CN110186564B - Heavy-calibre full-spectrum section hyperspectral load high stability detecting system - Google Patents
Heavy-calibre full-spectrum section hyperspectral load high stability detecting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110186564B CN110186564B CN201910414420.7A CN201910414420A CN110186564B CN 110186564 B CN110186564 B CN 110186564B CN 201910414420 A CN201910414420 A CN 201910414420A CN 110186564 B CN110186564 B CN 110186564B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0202—Mechanical elements; Supports for optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
- G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/1006—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining different wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-caliber full-spectrum hyperspectral load high-stability detection system, which solves the problems that the structural form of the traditional optical system is difficult to meet the requirements of severe light weight, high stability and high precision and the full-spectrum optical device support cannot be realized. The detection system comprises a main support structure, a front telescope system, a three-lens group system and a full-spectrum hyperspectral system, wherein the main support structure comprises a substrate made of SiC materials, the front telescope system is arranged on the front surface of the substrate, the three-lens group system is arranged on the back surface of the substrate and is used for reflecting light beams output by the front telescope system and converting the light beams into two paths, the two paths enter the full-spectrum hyperspectral system respectively, and the full-spectrum hyperspectral system is used for acquiring space information images and full-color/spectral images of full-color, visible near-infrared spectrum, short-wave infrared spectrum, medium-wave infrared spectrum and long-wave infrared spectrum of ground targets and can realize the same support design of 6 total optical loads of full wave bands.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to the field of space optics shake sense, in particular to a large-caliber full-spectrum hyperspectral load high-stability detection system.
Background
With the continuous progress of the aerospace technology, the complexity of the payload carried by a space satellite platform is higher and higher, and satellite platforms such as a near-earth orbit satellite, a ground observation satellite, a data relay satellite and the like are endless. With the continuous deep space exploration, the space optical remote sensing is successfully applied to a plurality of fields such as deep space exploration, earth observation, space science research and the like, and the development direction is mainly in aspects such as high resolution, light weight, high stability and the like.
With the improvement of the requirements on the space optical remote sensing resolution, the caliber of an optical system is larger, the optical resolution is higher, and the detection precision is higher. High spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, high spectral resolution become important markers for achieving high spectral resolution to earth observability.
In order to realize the design of high rigidity, high stability and high light weight of the load, the structural design requirement on the large-caliber optical system is also higher and higher, and the structural design method and design concept need to be improved in a breakthrough manner.
Because the large-caliber optical system has larger structural size, the deformation of the structure is obvious under the condition of the change of the force and heat environment, and the surface shape precision of the optical element can be influenced, so that the structural stability support design technology of the large-caliber optical system is important to study and solve.
For large-caliber optical remote sensing equipment, the main support component is used as a framework structure of the system, and high stability and high reliability of the optical system must be ensured. The main supporting structure of the remote sensing equipment mainly has the forms of a thin-wall cylinder, a box type, a frame type, a truss type and the like.
The thin-wall cylinder type main supporting structure has the characteristics of high rigidity, good overall structure stability, convenient detection and adjustment, contribution to temperature control, stray light inhibition and the like, is generally used for supporting structures with high requirements on structural stability and loose weight control, and has the defects of larger weight and lower weight reduction rate, and is not suitable for remote sensing cameras with light weight, high precision and high stability.
The box-type main support structure has high rigidity and strength and good overall stability, and is mainly used in multi-reflection off-axis complex optical system cameras. The weight of the high-strength cassette structure is large, and as the degree of weight reduction of the space camera increases, the cassette structure is gradually replaced with a lighter structure.
The frame type main supporting structure has the advantages of excellent rigidity, good space stability and lower light weight degree, and is suitable for the main supporting structure of a medium-sized and small-sized off-axis system, but is not suitable for a remote sensing camera with high light weight degree.
The truss type supporting structure has the characteristics of high specific stiffness, flexible assembly, simple form and strong designability, is widely applicable to large and medium-sized, single-reflection, multi-reflection, coaxial and off-axis space cameras, but is not applicable to light-weight, high-precision and high-stability remote sensing cameras.
