CN110189839B - Conversion device for converting pressurized water reactor cold section break into hot section break and pressurized water reactor - Google Patents
Conversion device for converting pressurized water reactor cold section break into hot section break and pressurized water reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110189839B CN110189839B CN201910438468.1A CN201910438468A CN110189839B CN 110189839 B CN110189839 B CN 110189839B CN 201910438468 A CN201910438468 A CN 201910438468A CN 110189839 B CN110189839 B CN 110189839B
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Abstract
The invention provides a conversion device for converting a pressurized water reactor cold section break into a hot section break, which is arranged on a hanging basket (2) in a pressurized water reactor pressure vessel (1) and comprises a spherical opening cover (3), an annular fit ring (31) and a fastening spring (32); a hole (20) is formed in the hanging basket (2), and an annular groove (21) and a spring groove (22) are formed in the outer edge of the hole; an annular engaging ring (31) on the spherical hole cover (3) is matched with an annular groove (21) on the hanging basket (2), and a fastening spring (32) is matched with a spring groove (22); when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the spherical opening cover (3) is fixedly attached to the outer side of the hanging basket (2); when a pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, reverse pressure difference is generated on two sides of the spherical opening cover (3), so that the spherical opening cover (3) is separated from the opening (20) of the hanging basket (2), and the coolant flows into the descending annular cavity from the upper cavity and is converted into a hot section break. The invention also provides a pressurized water reactor using the device. By implementing the invention, the capacity requirement of the safety injection system can be reduced, the safety protection system of the reactor is simplified, and the safety reliability of the nuclear power plant is improved while the economy of the nuclear power plant is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power, in particular to the field of design of system equipment of a nuclear power plant.
Background
In the existing pressurized water reactor, a safety injection system is required to be arranged to treat possible breach accidents; wherein a pipe break of the reactor coolant system or any pipe break connected to the reactor coolant system within the first isolation valve is defined as a loss of coolant accident (LOCA), also known as a breach accident.
Based on the size of the lacerations, the lacerations can be generally classified into the following categories:
first, minimal laceration: a break with an equivalent diameter of 9.5mm or less. Such a breach is an RCCP class II condition, and coolant lost through the breach can be compensated by the RCV system;
second, small lacerations: a break with an equivalent diameter of 9.5 mm-25 mm;
third, medium break: a break with an equivalent diameter of 2.5-25 cm;
fourth, large break: a break with an equivalent diameter of more than 34.5 cm.
The equivalent diameter is less than or equal to 9.5mm, the coolant discharge flow caused by the equivalent diameter can be supplemented by an upper charge pump, and the operating water level is maintained in the pressure stabilizer, so that an operator is allowed to implement normal shutdown. After the emergency shutdown of the reactor, the power plant finally returns to a stable working condition, and then the power plant can be further cooled down by following a normal shutdown procedure, and accidents of the type have no serious consequences on the reactor or other main auxiliary systems. When a break (namely three large, medium and small breaks) with the equivalent diameter larger than 9.5mm occurs, the coolant lost by the reactor cannot be supplemented through the charging pump, a safety injection system is required to supplement water to the reactor, and otherwise the reactor core is exposed to the risks of exposure, damage to fuel assemblies and even melting.
The break can be generally divided into a cold pipe section break and a hot pipe section break according to the difference of the break positions. Because the injection water is generally injected from the cold pipe section and has the water sealing effect of the U-shaped section, when the cold pipe section is broken, most of the injection water can directly run off from the broken opening and can not enter the reactor core to take away decay heat, and the fuel cladding can be exposed to the risk of overheating rupture; when a hot section break occurs, all the injection water firstly passes through the reactor core and can be lost from the break after absorbing decay heat. Therefore, the danger to the reactor core is larger when the cold section break occurs, and the demand for the installation water is also larger.
Therefore, the large-break water loss accident of the cold section is the worst, and the demand for safety injection flow is the largest. The worse the breach accident is, the larger the capacity requirement of the safety protection system is, and the higher the manufacturing cost is.
