CN1101964A - Steam return type IC engine - Google Patents
Steam return type IC engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1101964A CN1101964A CN93118736A CN93118736A CN1101964A CN 1101964 A CN1101964 A CN 1101964A CN 93118736 A CN93118736 A CN 93118736A CN 93118736 A CN93118736 A CN 93118736A CN 1101964 A CN1101964 A CN 1101964A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
This internal combustion engine features that afterheat boiler and overheater are used to fully recover the heat in exhusted gas and to generate high-pressure, overheat steam which is fed via control valve and steam injection valve into cylinder after work-doing stroke begins to increase drive force of piston, so that heat in exhausted gas is recovered and transformed into output power. The IC engine is suitable for high-load long-term running.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, particularly steam-recycling internal combustion engine.
In known internal-combustion engine, because the heat in the exhaust is not recovered and is converted into output power, this is wasted exhaust gas heat, also environment has been caused bigger pollution simultaneously.Though some internal-combustion engine has utilized exhaust to carry out turbosupercharging, it has mainly improved the power of internal-combustion engine, and is very little to improving thermal efficiency effect.
The objective of the invention is: design a kind of steam-recycling internal combustion engine, this internal-combustion engine utilizes exhaust heat boiler and superheater that the heat in the exhaust is fully reclaimed, the high pressure superheated steam that makes generation enters cylinder through control valve and steam injection valve after the work done process begins, strengthen the Driving force to piston.Thereby realize the heat in the exhaust is converted into output power this purpose by recycling, the thermal efficiency is improved.
Basic structure of the present invention is to have set up steam injection valve on cylinder head, and the pipeline of this valve through being provided with control valve leads to the superheater of exhaust heat boiler, and exhaust heat boiler and superheater then place the gas exhaust piping that communicates with exhaust valve or relief opening.
Basic comprising of the present invention, working principle and each embodiment's CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1, single steam injection valve, gasoline-fueled four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.
Fig. 2, steam-recycling internal combustion engine in the work done process, the injection process of the high pressure steam in the exhaust heat boiler in cylinder.Among Fig. 2,1. work done process begins; 2. the high pressure steam in the exhaust heat boiler enters cylinder through control valve and steam injection valve; 3. the steam injection process stops, the work done process finishes; 4. exhaust process, waste vapour is arranged to exhaust heat boiler.
Fig. 3, two steam injection valves, gasoline-fueled four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.
Fig. 4, the large-sized two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.
Fig. 5, middle-size and small-size two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.
Fig. 6, is the four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine of fuel with diesel oil at single steam injection valve.
Fig. 7, is the four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine of fuel with diesel oil at two steam injection valves.
Embodiment among Fig. 1 is a kind of single steam injection valve, gasoline-fueled four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.The arrangement of basic structure, gas exhaust piping and the exhaust heat boiler etc. of steam-recycling internal combustion engine has been described among the figure.Steam-recycling internal combustion engine grows up on the ordinary internal combustion engine basis, and as seen from the figure, this internal-combustion engine comprises cylinder head (1), cylinder block (50) and crankcase (58) also as ordinary internal combustion engine.On cylinder head (1), be provided with intake valve (3) and the exhaust valve (9) controlled by cam mechanism.Simultaneously, spark plug (17) (adorning oil sprayer in diesel version) also is housed on cylinder head (1).Embodiment among the figure is a four-stroke, in the two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine, establishes relief opening sometimes only establishing exhaust valve on the cylinder head on cylinder, perhaps only establishes relief opening and scavenging port on cylinder.In the cylinder (51) of cylinder block (50) piston (56) is housed, piston links to each other with bent axle (59) in the crankcase (58) through connecting rod (57), and the motion of piston is passed to bent axle by connecting rod, thereby makes crankshaft rotating.
