CN110181193B - Novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110181193B CN110181193B CN201910411545.4A CN201910411545A CN110181193B CN 110181193 B CN110181193 B CN 110181193B CN 201910411545 A CN201910411545 A CN 201910411545A CN 110181193 B CN110181193 B CN 110181193B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
Hair brushThe invention discloses a novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 4.0 to 6.0 percent of Mg; 1.0 to 4.5 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 1.0 percent of B; 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn; 0.05 to 0.25 percent of Cr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation process comprises the steps of smelting, continuous semi-solid rheologic extrusion, hot rolling and drawing, intermediate annealing, surface treatment and the like, and the wire diameter is finally preparedThe Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire has low crack sensitivity and higher strength. The invention can prepare the TiB with nanometer and submicron grade gradient scale2The granular aluminum-magnesium alloy welding wire can obviously improve the strength of a welded seam after welding, can obviously refine the structure of the welded seam and reduce the sensitivity of welding cracks, and can be used for welding high-strength and ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy structural parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy welding wire preparation, and particularly relates to a novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of good electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength-to-mass ratio, corrosion resistance, damage resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, automobiles, ships, pressure vessels, electronic and electric appliances, furniture and the like, and is one of the most widely applied metal materials in the industry at present. Inert gas shielded fusion welding (MIG welding and TIG welding) is a basic mode for realizing the connection of aluminum alloy structural materials, and is the most common connection mode used by the current industrial aluminum alloy materials.
The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is copper-containing 7000 series aluminum alloy (namely Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy) and is one of main structural materials in the aerospace field (such as large airplanes). From the development of the first generation of ultra-high strength 7000 series aluminum alloys (i.e.7075 alloys), 7475, 7050, 7150, 7055, 7085 and other series of ultra-high strength aluminum alloys were developed successively, and the nano second phase was mainly precipitated by aging to realize strengthening. The 7000 series aluminum alloy after solution aging heat treatment has the strength of over 500MPa basically, the highest strength of 7055, and the ultimate strength of nearly 800 MPa.
However, because the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy contains higher alloy elements and has greater hot cracking tendency, the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is more difficult to produce and manufacture, and cracks often appear particularly in the smelting and casting process. Because of the greater propensity for thermal cracking, ultra-high strength aluminum alloys are once considered to be fusion weldable unweldable alloys. However, with the advance of the lightweight process in many fields, because of the advantages of high strength-to-mass ratio and the like, the application field of the ultra-high strength aluminum alloy is gradually expanded from aerospace to other fields such as civilian use, weaponry and military industry, for example, the frame of a high-end bicycle for civilian use is 7075 alloy, and the shell of a torpedo in the military industry and weaponry use 7055 alloy. Therefore, the welding problem of the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy is the key for further application expansion.
Recently, a new method for realizing welding of ultra-high-strength 7075 aluminum alloy by injecting superfine nano TiC particles into an aluminum alloy welding wire is reported by the university of California in the top-level journal Nature Heteroshizi in the world, the method not only solves the problem that the 7075 alloy is easy to crack in the melting welding process, but also realizes higher weld joint strength, and a brand new thought is provided for welding of the ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy. However, the preparation of ultrafine nano (below 10 nm) TiC particles and how to add the nano particles into the aluminum alloy welding wire are key core technologies involved in the method and are still in the confidentiality stage.