Generally, a safety injection system consists of three subsystems, high pressure safety injection, medium pressure safety injection and low pressure safety injection. They are put into operation at different pressures according to the depressurization of the reactor coolant caused by an accident. The high-pressure safety injection system can be started when the pressure of a primary circuit is reduced to about 12 MPa; the medium-pressure safety injection system consists of a safety injection box, and the starting pressure is about 4 MPa; the low-pressure safety injection system is generally started after the pressure of a primary circuit is reduced to 1 MPa. The starting pressure of different stack type safety injection systems can have certain difference.
The safety injection system mainly has the following functions:
one is as follows: when the coolant is contracted due to the reduction of the average temperature of the primary loop caused by the loss of water due to small break of the primary loop or the breakage of the steam pipeline of the secondary loop, the safety injection system is used for supplementing water to the primary loop so as to reestablish the water level of the pressure stabilizer;
the second step is as follows: when a primary circuit large-break water loss accident occurs, the safety injection system injects water into the reactor core to submerge and cool the reactor core again and limit the temperature rise of the fuel rods;
and thirdly: when the steam pipeline of the second loop is broken, injecting a high-concentration boric acid solution into the first loop to compensate the positive and negative reactions caused by continuous supercooling of the coolant of the first loop and prevent the reactor core from being re-critical;
fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: during refueling and shutdown, the low-pressure safety injection pump can be used for filling the reactor water tank with water;
and fifthly: in the recirculation injection phase, the low pressure safety injection pump absorbs water from the containment sump, cooling the core.
In the existing pressurized water reactor, in order to deal with the break accident of the primary loop (i.e. the cold pipe section), a large-capacity safety injection system (or redundant arrangement) needs to be arranged, which undoubtedly increases the cost and maintenance complexity of the reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The conversion device for converting the pressurized water reactor cold section break into the hot section break and the pressurized water reactor provided by the invention have the characteristics that the cold section break of a pressurized water reactor cooling system can be safely and effectively converted into the hot section break, and the safety reliability and the economical efficiency of the reactor can be improved.
The invention provides a conversion device for converting a pressurized water reactor cold section break into a hot section break, which is arranged on a hanging basket in a pressurized water reactor pressure vessel, wherein an upper chamber is formed inside the hanging basket, a descending annular chamber is formed between the outer side of the hanging basket and the pressure vessel, the upper chamber is communicated with a hot section, and the descending annular chamber is communicated with a cold section; wherein:
the conversion device comprises a spherical opening cover and a connecting handle extending out from the edge of the spherical opening cover, and an annular fit ring and a fastening spring are arranged on the inner side of the spherical opening cover;
the hanging basket is provided with a hole for communicating the upper chamber with the descending annular cavity, and an annular groove and a spring groove are arranged in the area of the outer wall of the hanging basket, which is positioned on the outer edge of the hole;
the connecting handle is pivoted with a fixing bolt fixedly arranged on the hanging basket, an annular engaging ring on the spherical opening cover is matched with an annular groove on the hanging basket, and the engaging spring is matched with the spring groove;
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket; when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, the pressure of the upper chamber is greater than that of the descending annular chamber, reverse pressure difference is generated, the spherical opening cover is separated from the opening of the hanging basket, and therefore coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
Preferably, one surface of the spherical opening cover facing the inner wall of the pressure container is a spherical surface, the other surface of the spherical opening cover is a cambered surface matched with the outer wall surface of the hanging basket, and the whole spherical opening cover is of a structure with thin edges and thick center; the annular fit ring and the fastening spring are arranged on the arc surface in a protruding mode, and an annular inclined plane is formed at the end portion, facing the annular groove, of the annular fit ring.
Preferably, the fastening spring is a hollow diamond structure or a hollow circular ring structure; the width of the buckling spring is slightly larger than that of the spring groove, and the buckling spring is in interference fit with the spring groove.
Preferably, one end of the fixing bolt is a fixing column which is fixed with the hanging basket, two parallel connecting sheets extend from the other end of the fixing bolt, and first pivot holes are formed in the two connecting sheets; the connecting handle is provided with a second pivot hole;
the connecting handle is accommodated between the two connecting sheets and penetrates through the first pivoting hole and the second pivoting hole through a rotating shaft, so that the connecting handle and the fixing bolt form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle moves between 0-180 degrees in the direction vertical to the wall surface of the hanging basket.
