CN110196881B - Block chain-based data reading and writing method and block chain network structure - Google Patents
Block chain-based data reading and writing method and block chain network structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data read-write method based on a block chain and a block chain network structure, comprising the following steps: an inner layer node of a block chain receives a write request sent by a user, the inner layer node broadcasts the write request to other inner layer nodes, and all the inner layer nodes recognize the write request together to prevent the write request from being tampered; each inner layer node of the block chain writes data corresponding to the write request and sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node; an outer node of the block chain receives a write request sent by an inner node and writes corresponding data; and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, adding a new outer node to the block chain to expand the capacity of all the outer nodes for receiving the read requests. The invention reasonably expands the reading performance or the writing performance of the block chain on the premise of not influencing each other.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of blockchain technologies, and in particular, to a data read/write method based on a blockchain and a blockchain network structure.
Background
With the rapid expansion of the internet scale and the blowout-type increase of data volume, the secure storage of data is becoming an increasingly concerned issue. Research and research reports show that unsafe storage of data can cause various levels of inconvenience to related enterprises, institutions and owners in many roles, both legal and ethical.
The blockchain technology is a decentralized data sharing technology, has multiple characteristics of openness, autonomy, non-tampering and the like, and is a distributed storage model which is most accepted by the public at present and has extremely high security degree. However, the problem of expandability is always an important factor for preventing further development, and the problem is a concern of researchers. With the increasing popularization of the block chain technology, the read-write request frequency between users and the block chain is increasing, so that the read-write requests borne by the block chain nodes grow exponentially, and network congestion and even paralysis can be caused directly. Therefore, how to improve the ability of the blockchain system to bear read/write requests is one of the key issues to solve the problem of blockchain scalability
Although in the existing solution, there are side chains, technical researches such as a lightning network and the like focus on the problem of scalability of a blockchain, in a scenario where read-write request frequency is unbalanced and the read request frequency is much larger than the write request frequency, there is still a problem of unreasonable capacity expansion, that is, the write performance of the blockchain is reduced while the read performance of the blockchain is improved. For example, when a blockchain system is used to store electronic medical records for data sharing, the number of mechanisms participating in data sharing is increasing, and the demand for writing medical record data into a blockchain per day is kept stable, which is much lower than the demand for reading the medical record sharing of the blockchain. Therefore, the frequency of reading medical record data on the blockchain is much higher than the frequency of writing medical record data on the blockchain. At this time, if the conventional technique is used to expand the number of nodes of the block chain, increasing the number of nodes of the block chain increases the data reading capability of the block chain, but reduces the write rate under the same write demand, reduces the write performance, and may cause an unreasonable expansion problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem that the capacity expansion is unreasonable in the existing block chain network under the condition that the read request frequency is far greater than the write request frequency.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a data reading and writing method based on a block chain, including the following steps:
an inner layer node of a block chain receives a write request sent by a user, the inner layer node broadcasts the write request to other inner layer nodes of the block chain, and all the inner layer nodes recognize the write request in common to prevent the write request from being tampered; the nodes of the block chain comprise a plurality of inner-layer nodes and a plurality of outer-layer nodes, the inner-layer nodes are connected with each other, and the outer-layer nodes are connected with the inner-layer nodes;
each inner layer node of the block chain writes data corresponding to the write request and sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
an outer node of the block chain receives a write request sent by an inner node and writes corresponding data;
the outer-layer nodes of the block chain receive the read requests sent by the users, and query data corresponding to the read requests in the stored data to return query results to the users, wherein the total amount of the read requests which can be received by all the outer-layer nodes has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, new outer-layer nodes are added to the block chain to expand the capacity of all the outer-layer nodes for receiving the read requests.
Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of:
when a new outer node is added to the block chain, the new outer node sends a request to the inner node to synchronize data;
after the outer-layer node operates for a period of time, the inner-layer node is periodically inquired through a heartbeat mechanism to check data so as to ensure the data consistency with the inner-layer node.
Optionally, the writing of the data corresponding to the write request by the outer node specifically includes:
the outer layer node preferentially stores the data corresponding to the write request in a memory of the outer layer node, and when the retention time of the data in the memory exceeds a preset time period or the utilization rate reaches a preset threshold value, the data are transferred to other local storage media corresponding to the outer layer node.
Optionally, the inner node asynchronously sends the write request to the outer node connected thereto.
