CN110184425B - High-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method - Google Patents

High-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method Download PDF

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CN110184425B
CN110184425B CN201910548774.0A CN201910548774A CN110184425B CN 110184425 B CN110184425 B CN 110184425B CN 201910548774 A CN201910548774 A CN 201910548774A CN 110184425 B CN110184425 B CN 110184425B
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annealing furnace
annealing
steps
furnace
following
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CN110184425A (en
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赵关祥
陈雪军
陈国芳
沈高飞
朱瑞生
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Zhejiang Rixing Standard Parts Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0093Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method for a high-strength fastener. The method can fully spheroidize, and the carbide after annealing has good shape and small size, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the strength of the fastener to be processed, and the method has simple process and convenient use. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: preheating to 300 ℃; II, secondly: heating to 630 ℃ for one time, and keeping the temperature at 630 ℃ for 90 min; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: heating to 745 +/-5 ℃ for the second time, and keeping the temperature at 745 +/-5 ℃ for 300 min; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: cooling to 700 +/-5 ℃ in primary annealing, and preserving heat for 60min at the temperature of 700 +/-5 ℃; fifthly: secondary annealing and cooling to 650 ℃; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out third annealing and cooling to 550 ℃; seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: and introducing high-purity nitrogen into the annealing furnace, rapidly cooling to below 80 ℃, and taking out the part and naturally cooling to normal temperature.

Description

High-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fastener processing technologies, in particular to an isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method for a high-strength fastener.
Background
In recent years, the cold extrusion process is rapidly developed due to the increase of nonstandard and special-shaped products in the fastener industry, and higher requirements are brought to softening treatment of the parts because of different specifications and shapes of the products, for example, common cold heading steel wires ML8Ae, ML10, ML15 or ML20 and the like require spheroidizing annealing to obtain a spherical carbide structure uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix; the spheroidized structure has low hardness and good plasticity, and is not easy to generate cracks during cold working or cold extrusion.
For example, chinese patent application No. CN108300847A, published in 2018, 07, 20, discloses an isothermal spheroidizing annealing furnace for processing an automobile bearing ring, which includes an annealing furnace body, a fixed plate is fixedly connected between two sides of an inner wall of the annealing furnace body, and two sides of a bottom of the fixed plate are both slidably connected with sliders, a bottom of each slider is fixedly connected with a nozzle, a top of the annealing furnace body is fixedly connected with a first motor through a support frame, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a threaded rod through a coupler, a bottom end of the threaded rod penetrates through the annealing furnace body and extends into the annealing furnace body, and one end of the threaded rod extending into the annealing furnace body is rotatably connected with a top of the fixed plate through.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of insufficient spheroidization, poor carbonized form of an annealed object and large carbide particle size of the existing fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing, and provides the high-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing cold heading forming method which can fully spheroidize, has good carbide form and small carbide size after annealing, further improves the strength of a fastener to be processed, and has simple process and convenient use.
The technical problem is solved by the following technical scheme:
a high-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method comprises the following steps: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the part to be processed is put into an annealing furnace in a layered mode, pure nitrogen is introduced to evacuate air in the annealing furnace, the annealing furnace is preheated to 300 ℃ after methanol cracking gas is introduced, and the methanol cracking gas can provide carbon content for the annealing furnace, so that the part to be processed can be austenitized conveniently; II, secondly: when the method is used, the temperature of the annealing furnace is raised to 630 ℃ once within 300 +/-50 min, the temperature is kept at 630 ℃ for 90min to austenitize the part, the austenitizing of the part can be more sufficient and complete under the sufficient time and temperature conditions, and the stability of carbide in the part can be improved conveniently; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace to 745 +/-5 ℃ for 105 +/-15 min for the second time, preserving the temperature at 745 +/-5 ℃ for 300min, and carrying out isothermal spheroidization, wherein more undissolved carbides are distributed under the condition of high-temperature preservation, the austenite crystal grains of carbon are smaller, the distribution of the carbon content is more uniform, the diffusion of the carbon in austenite is facilitated, and the spheroidization process is further facilitated; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out primary annealing cooling on the annealing furnace to 700 +/-5 ℃ in 105 +/-15 min, and carrying out heat preservation for 60min at the temperature of 700 +/-5 ℃; fifthly: the annealing furnace is annealed for the second time for 180 +/-30 min and cooled to 650 ℃; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: the annealing furnace is annealed for three times within 75 +/-15 min to 550 ℃, and the three times of annealing can effectively obtain better spheroidization quality and save the process time; seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: and introducing high-purity nitrogen into the annealing furnace, rapidly cooling to below 80 ℃, and taking out the part and naturally cooling to normal temperature.
