CN110194710A - One kind 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

One kind 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110194710A
CN110194710A CN201910532851.3A CN201910532851A CN110194710A CN 110194710 A CN110194710 A CN 110194710A CN 201910532851 A CN201910532851 A CN 201910532851A CN 110194710 A CN110194710 A CN 110194710A
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diamino
azoxy
spherical shell
shell structure
preparation
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高寒
姚笑璐
黄明
蔡贾林
索志荣
黄荣
黄薇
罗观
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Institute of Chemical Material of CAEP
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind 3,3'- diamino -4,4'- azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives and preparation method thereof, the following steps are included: 3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan explosives are dissolved in organic solvent by 3, stirring is completely dissolved, and obtains the first solution.A certain amount of surfactant is added in the ice water of certain volume, maintains water temperature constant;First solution is slowly dropped in ice water, crystal is gradually precipitated, and continues to stir after the first solution is added dropwise, and is filtered under diminished pressure, rinses, vacuum freeze drying obtains 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structures.The surface obtained using preparation method of the invention is by the tightly packed textured of small chip, and inside is hollow, and interior surface is smooth.Present invention process process is simple, and experiment condition is mild, and safety is good.

Description

One kind 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosive and its system Preparation Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to energetic material fields, and in particular to a kind of 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shells Structure explosive and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Slapper detonator is the ignition tool of a kind of high-performance, high safety.Currently, with extensive micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology Development, Slapper detonator start towards insensitiveness, miniaturization research direction develop.But the two aspects are often mutually made About: if detonation threshold value must be improved using insensitiveness Charge it is necessary to increase the initiation energy of Slapper detonator.However, mentioning There are many restrictions of factor again for high initiation energy, such as require to increase the capacitance and device volume, reduction inductance of detonator.
DAAF be a kind of standard enthalpy of formation be 442.6kJ/mol, crystalline density 1.747g/cm3, thermal decomposition temperature is 259 DEG C of insensitiveness high energy energetic material, has very big application value in insensitiveness explosive wastewater application field.1981 Solodyuk describes DAAF in document for the first time.The heat resistance of DAAF is similar to hexanitro-stilbene (HNS), drop hammer impact sensitivity with Photoacoustic spectroscopy (TATB) is a kind of good insensitive high energy explosive of comprehensive explosion property substantially quite.But electrostatic is fiery Flower sensitivity (0.0625J), explosion velocity (8.0km/s), detonation pressure (30GPa) and cut off diameter (1.25mm) originate medicine PETN with common Quite, therefore, DAAF is that pole has the insensitiveness of application prospect to originate medicine.However, the DAAF particle morphology of synthesis early period is irregular, rib Angle is obvious, and the DAAF explosive after recrystallization refinement, which is also reunited, is easy inactivation.Controlling experiment condition uses induction recrystallization method from group It is a kind of novel explosive crystal method of modifying that dress, which prepares insensitive high energy explosive multilevel structure,.This is to research desensitized explosive crystallization control Technology processed is of great significance.
Bin Huang etc. (Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010,184,561-566.) uses surface The solvent-thermal method of activating agent P123 auxiliary is successfully prepared 2,6- diamino -3,5- dinitro by the intermolecular force of design Base pyrazine (ANPZ) three-dimensional fractal micrometer structure.The results show: use urea that traditional ammonium hydroxide is replaced to exist as aminating agent Key effect is played in this programme.By regulating and controlling the alcoholysis rate of urea, the nucleation of ANPZ crystal and growth can be adjusted well Section.The assembling process of fractal structure mainly experienced nucleation and growth-aggregation-further growth totally three processes, this process class It is similar to the assembling of inorganic fractal structure.Bin Huang etc. (Crystal Growth&Design, 2012,12,3418-3425.) Using atomizing freeze drying technology, using micron FOX-7 as raw material, it is prepared for the FOX-7 tri- assembled by one-dimensional nano line Grid nanostructure is tieed up, the concentration of simple regulation raw material can be the ability to easily control the size of above-mentioned nanostructure.FOX-7 nanostructure Hot property show small size rely on effect.Under identical cooling rate, the possible formation of FOX-7 network is explained Process.Zhuan little Bo etc. (energetic material, 2016,24,433-438) has studied solvent, nanoscale LLM-105 additional amount, stirring speed The influence of rate and self assembly time to LLM-105 crystal morphology after self assembly, is prepared by optimum condition with nanoscale LLM- 105 be the rectangle LLM-105 micron bar of the self assembly of raw material, and compared to nanometer LLM-105, thermal stability is improved.
From the point of view of existing open source information, only have the high-energy insensitives such as some couples of ANPZ, FOX-7, LLM-105 both at home and abroad at present The cerium sulphate crystal of explosive and self assembly research, but the preparation of the Study on Crystallization and self assembly multilevel structure to DAAF does not appear in the newspapers Road.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above technical defects, the present invention provides a kind of 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans are more The preparation method of grade geode, this method are slowly volatilized using the solvent in explosive saturated solution, are delayed under the induction of solvent molecule Slow crystallization is self-assembly of 3,3 '-diamino -4, and 4 '-azoxy furazan multistage geodes, present invention process process is simple, is made Microsphere particle do not need further work-up, experiment condition is mild, and safety is good.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of 3,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, comprising the following steps: (1) a certain amount of 3 are weighed, 3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans are added in organic solvent, and stirring, ultrasound keep it completely molten Solution, obtains the first solution;(2) first solution is slowly dropped to the ice water containing surfactant with certain speed In, after the first solution is added dropwise, filters, washs, being dried to obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell knots Structure explosive.
Further technical solution is described 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans and the organic solvent Mass volume ratio is 0.15g:(10~30) ml.
Further, described 3,3 '-diamino -4, the quality volume of 4 '-azoxy furazans and the organic solvent Than for 0.15g:10ml.
Further technical solution is that the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.Dimethyl sulfoxide is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 ' - Azoxy furazan good solvent, polarity is larger and rate of volatilization is extremely slow, is conducive to the assembled formation of crystal.
Further technical solution is that the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.Made in self assembling process Polyvinylpyrrolidone, the structure contain hydrophilic group and hydrophobic group simultaneously, and polyvinylpyrrolidone is soluble in water, using Appropriate stirring, polyvinylpyrrolidone will form spherical micelle, and micellar surface is hydrophilic group, when explosive solvent enters in water, The amino of 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans can form hydrogen bond with the hydrophilic group of micellar surface, later 3,3 '-diamino Base -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal starts to assemble around micella and coats micella.This is that one kind is limited in polyvinyl pyrrole The self assembly behavior in alkanone micella region.
Further technical solution is that the concentration of the surfactant is 0.1~0.5%.
Further, the concentration of the surfactant is 0.1%.