Along with the severe requirements of light weight, high precision and high stability of the remote sensing camera, the main support structure has more or less defects, so that the actual requirements are difficult to meet, and in addition, the existing main support structure can only carry optical instruments of two wave bands at most and cannot realize the support of full-spectrum optical devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the structural form of the traditional optical system is difficult to meet the requirements of severe light weight, high stability and high precision and the supporting of an optical device in a full-spectrum section cannot be realized, and provides a large-caliber full-spectrum section high-spectrum load high-stability detection system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the large-caliber full-spectrum hyperspectral load high-stability detection system is characterized by comprising a main support structure, a front telescope system, a three-lens system and a full-spectrum hyperspectral instrument system; the main supporting structure comprises a substrate made of Si C material; the front surface of the substrate is divided into a left area, a middle area and a right area by two first reinforcing ribs which are parallel to each other; the middle part of the middle area is provided with a lens group mounting hole, and a plurality of triangular weight reducing grooves are formed in the parts outside the lens group mounting hole; the left area and the right area have the same structure and are symmetrically distributed in the middle area, and a plurality of triangular weight reducing grooves are formed in the left area and the right area; the back surface of the base plate is a plane, a plurality of threaded holes for installing optical components are formed in the plane, and the threaded holes are formed in the groove wall of the triangular weight-reducing groove;
The front telescope system is arranged on the front surface of the substrate and comprises a main reflector, a secondary reflector and a truss assembly; the main reflector is arranged at the position of the mounting hole of the reflector group, and a light passing hole is formed in the middle of the main reflector; the secondary reflector is coaxially fixed above the main reflector through the truss assembly, and incident light beams sequentially pass through the light through holes after being reflected by the main reflector and the secondary reflector;
The three-lens system is arranged on the back surface of the substrate and used for reflecting the light beams output by the secondary reflecting mirror and converting the light beams into two paths, namely a first light beam and a second light beam;
The full spectrum hyperspectral system is arranged on the reverse side of the substrate and comprises a first imaging unit and a second imaging unit, the first imaging unit comprises a first relay zoom lens group, a first full-color imaging assembly, a first dichroic mirror, a short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, a long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and a first vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly, one part of light beams of the first light beams enter the first full-color imaging assembly, the other part of light beams are subjected to relay zoom through the first relay zoom lens group and then are subjected to color separation through the first dichroic mirror, the light beams are divided into two paths, and enter the short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly respectively, and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly is arranged in the first vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly;
The second imaging unit comprises a second relay zoom lens group, a second full-color imaging assembly, a second dichroic mirror, a visible light hyperspectral assembly, a medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and a second vacuum refrigeration Dewar assembly, wherein a part of light beams of the second light beams are received by the second full-color imaging assembly, and the rest part of light beams are separated by the second dichroic mirror after being relayed and zoomed by the second relay zoom lens group and are divided into two paths which respectively enter the visible light hyperspectral assembly and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly is arranged in the second vacuum refrigeration Dewar assembly.
Further, the three-lens system comprises two groups of three-lens systems symmetrically arranged along the axis of the light transmission hole; each group of three-mirror system comprises a folding axis mirror, a third mirror and a focusing mirror, and light beams are reflected by the folding axis mirror, the third mirror and the focusing mirror in sequence.
Further, the visible light hyperspectral component and the short wave infrared hyperspectral component both adopt an Offner dispersion imaging system based on a Frery curved prism, and the visible light hyperspectral component comprises a first imaging optical group and a visible light hyperspectral instrument; the first imaging optical group comprises a first slit, a spherical reflecting mirror, a first rectangular curved prism, a second rectangular curved prism, a first rectangular curved reflecting prism and a second rectangular curved reflecting prism; one path of light beams split by the first dichroic mirror sequentially passes through the first slit and the first rectangular curved surface prism and then is reflected by the first rectangular curved surface reflecting prism to form first reflected light; the first reflected light is transmitted through the first rectangular curved prism and then reflected by the spherical reflector to form second reflected light; the second reflected light is transmitted through the second rectangular curved surface prism and then reflected by the second rectangular curved surface reflecting prism, and is received by the visible light hyperspectral instrument after being transmitted through the second rectangular curved surface prism;
the short-wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a second imaging optical group and a short-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument, and the second imaging optical group and the first imaging optical group are identical in structure.
Furthermore, the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral component and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral component both adopt Dyson optical imaging systems,
The medium wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a third imaging optical group and a medium wave infrared hyperspectral instrument; the third imaging optical group comprises a concave diffraction grating, a Dyson lens, a correction lens, a reflecting mirror and a slit; the other path of light beam split by the first dichroic mirror enters the second slit, is reflected by the reflecting mirror and enters the Dyson lens, and is subjected to spectral dispersion by the concave diffraction grating on the surface of the correcting lens to form a spectrum, and the dispersed spectrum is reflected by the correcting lens and then received by the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral meter by the Dyson lens;
The long-wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a fourth imaging optical group and a long-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument, and the fourth imaging optical group and the third imaging optical group are identical in structure.