Optionally, the returning, by the outer node, the query result to the user specifically includes:
at least one outer layer node in the outer layer nodes receives a reading request sent by a user, and each node returns a query result to the user, so that the user determines a final query result according to the query result returned by the at least one outer layer node, and the query result received by the user is prevented from being tampered.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a blockchain network structure, comprising: a plurality of inner nodes and a plurality of outer nodes;
the inner layer nodes are connected with each other, and each inner layer node is used for receiving a write request sent by a user and broadcasting the write request to other inner layer nodes of the block chain, so that each inner layer node writes data corresponding to the write request; each inner layer node sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
the outer layer nodes are connected to the inner layer nodes in a scattered mode, receive write requests sent by the inner layer nodes and write corresponding data;
at least one outer layer node receives a read request sent by a user, and inquires data corresponding to the read request in data stored by the outer layer node to return an inquiry result to the user, wherein the total amount of the read requests which can be accepted by all the outer layer nodes has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, a new outer layer node is added to the block chain network to expand the capacity of all the outer layer nodes for accepting the read requests.
Optionally, when a new outer node is added to the blockchain network, the new outer node sends a request to the inner node to synchronize data; after the outer node operates for a period of time, the outer node periodically queries the inner node through a heartbeat mechanism to check data so as to ensure the data consistency with the inner node.
Optionally, the outer node preferentially stores the data corresponding to the write request in a memory of the outer node, and when the retention time of the data in the memory exceeds a preset time period or the usage rate reaches a preset threshold, the outer node transfers the data to other local storage media corresponding to the outer node.
Optionally, the inner node asynchronously sends the write request to the outer node connected thereto.
Optionally, the at least one outer layer node receives a read request sent by a user, and each node returns an inquiry result to the user, so that the user determines a final inquiry result according to the inquiry result returned by the at least one outer layer node, and the inquiry result received by the user is prevented from being tampered.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a read-write separation means aiming at the problem of unreasonable expansion in the traditional expandability solution in a block chain system, namely, nodes on the block chain have different division of labor to process different types of requests. For example, an outer node which only processes read requests and an inner node which only processes write requests are added to expand the blockchain when the read request amount is increased beyond an upper limit, and the number of the inner nodes which are used for processing the write requests in the blockchain is kept unchanged, namely the speed of processing the write requests is not influenced; therefore, under different application scenes and service requirements, the block chain system can be subjected to expansion in different layers, so that the effect that adverse effects on the writing performance can not be caused while the block chain reading performance is unilaterally improved or the adverse effects on the reading performance can not be caused while the block chain writing performance is unilaterally improved is achieved.
The invention provides a block chain based storage method aiming at a block chain storage system based on a read-write separation technology, and by the method, automatic balance between block chain storage cost and block chain performance can be realized, so that the system can be ensured to provide higher read performance and reduce storage cost as far as possible.
The invention provides a voting mode for a block chain storage system based on a read-write separation technology, and based on the voting mode, data information stored in a block chain can be safely and reliably read.
The invention provides a heartbeat mechanism aiming at a block chain storage system based on a read-write separation technology, and through the heartbeat mechanism, the consistent storage of data among different nodes can be realized, so that the safety and the accuracy of the data are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a block chain-based data reading and writing method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of operation of the present invention for a blockchain memory system based on read-write separation;
fig. 3 is an overall structural diagram of the block chain memory system based on the read-write separation technology.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a block chain network-based read-write method and a block chain network, which solve the problem of unreasonable capacity expansion in the existing block chain storage system and simultaneously improve the read performance and safety of the system by combining a storage method and an election method.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a block chain-based data reading and writing method provided in the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
s101, an inner layer node of a block chain receives a write request sent by a user, the inner layer node broadcasts the write request to other inner layer nodes of the block chain, and all the inner layer nodes recognize the write request in common to prevent the write request from being tampered; the nodes of the block chain comprise a plurality of inner-layer nodes and a plurality of outer-layer nodes, the inner-layer nodes are connected with each other, and the outer-layer nodes are connected with the inner-layer nodes;
s102, writing data corresponding to the write request into each inner layer node of the block chain, and sending the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
s103, receiving a write request sent by an inner node and writing corresponding data by the outer node of the block chain;
and S104, receiving the read request sent by the user by the outer-layer node of the block chain, inquiring data corresponding to the read request in the stored data to return an inquiry result to the user, wherein the total amount of the read requests which can be received by all the outer-layer nodes has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, adding a new outer-layer node to the block chain to expand the capacity of all the outer-layer nodes for receiving the read requests.
Optionally, when a new outer node is added to the blockchain, the new outer node sends a request to the inner node to synchronize data;
after the outer-layer node operates for a period of time, the inner-layer node is periodically inquired through a heartbeat mechanism to check data so as to ensure the data consistency with the inner-layer node.
Optionally, the writing of the data corresponding to the write request by the outer node specifically includes:
the outer layer node preferentially stores the data corresponding to the write request in a memory of the outer layer node, and when the retention time of the data in the memory exceeds a preset time period or the utilization rate reaches a preset threshold value, the data are transferred to other local storage media corresponding to the outer layer node.