Preferably, the flow value of the methanol cracking gas introduced in the first step is 10 +/-2L/hr. The annealing furnace is supplemented with the required carbon content.
Preferably, the nitrogen gas is introduced into the reaction system in the first step at a flow rate of 9. + -. 2Nm3(ii)/hr; the flow value of the introduced nitrogen in the step seven is 18 +/-2 Nm3And/hr. The small flow of nitrogen is filled, which is beneficial to air evacuation; the large flow of nitrogen is filled, which is beneficial to fast cooling.
Preferably, the top end of the annealing furnace is provided with a cover cap with an exhaust port, the cover cap and the annealing furnace form an internally sealed furnace chamber, a layered storage rack for placing parts to be processed is arranged in the furnace chamber, the outer surface of the annealing furnace is wrapped with a high-temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant protective layer, the right lower end of the annealing furnace is provided with an air inlet matched and connected with the exhaust port, an electric control valve is installed at the air inlet, a pressure detection rod is installed at the right upper end of the annealing furnace, the bottom of the annealing furnace is provided with a waste discharge port for discharging waste in the furnace, and the left end of the annealing furnace is provided with a. The fan structure is adopted, so that the operation of air evacuation in the step I can be facilitated, the uniformity of the temperature in the annealing furnace can be ensured, the austenitizing is facilitated to be more sufficient, and the spheroidizing process is more complete.
Preferably, an annular sealing element is arranged between the cover and the annealing furnace, an arc-shaped bulge is arranged at the bottom end of the cover, the bulge is in embedded matching connection with the sealing element, and the sealing element is in embedded matching connection with the annealing furnace.
Preferably, the sealing member includes a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion fixedly coupled to upper and lower ends of the fastening portion.
Preferably, the layered commodity shelf comprises a support column matched and connected with the installation base, a plurality of uniformly distributed commodity platforms are arranged on the support column, and the commodity platforms are fixedly connected to the support column through fixing pins.
Preferably, the fan comprises a motor with a reduction gearbox, a rotating shaft of the motor extends into the annealing furnace and is connected to the fan in a driving mode, and the rotating shaft is movably connected to the annealing furnace in a sealing mode through a bearing piece.
The invention can achieve the following effects:
the invention provides an isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method for a high-strength fastener, which can be used for fully spheroidizing, has good carbide form and small carbide size after annealing, further improves the strength of the fastener to be processed, and has the advantages of simple process and convenient use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of an overall process curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an overall structure of an annealing furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the cover according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a layered shelf according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: annealing stove 1, shroud 2, automatically controlled valve 3, layering supporter 4, fan 5, protective layer 11, furnace chamber 12, pressure detection pole 13, air inlet 14, exhaust opening 15, bearing piece 16, gas vent 17, arch 21, sealing member 22, first sealing portion 221, fastening portion 222, second sealing portion 223, support column 41, put thing platform 42, fixed pin 43, installation base 44, motor 51, reducing gear box 52, pivot 53, fan 54.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
The embodiment discloses a high-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method, which is shown in a figure 1 and comprises the following steps: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: placing the parts to be processed into an annealing furnace 1 in a layered mode, introducing pure nitrogen to empty the air in the furnace, and preheating the annealing furnace 1 to 300 ℃ after introducing methanol cracking gas; II, secondly: the temperature of the annealing furnace 1 is raised to 630 ℃ for 300 +/-50 min, and the temperature is kept at 630 ℃ for 90min to austenitize the part; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace 1 to 745 +/-5 ℃ for the second time within 105 +/-15 min, and keeping the temperature at 745 +/-5 ℃ for 300min for isothermal spheroidization; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out primary annealing cooling on the annealing furnace 1 to 700 +/-5 ℃ in 105 +/-15 min, and carrying out heat preservation for 60min at the temperature of 700 +/-5 ℃; fifthly: the annealing furnace 1 is annealed for the second time for 180 +/-30 min and cooled to 650 ℃; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out annealing for three times for the annealing furnace 1 within 75 +/-15 min to reduce the temperature to 550 ℃; seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: and introducing high-purity nitrogen into the annealing furnace 1, rapidly cooling to below 80 ℃, and taking out the parts and naturally cooling to normal temperature.