Preferably, the fixing bolt is arranged on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket, the height of the fixing bolt is near the center line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring is arranged near the bottom of the spherical hole cover; the spherical hole cover, the annular fit ring and the fastening spring are all made of iron alloy materials.
Correspondingly, in another aspect of the present invention, a pressurized water reactor is further provided, which includes at least a pressure vessel, a basket is disposed in the pressure vessel, a core and an upper cavity are formed in the basket, a descending ring cavity is formed between the outside of the basket and the pressure vessel, the upper cavity is communicated with a hot segment, and the descending ring cavity is communicated with a cold segment; be provided with at least one conversion equipment who converts pressurized water reactor cold section break into hot section break on the hanging flower basket, wherein:
the conversion device comprises a spherical opening cover and a connecting handle extending out from the edge of the spherical opening cover, and an annular fit ring and a fastening spring are arranged on the inner side of the spherical opening cover;
the hanging basket is provided with a hole for communicating the upper chamber with the descending annular cavity, and an annular groove and a spring groove are arranged in the area of the outer wall of the hanging basket, which is positioned on the outer edge of the hole;
the connecting handle is pivoted with a fixing bolt fixedly arranged on the hanging basket, an annular engaging ring on the spherical opening cover is matched with an annular groove on the hanging basket, and the engaging spring is matched with the spring groove;
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket; when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, the pressure of the upper chamber is greater than that of the descending annular chamber, reverse pressure difference is generated, the spherical opening cover is separated from the opening of the hanging basket, and therefore coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
Preferably, one surface of the spherical opening cover facing the inner wall of the pressure container is a spherical surface, the other surface of the spherical opening cover is an arc surface matched with the outer wall surface of the hanging basket, and the whole spherical opening cover is of a structure with thin edges and thick center; the annular engaging ring and the fastening spring are arranged on the arc surface in a protruding mode, and an annular inclined plane is formed at the end portion, facing the annular groove, of the annular engaging ring.
Preferably, the fastening spring is a hollow diamond structure or a hollow circular ring structure; the width of the buckling spring is slightly larger than that of the spring groove, and the buckling spring is in interference fit with the spring groove.
Preferably, one end of the fixing bolt is a fixing column which is fixed with the hanging basket, and the other end of the fixing bolt extends out of two parallel connecting sheets which are provided with first pivot holes; a second pivot hole is formed in the connecting handle;
the connecting handle is accommodated between the two connecting sheets and penetrates through the first pivoting hole and the second pivoting hole through a rotating shaft, so that the connecting handle and the fixing bolt form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle moves between 0-180 degrees in the direction vertical to the wall surface of the hanging basket.
Preferably, the fixing bolt is arranged on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket, the height of the fixing bolt is near the central line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring is arranged near the bottom of the spherical hole cover;
the spherical hole cover, the annular fit ring and the fastening spring are all made of iron alloy materials.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the conversion device for converting the pressurized water reactor cold section break into the hot section break is matched with an annular groove and a spring groove which are arranged around an opening on a hanging basket through an annular fit ring and a lock spring on a spherical opening cover; under the normal operating condition of the pressurized water reactor, under the action of forward pressure difference and vertical downward self gravity, the spherical hole cover is attached to and tightly pressed on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket; when a cold section break occurs in a loop and the size of the break is large enough, the pressure on the side of the descending ring cavity is lower than that on the side of the upper cavity, reverse pressure difference is generated on the inner side and the outer side of the spherical opening cover, the spherical opening cover is jacked open, bypass of the upper cavity of the pressure container is realized, and the coolant on the inner side of the hanging basket can flow to the descending ring cavity on the outer side through the opening, so that the conversion from the cold section break to the hot section break can be realized, the safety injection capacity requirement can be reduced, the safety injection system configuration is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the safety is improved;
the device provided by the invention belongs to passive equipment, and does not depend on the supply of active energy; the maximum threat of the existing pressurized water reactor, namely large cold section break can be reduced, the redundant arrangement of a safety injection system can be reduced to a great extent, the safety injection capacity requirement is reduced, the safety protection system of the reactor can be simplified, and the economical efficiency and the safety reliability of the reactor are improved at the same time;