Aiming at the problems of easy generation of cracks and weld strength in high-strength and ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy welding, the invention develops a new method, invents a novel aluminum alloy welding wire with a multi-way composite enhancement effect and an obvious grain refinement effect and a preparation method thereof, and the aluminum alloy welding wire contains nano, submicron and gradient scales of TiB2The particles have excellent comprehensive properties such as high weld strength, low welding hot crack sensitivity and the like after being welded. The invention has very important innovation value and engineering application significance in the welding production of high-strength aluminum alloy components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel aluminum magnesium alloy welding wire with a composite reinforcing effect and low crack sensitivity and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Al-Ti-B is used as a main raw material to replace pure aluminum, and pure magnesium, Al-Mn and Al-Cr intermediate alloy are added to prepare the TiB with nano-scale, submicron-scale and other gradient scales2On one hand, the welding seam welded by the alloy welding wire can realize the multi-way composite strengthening effects of solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, fine grain strengthening and the like; on the other hand, the alloy welding wire has a remarkable grain refining effect after being melted, can reduce the welding heat crack sensitivity, and further realizes low crack sensitivity and high strength welding seams. The aluminum alloy welding wire comprises the following main elements in percentage by weight: 4.0 to 6.0 percent of Mg; 1.0 to 4.5 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 0.9 percent of B; 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn; 0.05 to 0.25 percent of Cr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements.
The method is characterized in that an alloy wire blank is prepared by adopting alloy smelting and continuous semi-solid rheologic extrusion technology, and then the aluminum alloy welding wire is prepared by subsequent hot rolling or drawing processing, intermediate annealing and surface treatment, and the specific process steps are as follows:
(1) pure magnesium, Al-Mn and Al-Cr intermediate alloy are used as additive materials, and Al-Ti-B is used as a main raw material for proportioning. Firstly, melting intermediate alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B and the like in a smelting furnace with the temperature controlled between 720 ℃ and 780 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then carrying out melt purification procedures such as refining, degassing, deslagging and the like;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 700-730 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 680-710 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 8-10 mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 5-30 m/min, and the cooling water flow in the extrusion roller is 40-60L/min;
(3) carrying out hot rolling, drawing and intermediate annealing on the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step (2)Fire and surface treatment, and final processing intoAnd/orThe straight welding wire of (2);
by adopting the technical scheme, the novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention can obtain the TiB with nanoscale and submicron gradient scale2A granular aluminum alloy welding wire; simultaneously, the method has the beneficial effects that: on one hand, the welded seam of the alloy welding wire can realize the multi-way composite strengthening effects of solid solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening, fine grain strengthening and the like; on the other hand, the alloy welding wire has a remarkable grain refining effect after being melted, can reduce welding heat crack sensitivity, further realizes low crack sensitivity and high strength welding seams, can be used for welding high-strength and ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloys, and particularly has great advantages in welding aluminum alloy structural members with larger crack sensitivity (such as 7000 series aluminum alloys) and higher requirements on welding strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the novel aluminum-magnesium-titanium alloy welding wire prepared by the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 6%, Ti: 1.0%, B: 0.2%, Mn: 1.0%, Cr: 0.25% and the balance Al. The preparation process of the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) pure magnesium, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr intermediate alloy are used as additive materials, and Al-5Ti-1B is used as a main raw material for burdening. Firstly, melting intermediate alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-5Ti-1B and the like in a smelting furnace at 760 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then carrying out melt purification procedures such as refining, degassing, deslagging and the like;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 730 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 700 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 8.5mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 15m/min, and the flow rate of cooling water in the extrusion roller is 60L/min;
(3) the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step (2) is processed into the aluminum alloy wire blank by hot rolling and drawing, intermediate annealing and surface treatmentCoiled wire andthe straight welding wire of (2).
Finally preparing the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire which contains a small amount of nano (30 nm-100 nm) and submicron (0.1 mu m-2 mu m) gradient scale TiB2And (3) granules.
Example 2
The Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 4%, Ti: 4.5%, B: 0.9%, Mn: 0.1%, Cr: 0.05% and the balance Al. The preparation process of the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) pure magnesium, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr intermediate alloy are used as additive materials, and Al-5Ti-1B is used as a main raw material for burdening. Firstly, melting intermediate alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-5Ti-1B and the like in a smelting furnace at 780 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then carrying out melt purification procedures such as refining, degassing, deslagging and the like;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 720 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 710 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 10mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 5m/min, and the flow rate of cooling water in the extrusion roller is 40L/min;
(3) the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step (2) is processed into the aluminum alloy wire blank by hot rolling and drawing, intermediate annealing and surface treatmentCoiled wire andthe straight welding wire of (2).
