CN110186755A - 一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法 - Google Patents

一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法 Download PDF

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CN110186755A
CN110186755A CN201910328734.5A CN201910328734A CN110186755A CN 110186755 A CN110186755 A CN 110186755A CN 201910328734 A CN201910328734 A CN 201910328734A CN 110186755 A CN110186755 A CN 110186755A
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张涛
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Abstract

一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,包括以下步骤;(1)获取目标页岩气井底返出的页岩屑,分别进行微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试;(2)基于微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试所得数据,分别计算出每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、组分含量以及岩屑样密度;(3)将每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、矿物组分含量以及页岩屑密度值代入脆性评价模型式中,Wi表示页岩中i矿物组分含量;Ei表示页岩中i矿物组成弹性模量,GPa;ρ表示页岩屑密度,g/cm3,模型所得B值反映该页岩屑所在页岩储层的脆性特征。本发明能够简单、快速、低成本地对页岩脆性进行实时评价。

Description

一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法
技术领域
本发明涉及石油钻井技术领域,特别涉及一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法。
背景技术
页岩气钻井过程中,对于页岩脆性实时正确评价有助于井壁稳定性及时预防与控制、益于压裂层段优选及优化压裂效果,同时对钻井设备和水泥浆密度选择也有一定影响。现存有页岩脆性评价方法主要可以分为基于矿物组分、弹性力学参数、岩石强度、贯入实验、岩石破碎程度和室内应力-应变等六大类,这些评价方法主要依靠钻后测井解释和制取岩样力学实验,测井解释不能够进行随钻实时页岩脆性评价,力学实验制取岩样过程复杂,成本较高,同时也不能够进行随钻实时页岩脆性评价。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,以确保在页岩气钻井过程中,能够简单、快速、低成本地对页岩脆性进行实时评价。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,包括以下步骤;
(1)获取目标页岩气井底返出的页岩屑,分别进行微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试;
(2)基于微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试所得数据,分别计算出每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、组分含量以及岩屑样密度;
(3)将每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、矿物组分含量以及页岩屑密度值代入脆性评价模型式中,Wi表示页岩中i矿物组分含量;Ei表示页岩中i矿物组成弹性模量,GPa;ρ表示页岩屑密度,g/cm3,模型所得B值反映该页岩屑所在页岩储层的脆性特征。
所述的微观纳米压痕测试将页岩屑小试样镶嵌并固化于环氧树脂中,然后采用碳化硅研磨纸(0.5um)和氧化铝研磨膜(0.3um~0.01um)对小岩样表面进行机械抛光,将抛光后的试样置于纳米压痕实验仪器测试,通过纳米压痕实验获得的加载力与位移关系简谐图可求取弹性模量。
所述的X射线衍射测试使用仪器包括岩石粉碎机、岩粉夹持片、X射线衍射仪器等,所测试样在一定的管压和管流条件下,在衍射仪器3o~45o范围内扫描,根据扫描得到的图像,可鉴别相关矿物组分以及相关矿物含量。
所述的密度测试,页岩屑体积不规则,可通过电子天平获取岩样质量,通过排体积法获得体积,然后可得页岩屑密度。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明选取页岩气钻井过程井底返出的岩屑为测试研究对象,取样过程简单、成本较低;本发明基于微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试获取脆性评价所需参数,简便快捷、页岩脆性随钻实时评价性强以及结果精确度较高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程示意图;
图2为相同围压条件下标准页岩样抗压强度测试后破碎程度示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明的一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,包括以下步骤(图1所示):(1)获取目标页岩气井底返出的页岩屑,分别进行微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试;(2)基于微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试所得数据,分别计算出每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、组分含量以及岩屑样密度;(3)将每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、矿物组分含量以及页岩屑密度值代入脆性评价模型式中,Wi表示页岩中i矿物组分含量;Ei表示页岩中i矿物组成弹性模量,GPa;ρ表示页岩屑密度,g/cm3,模型所得B值反映该页岩屑所在页岩储层的脆性特征。
本发明旨在解决上述基于矿物组分、弹性力学参数、岩石强度、贯入实验、岩石破碎程度和室内应力-应变等页岩脆性评价方法存在的缺点,以保证页岩气钻井过程中,能够简单、快速、低成本地对页岩脆性进行实时评价。
实施例
本实施例的页岩脆性评价方法,其包括以下步骤:(1)选取一组不同页岩储层段的钻井岩屑和所对应标准页岩样为测试研究对象,针对于页岩屑进行微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试,针对于相应标准页岩样(在相同围压条件下)进行抗压强度测试;(2)将对应页岩屑测试所得各种矿物组成弹性模量、矿物组分含量以及页岩屑密度值代入脆性评价模型计算出同一组页岩屑脆性相对大小值,如表1;(3)将页岩屑计算所得脆性相对大小值与相应标准页岩样(在相同围压条件下)在抗压强度测试后的破碎程度(图2)对比。
表1
基于对页岩屑计算所得脆性相对大小值与相应标准页岩样(在相同围压条件下)抗压强度测试后的破碎程度对比,可以得出本发明计算所得页岩脆性评价结果与页岩抗压强度测试后的破碎程度一致性较好。

Claims (4)

1.一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
(1)获取目标页岩气井底返出的页岩屑,分别进行微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试;
(2)基于微观纳米压痕、X射线衍射以及密度测试所得数据,分别计算出每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、组分含量以及岩屑样密度;
(3)将每块页岩屑各种矿物组成的弹性模量、矿物组分含量以及页岩屑密度值代入脆性评价模型式中,Wi表示页岩中i矿物组分含量;Ei表示页岩中i矿物组成弹性模量,GPa;ρ表示页岩屑密度,g/cm3,模型所得B值反映该页岩屑所在页岩储层的脆性特征。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,其特征在于,所述的微观纳米压痕测试将页岩屑小试样镶嵌并固化于环氧树脂中,然后采用碳化硅研磨纸(0.5um)和氧化铝研磨膜(0.3um~0.01um)对小岩样表面进行机械抛光,将抛光后的试样置于纳米压痕实验仪器测试,通过纳米压痕实验获得的加载力与位移关系简谐图可求取弹性模量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,其特征在于,所述的X射线衍射测试使用仪器包括岩石粉碎机、岩粉夹持片、X射线衍射仪器,所测试样在一定的管压和管流条件下,在衍射仪器3°~45°范围内扫描,根据扫描得到的图像,可鉴别相关矿物组分以及相关矿物含量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种随钻页岩脆性评价方法,其特征在于,所述的密度测试,页岩屑体积不规则,可通过电子天平获取岩样质量,通过排体积法获得体积,然后可得页岩屑密度。
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CN114526050B (zh) * 2020-11-06 2022-11-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种用于评价碳酸盐岩储层可压性的方法及系统

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