the device provided by the invention can be applied to the existing large-scale reactor, and also can be applied to the small-scale reactor which is widely researched in the world at present, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conversion device for converting a cold leg of a pressurized water reactor into a hot leg of the pressurized water reactor in a closed state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conversion device for converting a pressurized water reactor cold section break into a hot section break, which is provided by the invention, in an open state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the spherical hatch of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of the securing latch of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provided by the invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed state of a conversion device for converting a cold leg of a pressurized water reactor into a hot leg of the pressurized water reactor according to the present invention; the open state diagram in fig. 2 is combined with the component diagrams shown in fig. 3 and 4. In the embodiment, the conversion device for converting the pressurized water reactor cold section break into the hot section break is arranged on a hanging basket 2 in a pressurized water reactor pressure vessel 1, a reactor core and an upper cavity are formed in the hanging basket 2, and the upper cavity is communicated with the hot section of a pressurized water reactor cooling system; a descending annular cavity is formed between the outer side of the hanging basket 2 and the pressure vessel 1, the descending annular cavity is positioned at the upstream of a pressurized water reactor core, and the descending annular cavity is communicated with a cold section of a pressurized water reactor cooling system; wherein:
the conversion device comprises a spherical opening cover 3 and a connecting handle 30 extending out from the edge of the spherical opening cover 3, wherein an annular attaching ring 31 and a fastening spring 32 are arranged on the inner side of the spherical opening cover 3, and a second pivot hole 300 is arranged on the connecting handle 30;
a hole 20 communicating the upper chamber and the descending annular chamber is formed in the hanging basket 2, and an annular groove 21 and a spring groove 22 are formed in the area, located on the outer edge of the hole, of the outer wall of the hanging basket; it is understood that in some examples, the opening 20 may be a round or square hole;
the connecting handle 30 is pivoted with a fixing bolt 4 fixedly arranged on the hanging basket 2, an annular engaging ring 31 on the spherical hatch 3 is matched with an annular groove 21 on the hanging basket 2, and the fastening spring 32 is matched with the spring groove 22;
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover 3 is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket 2; when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, the pressure of the upper chamber is greater than that of the descending annular chamber, and a reverse pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover 3 is separated from the opening 20 of the hanging basket 2, and the coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
It will be appreciated that the focus of the present invention is on a conversion apparatus which may be used in a variety of existing pressurized water reactors in which the pressure vessel, the gondola, the cold leg structure, and the hot leg structure are readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the conventional structural features of these apparatuses will not be described in detail below, but will be readily understood and readily available to those skilled in the art from the foregoing background or from the prior art.
As shown in fig. 3, one surface of the spherical aperture cover 3 facing the inner wall of the pressure vessel 1 is a spherical surface 33, and the other surface is an arc surface 34 adapted to the outer wall surface of the basket 2, and the whole body is of a structure with thin edges and thick center; the annular engaging ring 31 and the fastening spring 32 are convexly arranged on the arc surface, and an annular inclined surface 310 is formed at the end of the annular engaging ring 31 facing the annular groove 21. It can be understood that the spherical hatch 3 is integrally in a shape with thin edges and thick center, and is in a streamline structure, so that the fluid scouring force can be reduced; the cambered surface 34 on the spherical hatch 3 can increase the sealing degree during closing and prevent the spherical hatch 3 from moving laterally under the scouring of outside fluid; the annular inclined surface 310 arranged on the annular engaging ring 31 can ensure that the spherical hatch 3 is more easily engaged with the annular groove 21 in the closing process;
specifically, the fastening spring 32 has a hollow diamond structure; the width of the fastening spring 32 is slightly larger than that of the spring groove 22, and the fastening spring is in interference fit with the spring groove 22; it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the clasp spring 32 may take other shapes, such as a circular ring.
As shown in fig. 4, one end of the fixing bolt 4 is a fixing column 40, which is fixed with the basket 2 (for example, the fixing column can be fixed by welding), and the other end extends to form two parallel connecting pieces 41, and the two connecting pieces 41 are provided with first pivot holes 42; it is to be understood that the configuration of fig. 4 is merely an example.
