CN110189346A - Flame turbulivity acquiring method based on chemical self-luminous technology - Google Patents
Flame turbulivity acquiring method based on chemical self-luminous technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110189346A CN110189346A CN201910400208.5A CN201910400208A CN110189346A CN 110189346 A CN110189346 A CN 110189346A CN 201910400208 A CN201910400208 A CN 201910400208A CN 110189346 A CN110189346 A CN 110189346A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
-
- G06T5/70—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/13—Edge detection
Abstract
Flame turbulivity acquiring method based on chemical self-luminous technology is related to one kind from flame image and seeks flame surface density, the method for representing flame turbulivity with this.It solves lower, narrow scope of application the defect with precision when the physical quantitys indirect measure flame turbulivity such as pressure, speed at present.Its implementation are as follows: fuel is filled in the combustion chamber for being equipped with optical window, synchronizer trigger control igniting is synchronous with shooting to be carried out, and high-speed camera is with the frame speed recording N of 200kHz flame images；N images are demarcated in conjunction with MATLAB software, edge extracting, obtains flame contours bianry image；Lattice are soundd out in setting, each pixel of traversal N image and calculate it includes flame contours line length, seek flame surface density；The flame front density value of average N images, the flame surface density of the identical pixel of abscissa is summed, represents flame turbulivity with this.The flame turbulivity that the present invention is suitable under various burning occasions is measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind from the spontaneous light image of flame, and the method for seeking flame turbulivity by algorithm belongs to fire
Flame post processing of image field.
Background technique
In combustion diagnosis field, flame turbulivity is the parameter that researcher more pays close attention to, it can reflect out fire
The severe degree of flame burning, and then the details of flame development are provided for researcher.However, flame turbulivity seek be
One extremely difficult process, field of fluid mechanics generally measure the size of turbulivity with fluctuation velocity, but in combustion,
Fluctuation velocity is sought therefore at present mainly to measure flame turbulivity by some indirect means with biggish difficulty.
If installed multiple pressure sensors in a combustion chamber, by comparing under different operating conditions, the pressure of the pressure sensor at same position
Power change curve, qualitative can contrast turbulivity size (in general, turbulivity is bigger, the disturbance of flame or shake Shaoxing opera
Strong, pressure can be relatively large).The flame propagation image sequence under different operating conditions for another example is obtained by optical measurement means, is compared
Flame the mean propagation velocity at the same position of combustion chamber, can also judge turbulivity.
However, the size of flame turbulivity is essentially dependent on flame profile, the fold of flame is more, corresponding turbulivity
It is bigger；And the above-mentioned method referred to passes through other physical quantity indirect measure flame turbulivitys such as pressure, speed, does not relate to
This essential level to flame profile, therefore aforementioned conclusion will appear mistake in certain situations.Such as the combustion process under certain operating conditions
It will appear the hot spot or fiery core of high temperature and pressure, spread speed also accelerate by moment, but flame turbulivity at this time not necessarily compares
The height of other operating conditions.Therefore, it is necessary to propose that the pervasive higher flame turbulivity of degree is measured on the basis of flame profile
Method.
The it is proposed of flame surface density be flame turbulivity seek provide resolving ideas, its physical significance is unit bodies
Flame surface area (three-dimensional space) under product, if representing the flame contours length under unit area in two-dimensional space.It can
To see, size and the flame profile of flame surface density are closely related, and reflect flame turbulivity with it, more than aforementioned based on pressure
The methods of power, speed have stronger universality.But rarely have the report for combining flame surface density with turbulivity at present, and
The detailed solution thinking of flame surface density is also rarer, therefore weighs it is necessary to propose the acquiring method of flame surface density, and with it
Measure the size of turbulivity.
Summary of the invention
Currently, less this essential determinant based on flame profile of the balancing method of flame turbulivity, but pass through it
He compares the flame turbulivity under different operating conditions physical quantity, has stronger subjectivity, and conclusion is in some cases
It is even invalid.For this defect, present invention combination flame surface density proposes a kind of method for measuring flame turbulivity.
Flame turbulivity acquiring method based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is realized by following steps:
Step 1: the filling of flammable mixture: flammable mixture is filled into combustion chamber, and combustion chamber is provided with optical window
Mouthful, to the spontaneous optical signal through flame.