Finally preparing the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire containing nano (30 nm-100 nm) and submicron (0.1 mu m-2 mu m) gradient scale TiB2And (3) granules.
Example 3
The Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 4.5%, Ti: 2.7%, B: 0.9%, Mn: 0.2%, Cr: 0.1% and the balance Al. The preparation process of the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) pure magnesium, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr intermediate alloy are used as additive materials, and Al-3Ti-1B is used as a main raw material for burdening. Firstly, melting intermediate alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-3Ti-1B and the like in a smelting furnace at 750 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then carrying out melt purification procedures such as refining, degassing, deslagging and the like;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 700 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 680 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 8.0mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 25m/min, and the flow rate of cooling water in the extrusion roller is 50L/min;
(3) the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step (2) is processed into the aluminum alloy wire blank by hot rolling and drawing, intermediate annealing and surface treatmentCoiled wire andthe straight welding wire of (2).
Finally preparing the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire containing nano (30 nm-100 nm) and submicron (0.1 mu m-2 mu m) gradient scale TiB2And (3) granules.
Example 4
The Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 5%, Ti: 3.5%, B: 0.8%, Mn: 0.1%, Cr: 0.1% and the balance Al. The preparation process of the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) pure magnesium, Al-10Mn and Al-10Cr intermediate alloy are used as additive materials, and Al-3Ti-1B and Al-5Ti-1B are used as main raw materials for proportioning. Firstly, melting intermediate alloys such as Al-Mn, Al-Cr, Al-Ti-B and the like in a smelting furnace at 760 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then carrying out melt purification procedures such as refining, degassing, deslagging and the like;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 710 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 690 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 9.0mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 20m/min, and the flow rate of cooling water in the extrusion roller is 45L/min;
(3) the aluminum alloy wire blank obtained in the step (2) is processed into the aluminum alloy wire blank by hot rolling and drawing, intermediate annealing and surface treatmentCoiled wire andthe straight welding wire of (2).
Finally preparing the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire containing nano (30 nm-100 nm) and submicron (0.1 mu m-2 mu m) gradient scale TiB2And (3) granules.
Claims (3)
1. The novel Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire is characterized in that the chemical components of main elements in the alloy welding wire are as follows by weight percent: 4.0 to 6.0 percent of Mg; 1.0 to 4.5 percent of Ti; 0.2 to 0.9 percent of B; 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn; 0.05 to 0.25 percent of Cr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire of claim 1, wherein the chemical components of the main elements in the alloy welding wire are as follows by weight percent: 4.5 to 5.5 percent of Mg; 2.0 to 3.0 percent of Ti; 0.5 to 0.9 percent of B; 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Mn; 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr.
3. A method for preparing the Al-Mg-Ti alloy welding wire of claim 1 or 2, characterized by the following process steps:
(1) taking pure magnesium, Al-Mn and Al-Cr intermediate alloy as additive materials, taking Al-Ti-B as main raw materials to prepare materials, firstly melting Al-Mn, Al-Cr and Al-Ti-B in a smelting furnace with the temperature controlled between 720 ℃ and 780 ℃, adding pure magnesium, fully and uniformly stirring, and then refining, degassing and deslagging to purify a melt;
(2) introducing the alloy melt obtained in the step (1) into a tundish for heat preservation at 700-730 ℃, and injecting the alloy melt into a continuous semi-solid rheological extruder at 680-710 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy wire blank with the diameter of 8-10 mm, wherein the rotating speed of an extrusion roller of the continuous rheological extruder is 5-30 m/min, and the cooling water flow in the extrusion roller is 40-60L/min;
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CN111112871B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Thermal-cracking-resistant 2xxx series aluminum alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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CN113385855A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江西理工大学 | Multi-scale particle modified Al-Mg alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof |
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