Specifically, the connecting handle 30 and the fixing bolt 4 are connected and fixed in the following way: the connecting handle 30 is accommodated between the two connecting pieces 41 and is arranged in the first pivot hole 42 and the second pivot hole 300 through a rotating shaft 5, so that the connecting handle 30 and the fixing bolt 4 form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle 30 can move between 0 degrees and 180 degrees in the direction vertical to the wall surface of the hanging basket 2. It will be appreciated that in practice, it is ensured that no twisting or displacement occurs in a direction perpendicular to the stem 30.
More specifically, the fixing bolt 4 is installed on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket 2, the height of the fixing bolt is near the center line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring 32 is installed near the bottom of the spherical hatch 3;
the spherical hole cover 3, the annular engaging ring 31 and the fastening spring 32 are all made of iron alloy materials.
It is understood that a plurality of conversion devices for converting a pressurized water reactor cold leg break into a hot leg break may be provided on a pressurized water reactor gondola according to need.
The working principle of the invention is briefly explained as follows:
when the pressurized water reactor is in a normal operation condition, the pressure of the outer wall surface (namely a descending annular cavity) of the hanging basket 2 is greater than the pressure of the inner side (an upper cavity) of the hanging basket 2, and the pressure difference can reach 1bar (one atmospheric pressure). Under the effect of powerful pressure difference and vertical decurrent self gravity, sphere opening lid 3 is compressed tightly the laminating on 2 outer wall faces of hanging flower basket (as figure 1), and the coolant of avoiding descending ring intracavity that can be fine flows into the upper plenum through entrance to a cave 20, has ensured the realization of reactor normal function.
When a cold section break occurs in a loop and the size of the break is large enough, the pressure on the side of the descending ring cavity is lower than that on the side of the upper cavity, reverse pressure difference is generated on the inner side and the outer side of the spherical opening cover 3, the spherical opening cover 3 is pushed open, the upper cavity bypass of the pressure container is realized, so that the coolant on the inner side of the hanging basket 2 can flow to the descending ring cavity on the outer side through the opening 20, and the conversion from the cold section break to the hot section break can be realized only by properly adjusting the inner diameter of the opening and the number of devices and by-passing flow meeting the requirement.
For better understanding of the effect of the present invention, the following description will be made from the angle of the inner diameter of the circular hole 20 and the pressure difference required for opening the spherical hole cover 3.
(1) Analysis of pressure difference required for opening spherical cover
Suppose the diameter of the bottom surface of the spherical cap is D 1 The thickness of the thickest part is 0.25m, the thickness of the thickest part is 0.05m, and the density rho of the iron is 7900kg/m 3 The acceleration of gravity g is 9.81m/s 2 Then, the gravity of the spherical cover can be obtained:
G<πD 1 2 hρg/4＝3.14159*0.25 2 *0.05*7900*9.81/4＝190.2N
assuming that the diameter of the hole is 0.1m, the required pressure difference is:
ΔP＝4G/πD 1 2 ＝4*190.2/(3.14159*0.1 2 )＝0.24bar
and when a large break actually occurs, the delta P is larger than 1bar, namely larger than 0.24bar, so that the spherical cover can be quickly opened when the large break occurs. In practical situations, the force required when the spherical cover is pushed away is smaller than the self gravity, and because the thrust direction is horizontal direction when the spherical cover is just opened, the resistance of the rotation of the fixing bolt and the attaching force of the fastening spring are only required to be overcome. The joint force of the spring can be adjusted to be as small as possible according to needs, and the spherical cover can be ensured not to rotate randomly during hoisting.
(2) Analysis of inner diameter of circular opening
The inner diameter of the hole determines the flow of the hole, the larger the inner diameter of the hole is, the smaller the resistance is, the larger the flow is, the faster the pressure relief of the upper chamber is, the more easily the installation water enters the reactor core, and the worse degree of cold section break is. However, the distance between the basket and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel is limited, generally within 0.3m, and in order to ensure the structural strength of the basket, the number of cavities formed in the basket is not too large, and the inner diameter of the hole is not too large.
In order to find the proper hole inner diameter and the number of holes, the reactor can be modeled by using system software RELAP/SCDAPSIM, then a check valve is used for simulating a conversion device, sensitivity analysis is carried out on the hole inner diameter of the conversion device and the number of the conversion devices, and the result is compared with the result without the conversion device. And calculating the maximum-size cold section large-break accident of the design consideration of the reactor under the working condition.