Further, the long-wave infrared hyperspectral component is arranged in the first vacuum refrigeration dewar component through the red copper metal plate, and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral component is arranged in the second vacuum refrigeration dewar component through the red copper metal plate.
Further, the heights of the left and right regions gradually decrease from near the middle region to far from the middle region.
Further, the left area is provided with N second reinforcing ribs perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs, so that the left area is divided into N+1 units; the height of the second reinforcing ribs is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs.
Further, the middle area is also provided with two third reinforcing ribs which are perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs and are parallel to each other, the two third reinforcing ribs are respectively positioned at two sides of the mounting hole of the lens group, and the height of the third reinforcing ribs is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs; a plurality of fourth reinforcing ribs are arranged between the mirror group mounting holes and the first reinforcing ribs and between the mirror group mounting holes and the third reinforcing ribs.
Further, the lens group mounting hole is a step hole, a big hole of the step hole is formed in the front face of the substrate, a small hole of the step hole is formed in the back face of the substrate, and a plurality of fifth reinforcing ribs are arranged between the wall of the big hole of the step hole and the bottom of the hole along the circumferential direction.
Further, the heights of the groove walls of all the triangular weight-reducing grooves are lower than the height of the first reinforcing ribs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. The main supporting structure is made of the SiC material, the SiC material has the characteristics of high specific stiffness, high heat conductivity, good heat stability, moderate heat expansion coefficient and isotropy, the design of the SiC supporting substrate can realize the homogeneous design of the mirror body and the supporting structure, the stress and deformation between the structures are reduced, the structural deformation and the surface shape change caused by different heat expansion coefficients of the material are avoided, the change of temperature can be well adapted, and the imaging quality of an optical system is ensured; in addition, one surface of the substrate is a plane, a plurality of optical loads are conveniently carried, convenience in adjustment among the plurality of loads can be achieved, the full-color, visible near-infrared spectrum, short-wave infrared spectrum, medium-wave infrared spectrum and long-wave infrared spectrum space information images and full-color/spectrum image pictures of a ground target are obtained, the same support design of 6 total optical loads in all wave bands can be achieved, in addition, the weight-reducing triangular groove design and the arrangement of reinforcing ribs are adopted on one surface of the support substrate, and the design requirements of high rigidity and high stability of the loads can be met.
2. The heights of the left area and the right area of the front surface of the substrate gradually decrease from the area close to the middle area to the area far away from the middle area, and the weight of the product can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the integral strength.
3. The reinforcing ribs are arranged on the front surface of the substrate, so that the high stability of the substrate is improved.
4. The lens group mounting hole is a step hole, so that the optical lens assembly is convenient to mount.
5. The invention has the advantages that the optical component mounting interfaces are arranged on the two end surfaces of the middle area, so that the multi-load mounting can be realized.
6. The substrate has higher rigidity and higher structural fundamental frequency, and can reach more than 200 Hz.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a light path diagram of the heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a main support structure in an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a primary support structure in an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a primary support structure in an optical system of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
1-back, 2-front, 21-left area, 22-middle area, 23-right area, 24-lens group mounting holes;
3-a triangle weight reduction groove; 4-first reinforcing ribs, 5-second reinforcing ribs, 6-third reinforcing ribs, 7-fourth reinforcing ribs, 8-fifth reinforcing ribs and 9-optical component mounting interfaces;
10-a main supporting structure of the device,
11-A front telescope system, 111-a main reflector, 112-a secondary reflector, 113-a truss frame and 114-a truss rod; 121-folding axis mirror, 122-third mirror, 123-focusing mirror, 141-first slit, 142-spherical mirror, 143-first rectangular curved prism, 144-second rectangular curved prism, 145-first rectangular curved reflecting prism, 146-second rectangular curved reflecting prism, 151-Dyson lens, 152-correction lens, 153-mirror, 154-second slit, 17-first full color imaging component, 18-first dichroic mirror, 20-second full color imaging component, 25-second dichroic mirror, 26-short wave infrared hyperspectral, 27-medium wave infrared hyperspectral, 28-visible light hyperspectral, 29-long wave infrared hyperspectral, 30-bipod support leg, 31-first beam, 32-second beam.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The embodiment provides a novel supporting mode of a substrate type large-caliber optical system based on SiC materials, can realize the homogenization design of a large-caliber lens body and a supporting structural member, ensures the high stability of an optical system, ensures the detection precision of the optical system, and can realize the same supporting design of 6 total optical loads in all wave bands.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a large-caliber full-spectrum hyperspectral load high-stability detection system comprises a main support structure 10, a front telescope system 11, a three-lens group system and a full-spectrum hyperspectral instrument system; the front telescope system 11 is arranged on the front surface 2 of the substrate, and the three lens group systems are arranged on the back surface 1 of the substrate and are used for reflecting the light beams output by the front telescope system 11 and dividing the light beams into two paths; the full-spectrum hyperspectral system is used for relaying and zooming light rays reflected by the three-mirror system, and obtaining space information images and full-color/spectrum image images of full-color, visible near-infrared spectrum, short-wave infrared spectrum, medium-wave infrared spectrum and long-wave infrared spectrum of a ground target after color separation, so that the same support design of 6 total optical loads in full-wave bands can be realized.