For reclaiming the heat in the exhaust, steam-recycling internal combustion engine has been set up exhaust heat boiler (61) and superheater (62).Certainly, also to dispose devices such as automatic water-supply and safety valve for exhaust heat boiler.Exhaust heat boiler (61) and superheater (62) are arranged in the exhaust line (10) that communicates with exhaust valve (9).On layout, superheater (62) should be than the more close exhaust valve of exhaust heat boiler (61) (9), and the waste vapour that allows cylinder discharge heats superheater earlier.Simultaneously, also to set up thermal-protective coating (65), to keep higher heat recovery rate to some position of exhaust line (10) and exhaust heat boiler (61).For the superheated vapor that exhaust heat boiler is produced can enter cylinder in scheduled time, be provided with steam injection valve (20) on cylinder head (1), this valve is (23), control valve (36) and pipeline (63) superheater (62) that leads to exhaust heat boiler (61) by the road.Only adorned a steam injection valve (20) on the cylinder head in Fig. 1 (1), this valve is an one-way valve, and it is subjected to spring (22) effect to be in normally off by valve rod (21).Only after the work done process began, when control valve (36) was opened, the superheated vapor that exhaust heat boiler comes could enter in the cylinder (51) by steam injection valve (20).And after control valve (36) closed, the gas in the cylinder (51) was can be through steam injection valve (20) to external leakage.Just controlled open-minded in the scope of the atdc of control valve (36) in the work done process to exhaust valve or the exhaust open, under other state, control valve is in closed condition.In this embodiment of Fig. 1, what control valve (36) adopted is a kind of rotary valve, the valve body of this valve (37) is provided with the passage (38) (control valve 36 among the figure is to be in closed condition) that can link up two lateral lines (23), (63), and the passage openings at two ends is on the same axial position of valve body.Valve body (37) through driving mechanism (draw) by bent axle (59) driven rotary.In the four-stroke type, the velocity ratio of this rotary valve and bent axle is 4: 1.
The working procedure of steam-recycling internal combustion engine is the same with ordinary internal combustion engine, also will carry out air inlet, compression, work done and four processes of exhaust.The superheated vapor that exhaust heat boiler (61) and superheater (62) are produced is entered in the work done process in the cylinder (51) by control valve (36) and steam injection valve (20) control, and this process as shown in Figure 2.After being used as the merits and demerits journey and beginning, the fuel-air mixed gas in the cylinder (51) is through spark plug (17) ignition, and formed high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas just promotes the piston that moves on to top dead center (56) downwards.Move on to top dead center when carrying out the work done process at piston, control valve (36) also will be opened, as Fig. 2 1. shown in.Along with combustion gas promotes piston (56) operation downwards, control valve (36) also is in the position of unlatching, as Fig. 2 2. shown in, the superheated vapor that exhaust heat boiler (61) and superheater (62) produce just flow through control valve (36) and pipeline (23), washing steam injection valve (20) open enters in the cylinder (51), shown in arrow among the figure, increase Driving force to piston (56), the power of output is increased.In this course, after control valve (36) is opened, the superheated vapor that exhaust heat boiler comes is can not wash steam injection valve (20) immediately open to enter in the cylinder (51), only the gaseous-pressure in cylinder is along with the descending and corresponding reduction of piston (56), after making vapor pressure surpass the interior pressure of cylinder, superheated vapor just can be washed steam injection valve (20) open and enter in the cylinder.Begin in above-mentioned work done process, piston moves on to atdc, control valve (36) also can be opened thereupon simultaneously, but in some cases, because of the delivery temperature of cylinder very high (in gasoline engine model, sometimes will above 600 ℃), the superheated vapor pressure that exhaust heat boiler produces also can be corresponding very high, can be heated to 300 ℃ as superheated vapor, its pressure just can reach 50 barometric pressure.Like this, the pressure of steam just can often be higher than the maximum combustion pressure in the cylinder.If control valve (36) is opened to atdc in that piston is capable at once, superheated vapor will enter in the cylinder (51) immediately, might influence the normal combustion of fuel-air mixed gas, for avoiding this situation, can allow control valve (36) some unlatchings a little later, open again such as crossing 10 ° of crank angles of top dead center.
When being moved on to after bottom dead center by the downward piston (56) that promotes of combustion and steam mixed gas, the work done process finishes, and control valve (36) is got back to closed position, stops to cylinder (51) steam supply.Then, exhaust valve (9) will be opened (in the actual internal-combustion engine, exhaust valve will be opened in advance), as Fig. 2 3. shown in.For the superheated vapor that enters in the cylinder can fully be expanded, also can the unlatching that the shut-in time of control valve (36) is adjusted to than exhaust valve (9) more be shifted to an earlier date.After exhaust valve (9) is opened, up piston (56) discharges the waste vapour in the cylinder (51), through gas exhaust piping (10) flow to superheater (62) and exhaust heat boiler (61) (as Fig. 2 4. in shown in the arrow), water in the exhaust heat boiler (64) is heated into high pressure steam, further is heated into superheated vapor through superheater again.