Optionally, the inner node asynchronously sends the write request to the outer node connected thereto.
Optionally, the returning, by the outer node, the query result to the user specifically includes:
at least one outer layer node in the outer layer nodes receives a reading request sent by a user, and each node returns a query result to the user, so that the user determines a final query result according to the query result returned by the at least one outer layer node, and the query result received by the user is prevented from being tampered.
Specifically, the user collects the query result states returned by the outer-layer nodes, wherein if the number of the consistent states exceeds 50%, the state is determined to be the final result, and if the number of the inconsistent states does not exceed 50%, the final result is determined to be that the data corresponding to the read request does not exist.
The overall thought of the invention is to decouple the read-write coupling function in the traditional block chain node, assign different roles to different nodes, endow different functions to different roles, introduce asynchronous notification, heartbeat and other technologies to keep the data consistency between different nodes, thereby realizing the reasonable capacity expansion of the nodes in the block chain storage system.
As shown in fig. 2, the block chain storage method based on read-write separation technique of the present invention is applied in a block chain system, and includes the following steps:
(1) a user submits a transfer request to the inner node of the block chain;
specifically, here, the transfer request corresponds to an example of a write request. The present invention does not impose any limitations on the form of the specific write request. The write request may also be other types of transaction requests.
(2) Each node on the inner layer of the block chain receives the transfer request and identifies the transfer result;
specifically, the common purpose is to prevent the write requests received by other inner nodes from being tampered.
(3) After the consensus is completed, the transfer result is persisted to a local hard disk of an inner-layer node, and the transfer result is asynchronously submitted to an outer-layer node of the block chain;
specifically, the asynchronous submission means that after the outer node submits the write request to the outer node, the outer node can continue to process other services without waiting for the feedback information of the outer node.
(4) Updating the transfer data in the local memory or the hard disk by the outer node of the block chain according to the transfer result submitted by the inner node;
(5) a user initiates a transfer inquiry request to a plurality of outer nodes of the blockchain;
similarly, the transfer inquiry request is an example illustration of a read request, and the invention does not limit the form of the specific read request. The read request may also be other types of transaction requests.
(6) After receiving a transfer inquiry request initiated by a user, the outer-layer node firstly inquires a local memory, returns transfer information if the transfer information exists, and performs the step 7 if the transfer information does not exist;
(7) the outer node inquires local hard disk data, if transfer information exists, transfer information is returned, and if transfer information does not exist, the transfer information is returned;
(8) the user collects the result states returned by the outer nodes, and the final account transfer information query result is determined locally by the user through a voting method;
specifically, the manner of voting is to prevent the data read by the read request from being tampered.
(9) When a new node is added as an outer layer node or the node continuously operates as the outer layer node, the data consistency with the inner layer node is kept through a heartbeat mechanism.
Specifically, the heartbeat mechanism refers to that an outer node periodically queries an inner node to keep consistency with data of the inner node.
Optionally, the outer node preferentially stores the transaction information submitted by the inner node in a memory of the outer node, and when the time that the transaction information stays in the memory exceeds a certain time period or the memory usage reaches a certain threshold, the transaction information is transferred to other local storage media.
Optionally, the user locally collects the status returned by the outer node, wherein if the number of the consistent statuses exceeds 50%, the status is determined as the final result, and if the number of the inconsistent statuses does not exceed 50%, the final result is determined as the transaction record does not exist.
Optionally, if the outer node has just joined, at this time, the outer node will not have any data, the outer node will actively request and synchronize data from the inner node, and if the outer node has been operated for a while, the outer node will check data with the inner node at regular time intervals to ensure data consistency.
For better understanding, the present invention provides the structure of fig. 3 as an integral blockchain network, as shown in fig. 3, including a plurality of outer nodes 100 and a plurality of inner nodes 200.
The method comprises the following steps that a plurality of inner-layer nodes 200 are connected with one another, and each inner-layer node 200 is used for receiving a write request sent by a user and broadcasting the write request to other inner-layer nodes 200 of a block chain, so that each inner-layer node 200 writes data corresponding to the write request; each inner layer node sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
the outer nodes 100 are connected to the inner nodes 200 in a scattered manner, and the outer nodes 100 receive the write request sent by the inner nodes 200 and write corresponding data;
at least one outer layer node 100 receives a read request sent by a user, and queries data corresponding to the read request in data stored in the outer layer node 100 to return a query result to the user, wherein the total amount of the read requests that all the outer layer nodes 100 can accept has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, a new outer layer node is added to the block chain network to expand the capacity of all the outer layer nodes for accepting the read requests.
