CN110184263B - 一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球及其应用 - Google Patents
一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球及其应用,属于生物医学技术领域。目前研究细胞收缩力主要基于二维细胞模型,不能完全模拟肌细胞的在体环境,本发明提供了一种核壳结构的3D细胞微球,包括核层和壳层;核层为第一凝胶材料固化构成的球体,壳层为细胞和第二凝胶材料构成的包裹所述核层的外壳;壳层细胞搏动引起核层形变,通过观测核层形变,得到壳层细胞产生的作用力在核层上的分布情况;与2D细胞培养相比,3D细胞培养体系注重细胞间的接触及细胞‑基质间的接触,更接近于生物体的生长环境,可以作为疾病研究细胞模型和药物筛选模型的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学领域,尤其涉及一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球及其应用。
背景技术
细胞是组成生物体结构和功能的基本单元,是生命活动的基本单位,是展现生命状态全部特点的最小实体,人体的任何生命活动都和细胞息息相关。细胞力学特性与细胞生命活动,组织、器官、机体生理过程有密切联系。因此,通过定量细胞在力学特性上的变化,可帮助人类更好的认识细胞的生命过程和调控机制,也可以起到药物筛选和疾病诊断的作用。
近年,肌细胞收缩伴随的细胞力学性能测定逐渐成为研究热点,收缩力是肌细胞最具代表性的功能,因其能够对内外源刺激做出反应,可作为预示健康和疾病的重要指标。因此,开发准确度高、灵敏度高、可靠性强的先进的细胞力学测量技术是开展相关研究的重要前提。
目前研究细胞收缩力主要基于二维细胞模型,例如将细胞培养在凝胶表面通过观察凝胶内颗粒的位移来表征由细胞牵引力引起的凝胶基底变形,进而计算出细胞的牵引力;或者将细胞培养在微柱阵列之间,通过观察细胞的牵引力引起的微柱弯曲情况推算细胞牵引力的大小。然而,细胞的生长受到众多因素的调节,传统的2D细胞培养不能完全模拟肌细胞的在体环境,在精确再现三维组织内细胞的连接和所处的微环境等方面也存在一些障碍。与2D细胞培养相比,3D细胞培养体系注重细胞间的接触及细胞-基质间的接触,更接近于生物体的生长环境,更适合于药物筛选、细胞培植等研究。因此,监测三维肌细胞团的力学性质及收缩频率将具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
研究细胞收缩力主要基于二维细胞模型,不能完全模拟肌细胞的在体环境,本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球及其应用。
本发明通过以下设计方案实现:
一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,包括核层和壳层;所述核层为第一凝胶材料固化构成的球体,壳层为细胞和第二凝胶材料构成的包裹所述核层的外壳;所述第二凝胶材料为明胶和谷氨酰胺转移酶的混合物、GelMA胶、Matrigel胶中的任意一种;所述细胞为心肌细胞、呼吸道平滑肌细胞、子宫平滑肌细胞中的任意一种;所述第一凝胶材料与第二凝胶材料不相溶。
优选的,所述核层直径为50-400μm,壳层厚度为50-200μm。
优选的,所述的第一凝胶材料中均匀分散有荧光物质,所述的荧光物质粒径为1-20μm。
进一步的,所述荧光物质为FITC、5-氨基荧光素、罗丹明、量子点、荧光上转换纳米颗粒中的任意一种。
优选的,所述细胞在第二凝胶材料中的含量为105-107个/mL。
优选的,所述监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球的制备方法如下:
将第一凝胶材料或者第一凝胶材料与荧光物质(油相量子点、油相荧光上转换纳米颗粒)的混合物作为核层液态材料;将细胞与第二凝胶材料的混合物作为壳层液态材料;所述第一凝胶材料为苯甲基硅油、重硅油中的任意一种与含氢硅油、乙烯基硅油、铂金催化剂组成的混合物;其中含氢硅油、乙烯基硅油、铂金催化剂在混合物中所占质量百分比分别为:5%-10%、10%-20%、0.5%-2%,余量为苯甲基硅油或重硅油;
核层液态材料和壳层液态材料分别从同轴喷头的内、外层挤出,利用电场或材料的自身重力使液态材料与喷头断离,落入与壳层液态材料不相溶的接收液中,液态材料逐渐固化,得到具有核壳结构的微球;所述接收液为粘度值200-2000cSt的硅油、矿物油、全氟烃油、氟化硅油中的任意一种。
优选的,所述监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球的制备方法如下:
将第一凝胶材料或者第一凝胶材料与荧光物质(FITC、5-氨基荧光素、罗丹明、氨基或羧基修饰的量子点、氨基或羧基修饰的荧光上转换纳米颗粒)连结形成的化合物作为核层液态材料;将细胞与第二凝胶材料的混合物作为壳层液态材料;所述的第一凝胶材料为琼脂糖、明胶和谷氨酰胺转移酶的混合液、GelMA胶中的任意一种;且与所述的第二凝胶材料不相溶;
将核层液态材料从微流控芯片的第一通道注入,将壳层液态材料从微流控芯片的两个第二通道注入,所述的两个第二通道分别位于第一通道的两侧,且两个第二通道与第一通道同一位置处的左右两侧连通;连通后的下游通道为第三通道;微流控芯片的第三通道形成夹层液流,在微流控芯片的第三通道出口处夹层液流被油相夹断,形成具有核壳结构的液滴,液态材料逐渐固化,得到具有核壳结构的微球。
进一步的,所述第一通道的流速为20μL/h,第二通道的流速为60μL/h,油相流速为180μL/h;所述油相为粘度值5-100cSt且含有表面活性剂3%-20%(Abil EM 90,PFPE-PEG,Span 80,Triton X-100,氟化表面活性剂)的矿物油、氟化硅油中的任意一种。
所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球作为疾病研究细胞模型的应用。通过调节第二凝胶材料的浓度制备不同硬度的壳层,模拟正常以及心梗后心肌细胞所处的基质环境的硬度,壳层细胞搏动引起核层形变,通过观测核层形变,得到壳层细胞产生的作用力在核层上的分布情况;通过持续的动态监测,根据核层形变或荧光信号随时间的变化,得到壳层细胞产生的作用力在时间上的分布;根据核层荧光信号的闪烁频率,得到壳层细胞的收缩频率。从而研究心梗后基质环境的硬度对心肌细胞的收缩力和搏动频率的影响。
所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球作为药物筛选模型的应用。研究不同剂量或不同种类的化疗药物对心肌细胞的收缩力和搏动频率的影响,并依据这些影响结果筛选出心肌毒性较小的药物剂量或种类。
本发明具有的有益效果:微球所用材料广泛,制备简单。以凝胶为基质,可以营造与细胞外基质接近的环境,为细胞的粘附、生长和增殖提供空间,具有良好的生物相容性。其核壳结构可以测量3D细胞的力学性质和收缩舒张频率,弥补了现有技术的不足,此核壳结构微球可用于检测药物或其它外界刺激对肌细胞搏动和收缩力的影响,通过调节壳层硬度,可以用于研究不同基底硬度对肌细胞搏动和收缩力的影响。与现有检测方法相比,本发明检测灵敏度高,可有效进行力学性质分析,在生物医药领域有极大的应用前景,可用于长时间连续监测3D细胞的力学性质和收缩频率;精确监测细胞群体收缩舒张力的大小和产生的力在空间和时间上的分布;通过调节壳层硬度,可以研究不同基底硬度对细胞力学性质的影响,还可用于筛药、疾病机理研究等。
附图说明
图1是本发明中的微球核壳结构示意图;
图2是制备核壳结构的微流控芯片实物图;
图3是制备得到的具有核壳结构的微球,内层为苯甲基硅油\含氢硅油、乙烯基硅油在铂金催化剂催化下交联形成的硅胶,外层为Gel-MA凝胶。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例一:
利用微流控芯片制备具有如图1所示的核壳结构的微球。首先配制核、壳层材料,核层材料为3%FITC标记的琼脂糖凝胶溶液;壳层材料为人多能干细胞诱导分化得到的心肌细胞(105个/mL)和Gel-MA凝胶溶液(4%,w/w)的混合液。使用注射泵将核、壳层材料分别通入如图2所示的微流控芯片的1、2通道,两种材料在在3形成夹层液流,在4处被油相夹断形成液滴,1、2通道处的液体流速分别为20微升/小时,60微升/小时,4通道处的油相速度为180微升/小时。收集液滴,放入37℃培养箱中孵育30min,待壳、核层凝胶固化后形成具有核壳结构的微球,弃去油相,分离出微球。微球实物如图3所示,核层直径为210微米,壳层厚度为90微米。
将得到的上述微球分成20等份放入用于细胞培养的48孔板中,加入含血清的培养基培养3天,每4个孔为一组,共5组,其中4组分别加入10μL不同浓度(0.5ng/ml,1ng/ml,4ng/ml,10ng/ml)的地高辛(Digoxin),将溶解地高辛的溶剂作为对照组加入第5组中,孵育5min,在荧光显微镜下观察当心肌细胞搏动时核层产生的形变,从而判断不同浓度的地高辛对心肌收缩力和搏动频率的影响。观察到当地高辛浓度为0.5ng/ml,1ng/ml,4ng/ml时,核层形变量依次增大,但当地高辛浓度为10ng/ml时,核层形变量明显变小,说明10ng/ml的地高辛对心肌细胞有明显毒性,而地高辛的最佳作用浓度为4ng/ml。
实施例二
利用同轴喷头制备具有核壳结构的微球。配制核、壳层材料,核层材料:80%(w/w)苯甲基硅油,12%乙烯基硅油,6%含氢硅油,1%铂金催化剂,1%CdSe量子点;壳层材料:人多能干细胞诱导分化得到的心肌细胞(106个/mL),明胶溶液(4%,w/w),谷氨酰胺转移酶(5mg/mL)。核、壳层材料分别从同轴喷头的内外层挤出,内、外层流速分别为40微升/小时,20微升/小时。施加3.5KV高压,使喷头的液滴与喷头断离,落入下方高粘度硅油中(粘度2000cst)。放入37℃培养箱中孵育30min,待壳层凝胶固化,弃去硅油,加培养基,离心分离出微球,加入含血清培养基中,在细胞培养箱中培养,1小时后核层材料固化。
通过调整壳层材料中明胶溶液的浓度(4%,6%,10%),制备出具有不同壳层硬度的核壳结构的微球。4%,6%,10%的明胶溶液成胶固化后的杨氏模量分别为4.6kPa,26kPa,41kPa。其中6%,10%的明胶溶液固化成胶后的杨氏模量与正常生理条件下和心梗后心肌细胞所处环境的杨氏模量接近。
培养3-6天,在荧光显微镜下观察当心肌细胞搏动时核层产生的形变,并计算出对应的受力大小。观察到4%,6%,10%的明胶对应的核壳结构微球中,核层形变依序减小,通过相应的体积模量计算得到的心肌细胞的作用力也依序减小,但搏动频率无明显变化。
因此,以此为模型可以研究不同的基底硬度对心肌细胞收缩力大小的影响,为更进一步理解心梗后心梗区域的纤维化带来的硬度增加对心肌细胞收缩力的影响提供合适的研究的工具。
实施例三
利用微流控芯片制备具有如图1所示的核壳结构的微球。首先配制核、壳层材料,核层材料为3%FITC标记的琼脂糖凝胶溶液;壳层材料为人多能干细胞诱导分化得到的心肌细胞(107个/mL)和明胶溶液(4%,w/w),谷氨酰胺转移酶(5mg/mL)的混合液。使用注射泵将核、壳层材料分别通入如图2所示的微流控芯片的1、2通道,两种材料在在3形成夹层液流,在4处被油相夹断形成液滴,1、2通道处的液体流速分别为10微升/小时,50微升/小时,4通道处的油相速度为200微升/小时。收集液滴,放入37℃培养箱中孵育30min,待壳、核层凝胶固化后形成具有核壳结构的微球,弃去油相,分离出微球。通过调整壳层材料中明胶溶液的浓度(4%,6%,10%),制备出具有不同壳层硬度的核壳结构的微球。4%,6%,10%的明胶溶液成胶固化后的杨氏模量分别为4.6kPa,26kPa,41kPa。其中6%,10%的明胶溶液固化成胶后的杨氏模量与正常生理条件下和心梗后心肌细胞所处环境的杨氏模量接近。