What describe among Fig. 3 embodiment also is a kind of gasoline-fueled four-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.Compare with embodiment among Fig. 1, on the cylinder head (1) of this internal-combustion engine, be provided with two steam injection valves (20), these two steam injection valves are located at the both sides of intake valve (3) and exhaust valve (9), each steam injection valve respectively by the road (23) lead to separately control valve (36), and then (63) superheater (62) of leading to exhaust heat boiler (61) by the road.In this embodiment, what control valve (36) adopted also is rotary valve, on the valve body (41) of this valve, be provided with the passage (42) (control valve 36 is to be in opening state among the figure) that to link up two lateral lines (23), (63), different with the control valve among Fig. 1, the both ends open of the passage of this valve (42) is on the different axial positions on the valve body (41), and two openings stagger fully (referring to A-A section among the figure), valve body (41) is driven by bent axle (59) through driving mechanism (not drawing), and both velocity ratios are 2: 1.
In Fig. 1 and two embodiments' of Fig. 3 steam-recycling internal combustion engine, because be to be fuel with gasoline, compression ratio is lower, the volume of firing chamber is also just relatively large, this makes arranges that inlet and outlet door time ratio is easier to, and also can leave enough switching spaces for set steam injection valve.Because steam injection valve (20) has enough switching spaces, just needn't allow steam injection valve be eager to close (but also should before compression process, close), like this, allowing steam injection valve be in the elastic force of the spring (22) of closed condition just can be smaller, with the pressure loss that reduces superheated vapor is caused.
What Fig. 4 embodiment described is the large-sized two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.Owing to be provided with scavenging port (53) and relief opening (52) on the cylinder (51) of this internal-combustion engine, cylinder head does not just have the inlet and outlet door on (1).Like this, can go up at cylinder head (1) and establish several steam injection valves (20) more, as two, the steam injection valve more than four or six are set, so that more help allowing superheated vapor enter in the cylinder (51).In the present embodiment, be provided with six steam injection valves (20) on the cylinder head (1), they per three be one group (as establishing four, per two is one group), every group respectively by the road (24) lead to separately control valve (36), and then (63) superheater (62) of leading to exhaust heat boiler (61) by the road.The control valve (36) that matches with steam injection valve (20) is a rotary valve, is provided with the passage (38) that can link up two lateral lines (24), (63) on the valve body (37) of this valve, and the passage openings at two ends is to be on the same axial position of valve body.Valve body (37) is driven (not drawing) through driving mechanism by bent axle, because be two-stroke, both velocity ratios are 2: 1.
In the two-stroke type of present embodiment, the waste vapour in the cylinder can be taken a breath with reflux type by scavenging port (53) and relief opening (52).The waste vapour of discharging from relief opening (52) leads to superheater (62) and exhaust heat boiler (61) through exhaust line (10), and then just is discharged to the external world through the turbine of turbosupercharger (16).And the gas compressor of turbosupercharger (16) enters cylinder (51) to inhaled air through air chamber (19) from scavenging port (53) under turbine drives.
Fig. 5 embodiment has described a kind of middle-size and small-size two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine.This internal-combustion engine is provided with scavenging port (53) on cylinder (51), an exhaust valve (9) has been installed on the cylinder head (1).Around exhaust valve, two or more steam injection valves (20) can be set, just be provided with three steam injection valves (20) among the figure on embodiment's the cylinder head (1), these steam injection valves are after (25) lead to a total control valve (36) by the road, and (63) lead to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler (61) more by the road.Different with the various embodiments described above, in this embodiment of Fig. 5, control valve (36) is a kind of slide-valve, the spool of this valve (45) is located between two pipelines (25) that lead to steam injection valve (20) and superheater (62), (63), opens or closes under the mechanism controls of being made up of cam (48), push rod (46) and spring (47).Internal-combustion engine among the figure is just carrying out the work done process, spool (45) is in the enable possition through push rod (46) by cam (48) jack-up, so that the steam that allows superheater (62) enters in the cylinder (51) (shown in arrow among the figure) through control valve (36) and steam injection valve (20), increase Driving force to piston (56).In the end of work done process, when exhaust valve (9) will be unlocked, the convex portion of cam (48) also turns over push rod (46), makes spool (45) fall back to closed position by spring (47), thereby cuts off the path that steam leads to cylinder.The work done process finishes, exhaust valve (9) is opened, and the scavenging stream that is provided by gas compressor (54) enters cylinder from the scavenging port (53) on the cylinder, and the exhaust valve (9) of waste vapour through opening wherein extruded cylinder, behind superheater (62) and exhaust heat boiler (61), discharged again.