Further technical solution is that the volume ratio of the organic solvent and ice water is 1:10~1:30.
Further, the volume ratio of the organic solvent and ice water is 1:10.
Further technical solution is that the rate of addition of the first solution is 1~5mL/min in the step (2).
Further, the rate of addition of the first solution is 2mL/min in the step (2).
Further technical solution is that washing is to be rinsed using ultrapure water or dehydrated alcohol in the step (2).
Further technical solution is that mixing speed is 200~300rpm in the step (1).The pattern of crystal determines In mixing speed.If mixing speed is too low, the polyvinylpyrrolidone micella pattern disunity of formation eventually leads to crystal Particle shape looks are irregular;If mixing speed is excessively high, water flow forms whirlpool in stirring, can make to will form cavity among micella, most Lead to occur cavity among spherical shell eventually, so that crystal defect is more.So 200~300rpm of mixing speed that selection is moderate, shape At 3,3 '-diamino -4 of spherical shell shape, 4 '-azoxy furazan surfaces are smooth, and plane defect is less, and consolidation between crystal grain.
Further, mixing speed is 280rpm in the step (1).
The present invention also provides the 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 ' prepared by above-mentioned preparation method-azoxy furazan spherical shell knots Structure explosive, spherical shell structure explosive surface is by the tightly packed textured of small chip, and inside is hollow, and interior surface is smooth.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention first is that: product particle pattern is spherical shell shape, and the surface of ball is micro- Ball particle is all by the tightly packed textured of small chip, and inside is hollow, and interior surface is smooth, and product has typical micron- Nanometer hierarchical structure is conducive to the research of high-energy insensitive explosive DAAF crystallization behavior and widening for application field.And this hair Bright process flow is simple, and manufactured spherical shell structure does not need further work-up, and experiment condition is mild, and safety is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that 3,3 '-diamino-the 4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure obtained according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 scans Electron microscope;
Fig. 2 is to be swept according to 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure section of the embodiment of the present invention 1 Retouch electron microscope;
Fig. 3 is 3,3 '-diamino-the 4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph obtained according to the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 4 is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph according to the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 5 is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph according to the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Fig. 6 is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph according to the embodiment of the present invention 5;
Fig. 7 is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph according to the embodiment of the present invention 6;
Fig. 8 is 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph according to the embodiment of the present invention 7.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1g) is added in 100mL volume In ice water, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dripped with 2mL/min speed It is added in ice water, mixing speed 280rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furans We is gradually precipitated, and decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.Very Sky is 3-4 hours dry, obtains 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure crystal.
Embodiment 2
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;The ice water of the 100mL volume without surfactant is added In, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dropped to 2mL/min speed In ice water, mixing speed 280rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans by It is gradually precipitated, decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.Vacuum is dry It is 3-4 hours dry, obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Fig. 3 shows 2 products therefrom crystal morphology of example Irregularly, size distribution is uneven, cannot obtain target crystal.
Embodiment 3
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Triton x-100 (1g) is added in the ice water of 100mL volume In, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dropped to 2mL/min speed In ice water, mixing speed 280rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans by It is gradually precipitated, decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.Vacuum is dry It is 3-4 hours dry, obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Attached drawing 4 shows that 3 products therefrom of example is most of For sheet cube, broken grain is more and reunion is more serious, cannot obtain target crystal.
Embodiment 4
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Cyclodextrin (1g) is added in the ice water of 100mL volume, and Maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dropped to ice water with 2mL/min speed In, mixing speed 280rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans are gradually analysed Out, decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.It is dried in vacuo 3-4 Hour, obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Attached drawing 5 shows that 4 products therefrom pattern of example does not have substantially It changes, and there are agglomerations, cannot obtain target crystal.
Embodiment 5
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1g) is added in 100mL volume In ice water, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dripped with 2mL/min speed It is added in ice water, does not stir, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans are gradually precipitated, Decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.It is small to be dried in vacuo 3-4 When, obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Attached drawing 6 shows that 5 products therefrom pattern of example is irregular, piece It is in unordered flower ball-shaped that shape crystal grain, which is reunited, does not see package assembly, cannot obtain target crystal.
Embodiment 6
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1g) is added in 100mL volume In ice water, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dripped with 2mL/min speed It is added in ice water, mixing speed 150rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furans We is gradually precipitated, and decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.Very Sky is 3-4 hours dry, obtains 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Attached drawing 7 shows that 6 products therefrom of example is big Part flat crystal particle aggregation self assembly has spheroidization effect, but defect is more and there are broken grains, cannot obtain target crystalline substance Body.
Embodiment 7
At room temperature, 3,3 '-diamino -4 are weighed, 4 '-azoxy furazan 0.15g measure dimethyl sulfoxide 10mL, stir it Beaker is put into supersonic oscillations instrument afterwards and is vibrated to being completely dissolved;Polyvinylpyrrolidone (1g) is added in 100mL volume In ice water, and maintaining water temperature is 8 DEG C;3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan solution is slowly dripped with 2mL/min speed It is added in ice water, mixing speed 450rpm, after explosive solution is added dropwise, 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furans We is gradually precipitated, and decompression filters, and is rinsed using ultrapure water and dehydrated alcohol, washes off residual solvent in explosive with this.Very Sky is 3-4 hours dry, obtains 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan crystal.Attached drawing 8 shows 7 products therefrom of example Grain is in self assembly spheric granules, and granularity reduces, but cavity is generated among crystal, and surface defect starts to increase, and cannot obtain mesh Mark crystal.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for multiple explanatory embodiments of the invention, however, it is to be understood that Those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other modification and implementations, these modifications and implementations will fall in this Shen It please be within disclosed scope and spirit.It more specifically, within the scope of the present disclosure and claims, can be to master The building block and/or layout for inscribing composite configuration carry out a variety of variations and modifications.In addition to what is carried out to building block and/or layout Outside variations and modifications, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also be will be apparent.

