in the balance, be vertically put into confession with tweezers clamping
3~5 s in reagent liquid, pull the blade out rapidly the water surface, suspended vertically, weigh (W1, g) when it trickles there is no drop, meter
Calculate the maximum stable retention volume R of bladem(mg·cm-2).Maximum stable retention volume Rm(mg·cm-2)=(W1-W0) × 1000/ leaf
Piece area (cm2)。
1.2.7 influence of the surfactant to spore germination
The fumosorosea PF904 conidium for cultivating 10d on PDA plate is taken, is added in the sterile water containing 2% glucose,
Shaken well on turbula shaker, and be 10 with blood counting chamber adjustment spore concentration4A spore/mL.It is added in spore suspension
1.2.4 the surfactant for the optium concentration that fumosorosea wetability can be improved that~1.2.6 method filters out.It will contain
The spore suspension of variety classes and concentration surface activating agent is placed in 25 ± 1 DEG C, 160r/min shaken cultivation, each medicament on shaking table
Concentration is repeated 5 times, the spore suspension of surfactant is not added as control.Respectively at 12h, 20 μ L spore suspensions drop is taken for 24 hours
Spore germination situation is counted on concave slide, being placed under microscope, and is photographed to record.Inhibition of germination (%)=(1- processing
Sprouting number/control sprouting number) × 100%.
The analysis of 1.3 data
Test data is calculated through Microsoft Excel 2010, is drawn through Sigmaplot 12.5, is used 7.05 software of DPS
For statistical analysis, significance test of difference LSD method, significance is set asP < 0.05。
2 results and analysis
The critical surface tension of 2.1 test plant blades
Test measures the critical surface tension value (table 1) of wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber leaves.The surface tension of medical fluid is less than
When the critical surface tension of plant, medical fluid just can on plant leaf blade wet spreading.
The regression equation and critical surface tension of 14 kinds of plants of table
The 2.2 different surface tension for reagent liquid
The surface tension value of fumosorosea spore suspension is 70.8mN/m, is significantly higher than test plant wild cabbage, apple, eggplant
The critical surface tension of son and cucumber leaves, it is difficult to be opened up in the wetting of test plant blade.As Pullulan, OFX-0193, AOS
500 mgL are respectively reached with the addition concentration of Nekal-1、500 mg·L-1、250 mg·L-1With 250 mgL-1When, medical fluid
Surface tension is reduced to 45.6 mNm respectively-1、27.3 mN·m-1、24.3 mN·m-1With 21.8 mNm-1, and 4 kinds of auxiliary agents
The surface tension value of solution no longer changes with the increase of concentration, that is, reaches critical micelle concentration (CMC).
From the point of view of 4 kinds of auxiliary agents of measurement reach surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration (Fig. 1), as addition OFX-
0193, when 3 kinds of auxiliary agents of AOS and Nekal, 4 kinds are all larger than its surface tension for trying the critical surface tension of blade, show this 3 kinds
Auxiliary agent is remarkably improved the wettability of medical fluid under suitable concentration, wherein optimal for Nekal, and Pullulan reaches and faces
Corresponding surface tension is consistently greater than the critical surface tension of wild cabbage, apple and eggplant leaf when boundary's micellar concentration.
Contact angle of the medical fluid of 2.3 addition different surfaces activating agents on 4 kinds of plant leaf blades
Add contact angle result (figure of the fumosorosea spore suspension of different surfaces activating agent on test plant blade
2) show: with the raising of OFX-0193, AOS and Nekal concentration, fumosorosea spore suspension is in each test plant leaf
The contact angle of piece is remarkably decreased, and there are significant differences with control group for each concentration surface activating agent.On cabbage leaves, when
The concentration of Nekal and AOS is only 62.5 mgL-1When, contact angle shows that wetability is good less than 60 °, and OFX-0193 and
The contact angle of 5 concentration of Pullulan is all larger than 60 °, and wetability is medium to poor；On Apple Leaves, as Nekal, OFX-
0193 and AOS concentration is only 62.5 mgL-1When, contact angle is respectively less than 60 °, and wetability is good, and 5 concentration of Pullulan connect
For feeler between 90 ° -100 °, wetability is poor；On eggplant and cucumber leaves, the concentration of Nekal, OFX-0193 and AOS are added
For 62.5 mgL-1When, for contact angle less than 60 °, wetability is good, and Pullulan addition concentration is respectively 250 mgL-1、
500 mg·L-1When, less than 60 ° wetabilitys of contact angle on cucumber and eggplant leaf are good.In view of surfactant in medical fluid
Concentration answer it is the smaller the better, also need selection reduce the higher auxiliary agent of surface tension efficiency, therefore select OFX-0193, AOS, Nekal
Carry out next step test.