Specifically, the functions of each of the inner node 200 and the outer node 100 may refer to the descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The invention discloses a method and a system for reasonably expanding safe storage of a block chain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the block chain storage system based on the read-write separation technology can achieve the effect of capacity expansion by expanding different types of nodes when the read performance reaches the bottleneck or the write performance reaches the bottleneck; the block chain-based data reading and writing method can realize automatic balance between storage overhead and performance so as to support low-overhead storage while ensuring high-performance reading as much as possible; a voting method is provided to realize safe and reliable information reading; a heartbeat mechanism is proposed to achieve consistent storage of data. The invention is suitable for solving the problem of unreasonable capacity expansion in the storage process of the block chain system, and can reasonably expand the read performance or the write performance of the block chain on the premise of not influencing each other.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A data read-write method based on a block chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
an inner layer node of a block chain receives a write request sent by a user, the inner layer node broadcasts the write request to other inner layer nodes of the block chain, and all the inner layer nodes recognize the write request in common to prevent the write request from being tampered; the nodes of the block chain comprise a plurality of inner-layer nodes and a plurality of outer-layer nodes, the inner-layer nodes are connected with each other, and the outer-layer nodes are connected with the inner-layer nodes;
each inner layer node of the block chain writes data corresponding to the write request and sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
an outer node of the block chain receives a write request sent by an inner node and writes corresponding data;
the outer-layer nodes of the block chain receive the read requests sent by the users, and query data corresponding to the read requests in the stored data to return query results to the users, wherein the total amount of the read requests which can be received by all the outer-layer nodes has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, new outer-layer nodes are added to the block chain to expand the capacity of all the outer-layer nodes for receiving the read requests.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
when a new outer node is added to the block chain, the new outer node sends a request to the inner node to synchronize data;
after the outer-layer node operates for a period of time, the inner-layer node is periodically inquired through a heartbeat mechanism to check data so as to ensure the data consistency with the inner-layer node.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the writing of data corresponding to the write request by the outer node specifically includes:
the outer layer node preferentially stores the data corresponding to the write request in a memory of the outer layer node, and when the retention time of the data in the memory exceeds a preset time period or the utilization rate reaches a preset threshold value, the data are transferred to other local storage media corresponding to the outer layer node.
4. The blockchain-based data reading and writing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner node asynchronously sends the write request to an outer node connected thereto.
5. The method for reading and writing data based on a blockchain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer node returns a query result to a user, and specifically comprises:
at least one outer layer node in the outer layer nodes receives a reading request sent by a user, and each node returns a query result to the user, so that the user determines a final query result according to the query result returned by the at least one outer layer node, and the query result received by the user is prevented from being tampered.
6. A blockchain network system, comprising: a plurality of inner nodes and a plurality of outer nodes;
the inner layer nodes are connected with each other, and each inner layer node is used for receiving a write request sent by a user and broadcasting the write request to other inner layer nodes of the block chain, so that each inner layer node writes data corresponding to the write request; each inner layer node sends the write request to an outer layer node connected with the inner layer node;
the outer layer nodes are connected to the inner layer nodes in a scattered mode, receive write requests sent by the inner layer nodes and write corresponding data;
at least one outer layer node receives a read request sent by a user, and inquires data corresponding to the read request in data stored by the outer layer node to return an inquiry result to the user, wherein the total amount of the read requests which can be accepted by all the outer layer nodes has an upper limit, and when the total amount of the read requests reaches a preset proportion of the upper limit, a new outer layer node is added to the block chain network to expand the capacity of all the outer layer nodes for accepting the read requests.
7. The blockchain network system of claim 6, wherein when a new outer node is added to the blockchain network, the added outer node sends a request to the inner node to synchronize data; after the outer node operates for a period of time, the outer node periodically queries the inner node through a heartbeat mechanism to check data so as to ensure the data consistency with the inner node.
8. The blockchain network system according to claim 6, wherein the outer node preferentially stores data corresponding to the write request in a memory of the outer node, and when the time that the data stays in the memory exceeds a preset time period or the usage rate reaches a preset threshold, the outer node transfers the data to other local storage media corresponding to the outer node.
9. The blockchain network system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the inner node asynchronously sends the write request to an outer node connected thereto.
10. The blockchain network system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the at least one outer node receives a read request sent by a user, and each node returns a query result to the user, so that the user determines a final query result according to the query result returned by the at least one outer node, thereby preventing the query result received by the user from being tampered.
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| "Securing configuration management and migration of virtual network functions using blockchain";Igor D. Alvarenga 等;《NOMS 2018- 2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium》;20180427;第1-9页 * |
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