CN110196351B - Electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of electric initiator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of electric initiator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110196351B CN110196351B CN201910550752.8A CN201910550752A CN110196351B CN 110196351 B CN110196351 B CN 110196351B CN 201910550752 A CN201910550752 A CN 201910550752A CN 110196351 B CN110196351 B CN 110196351B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of an electric detonator, which comprises a pulse source, a first current-limiting power resistor, a second current-limiting power resistor and a switch, wherein the pulse source is connected with the first current-limiting power resistor; the pulse source comprises capacitors C1-C2 n, the capacitors C1-C2 n are divided into two groups, each group comprises n capacitors connected in parallel, the two groups of capacitors are connected in series, one end of the capacitor group after being connected in series is connected with a first current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the first current-limiting power resistor is used as a positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is used for being connected with the electric detonator to be measured; the anode of the first current-limiting power resistor is connected with the switch, the cathode of the switch is connected with a second current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the second current-limiting power resistor is used as the negative electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is connected with the tested electric detonator; the anode and the cathode of the switch keep a certain distance and are connected by triggering through the trigger electrode. The device can measure the ignition threshold of an electric detonator in a standard electromagnetic pulse (rising edge < ═ 20ns, pulse width 500 ns).
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of an electric detonator, belonging to the field of electromagnetic compatibility in space transporters in an aerospace system.
Background
The high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) has large electric field amplitude, wide action range and wide spectrum distribution, can be coupled into an electronic system or equipment through various ways, interferes the normal work of the system, and causes the performance degradation and even damage of the system or equipment, so that the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) draws increasingly wide attention in recent years.
At present, military standards of various countries, including GJB1579 general Specification for electric detonation subsystem, GJB2304 safety requirement and test method for electric detonation subsystem of aerospace craft system, require that the electric detonation subsystem should be designed so that the power generated by the electromagnetic environment acting on the electric detonation subsystem on each electric detonation device is at least 20dB lower than the maximum pin-pin direct current non-ignition power of the electric detonation device. At present, the insensitive electric initiator only has ignition threshold data under direct current, namely, the insensitive electric initiator generally bears 1A direct current at maximum. The peak current of the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse is very high and can reach 1000A according to MIL-STD-188-125, and the electromagnetic pulse is difficult to be attenuated to below 1A by the cable shielding. The approach to solve this problem is to measure the pulse ignition threshold of the electric detonator, and compare the electromagnetic pulse environment with the pulse ignition threshold of the electric detonator (instead of the dc ignition threshold). Because the shorter duration of the electromagnetic pulse is very short, the lower firing threshold of the electromagnetic pulse is several orders of magnitude higher than the dc firing threshold. However, although the dc firing threshold of the electrical detonator is very popular, since the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse rises quickly (< 20ns), the injection into the electrical detonator is not achieved by random wiring, and a slight carelessness (e.g., a long wire) may cause the rise time to exceed the value of 20ns specified by the standard. At present, no device for measuring the pulse ignition threshold of the electric detonator is available, and the ignition threshold of the electric detonator under the electromagnetic pulse can not be effectively measured.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: an apparatus for measuring a pulse firing threshold of an electrical detonator is provided. The device can measure the ignition threshold of the electric detonator under the standard electromagnetic pulse (the rising edge is 20ns, the pulse width is 500ns) and is used for solving the problem that the ignition threshold of the electric detonator cannot be measured under the electromagnetic pulse at present.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of an electric initiator comprises a pulse source, a first current-limiting power resistor, a second current-limiting power resistor and a switch;
the pulse source comprises capacitors C1-C2 n, the capacitors C1-C2 n are divided into two groups, each group comprises n capacitors connected in parallel, the two groups of capacitors are connected in series, one end of the capacitor group connected in series is connected with a first current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the first current-limiting power resistor is used as a positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is used for being connected with a positive electrode of the electric detonator to be measured;
the first current-limiting power resistor is connected with the anode of the switch, the cathode of the switch is connected with the second current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the second current-limiting power resistor is used as the negative electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is connected with the negative electrode of the tested electric detonator;
the anode and the cathode of the switch keep a certain distance and are connected by triggering through the trigger electrode.
The pulse source, the first current-limiting power resistor, the second current-limiting power resistor and the switch are soaked in the rapeseed oil.
The device for measuring the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity of the electric detonator also comprises a high-voltage pack used for charging a pulse source.
The rapeseed oil is treated by constant temperature heating at 110-120 ℃ for not less than 1 h.