Maximum stable retention volume of the medical fluid of 2.4 addition different surfaces activating agents on 4 kinds of plant leaf blades
2.4.1 the maximum stable retention volume for reagent liquid on wild cabbage and Apple Leaves
Fumosorosea spore suspension retention volume result (Fig. 3) table on wild cabbage and Apple Leaves after addition surfactant
Bright: being not added with the fumosorosea spore suspension of surfactant in the liquid holdup of wild cabbage and Apple Leaves is only 3.79
mg·cm-2、4.17 mg·cm-2, with the increase of 3 kinds of assistant concentrations, retention volume obviously rises.When Nekal and AOS concentration is
250 mg·L-1, OFX-0193 concentration be 500 mgL-1When (reaching critical micelle concentration), for reagent liquid in wild cabbage and apple
Retention volume reaches maximum on blade.Wherein, 250 mgL are added-1Retention volume of the Nekal medical fluid on 2 kinds of test plant blades
Maximum, up to 11.90 mgcm-2、13.28 mg·cm-2, it is all remarkably higher than other 2 kinds of surfactants and control.
2.4.2 the maximum stable retention volume for reagent liquid on eggplant and cucumber leaves
Fumosorosea spore suspension maximum stable retention volume knot on eggplant and cucumber leaves after addition surfactant
Fruit (Fig. 4) shows: being not added with liquid holdup of the fumosorosea spore suspension in eggplant and cucumber leaves of surfactant
It is more, respectively 8.52 mgcm-2、7.66 mg·cm-2.As assistant concentration is gradually increased, for reagent liquid in eggplant and Huang
Retention volume on melon blade is being reduced, wild cabbage and Apple Leaves retention volume it is least be OFX-0193, in eggplant cucumber leaves
Retention volume is most.When OFX-0193 addition concentration is 125 mgL-1When, the surface tension of medical fluid reaches the critical table of eggplant
Face tension, retention volume maximum of the OFX-0193 medical fluid on eggplant leaf is up to 9.45 mgcm at this time-2。
The influence that 2.5 reagent agents sprout fumosorosea PF904
3 kinds of surfactants most preferably soak concentration to the inhibiting rate such as table 2 of fumosorosea spore germination.Difference is for face of taking temperature
Influence of the activating agent to fumosorosea conidia germination is different.Wherein OFX-0193 and Nekal are to fumosorosea
After spore germination unrestraint acts on (Fig. 5 B, F, C, G), and the fumosorosea conidium for adding OFX-0193 is cultivated for 24 hours,
The generation (Fig. 5 F) for largely adhering to spore can be observed, part spore can be sprouted to both ends, show OFX-0193 to rose dark brown cluster
The sprouting of spore spore has certain facilitation；And there is apparent influence (figure to fumosorosea spore germination in AOS
5D, H), when concentration is 125 mgL-1When, inhibition of germination 19.58% is best to soak 250 mgL of concentration-1When spore
Sub- Germination suppression rate is up to 85.71%.As it can be seen that Nekal and OFX-0193 can be used as the surfactant of fumosorosea PF904,
And AOS therefore cannot act as the surfactant of fumosorosea PF904 due to inhibiting spore germination.
Inhibiting rate of the 2 different surfaces activating agent of table to fumosorosea PF904 spore germination
Note: inhibition of germination for 24 hours is handled；Different letters indicate to examine through LSD methodP<0.05Level difference is significant
Conclusion: 2 kinds of surfactants of PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193) and diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate (Nekal)
In 125 mgL-1-500 mg·L-1Under fumosorosea spore suspension can be improved in wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber 4
Wettability on kind plant leaf blade, and improve its stable retention volume and reduce contact angle, and to fumosorosea spore
Son is sprouted and is not influenced, therefore this 2 kinds of surfactants can be used as effective auxiliary agent of biological pesticide fumosorosea.And general Shandong
Blue polysaccharide (Pullulan) wettability is poor, and ɑ-sodium olefin sulfonate (AOS) has apparent suppression to fumosorosea spore germination
Production is used, and cannot function as effective auxiliary agent of fumosorosea.
Claims (4)
1. application of the surfactant as auxiliary agent in terms of for improving fruits and vegetables pesticide efficacy；The surface-active
Agent refers to PEG-12 dimethyl silicone polymer (OFX-0193) and diisobutyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate (Nekal)；The pesticide refers to
: fumosorosea PF904；The fruits and vegetables refer to: wild cabbage, apple, eggplant and cucumber.
2. application described in claim 1, effective rate of utilization therein refers to that fumosorosea can be improved in surfactant
Wettability of the PF904 on fruit and vegetable plant.
3. application described in claim 1, effective rate of utilization therein refers to surfactant Nekal and OFX-0193 sweet
Maximum retension on blue and apple.
4. application described in claim 1, effective rate of utilization therein refers to surfactant Nekal and OFX-0193 reduction
The contact angle of medical fluid and plant.
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