Referring to fig. 2, a cover 2 with an exhaust port 17 is installed at the top end of the annealing furnace 1, the cover 2 and the annealing furnace 1 form a furnace chamber 12 with a sealed inner part, a layered shelf 4 for placing parts to be processed is arranged in the furnace chamber 12, a high temperature and pressure resistant protective layer 11 wraps the outer surface of the annealing furnace 1, an air inlet 14 matched with the exhaust port 17 is arranged at the right lower end of the annealing furnace 1, an electric control valve 3 is installed at the air inlet 14, a pressure detection rod 13 is installed at the right upper end of the annealing furnace 1, a waste discharge port 15 for discharging waste in the furnace is arranged at the bottom of the annealing furnace 1, and a fan 5 matched with the annealing furnace 1 in an embedded manner is installed at the left end of.
Referring to fig. 3, an annular sealing member 22 is installed between the hood 2 and the annealing furnace 1, an arc-shaped protrusion 21 is arranged at the bottom end of the hood 2, the protrusion 21 is in embedded fit connection with the sealing member 22, and the sealing member 22 is in embedded fit connection with the annealing furnace 1.
Referring to fig. 4, the sealing member 22 includes a first sealing portion 221 and a second sealing portion 223 fixedly coupled to upper and lower ends of a fastening portion 222.
Referring to fig. 5, the layered shelf 4 includes a supporting column 41 adapted to a mounting base 44, a plurality of object placing tables 42 are uniformly distributed on the supporting column 41, and the object placing tables 42 are fixedly connected to the supporting column 41 by fixing pins 43.
Referring to fig. 6, the fan 5 comprises a motor 51 with a reduction box 52, a rotating shaft 53 of the motor 51 extends into the annealing furnace 1 and is connected with a fan 54 in a driving way, and the rotating shaft 53 is movably connected with the annealing furnace 1 in a sealing way through a bearing piece 16.
In this example, the flow rate of the cracked methanol gas in the first step is 10. + -. 2L/hr. The flow value of the nitrogen introduced in the step one is 9 +/-2 Nm3(ii)/hr; the flow value of the introduced nitrogen in the step seven is 18 +/-2 Nm3/hr。
According to the embodiment of the invention, the strength of the fastener to be processed is improved once by preheating at 300 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 630 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 90min, so that the fastener to be processed is austenitized, and the advance preparation for spheroidization is facilitated; and then heating to 745 +/-5 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 300min to fully spheroidize the fastener to be processed, and then cooling and annealing for three times to ensure that the carbide after annealing has good shape and small size, thereby improving the strength of the fastener to be processed.