For the existing large pressurized water reactor model, calculation and analysis show that when 6 conversion devices are installed in a hanging basket and the inner diameter of a hole of each device is 20cm, the capacity of a safety injection box can be reduced to 0.5 time of the original capacity after a large-break accident occurs, and the capacity of low-pressure safety injection can be reduced to 0.8 time of the original capacity.
For a small-sized reactor model with the maximum opening size of only about 5cm, calculation and analysis show that a safety injection box can be omitted by only installing 2 conversion devices in a hanging basket, wherein the inner diameter of an opening of each device is 10cm, and high-pressure safety injection and low-pressure safety injection can be reduced to 0.5 time of the original safety injection box.
Correspondingly, in another aspect of the invention, a pressurized water reactor is provided, which at least comprises a pressure vessel 1, a hanging basket 2 is arranged in the pressure vessel 1, a reactor core and an upper chamber are formed in the hanging basket 2, and the upper chamber is communicated with a hot section; a descending ring cavity is formed between the outer side of the hanging basket 2 and the pressure container 1 and is communicated with the cold section; at least one conversion device for converting the pressurized water reactor cold section break into the hot section break is arranged on the hanging basket 2, wherein:
the conversion device comprises a spherical hatch 3, a connecting handle 30 extending from the edge of the spherical hatch 3, and an annular engaging ring 31 and a fastening spring 32 arranged on the inner side of the spherical hatch 3;
a hole 20 communicating the upper chamber and the descending annular chamber is formed in the hanging basket 2, and an annular groove 21 and a spring groove 22 are formed in the area, located on the outer edge of the hole, of the outer wall of the hanging basket;
the connecting handle 30 is pivoted with a fixing bolt 4 fixedly arranged on the hanging basket 2, an annular engaging ring 31 on the spherical opening cover 3 is matched with an annular groove 21 on the hanging basket 2, and a fastening spring 32 is matched with the spring groove 22;
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover 3 is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket 2; when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, a reverse pressure difference is generated between the pressure of the upper chamber and the pressure of the descending annular chamber, so that the spherical opening cover 3 is separated from the opening 20 of the hanging basket 2, and the coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
One surface of the spherical opening cover 3 facing the inner wall of the pressure container 1 is a spherical surface, the other surface of the spherical opening cover is a cambered surface matched with the outer wall surface of the hanging basket 2, and the whole spherical opening cover is of a structure with thin edges and thick center; the annular engaging ring 31 and the fastening spring 32 are convexly arranged on the arc surface, and an annular inclined surface 310 is formed at the end of the annular engaging ring 31 facing the annular groove 21. A second pivot hole 300 is formed on the connecting handle 30;
specifically, the fastening spring 32 has a hollow diamond structure; the width of the fastening spring 32 is slightly larger than that of the spring groove 22, and the fastening spring is in interference fit with the spring groove 22; it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the clasp spring 32 may take other shapes, such as a circular ring.
As shown in fig. 4, one end of the fixing bolt 4 is a fixing column 40, which is fixed with the basket 2 (for example, the fixing column can be fixed by welding), and the other end extends to form two parallel connecting pieces 41, and the two connecting pieces 41 are provided with first pivot holes 42;
specifically, the connecting handle 30 and the fixing bolt 4 are connected and fixed in the following way: the connecting handle 30 is accommodated between the two connecting pieces 41 and is arranged in the first pivot hole 42 and the second pivot hole 300 through a rotating shaft 5, so that the connecting handle 30 and the fixing bolt 4 form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle 30 can move between 0 degrees and 180 degrees in the direction vertical to the wall surface of the hanging basket 2.
More specifically, the fixing bolt 4 is installed on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket 2, the height of the fixing bolt is near the center line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring 32 is installed near the bottom of the spherical hatch 3;
the spherical hole cover 3, the annular engaging ring 31 and the fastening spring 32 are all made of iron alloy materials.