Here, exhaust valve (9) on the cylinder head (1) and control valve (36) all are to be controlled by the different cam on the same camshaft (49) by driving mechanism separately.
That describes among Fig. 6 embodiment is single gas injection valve, is the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of fuel with diesel oil.In this internal-combustion engine, because of pressured burning-point fire, compression ratio is higher, and this makes the volume of firing chamber less relatively, and the piston (56) of the top dead center that might give way knocks the steam injection valve (20) of in time not closing.For preventing this from occurring, the spring (22) that makes steam injection valve (20) be in normally off has been adopted bigger elastic force, so that steam injection valve can be closed rapidly.After having strengthened the elastic force of spring (22), for avoiding steam injection valve (20) that the superheated vapor build-up of pressure is lost, in the present embodiment, adopted by spring (27), top tube (28), the driving mechanism that cam (30) and corresponding part constitute, in the scope of atdc in internal-combustion engine work done process to exhaust valve or the exhaust open (just opening in the scope) at control valve 36, by cam (30) through rocking arm (29) and top tube (28) pressure spring (27), shown in state among the figure, the spring (22) that impels steam injection valve (20) to close is applied certain active force, allow steam injection valve reduced relatively by the closing function power of spring (22).Like this, superheated vapor only needs just can wash steam injection valve (20) open with very little pressure.Finish and be used as the merits and demerits journey, after needing steam injection valve (20) to close, the projection of cam (30) has turned over rocking arm (29), allow spring (27) loosen rapidly, lose pressure effect to spring (22), at this moment spring (22) will drive steam injection valve (20) and catches up with at piston (56) row and close rapidly to budc, bumps against to avoid both.For this mechanism that sets up of control steam injection valve also can be used in the middle of the above-mentioned variant embodiment, so that steam injection valve can adapt to the different operating conditions of internal-combustion engine better.
Inlet and outlet door and steam injection valve on the cylinder head (1) are to be controlled by the different cam on the same camshaft (15) by rocking arm separately, as for the structure and the layout of other parts, and can be referring to embodiment among Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 embodiment describes is two steam injection valves, be the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of fuel with diesel oil.On the cylinder head (1) of this type, be provided with double valve and two intake valve, simultaneously, two steam injection valves (20) be installed also on cylinder head.As seen from the figure, be connected by the pipeline of walking around oil sprayer (18) (26) between two steam injection valves (20), (23) lead to master control valve (36) more by the road, and (63) lead to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler (61) then by the road.What the control valve here (36) adopted is slide-valve, and the spool of this valve (45) can cut off the pipeline that leads to steam injection valve and superheater (23), (63) or link up under the control of cam (48) and spring (47).Control valve among the figure (36) is the closed position that is in the bottom.For two steam injection valves (20) on the cylinder head (1), also adopted with Fig. 6 embodiment in identical mechanism by formations such as spring (27), top tube (28) and cams (30), allow corresponding the reducing of closing function power of steam injection valve suffered spring (22) in the work done process.But,, adopted the lazy-tongs that constitute by rocking arm (32), connecting rod (33) and rocking arm (34), controlled by cam (30) by push rod (35) again for controlling two steam injection valves (20) simultaneously.
In above embodiment, describe steam-recycling internal combustion engine working procedure, dissimilar and best embodiment in detail.Wherein, gasoline-fueled steam-recycling internal combustion engine is lower because of compression ratio, and firing pressure is less, and delivery temperature is very high, help most allowing exhaust heat boiler and superheater from exhaust, reclaim a lot of heats, simultaneously, also can allow superheated vapor enter in the middle of the cylinder more.Therefore, gasoline-fueled steam-recycling internal combustion engine is all more favourable than other type aspect the heat recovery and utilization rate, thereby can overcome low this deficiency of the thermal efficiency in the regular gasoline machine fully.
In the middle of four-stroke and two-stroke steam-recycling internal combustion engine,, more favourable than two-stroke type aspect the heat? recovery rate because of four-stroke type delivery temperature height.Improve the heat? recovery rate of two-stroke type, should start with, allow cool air in gas exchange process, sneak in the middle of the exhaust less as far as possible, so that keep higher delivery temperature from the gas exchange process that improves in the cylinder.