Step 2: igniting and shooting: igniter is installed on the head of combustion chamber, the optics of high-speed camera face combustion chamber
Window, synchronizer trigger connect igniter and high-speed camera simultaneously, press the switch of synchronizer trigger, light a fire synchronous with shooting
It carries out, high-speed camera is with N flame propagation images of working frequency record of 200kHz.
Step 3: the calibration of flame image: being based on MATLAB software, selectes the N flame images that step 2 obtains certain
Two pixels record them in pixel number m, the image distance s of x-axis direction1With actual physics distance s2, obtain image
Actual range scale=s between every two neighbor pixel2/s1/ m obtains the N each pixels of image according to factor scale
The corresponding physical plane coordinate of point.
Step 4: the contours extract of flame image: utilizing MATLAB software, first N resulting to step 3 flame images
Median filtering is carried out, ambient noise is removed, flame contours is extracted then in conjunction with edge arithmetic operators, flame contours will be represented
Pixel be assigned a value of 1, be otherwise 0, obtain N flame bianry images.
Step 5: flame surface density is sought: one square of setting sounds out lattice and records its real area S, will wherein
The all pixels point of the resulting N of heart point traversal step four bianry images falls within the pixel that value is 1 when souning out center of a lattice point
Point, statistics sound out the pixel number n that the value for including in lattice is 1, acquire the bianry image pixel pair according to formula ∑=n/S
The flame surface density ∑ answered falls within the pixel that value is 0, the corresponding flame surface density ∑ of the pixel when souning out center of a lattice point
=0, thus obtain the flame front Density Distribution of N bianry images.
Step 6: the measurement of flame turbulivity: the flame front Density Distribution of N flame bianry images is averaged, is obtained
It sums to the corresponding flame front mean density value of each pixel, then by the flame surface density of the identical pixel of abscissa x, with this
The corresponding flame turbulivity of different ordinate y is represented, finally draws out flame turbulivity with the trend chart of y.
Wherein, flammable mixture described in step 1 is the gaseous mixture of ethylene, oxygen and nitrogen, and volume flow is respectively
0.5L/min, 1.5L/min and 1.5L/min.
The time for exposure that high-speed camera described in step 2 is set as 1 μ s, freezes fire with temporal resolution short enough
The temporal profile of flame, 400-700nm bandwidth filter is equipped with before camera lens, and the veiling glare that filtering chemically non-reactive area issues guarantees
The accuracy of the flame profile of record, aperture F5.6 make exposure be in OK range.
Certain two pixel is selected described in step 3 to be demarcated, and is the ginput function using MATLAB software, is obtained
The corresponding transverse and longitudinal coordinate value (x of two pixels to the image upper left corner and the lower right corner1, y1) and (x2, y2)。
It is length representated by 10~20 pixels that square described in step 5, which sounds out lattice side length, and approximate use sounds out lattice
The pixel number n that the value for inside including is 1 represents the flame contours line length soundd out and include in lattice, facilitates asking for flame surface density
It takes.
The utility model has the advantages that being operating platform the present invention is based on MATLAB, starts with from flame profile, sought by series of algorithms
Flame surface density, finally superposition represents flame turbulivity, effectively solves rapid by the physical quantitys such as pressure, speed indirect measure at present
The limitation of mobility.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of flame turbulivity finding process.
Fig. 2 is the experimental provision structural schematic diagram that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is certain moment single frames flame image taken and the flame contours of extraction under two operating conditions.
Fig. 4 is the flame turbulivity sought for Fig. 3.
Wherein, 1 is high-pressure air source, and 2 be check valve, and 3 be ball valve, and 4 be pneumatic head, and 5 be combustion chamber, and 6 be barrier, and 7 are
Igniter, 8 be high-speed camera, and 9 be 400-700nm bandwidth filter, and 10 be synchronizer trigger, and 11 be computer.
Specific embodiment
Below using two operating conditions as example, in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation process, the invention will be further described.
Operating condition one: the quantity of barrier 6 is eight.
Operating condition two: the quantity of barrier 6 is 16.