For more details, reference may be made to the foregoing description of fig. 1 to 4, and no detailed description is given here.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the conversion device for converting the pressurized water reactor cold section break into the hot section break is matched with an annular groove and a spring groove which are arranged around an opening on a hanging basket through an annular fit ring and a lock spring on a spherical opening cover; under the normal operation working condition of the pressurized water reactor, under the action of forward pressure difference and vertical downward self gravity, the spherical hole cover is attached to and tightly pressed on the outer wall surface of the hanging basket; when a cold section break occurs in a loop and the size of the break is large enough, the pressure on the side of the descending ring cavity is lower than that on the side of the upper cavity, reverse pressure difference is generated on the inner side and the outer side of the spherical opening cover, the spherical opening cover is pushed open, bypass of the upper cavity of the pressure container is realized, so that coolant on the inner side of the hanging basket can flow to the descending ring cavity on the outer side through the opening, and conversion from the cold section break to the hot section break is realized, thereby reducing the safety injection capacity requirement, simplifying the safety injection system configuration, reducing the cost and improving the safety;
the device provided by the invention belongs to passive equipment, and does not depend on the supply of energy; the maximum threat of the existing pressurized water reactor, namely large cold section break can be reduced, the redundant arrangement of a safety injection system can be reduced to a great extent, the safety injection capacity requirement is reduced, the safety protection system of the reactor is simplified, and the economy and the safety reliability of the reactor are improved at the same time;
the device provided by the invention can be applied to the existing large-scale reactor, can also be applied to the small-scale reactor which is widely researched in the world at present, and has wide application prospect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the claims, therefore, other equivalent changes and modifications should be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A conversion device for converting a pressurized water reactor cold section break into a hot section break is arranged on a hanging basket (2) in a pressurized water reactor pressure vessel (1), an upper cavity is formed in the hanging basket (2), and the upper cavity is positioned at the downstream of a pressurized water reactor core and communicated with a coolant system hot section; a descending annular cavity is formed between the outer side of the hanging basket (2) and the pressure vessel (1), is positioned at the upstream of the pressurized water reactor core and is communicated with a cold section of a pressurized water reactor cooling system; the method is characterized in that:
the conversion device comprises a spherical hatch cover (3), a connecting handle (30) extends out from the edge of the spherical hatch cover (3), and an annular fit ring (31) and a fastening spring (32) are arranged on the inner side of the spherical hatch cover (3);
a hole (20) which is communicated with the upper chamber and the descending annular cavity is formed in the hanging basket (2), and an annular groove (21) and a spring groove (22) are formed in the area, located on the outer edge of the hole, of the outer wall of the hanging basket;
the connecting handle (30) is pivoted with a fixing bolt (4) fixedly arranged on the hanging basket (2), an annular engaging ring (31) on the spherical hole cover (3) is matched with an annular groove (21) on the hanging basket (2), and a fastening spring (32) is matched with the spring groove (22);
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical hole cover (3) is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket (2); when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, the pressure of the upper chamber is greater than that of the descending annular chamber, and a reverse pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical opening cover (3) is separated from the opening (20) of the hanging basket (2), and the coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
2. The conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical aperture cover (3) is of a thin-edged and thick-centered structure as a whole; one surface of the inner wall of the pressure container (1) facing the inner wall is a spherical surface (33), the other surface of the inner wall is an arc surface (34) matched with the outer wall surface of the hanging basket (2), the annular engaging ring (31) and the fastening spring (32) are arranged on the arc surface (34) in a protruding mode, and an annular inclined surface (310) is formed at the end portion, facing the annular groove (21), of the annular engaging ring (31).
3. The switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that said fastening spring (32) is of a hollowed diamond or circular configuration; the width of the fastening spring is slightly larger than that of the spring groove (22), and the fastening spring (32) is in interference fit with the spring groove (22).
4. A transfer device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fixing bolt (4) has a fixing post (40) at one end for fixing with the basket (2) and two parallel connecting pieces (41) extending from the other end, each connecting piece (41) having a first pivot hole (42); a second pivot hole (300) is arranged on the connecting handle;
the connecting handle (30) is accommodated between the two connecting sheets (41) and is arranged in the first pivoting hole (42) and the second pivoting hole (300) in a penetrating manner through a rotating shaft (5), so that the connecting handle (30) and the fixing bolt (4) form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle (30) moves between 0-180 degrees in the direction vertical to the wall surface of the hanging basket (2).