培养3-6天,在荧光显微镜下观察当心肌细胞搏动时核层产生的形变,并计算出对应的受力大小。从而以此为模型研究不同的基底硬度对心肌细胞收缩力大小的影响,为更进一步理解心梗后心梗区域的纤维化带来的硬度增加对心肌细胞收缩力的影响提供合适的研究的工具。
Claims (10)
1.一种监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,包括核层和壳层;所述核层为第一凝胶材料固化构成的球体,壳层为细胞和第二凝胶材料构成的包裹所述核层的外壳;所述第二凝胶材料为明胶和谷氨酰胺转移酶的混合物、GelMA胶、Matrigel胶中的任意一种;所述细胞为心肌细胞、呼吸道平滑肌细胞、子宫平滑肌细胞中的任意一种;所述第一凝胶材料与第二凝胶材料不相溶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,所述核层直径为50-400μm,壳层厚度为50-200μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,所述的第一凝胶材料中均匀分散有荧光物质,所述的荧光物质粒径为1-20μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,所述荧光物质为FITC、5-氨基荧光素、罗丹明、量子点、荧光上转换纳米颗粒中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,所述细胞在第二凝胶材料中的含量为105-107个/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于其制备方法如下:
将第一凝胶材料或者第一凝胶材料与荧光物质的混合物作为核层液态材料;将细胞与第二凝胶材料的混合物作为壳层液态材料;所述第一凝胶材料为苯甲基硅油、重硅油中的任意一种与含氢硅油、乙烯基硅油、铂金催化剂组成的混合物;其中含氢硅油、乙烯基硅油、铂金催化剂在混合物中所占质量百分比分别为:5%-10%、10%-20%、0.5%-2%,余量为苯甲基硅油或重硅油;
核层液态材料和壳层液态材料分别从同轴喷头的内、外层挤出,利用电场或材料的自身重力使液态材料与喷头断离,落入与壳层液态材料不相溶的接收液中,液态材料逐渐固化,得到具有核壳结构的微球;所述接收液为粘度值200-2000 cSt的硅油、矿物油、全氟烃油、氟化硅油中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于其制备方法如下:
将第一凝胶材料或者第一凝胶材料与荧光物质的混合物作为核层液态材料;将细胞与第二凝胶材料的混合物作为壳层液态材料;所述的第一凝胶材料为琼脂糖、明胶和谷氨酰胺转移酶的混合液、GelMA胶中的任意一种;且与所述的第二凝胶材料不相溶;
将核层液态材料从微流控芯片的第一通道注入,将壳层液态材料从微流控芯片的两个第二通道注入,所述的两个第二通道分别位于第一通道的两侧,且两个第二通道与第一通道同一位置处的左右两侧连通;连通后的下游通道为第三通道;
微流控芯片的第三通道形成夹层液流,在微流控芯片的第三通道出口处夹层液流被油相夹断,形成具有核壳结构的液滴,液态材料逐渐固化,得到具有核壳结构的微球。
8.根据权利要求7所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球,其特征在于,所述第一通道的流速为20 μL/h,第二通道的流速为60 μL/h,油相流速为180 μL/h;所述油相为粘度值5-100 cSt且含有表面活性剂的矿物油、氟化硅油中的任意一种。
9.权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球作为疾病研究细胞模型的应用。
10.权利要求1所述的监测肌细胞力学性质和收缩频率的核壳结构微球作为药物筛选模型的应用。
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