Main supporting structure
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, siC materials have the characteristics of high specific stiffness, large thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, moderate thermal expansion coefficient, isotropy, and the like, and the lightweight optical mirror 153 is mostly made of sintered silicon carbide. The homogeneous design reduces stress and deformation between structures by using sintered silicon carbide as the load main support structure 10, which is advantageous for ensuring surface shape accuracy and overall stability of the mirror 153. Therefore, the Si C material is selected to be applied to the main support structure 10 of the remote sensing camera in this embodiment, so as to meet the requirement of high weight and light weight of the main support structure 10. The Si C material has high specific stiffness, and has outstanding advantages in mechanical property and thermal property, so that the weight of the structure can be reduced, the deformation resistance of the structure under complex working conditions is improved, and the overall stability of the structure is ensured.
The main support structure 10 includes a substrate made of a sintered Si C material; the front surface 2 of the substrate is divided into a left area 21, a middle area 22 and a right area 23 by two first reinforcing ribs 4 which are parallel to each other; a lens group mounting hole 24 is formed in the middle of the middle area 22, and a plurality of triangular weight-reducing grooves 3 are formed in the parts outside the lens group mounting hole 24; the left area 21 and the right area 23 have the same structure and are symmetrically distributed by the middle area 22, the left area 21 and the right area 23 are respectively provided with a plurality of triangular weight-reducing grooves 3, the heights of the triangular weight-reducing grooves 3 are lower than those of the first reinforcing ribs 4, the triangular weight-reducing grooves 3 on the front surface 2 of the substrate achieve light weight design and arrangement of the first reinforcing ribs 4, and the design requirements of high rigidity and high stability of load can be met through theoretical calculation simulation; the reverse side 1 of base plate is a plane, is equipped with a plurality of screw holes that are used for installing optical subassembly (optical load) on it, and a plurality of screw holes are all offered on triangle-shaped subtracts heavy groove 3's cell wall, and the reverse side 1 of base plate can bear a plurality of optical load, installs the convenience of transferring between a plurality of loads, realizes the same support design of 6 total optical loads of full wave band.
In the main support structure 10 of the present embodiment, the heights of the left and right regions 21, 23 gradually decrease from being close to the intermediate region 22 to being far from the intermediate region 22; the left area 21 is provided with 2 second reinforcing ribs 5 perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs 4, so that the left area 21 is divided into units, the 2 second reinforcing ribs 5 are uniformly distributed in the left area 21, and the height of the second reinforcing ribs 5 is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs 4; the middle area 22 is also provided with two third reinforcing ribs 6 which are perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs 4 and are parallel to each other, the two third reinforcing ribs 6 are respectively positioned at two sides of the mirror group mounting hole 24, and the height of the third reinforcing ribs 6 is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs 4; a plurality of fourth reinforcing ribs 7, preferably 6, are arranged among the lens group mounting holes 24, the first reinforcing ribs 4 and the third reinforcing ribs 6, and the 6 fourth reinforcing ribs 7 are distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' at the periphery of the lens group mounting holes 24;
In order to facilitate the installation of the optical lens on the lens set installation hole 24, the lens set installation hole 24 is a step hole, a big hole of the step hole is positioned on the front surface 2 of the substrate, a small hole of the step hole is positioned on the back surface 1 of the substrate, a plurality of fifth reinforcing ribs 8 are arranged in the big hole of the step hole along the circumferential direction, preferably six fifth reinforcing ribs 8 are arranged, the vertical section of each fifth reinforcing rib 8 is a right triangle, and two right angle sides of the right triangle are fixedly connected with the substrate outside the big hole of the step hole.
The invention has the function of realizing multi-load installation by arranging the optical component installation interfaces 9 on both end surfaces of the middle area 22, arranging the front mirror system on the front end surface and arranging each optical load module on the rear end.
A plurality of optical component mounting interfaces 9 are arranged on the middle area 22 of the embodiment and perpendicular to the two end faces of the first reinforcing rib 4; the second reinforcing ribs 5 and the third reinforcing ribs 6 are arranged at positions which coincide with the groove walls of the triangular weight-reducing grooves 3.