The invention provides an isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method for a high-strength fastener, which can be used for fully spheroidizing, has good carbide form and small carbide size after annealing, further improves the strength of the fastener to be processed, and has the advantages of simple process, convenience in use and high reliability.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the implementation is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A high-strength fastener isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the part to be processed is put into an annealing furnace (1) in a layered mode, pure nitrogen is introduced to evacuate air in the furnace, and the annealing furnace (1) is preheated to 300 ℃ after methanol cracking gas is introduced; II, secondly: the annealing furnace (1) is heated to 630 ℃ for 300 +/-50 min for one time, and is kept at the temperature of 630 ℃ for 90min to austenitize the part; thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: heating the annealing furnace (1) for the second time to 745 +/-5 ℃ within 105 +/-15 min, and preserving the temperature at 745 +/-5 ℃ for 300min for isothermal spheroidization; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out primary annealing cooling on the annealing furnace (1) to 700 +/-5 ℃ in 105 +/-15 min, and carrying out heat preservation for 60min at the temperature of 700 +/-5 ℃; fifthly: the annealing furnace (1) is annealed for the second time for 180 +/-30 min and cooled to 650 ℃; sixthly, the method comprises the following steps: carrying out annealing for three times on the annealing furnace (1) for 75 +/-15 min until the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃; seventhly, the method comprises the following steps: introducing high-purity nitrogen into the annealing furnace (1), rapidly cooling to below 80 ℃, and taking out the parts and naturally cooling to normal temperature;
the top end of the annealing furnace (1) is provided with a cover (2) with an exhaust port (17), the cover (2) and the annealing furnace (1) form a furnace chamber (12) with a sealed inner part, a layered storage rack (4) for placing parts to be processed is arranged in the furnace chamber (12), the outer surface of the annealing furnace (1) is wrapped with a high-temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant protective layer (11), the right lower end of the annealing furnace (1) is provided with an air inlet (14) matched with the exhaust port (17), the air inlet (14) is provided with an electric control valve (3), the right upper end of the annealing furnace (1) is provided with a pressure detection rod (13), the bottom of the annealing furnace (1) is provided with a waste discharge port (15) for discharging waste in the furnace, and the left end of the annealing furnace (1) is provided with a fan (5) matched; an annular sealing element (22) is arranged between the cover (2) and the annealing furnace (1), an arc-shaped bulge (21) is arranged at the bottom end of the cover (2), the bulge (21) is in embedded matching connection with the sealing element (22), and the sealing element (22) is in embedded matching connection with the annealing furnace (1); the sealing member (22) includes a first sealing portion (221) and a second sealing portion (223) fixedly connected to upper and lower ends of the fastening portion (222).
2. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method of the high strength fastener according to claim 1, wherein the flow value of the introduced methanol cracking gas in the first step is 10 ± 2L/hr.
3. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method of high strength fastener according to claim 1, wherein the flow value of nitrogen introduced in the first step is 9 ± 2Nm3(ii)/hr; the flow value of the introduced nitrogen in the step seven is 18 +/-2 Nm3/hr。
4. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method for the high-strength fastener according to claim 1, wherein the layered rack (4) comprises a supporting column (41) matched with a mounting base (44), a plurality of uniformly distributed object placing tables (42) are arranged on the supporting column (41), and the object placing tables (42) are fixedly connected to the supporting column (41) through fixing pins (43).
5. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing cold heading forming method of the high-strength fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan (5) comprises a motor (51) with a reduction box (52), a rotating shaft (53) of the motor (51) extends into the annealing furnace (1) and is connected to a fan (54) in a driving way, and the rotating shaft (53) is movably connected to the annealing furnace (1) in a sealing way through a bearing piece (16).
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112195322A (en) * 2020-08-10 2021-01-08 杭州杭申节能炉窑有限公司 Zero-decarburization spheroidizing annealing heating process for cold forging steel SWCH35K
CN112553420A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-26 太仓富勒姆纳米新材料科技有限公司 Strong-convection spheroidizing annealing process for rivets for automobile bearing retainer

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JPS61264158A (en) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-22 Kobe Steel Ltd Low carbon steel bar or wire rod for cold forging
JPH05156321A (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-22 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg Co Ltd Water-atomized globular metal powder and production thereof
CN103014265A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-04-03 大连经济技术开发区圣洁真空技术开发有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing process for bearing steel
CN102994710A (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-03-27 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing process of superplasticity fastener wire rod
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CN104232858A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-12-24 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 Spheroidizing annealing technology of high-tenacity fastener wire rod
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CN108342561A (en) * 2018-04-20 2018-07-31 山翁工业炉(嘉善)有限公司 A kind of nodularization bell furnace without decarbonizing process using full nitrogen

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