Step 1: high-pressure air source 1 is provided with the second that volume flow is respectively 0.5L/min, 1.5L/min and 1.5L/min
Alkene, oxygen and the flammable mixed gas of nitrogen, pass sequentially through check valve 2, ball valve 3 and pneumatic head 4, are filled into combustion chamber 5, check valve 2
It is that the flammable mixed circulation of vital energy in the wrong direction flows into high-pressure air source 1 in order to prevent, guarantees the safety of gas replenishment process, and ball valve 3 is then to control opening for gas circuit
With close.Wherein, the combustion chamber 5 of operating condition one is separately installed with the barrier 6 (as shown in Figure 2) that quantity is eight and 16, is not difficult to think
As the interaction of 16 barriers 6 and flame is strong more than eight, and theoretically the flame turbulivity of operating condition two is bigger, can be with
The flame turbulivity that the method for the present invention is finally sought corresponds to each other.
Step 2: igniter 7 is installed on to the head of combustion chamber 5, while 400-700nm bandwidth filter 9 is installed on height
Before the optical lens of fast video camera 8, for filtering the veiling glare of chemically non-reactive area sending, avoid influencing flame true shape
Shooting；The position for adjusting high-speed camera 8, makes the optical window of its stringent face combustion chamber 5, reduce follow-up calibration process is
System error；The photographed frame speed of control software set high-speed camera 8 in computer 11 is 200kHz, the time for exposure is 1 μ s,
Freeze the temporal profile of flame with sufficiently high temporal resolution；Two signal output ends while tie point of synchronizer trigger 10
Firearm 7 and high-speed camera 8 press the switch of synchronizer trigger 10, and progress synchronous with shooting of lighting a fire finally obtains N flames
Propagate image.
Step 3: being based on MATLAB operating platform, and it is left to select the N flame images that step 2 obtains using ginput function
Two pixels at upper angle and the lower right corner respectively obtain their corresponding image coordinate location (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), it asks respectively
Pixel number m, the image distance s for taking them to contain in x-axis direction1=x2-x1With actual physics distance s2, it is every to obtain image
Actual range scale=s between two neighbor pixels2/s1/ m can be obtained in conjunction with two pixels that ginput function is chosen
Obtain the N corresponding physical plane coordinates of each pixel of image.
Step 4: median filtering is carried out using MATLAB software N resulting to step 3 flame images, removal background is made an uproar
Sound and other noises, the flame contours of every image are extracted in conjunction with edge arithmetic operators, at this point, representing flame contours
Pixel will be assigned 1, and be shown as white in image, and not the pixel of flame contours is assigned 0, in image
In be shown as black (as shown in Figure 3), thus obtain N flame bianry images.
Step 5: one area S=7 × 7=49mm of setting2Square sound out lattice (corresponding side length is about 12 pixels
Point), by all pixels point of its resulting N of central point traversal step four bianry images, value is fallen within when souning out center of a lattice point
For 1 pixel when, statistics sound out lattice in include value be 1 pixel number n, with this approximation representative include flame contours
Line length acquires flame surface density ∑ corresponding to the pixel according to formula ∑=n/S；Value is fallen within when souning out center of a lattice point
For 0 pixel when, since the pixel is not belonging to the component part of flame contours, it is specified that the corresponding flame front of the pixel is close
∑=0 is spent, the flame surface density of the N each pixels of bianry image is thus obtained.
Step 6: the flame front Density Distribution of the N sought flame bianry images is averaged, each pixel is obtained
The corresponding flame front mean density value of point, then in different ordinate y values, by the flame front of the identical pixel of all abscissa x
Density value summation represents the corresponding flame turbulivity of different ordinate y with this, finally draws out flame turbulivity with the variation of y
Tendency chart (as shown in Figure 4).
The method during seeking flame turbulivity, based on premise be that flame obtained by chemical self-luminous technology
Temporal profile, therefore finally obtained flame turbulivity size is strongly depend on shooting condition.In order to allow operating condition one and operating condition two
Flame turbulivity be comparable, in experimentation, other than the quantity of barrier 6 in combustion chamber 5 is different, remaining condition
Equal strict guarantee is consistent, and if inflationtime is 6min, the frame speed of high-speed camera 8, time for exposure and camera site are consistent,
Lens aperture is F5.6, and the number of flame image is N=20, reduces the shadow that other factors seek result to flame turbulivity
It rings.
In conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, since the quantity of two barrier 6 of operating condition is more than operating condition one, at the same position of combustion chamber,
Barrier 6 is stronger to the disturbance effect of flame, according to Fig. 3, can intuitively find out the flame more disorder of operating condition two, and fold is more,
The theoretically flame turbulivity Ying Geng great of operating condition two.The process according to the invention, the flame contours that operating condition two extracts more than
More than operating condition one, in conjunction with the acquiring method of flame surface density, it is found that the corresponding flame surface density of operating condition two is bigger；Correspondingly, Fig. 4 is aobvious
Show the flame turbulivity of operating condition two the different directions y value also above operating condition one, it is consistent with theory to seek result, thus proves
The validity of this method.
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation process above, but this hair
Bright to be not limited to the above embodiment, those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, can be to above-mentioned
Method makes various changes and optimization.
Claims (5)
1. the flame turbulivity acquiring method based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is realized by following steps:
Step 1: the filling of flammable mixture: flammable mixture is filled into combustion chamber, and combustion chamber is provided with optical window, is used
With the spontaneous optical signal through flame.
Step 2: igniting and shooting: igniter is installed on the head of combustion chamber, the optical window of high-speed camera face combustion chamber
Mouthful, synchronizer trigger connects igniter and high-speed camera simultaneously, presses the switch of synchronizer trigger, lights a fire and shoot same stepping
Row, high-speed camera is with N flame propagation images of working frequency record of 200kHz.
Step 3: the calibration of flame image: being based on MATLAB software, certain two for selecting the N flame images that step 2 obtains
Pixel records them in pixel number m, the image distance s of x-axis direction1With actual physics distance s2, obtain image every two
Actual range scale=s between a neighbor pixel2/s1/ m obtains the N each pixels pair of image according to factor scale
The physical plane coordinate answered.
Step 4: the contours extract of flame image: utilizing MATLAB software, and first N resulting to step 3 flame images carry out
Median filtering removes ambient noise, extracts flame contours then in conjunction with edge arithmetic operators, will represent the picture of flame contours
Vegetarian refreshments is assigned a value of 1, is otherwise 0, obtains N flame bianry images.
Step 5: flame surface density is sought: one square of setting sounds out lattice and records its real area S, by its central point
The all pixels point of the resulting N of traversal step four bianry images falls within the pixel that value is 1, system when souning out center of a lattice point
Meter sounds out the pixel number n that the value for including in lattice is 1, and it is corresponding to acquire the bianry image pixel according to formula ∑=n/S
Flame surface density ∑, when sound out center of a lattice point fall within value for 0 pixel, the pixel corresponding flame surface density ∑=0,
Thus the flame front Density Distribution of N bianry images is obtained.
Step 6: the measurement of flame turbulivity: the flame front Density Distribution of N flame bianry images is averaged, and is obtained every
The corresponding flame front mean density value of a pixel, then the flame surface density of the identical pixel of abscissa x is summed, it is represented with this
The corresponding flame turbulivity of different ordinate y, finally draws out flame turbulivity with the trend chart of y.
2. the flame turbulivity acquiring method according to claim 1 based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is characterised in that: step
Flammable mixture described in rapid one is the gaseous mixture of ethylene, oxygen and nitrogen, and volume flow is respectively 0.5L/min, 1.5L/min
And 1.5L/min.
3. the flame turbulivity acquiring method according to claim 1 based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is characterised in that: institute
The time for exposure that the high-speed camera stated is set as 1 μ s, freezes the temporal profile of flame, camera lens with temporal resolution short enough
Front is equipped with 400-700nm bandwidth filter, and the veiling glare that filtering chemically non-reactive area issues guarantees the standard of the flame profile of record
True property, aperture F5.6 make exposure be in OK range.
4. the flame turbulivity acquiring method according to claim 1 based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is characterised in that: institute
Certain two pixel of selecting stated are demarcated, and are the ginput functions using MATLAB software, are obtained the image upper left corner and the right side
The corresponding transverse and longitudinal coordinate value (x of two pixels of inferior horn1, y1) and (x2, y2)。
5. the flame turbulivity acquiring method according to claim 1 based on chemical self-luminous technology, it is characterised in that: institute
It is length representated by 10~20 pixels that the square stated, which sounds out lattice side length, and approximation is 1 in lattice with the value for including is soundd out
Pixel number n represents the flame contours line length soundd out and include in lattice, facilitates seeking for flame surface density.
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Cited By (1)
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