5. The switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixing bolt (4) is installed on the outer wall surface of the basket (2) and has a height near the center line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring (32) is installed near the bottom of the spherical hatch (3);
the spherical hole cover (3), the annular fitting ring (31) and the fastening spring (32) are all made of iron alloy materials.
6. The pressurized water reactor at least comprises a pressure vessel (1), wherein a hanging basket (2) is arranged in the pressure vessel (1), a reactor core and an upper cavity are formed in the hanging basket (2), and the upper cavity is communicated with a hot section of a pressurized water reactor cooling system; a descending annular cavity is formed between the outer side of the hanging basket (2) and the pressure vessel (1), the descending annular cavity is positioned at the upstream of a pressurized water reactor core, and the descending annular cavity is communicated with a cold section of the pressurized water reactor; be provided with at least one conversion equipment who converts pressurized water reactor cold section break into hot section break on hanging flower basket (2), its characterized in that, wherein:
the conversion device comprises a spherical hatch cover (3), a connecting handle (30) extending out from the edge of the spherical hatch cover (3), and an annular fitting ring (31) and a fastening spring (32) are arranged on the inner side of the spherical hatch cover (3);
a hole (20) communicating the upper chamber and the descending annular cavity is formed in the hanging basket (2), and an annular groove (21) and a spring groove (22) are formed in the area, located on the outer edge of the hole, of the outer wall of the hanging basket;
the connecting handle (30) is pivoted with a fixing bolt (4) fixedly arranged on the hanging basket (2), an annular engaging ring (31) on the spherical hole cover (3) is matched with an annular groove (21) on the hanging basket (2), and the fastening spring (32) is matched with the spring groove (22);
when the pressurized water reactor works normally, the pressure of the upper chamber is smaller than that of the descending annular chamber, and a positive pressure difference is generated, so that the spherical hole cover (3) is attached and fixed to the outer side of the hanging basket (2); when the pressurized water reactor has a large cold section break, the pressure of the upper chamber is greater than that of the descending annular chamber, a reverse pressure difference is generated, the spherical opening cover (3) is separated from the opening (20) of the hanging basket (2), and therefore the coolant flows into the descending annular chamber from the upper chamber.
7. The pressurized water reactor as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that one side of the spherical cavity cover (3) facing the inner wall of the pressure vessel (1) is a spherical surface (33), the other side is an arc surface (34) which is adapted to the outer wall of the basket (2), and the whole body of the spherical cavity cover is of a structure with thin edges and thick center; the annular engaging ring (31) and the fastening spring (32) are convexly arranged on the cambered surface (34), and an annular inclined surface (310) is formed at the end part, facing the annular groove (21), of the annular engaging ring (31).
8. The pressurized water reactor as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the fastening spring (32) is of a hollowed diamond or ring structure; the width of the fastening spring is slightly larger than that of the spring groove (22), and the fastening spring (32) is in interference fit with the spring groove (22).
9. The pressurized water reactor as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the fixing bolt (4) has a fixing column (40) at one end and is fixed with the basket (2), and two parallel connecting pieces (41) extend from the other end, and each connecting piece (41) is provided with a first pivot hole (42); a second pivot hole (300) is arranged on the connecting handle;
the connecting handle (30) is accommodated between the two connecting sheets (41) and penetrates through the first pivoting hole (42) and the second pivoting hole (300) through a rotating shaft (5), so that the connecting handle (30) and the fixing bolt (4) form axial movable fit, and the connecting handle (30) moves between 0-180 degrees in the direction perpendicular to the wall surface of the hanging basket (2).
10. The pressurized water reactor as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the fixing bolt (4) is installed on the outer wall surface of the basket (2) and has a height near the center line of the inlet of the cold section of the pressure vessel, and the fastening spring (32) is installed near the bottom of the spherical hatch (3);
the spherical hole cover (3), the annular engaging ring (31) and the fastening spring (32) are all made of iron alloy materials.
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| CN110808108B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-06-25 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Semi-open type flow guide device used under direct safety injection condition of nuclear reactor |
| CN111503327B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-11-09 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Floating valve device, working method thereof and pressure container |
| CN112017797A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-01 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Device for discharging steam from reactor core in small-break loss of coolant accident |
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| CN102842347A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2012-12-26 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | Special testing device for small measuring chamber of nuclear power plant reactor cavity |
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