Front telescope system
The front telescope system 11 is arranged on the front surface 2 of the substrate and comprises a main reflector 111, a secondary reflector 112 and a truss assembly; the main reflecting mirror 111 is arranged at the position of the mirror group mounting hole 24, and a light passing hole is formed in the middle of the main reflecting mirror 111; the secondary reflector 112 is coaxially fixed above the primary reflector 111 through the truss assembly, and the incident light beam sequentially passes through the light hole after being reflected by the primary reflector 111 and the secondary reflector 112.
The primary and secondary mirrors 112 have stability indices of less than 5 μm and 2 μm in the radial and axial directions, respectively, and the pre-telescope system 11 employs a high stability space truss structure on the overall support structure. For the large-caliber main reflector 111 with the diameter phi 1420mm, a lightweight SiC material is adopted, and a back three-point support mode is combined, so that the design of high surface precision and high lightweight rate (86%) of the main reflector 111 is finally realized; the secondary reflector 112 is made of SiC material, and is supported by Bipod side edges with higher stability on a supporting structure, so that the surface shape and the thermal environmental stability index of the optical requirement are finally met.
The light-transmitting aperture of the main reflector 111 is phi 1400mm, and the surface accuracy RMS of the mirror blank in the horizontal state of the optical axis is less than or equal to lambda/60. Main reflector 111 assembly under the conditions of 1g gravity and 4 ℃ temperature change load, the surface shape precision RMS of main reflector 111 is less than or equal to lambda/40 (lambda=632.8 nm), and the first-order natural frequency of main reflector 111 assembly is more than or equal to 100Hz. The diameter-thickness ratio of the main reflector 111 is about 11:1, and the center thickness is 135mm; the structure is in a back partial opening type structure, and the light weight design mainly comprising the triangular light weight holes is adopted.
Design parameters of primary mirror 111
The support of the main mirror 111 adopts a laminated back 3-point support mode, and the back three support points are designed on a distribution circle with the optical axis of the main mirror 111 as the center and the diameter phi 920mm (0.65D). The support structure adopts a tripod separated flexible hinge structure.
The secondary reflector 112 adopts a back semi-closed structure, adopts a three-group bipod side support scheme fixing mode, the clear aperture of the secondary reflector 112 structure is phi 357mm, the curvature radius is 962.5mm, and the surface accuracy RMS of the mirror blank in the optical axis horizontal state is less than or equal to lambda/60.
The truss assembly comprises a truss frame 113 for mounting the secondary reflector 112 and a truss rod 114 for fixing the truss frame, wherein carbon fibers (T800) are selected for the truss frame so as to meet the requirement of higher structural stability of the truss frame. The truss rods 114 are made of carbon fiber (M40J) composite materials with ultra-low expansion performance, and the ultra-high precision requirements of the mutual space positions of optical elements in the optical system are ensured through linear expansion matching design.
Three-lens system
The three-lens system is arranged on the back surface 1 of the substrate and is used for reflecting the light beam output by the front telescope system 11 and dividing the light beam into two paths, namely a first light beam 31 and a second light beam 32; the three-lens system comprises two groups of three-lens systems symmetrically arranged along the axis of the light passing hole, wherein one three-lens system outputs a first light beam 31, and the other three-lens system outputs a second light beam 32; each group of three-mirror system comprises a folding axis mirror 121, a third mirror 122 and a focusing mirror 123 which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction.
The three-mirror group system adopts a total reflection design, each mirror 153 is made of sintered SiC material, one side is provided with one or more supporting points through the periphery, the mirror 153 and the mirror frame are bonded and fixed, and the mirror group is bonded through an adhesive layer.
Full spectrum hyperspectral instrument system
The full spectrum hyperspectral system is arranged on the reverse side 1 of the substrate and comprises a first imaging unit and a second imaging unit, the first imaging unit comprises a first relay zoom lens group, a first full-color imaging assembly 17, a first dichroic mirror 18, a short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, a long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and a first vacuum refrigerating Dewar assembly, a part of light beams of the first light beam 31 are received by the first full-color imaging assembly 17, after the rest of light beams are reflected by the first relay zoom lens group, reflected light beams passing through the first dichroic mirror 18 are received by the short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, transmitted light beams are received by the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly is arranged in the first vacuum refrigerating Dewar assembly;
The second imaging unit comprises a second relay zoom lens group, a second full-color imaging component 20, a second dichroic mirror 25, a visible light hyperspectral component, a medium wave infrared hyperspectral component and a second vacuum refrigerating Dewar component, a part of light beams of the second light beam 32 are received by the second full-color imaging component 20, the rest of light beams are reflected by the second relay zoom lens group, reflected light beams passing through the second dichroic mirror 25 are received by the visible light hyperspectral component, transmitted light beams are received by the medium wave infrared hyperspectral component, and the medium wave infrared hyperspectral component is arranged in the second vacuum refrigerating Dewar component.