The pulse source, the first current-limiting power resistor, the second current-limiting power resistor and the switch are placed in the oil cylinder, a copper lining plate is arranged at the bottom of the oil cylinder, a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device are led out from a side wall plate of the oil cylinder, the side wall plate is made of an insulating material, and the rest wall plates and the cover plate are made of metal materials.
And gaps among the oil cylinder wall plate, the cover plate, the bottom plate and parts in the oil cylinder in all directions are not less than 30 mm.
The capacitors C1-C2 n are capacitors with distributed inductance smaller than 25 nH.
The two groups of capacitors are arranged in two layers.
The tested electric initiator is placed in an explosion-proof box, the explosion-proof box is formed by bending and spirally connecting at least 5mm steel plates, and a plurality of exhaust holes are uniformly distributed in the box body of the explosion-proof box.
The trigger electrode is a brass head arranged on the polyethylene rod, the polyethylene rod is arranged on a moving part of the electromagnet, and the electromagnet is of a push type, and the trigger electrode is pushed out when the electromagnet is electrified, so that the trigger electrode is communicated with the cathode and the anode of the switch.
The first current-limiting power resistor and the second current-limiting power resistor are horizontally arranged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention solves the problem of injecting high-altitude electromagnetic pulse with short rise time into the electric detonator by a plurality of means of reducing distributed capacitance, low-inductance capacitance and noninductive resistance by connecting the capacitors in series and then in parallel, soaking the components in refined rapeseed oil, an oil cylinder bottom lining copper plate, reducing the distance between the explosion-proof box and the oil cylinder as far as possible and the like, and provides a measuring means for measuring the electromagnetic pulse ignition threshold of the electric detonator.
(2) The invention further increases the distributed capacitance by adopting the low-inductance capacitance, and realizes the pulse leading edge with shorter rising time.
(2) The invention reduces the inductance of the whole device and reduces the pulse rise time by adopting a plurality of means such as a noninductive resistor, an oil cylinder bottom lining copper plate and reducing the distance between the explosion-proof box and the oil cylinder as much as possible;
(3) the device compactly realizes high-voltage generation, energy storage, current limiting, switching and explosion prevention in a limited space through integrated design, and reduces the volume of the device;
(4) the two oil cylinder top covers are arranged, one oil cylinder top cover is sealed with the oil cylinder during storage, and rapeseed oil is prevented from deteriorating.
(5) The rapeseed oil is oil which is treated by heating at the constant temperature of 110-120 ℃ for more than 1h, and has higher dielectric constant than transformer oil;
(6) the explosion-proof box body is uniformly provided with the exhaust holes, so that metal fragments generated by explosion can be prevented from hurting people, and air pressure generated by explosion can be released.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of an electrical detonator electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of an electrical detonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an apparatus for measuring electromagnetic pulse sensitivity of an electrical detonator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment of an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device for an electrical detonator, which includes a pulse source, a first current-limiting power resistor, a second current-limiting power resistor, a switch, and the like. The electrical schematic diagram is shown in figure 1. The structural plan view and the side view are shown in the attached figures 2 and 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the pulse source includes capacitors C1-C12, the capacitors C1-C12 are divided into two groups, each group includes 6 capacitors 4 connected in parallel, the two groups of capacitors 4 are connected in series, one end of the series connected capacitor group is connected with a first current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the first current-limiting power resistor is used as a positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is connected with the electrical detonator to be measured; the anode of the first current-limiting power resistor is connected with the switch, the cathode of the switch is connected with a second current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the second current-limiting power resistor is used as the negative electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is connected with the tested electric detonator; the anode and the cathode of the switch keep a certain distance and are connected by triggering through the trigger electrode. And an RC charge-discharge circuit is formed by 12 capacitors and 2 current-limiting power resistors (a first current-limiting power resistor and a second current-limiting power resistor). The appropriate time constant is formed by selecting appropriate capacitance and resistance values so that a stable pulse of 500ns width can be generated. For example, the current-limiting power resistor is a 250W noninductive resistor, and the resistance R1 of the first current-limiting power resistor and the resistance R2 of the second current-limiting power resistor are 60 ohms and are much larger than the bridge resistor of the electrical detonator, so as to prevent high voltage breakdown. The capacitors C1-C12 are low-inductance capacitors, and the distributed inductance is less than 25 nH. The withstand voltage of the capacitor bank is not lower than 100KV, and 80KV is practically used, so that pulse current of 1000A at most is generated.