Claims (10)

1. 3,3 '-diamino -4 of one kind, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, which is characterized in that including Following steps: (1) weighing a certain amount of 3, and 3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans are added in organic solvent, stirring, ultrasound It makes it completely dissolved, obtains the first solution;(2) first solution is slowly dropped to certain speed containing surface-active In the ice water of agent, after the first solution is added dropwise, filters, washs, being dried to obtain 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furans Our spherical shell structure explosive.
2. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, described 3, the mass volume ratio of 3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazans and the organic solvent is 0.15g:(10~30) ml.
3. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.
4. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
5. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, the concentration of the surfactant is 0.1~0.5%.
6. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, the volume ratio of the organic solvent and ice water is 1:10~1:30.
7. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, the rate of addition of the first solution is 1~5mL/min in the step (2).
8. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, washing is to be rinsed using ultrapure water or dehydrated alcohol in the step (2).
9. according to claim 13,3 '-diamino -4, the preparation method of 4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosives, It is characterized in that, mixing speed is 200~300rpm in the step (1).
10. the 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 ' that preparation method according to claims 1 to 9 is prepared-azoxy furazan Spherical shell structure explosive, which is characterized in that by the tightly packed textured of small chip, inside is sky on spherical shell structure explosive surface The heart, and interior surface is smooth.
CN201910532851.3A 2019-06-19 2019-06-19 One kind 3,3 '-diamino -4,4 '-azoxy furazan spherical shell structure explosive and preparation method thereof Pending CN110194710A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6358339B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-03-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Use of 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan and 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azofurazan as insensitive high explosive materials
CN108976176A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-11 西南科技大学 3,3 '-diamino -4, the thinning method of 4 '-azoxy furazan explosive crystals
CN109232460A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-18 西南科技大学 The feather weight preparation method of 3,3 '--4,4 '-azoxy furazans of diamino

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6358339B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-03-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Use of 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azoxyfurazan and 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-azofurazan as insensitive high explosive materials
CN108976176A (en) * 2018-09-12 2018-12-11 西南科技大学 3,3 '-diamino -4, the thinning method of 4 '-azoxy furazan explosive crystals
CN109232460A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-01-18 西南科技大学 The feather weight preparation method of 3,3 '--4,4 '-azoxy furazans of diamino

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Title
姚笑璐等: "球壳形3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱的限域自组装及热行为研究", 《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》 *

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Application publication date: 20190903