The first relay zoom lens group comprises four reflectors and a dichroic mirror, light beams are reflected by the four reflectors in sequence and used for relay zoom of the light beams reflected by the three-reflector system so as to adapt to hyperspectral imaging unit systems of different spectral bands matched at the rear end, and the zoomed light beams are split by the dichroic mirror and are divided into two paths to respectively enter hyperspectral imaging unit systems of different wavebands.
The visible light and short wave infrared hyperspectral components adopt an Offner dispersion imaging system based on a Frery curved prism so as to realize dispersion splitting and imaging. The visible light hyperspectral component comprises a first slit 141, a spherical reflecting mirror 142, a first rectangular curved prism 143, a second rectangular curved prism 144, a first rectangular curved reflecting prism 145 and a second rectangular curved reflecting prism 146; one of the light beams split by the dichroic mirror enters the first slit 141, is transmitted by the first rectangular curved prism 143, is reflected by the first rectangular curved prism 145, is transmitted by the first rectangular curved prism 143, is reflected by the spherical mirror 142, is transmitted by the second rectangular curved prism 144, is reflected by the second rectangular curved prism 146, is transmitted by the second rectangular curved prism 144, and is received by the visible light hyperspectral meter 28. The short-wave infrared hyperspectral component and the visible light hyperspectral component have the same structures except that a short-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument 25 is selected as a spectrometer. Compared with the common imaging lens system, in the component, all optical parts are space elements and have no common rotating shaft, the design is considered according to 6 degrees of freedom of each part and 36 degrees of freedom in total, and a supporting mode of adhering and fixing the periphery of the lens body is adopted in the structural design.
The medium-wave infrared hyperspectral component and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral component both adopt Dyson optical imaging systems and both comprise an optical system and a hyperspectral instrument; the optical system is mainly composed of 5 optical lenses including a concave diffraction grating, a Dyson lens 151, a correction lens 152, a reflecting mirror 153, and a second slit 154. The hyperspectral devices are a medium-wave infrared hyperspectral device 27 and a long-wave infrared hyperspectral device 29 respectively, light rays from the dichroic mirror enter a slit system, then are reflected by a reflecting mirror and enter a Dyson lens, after passing through a correcting lens, spectral dispersion is carried out on a concave diffraction grating to form a spectrum, and the dispersed spectrum sequentially passes through the correcting mirror and the Dyson lens and then is subjected to spectral imaging on an infrared detector.
The medium-wavelength and long-wavelength hyperspectral meters adopt a full-light path refrigeration design, and an optical system is integrally arranged in the vacuum low-temperature dewar so as to reduce the influence of the heat radiation noise of the optical machine passing through the surface background. In the structural design, the Dyson optical imaging system component is integrally installed on a red copper metal plate with good heat conduction performance as an independent module according to the position degree requirement of an optical system, a titanium alloy substrate is designed at the lower part of the red copper metal plate with large on-line expansion coefficient, on one hand, the characteristic of low linear expansion coefficient of titanium alloy is utilized to ensure the relative stability of the position after the temperature is widely changed, on the other hand, the characteristic of low heat conductivity of titanium alloy is utilized to increase the heat resistance between an optical refrigerating body and a vacuum box body, reduce the heat conduction, and the optical system can carry out the adjustment of the optical performance on the metal substrate. The periphery of the optical system is provided with a radiation-proof screen with a metal protective cover as an inner layer, and the surface of the radiation-proof screen is coated with a plurality of layers of heat insulation materials and film materials with good light reflection, so that heat radiation exchange between the low-temperature vacuum box body and the optical system due to the existence of temperature difference is isolated. The optical component is connected with the low-temperature vacuum box body as a whole through a supporting frame structure with good heat insulation effect, and the good heat insulation frame ensures the low-temperature stability requirement of the infrared optical system. In order to realize the support and clamping of each optical element at low temperature, and simultaneously consider the requirements of adjustable and thermal stability, the optical lens structure support design adopts a flexible support design, and the optical imaging requirement of the long-wave infrared system is met through reasonable layout of the structure and reasonable design of materials.
Finite element simulation analysis verification of main support substrate
In order to verify the design state of the SiC main support substrate, finite element simulation analysis and verification are carried out on the substrate, and the free mode and the gravity deformation condition of the main support substrate are studied. The parameters of the designed SiC materials are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 Material Properties
By analysis, the first ten-order modes of the main support substrate are extracted, the mode analysis is shown in table 2, the fundamental frequency of the part is 206.8Hz, and the large-size main support substrate has higher structural rigidity and can meet the support of optical load.