The pulse source is charged by an external power source, and therefore, the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of the electric detonator further comprises a high-voltage bag 19 for charging the pulse source. The output voltage of the high-voltage pack 19 is adjustable, and the highest high voltage is not lower than 80 KV.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pulse source, the first current-limiting power resistor 5, the second current-limiting power resistor 6, and the switch are immersed in the oil cylinder 1 with the rapeseed oil left, the bottom of the oil cylinder is lined with a copper plate and can be used as a negative electrode of an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device, and the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device are led out from a side wall plate of the oil cylinder, which is made of an insulating material, such as polyethylene; the rest wall plates and the cover plate are made of metal materials. The rapeseed oil is treated by heating at a constant temperature of 110 ℃ for 1 hour, and has a dielectric constant higher than that of transformer oil, and is usually between 4.2 and 4.5. And gaps among the oil cylinder wall plate, the cover plate, the bottom plate and parts in the oil cylinder are not less than 30mm in all directions. The copper lining plate at the lower part of the oil cylinder can form a negative electrode. Two sets of electric capacity divide into two-layerly, and every layer is 6, and the electric capacity passes through the double-screw bolt and installs on the hydro-cylinder, all installs through the electric capacity connection piece between each layer electric capacity, see first electric capacity connection piece 2 and second electric capacity connection piece 3 of fig. 2, first electric capacity connection piece 2 and second electric capacity connection piece 3 are the sheetmetal. Can be made of brass. The size of the capacitor has no strict requirement, and all capacitors can be connected.
The pulse leading edge of less than 20ns is realized by increasing the distributed capacitance by soaking each part in oil and the distributed inductance of each capacitor is less than 25 nH. In order to prevent the rapeseed oil from deteriorating, the top cover of the oil cylinder comprises 2 blocks which are made of plastics. Block 1 is an operative top cover 16 on which a trigger electrode can be mounted. The other 1 is a top cover used in storage and is sealed with the oil cylinder.
The high-voltage switch consists of an anode 7, a cathode 8, an anode support 9, a cathode support 10, a trigger electrode 14 and an electromagnet 17.
The anode and the cathode are made of brass and are metal mounting plates with hemispherical heads (the diameter is not less than 1cm, and the curvature radius cannot be less than 10mm), and openings in the metal mounting plates are slotted holes so that the gap between the two electrodes can be adjusted. An anode support and a cathode support. Is made of polyethylene. The height of the resistor keeps 2 current-limiting power resistors horizontal. The diameter is not critical and does not interfere with other parts.
The trigger electrode 14 is a brass hemispherical head mounted on a polyethylene rod, the polyethylene rod is mounted on a movable part of an electromagnet, the electromagnet is of a push type and is mounted on a top cover, and a mounting hole in the top cover is a long circular groove, so that the position of the trigger electrode can be adjusted. The electromagnet is of a push type and can be pushed out when being electrified. When the electromagnet is energized, the electromagnet operates to push the trigger electrode downward, so that spark discharge or contact discharge is generated between the anode and the cathode to form a discharge circuit. Pulses are caused to flow through the electrical detonator. The high-voltage switch is arranged between the two resistors.
The resistance specification is 250W and 30 omega. The first current-limiting power resistor and the second current-limiting power resistor are horizontally arranged. The belt mounting bracket is mounted through bolts. Wherein 1 is only arranged on the connecting sheet and the anode of the capacitor, and the other 1 is only arranged on the cathode and the anode of the device.
For safety, the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of the electric detonator also comprises a junction box and an explosion-proof box.
The adapter box 13 is made of polyformaldehyde engineering plastic. The upper cover can be opened.
The tested electric initiator 20 is placed in an explosion-proof box 15, the explosion-proof box 15 is formed by bending and screwing at least 5mm steel plates, and an upper cover can be opened. A plurality of exhaust holes of equipartition on the explosion-proof box body, the metal piece that prevents the explosion production on the one hand hurts the people, and on the other hand can discharge the atmospheric pressure that the explosion produced. In this example, the number of the exhaust holes was 50, and the diameter of the exhaust hole was 3 mm. One side of the explosion-proof box, which is close to the junction box, is provided with a plurality of round holes, and the round holes are matched with the diameter of the electric initiator, such as M18, so that the nut for the electric initiator is arranged in the explosion-proof box.
The junction box 13 is a polyformaldehyde plastic box, has high strength, and the upper cover can be opened. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the device led out from the oil cylinder are arranged in the oil cylinder. Two 1mm2 insulated flexible leads 18 are installed on the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 of the device, and the other end is installed with a phi 1 hole-shaped contact piece for being respectively inserted on 2 pins of the electrode of the electric detonator. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are brass blocks. Threaded holes (e.g., M6 threads) are provided therein to facilitate wiring. The size of the metal block is not strictly required, and a larger or smaller metal block can be flexibly selected according to the use condition.