Though steam-recycling internal combustion engine has been set up exhaust heat boiler, superheater and steam injection valve, control valve etc., original internal-combustion engine to be changed not quite, the influence of the combustion process of the fuel-air mixed steam that carries out in the countercylinder is also less.Therefore, help using widely in practice.Steam-recycling internal combustion engine is adapted at often using down with higher power and long-time operating condition, and the aspects such as automobile that it are used for boats and ships, surface power station, internal combustion locomotive and long-distance running are very suitable.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of steam-recycling internal combustion engine, it comprises cylinder head (1), cylinder block (50) and crankcase (58), usually, on cylinder head (1), be provided with intake valve (3) and the exhaust valve (9) controlled by cam mechanism, or on cylinder head, establish exhaust valve (9), and on cylinder (51), establish scavenging port (53), relief opening (52) and scavenging port (53) perhaps only are set on cylinder, spark plug (17) or oil sprayer (18) also are housed on cylinder head (1), piston (56) is housed in cylinder (51), piston links to each other with bent axle (59) in the crankcase (58) through connecting rod (57), feature of the present invention is: set up steam injection valve (20) on cylinder head (1), the pipeline of this valve through being provided with control valve (36) leads to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler (61), and exhaust heat boiler and superheater place the gas exhaust piping (10) that communicates with exhaust valve (9) or relief opening (52).
2, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: steam injection valve (20) is a kind of one-way valve, this valve is in normally off by valve rod (21) under spring (22) effect, superheated vapor can enter cylinder (51) by steam injection valve (20).
3, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 2, it is characterized in that: by the driving mechanism of spring (27), top tube (28), cam (30) and corresponding part formation, in the scope of atdc in internal-combustion engine work done process to exhaust valve or the exhaust open, spring (22) is applied certain active force, make steam injection valve (20) reduced relatively by the closing function power of spring (22).
4, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: just controlled open-minded in the scope of the atdc of control valve (36) in internal-combustion engine work done process to exhaust valve or the exhaust open.
5, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: control valve (36) is a kind of rotary valve, and the valve body of this valve (37) is provided with the passage (38) that can link up two lateral lines, and the passage openings at two ends is on the same axial position of valve body.
6, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: control valve (36) is a kind of rotary valve, the valve body of this valve (41) is provided with the passage (42) that can link up two lateral lines, the passage openings at two ends is on the different axial positions on the valve body (41), and two openings stagger fully.
7, according to the steam-recycling internal combustion engine of claim 4, it is characterized in that: control valve (36) is a kind of slide-valve, the spool of this valve (45) is located between two pipelines that lead to steam injection valve (20) and superheater (62), opens or closes under the mechanism controls that cam (48), push rod (46) and spring (47) are formed.
8, according to claim 2 or 3,5,6 or 7 steam-recycling internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: only establish a steam injection valve (20) on cylinder head (1), this valve (23), control valve (36) and pipeline (63) by the road leads to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler.
9, according to claim 2 or 3,5,6 or 7 steam-recycling internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: two, the steam injection valve (20) more than four or six are set on cylinder head (1), each or every group of steam injection valve translateral pipeline of difference (23) lead to control valve (36) separately, and (63) lead to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler more by the road.
10, according to claim 2 or 3,5,6 or 7 steam-recycling internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: two or more steam injection valves (20) are set on cylinder head (1), these steam injection valves (25) by the road lead to a total control valve (36), and (63) lead to the superheater (62) of exhaust heat boiler more by the road.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93118736A CN1101964A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Steam return type IC engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93118736A CN1101964A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Steam return type IC engine |
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| CN1101964A true CN1101964A (en) | 1995-04-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN93118736A Pending CN1101964A (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1993-10-22 | Steam return type IC engine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101482056B (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2012-07-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Heat absorption and energy recovery type internal combustion engine |
| WO2015103998A1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | 曲日 | Piston-type water-fuel engine and working method therefor |
-
1993
- 1993-10-22 CN CN93118736A patent/CN1101964A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101482056B (en) * | 2009-02-05 | 2012-07-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Heat absorption and energy recovery type internal combustion engine |
| WO2015103998A1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | 曲日 | Piston-type water-fuel engine and working method therefor |
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