Table 2 modal analysis results
And carrying out statics simulation analysis by applying self gravity load to the main support substrate in the normal direction to obtain the deformation condition of the main support substrate under the gravity load condition. Maximum deformation of 0.007mm occurs at the upper and lower positions of the center, the deformation amount gradually decreases towards the two sides, the deformation of the main mirror mounting position of the front surface 22 is 0.0037mm, the deformation of the optical component mounting platform of the back surface 11 is 0.0018mm, and the position dimensional precision between the carried loads can be met.
In the optical system of this embodiment, on the overall layout of the structure, a sintered SiC bearing substrate is used as a support, and the front telescope system 11, the three-mirror group system and the full spectrum hyperspectral system are respectively installed on two sides of the main support structure 10, and the whole is connected with the satellite platform through bipod support legs 30. In order to complete the support and clamping of each mirror body and simultaneously consider the functional requirements of high rigidity, light weight and easy assembly, the optical machine materials of each module adopt novel low-density high-rigidity and high-thermal stability materials such as SiC, carbon fiber and titanium alloy, the overall design of the structure adopts flexible support design, multiple degree of freedom adjustment measures are provided, and the requirements of high rigidity, light weight and high thermal stability of the main structure are met through reasonable layout and design of the structure.
Claims (8)
1. A heavy-calibre full spectral band hyperspectral load high stability detecting system, its characterized in that: comprises a main supporting structure (10), a front telescope system (11), a three-lens group system and a full-spectrum hyperspectral instrument system;
the main support structure (10) comprises a substrate made of SiC material;
the front surface (2) of the base plate is divided into a left area (21), a middle area (22) and a right area (23) by two first reinforcing ribs (4) which are parallel to each other;
a lens group mounting hole (24) is formed in the middle of the middle area (22), and a plurality of triangular weight-reducing grooves (3) are formed in the parts outside the lens group mounting hole (24);
the left area (21) and the right area (23) have the same structure and are symmetrically distributed by the middle area (22), and the left area (21) and the right area (23) are provided with a plurality of triangular weight-reducing grooves (3);
the back surface (1) of the base plate is a plane, a plurality of threaded holes for installing optical components are formed in the back surface, and the threaded holes are formed in the groove wall of the triangular weight-reducing groove (3);
the front telescope system (11) is arranged on the front surface of the substrate and comprises a main reflector (111), a secondary reflector (112) and a truss assembly; the main reflector (111) is arranged at the position of the mounting hole of the lens group, and a light passing hole is formed in the middle of the main reflector (111); the secondary reflector (112) is coaxially fixed above the main reflector (111) through the truss assembly, and an incident light beam sequentially passes through the light passing hole after being reflected by the main reflector (111) and the secondary reflector (112);
The three-lens system is arranged on the back surface of the substrate, and is used for reflecting the light beams output by the secondary reflecting mirror (112) and converting the light beams into two paths, namely a first light beam (31) and a second light beam (32);
The full-spectrum hyperspectral system is arranged on the reverse side of the substrate and comprises a first imaging unit and a second imaging unit, the first imaging unit comprises a first relay zoom lens group, a first full-color imaging assembly (17), a first dichroic mirror (18), a short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, a long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and a first vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly, one part of light beams of the first light beam (31) enter the first full-color imaging assembly (17), the other part of light beams are subjected to relay zoom through the first relay zoom lens group, then subjected to color separation through the first dichroic mirror (18) and are divided into two paths, and respectively enter the short-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly, and the long-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly is arranged in the first vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly;
the second imaging unit comprises a second relay zoom lens group, a second full-color imaging assembly (20), a second dichroic mirror (25), a visible light hyperspectral assembly, a medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly and a second vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly, a part of light beams of the second light beam (32) are received by the second full-color imaging assembly (20), and after the rest part of light beams are relayed and zoomed through the second relay zoom lens group, the light beams are separated by the second dichroic mirror (25) and are divided into two paths, and the two paths enter the visible light hyperspectral assembly and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly respectively, and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral assembly is arranged in the second vacuum refrigeration dewar assembly;
The visible light hyperspectral component and the short wave infrared hyperspectral component both adopt an Offner dispersion imaging system based on a Frery curved prism,
The visible light hyperspectral component comprises a first imaging optical group and a visible light hyperspectral meter (28);
The first imaging optical group comprises a first slit (141), a spherical reflecting mirror (142), a first rectangular curved prism (143), a second rectangular curved prism (144), a first rectangular curved reflecting prism (145) and a second rectangular curved reflecting prism (146);