The use method of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of the electric detonator provided by the invention is as follows
(s1) rapeseed oil is injected into the oil cylinder.
(s2) measuring and recording the bridge belt resistance before the electric detonator test;
(s3) mounting the electric detonator to be tested 20 in the explosion-proof box 15, connecting the electrode to the electric detonator (to-be-tested) using the lead wire 18;
(s4) the high voltage package 19 is opened to charge the pulse source. Setting the high voltage pack 19 output to a predetermined voltage (predetermined current 60 Ohm);
(s5) energizing the electromagnet to trigger the high voltage switch to discharge the electric detonator; the electrical detonator may or may not be detonated;
(s6) measuring the post-test electrical initiator bridge strip resistance;
(s7) repeating (s2) - (s6) and measuring the plurality of samples using the ascent and descent method. If the power generation exploder fires, reducing the current according to a preset step length; if the power generation detonator is not fired, the current is increased by a predetermined step. The magnitude of the current applied to each power generation exploder is determined according to the ignition condition of the front power generation exploder according to the method. For each type of electric detonator, the number of the ignited electric detonators and the number of the unfired electric detonators are respectively half as much as possible.
(8) And (3) calculating according to a lifting method formula specified in GJB/Z377A-1994 (mathematical statistical method for sensitivity test), and obtaining the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity of the electric detonator, namely the threshold current of the electric detonator detonated by the electromagnetic pulse.
Technical effects
The invention provides an electromagnetic pulse sensitivity device for measuring an electric initiator. The electromagnetic pulse sensitivity (namely the ignition threshold current of the electric detonator) of the electric detonator under the standard electromagnetic pulse (the rising edge is less than 20ns, and the pulse width is 500ns) can be measured, so that the problem that the characteristic of the electric detonator can not be measured under the electromagnetic pulse in the past is solved.
Parts of the specification which are not described in detail are within the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (11)
1. An electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of an electric initiator is characterized by comprising a pulse source, a first current-limiting power resistor, a second current-limiting power resistor and a switch;
the pulse source comprises capacitors C1-C2 n, the capacitors C1-C2 n are divided into two groups, each group comprises n capacitors connected in parallel, the two groups of capacitors are connected in series, one end of the serially connected capacitor group is connected with a first current-limiting power resistor, the other end of the first current-limiting power resistor is connected with the anode of a switch, the cathode of the switch is connected with a second current-limiting power resistor, and the other end of the second current-limiting power resistor is used as the negative electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device and is connected with the negative electrode of the electric detonator to be measured; the other end of the capacitor bank after being connected in series is connected with the positive electrode of the tested electric detonator;
the anode and the cathode of the switch keep a certain distance and are connected by triggering through the trigger electrode.
2. The electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of claim 1, wherein the pulse source, the first current limiting power resistor, the second current limiting power resistor, and the switch are immersed in the rapeseed oil.
3. An electrical detonator electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a high voltage package for charging the pulse source.
4. The electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of the electric detonator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rapeseed oil is processed by constant temperature heating at 110-120 ℃ for not less than 1 h.
5. The electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device of the electric detonator according to claim 1, wherein the pulse source, the first current limiting power resistor, the second current limiting power resistor and the switch are arranged in the oil cylinder, the bottom of the oil cylinder is lined with a copper plate, the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device are led out from a side wall plate of the oil cylinder, the side wall plate is made of an insulating material, and the rest wall plate and the cover plate are made of metal materials.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the gap between the wall plate of the cylinder, the cover plate, the copper plate of the bottom liner of the cylinder and the internal part of the cylinder is not less than 30mm in all directions.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the capacitors C1-C2 n are capacitors having a distributed inductance of less than 25 nH.
8. An electric detonator electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said two sets of capacitors are disposed in two layers.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical detonator to be tested is placed in an explosion-proof box, the explosion-proof box is formed by bending at least 5mm steel plates and screwing, and a plurality of vent holes are uniformly distributed on the box body of the explosion-proof box.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the trigger electrode is a brass head mounted on a polyethylene rod mounted on a moving part of the electromagnet, and the electromagnet is of a push-out type, and the trigger electrode is pushed out when power is applied, so that the trigger electrode is communicated with the cathode and the anode of the switch.
11. An electric detonator electromagnetic pulse sensitivity measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first current limiting power resistor and said second current limiting power resistor are disposed horizontally.
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