One path of light beams split by the first dichroic mirror (18) sequentially passes through the first slit (141) and the first rectangular curved surface prism (143) and then is reflected by the first rectangular curved surface reflecting prism (145) to form first reflected light;
The first reflected light is transmitted through a first rectangular curved prism (143) and then reflected by a spherical reflector (142) to form second reflected light;
the second reflected light is transmitted through the second rectangular curved prism (144) and then reflected by the second rectangular curved reflecting prism (146), and is received by the visible light hyperspectral instrument (28) after being transmitted through the second rectangular curved prism (144);
the short-wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a second imaging optical group and a short-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument (26), and the second imaging optical group is identical in structure with the first imaging optical group;
the intermediate wave infrared hyperspectral component and the long wave infrared hyperspectral component both adopt Dyson optical imaging systems,
The medium wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a third imaging optical group and a medium wave infrared hyperspectral instrument (27);
the third imaging optical group comprises a concave diffraction grating, a Dyson lens (151), a correction lens (152), a reflecting mirror (153) and a slit;
The other path of light beam split by the first dichroic mirror (18) enters the second slit (154), is reflected by the reflecting mirror (153) and enters the Dyson lens (151), is subjected to spectral dispersion by the concave diffraction grating on the surface of the correcting lens (152) to form a spectrum, and after being reflected by the correcting lens (152), the dispersed spectrum is received by the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument (27) by the Dyson lens (151);
the long-wave infrared hyperspectral component comprises a fourth imaging optical group and a long-wave infrared hyperspectral instrument (29), and the fourth imaging optical group and the third imaging optical group are identical in structure.
2. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 1, wherein:
The three-lens system comprises two groups of three-lens systems symmetrically arranged along the axis of the light transmission hole;
Each group of three-mirror system comprises a folding axis mirror (121), a third mirror (122) and a focusing mirror (123), and the light beams are reflected by the folding axis mirror (121), the third mirror (122) and the focusing mirror (123) in sequence.
3. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 2, wherein:
The long-wave infrared hyperspectral component is arranged in the first vacuum refrigeration dewar component through a red copper metal plate, and the medium-wave infrared hyperspectral component is arranged in the second vacuum refrigeration dewar component through a red copper metal plate.
4. A heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 3 wherein: the heights of the left area (21) and the right area (23) gradually decrease from being close to the middle area (22) to being far away from the middle area (22).
5. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 4, wherein:
N second reinforcing ribs (5) perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs (4) are arranged on the left area (21), so that the left area (21) is divided into N+1 units;
The height of the second reinforcing ribs (5) is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs (4).
6. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 5, wherein:
The middle area (22) is also provided with two mutually parallel third reinforcing ribs (6) perpendicular to the first reinforcing ribs (4), the two third reinforcing ribs (6) are respectively positioned at two sides of the mirror group mounting hole (24), and the height of the third reinforcing ribs (6) is equal to that of the first reinforcing ribs (4);
A plurality of fourth reinforcing ribs (7) are arranged between the mirror group mounting holes (24) and the first reinforcing ribs (4) and between the mirror group mounting holes and the third reinforcing ribs (6).
7. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
the lens group mounting hole (24) is a step hole, a big hole of the step hole is positioned on the front surface (2) of the substrate, a small hole of the step hole is positioned on the back surface (1) of the substrate, and a plurality of fifth reinforcing ribs (8) are arranged between the wall of the big hole of the step hole and the bottom of the hole along the circumferential direction.
8. The heavy caliber full spectrum hyperspectral load high stability detection system according to claim 7, wherein:
The heights of the groove walls of all the triangular weight-reducing grooves (3) are lower than the height of the first reinforcing ribs (4).
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| CN111308679A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Multifunctional main optical system and design method |
| CN111007113B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-09-01 | 湖南城市学院 | Optimized design method for metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor structure |
| CN111221095A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-02 | 季华实验室 | Space optical remote sensor |
| CN111308644A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-19 | 季华实验室 | Silicon carbide reflector |
| CN111579070A (en) * | 2020-05-17 | 2020-08-25 | 北京安洲科技有限公司 | Implementation method of full-waveband hyperspectral imaging system |
| CN112013954B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2024-08-02 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Curved prism-based offner hyperspectral imaging system |
| CN112083546B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Flexible supporting device and method for adjusting square curved prism by using same |
| CN112666675A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-16 | 长光卫星技术有限公司 | High-stability light and small off-axis three-mirror main support structure |
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