CN110181130B - Cutter and machining method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads - Google Patents

Cutter and machining method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads Download PDF

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CN110181130B
CN110181130B CN201910571249.0A CN201910571249A CN110181130B CN 110181130 B CN110181130 B CN 110181130B CN 201910571249 A CN201910571249 A CN 201910571249A CN 110181130 B CN110181130 B CN 110181130B
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cutting
width
thread
groove
depth
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CN110181130A (en
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刘安民
陈雪林
刘伟
毛祖莉
周唯
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Hunan Institute of Technology
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Hunan Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • B23G1/02—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor on an external or internal cylindrical or conical surface, e.g. on recesses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G5/00—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G2200/00—Details of threading tools
    • B23G2200/08—Threading tools with adjustable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G2200/00—Details of threading tools
    • B23G2200/10—Threading tools comprising cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G2210/00—Details of threads produced
    • B23G2210/48—Threads having a special form or profile not otherwise provided for

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a tool for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads, which comprises a cutting blade, a movable slider connected with the cutting blade through a bolt and a base connected with the movable slider through a spring, wherein the cutting blade comprises a blade body part, a main cutting edge positioned at the upper edge of the blade body part and auxiliary cutting edges positioned at the edges of two sides of the blade body part, the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edges are integrally formed with the blade body part, the arc radiuses of the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edges are 0.1mm, and the arc transition radiuses of the auxiliary cutting edges and the blade body part are 0.3 mm. The invention also provides a processing method for precisely processing the variable-groove-width internal thread by using the tool. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the cutting depth can be adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the tool holder end of the machine tool continuously in the process of turning the internal thread, and the rough machining and the finish machining of the internal thread can be completed simultaneously.

Description

Cutter and machining method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a cutter and a machining method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads.
[ background of the invention ]
The variable-groove-width threaded connection of the oil pipe or the air pipe not only needs to be tightly and reliably connected, but also needs to have higher sealing performance, and thus higher requirements are provided for the processing precision of the variable-groove-width internal and external threads. Turning is currently an effective method for efficiently machining threads. Because the length of the oil pipe is larger than 15 meters and the diameter is larger than 0.5 meter, in the existing machining process, the comb-tooth cutter is adopted for turning, but the machine tool clamps the large-size oil pipe thread to rotate for turning, so that the moving chain transmission and the balance weight ratio of the machine tool are changed, and machining errors are caused. In the turning process of the internal thread, the cutting depth needs to be gradually adjusted to meet the processing requirements of the internal thread with the variable groove width and the variable depth.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention provides a tool and a method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads, which can effectively improve machining precision and efficiency and simultaneously finish rough machining and finish machining of the internal threads.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the cutting blade comprises a blade body, a main cutting edge positioned at the upper edge of the blade body and auxiliary cutting edges positioned at the edges of two sides of the blade body, wherein the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edges are integrally formed with the blade body, the arc radiuses of the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edges are 0.1mm, and the arc transition radiuses of the auxiliary cutting edges and the blade body are 0.3 mm.
As an improvement of the invention, the cutting blade also comprises a leaf vein-shaped groove arranged on the blade surface, the depth of the groove is 2-3 microns, the bifurcation angle is 15-20 degrees, and the bifurcation distance is 1-2 millimeters.
As a refinement of the invention, the end of the recess near the upper edge of the insert body portion is 1mm from the main cutting edge.
As an improvement of the invention, the cutting insert comprises three bolt holes centrally located in the insert body and arranged in a regular triangle, the bolts cooperating with the bolt holes.
As an improvement of the present invention, the cutting insert further comprises a first shim engaged with the bolt, the first shim being sandwiched between the bolt and the cutting insert, the first shim being made of a stainless steel material.
As an improvement of the present invention, the cutting tool further comprises a second gasket engaged with the bolt, the second gasket is interposed between the cutting blade and the movable slider, and the second gasket comprises a stainless steel gasket layer abutting against the cutting blade and having a thermal insulation coating, and a rubber sheet abutting against the movable slider.
As an improvement of the invention, the movable sliding block further comprises a third gasket arranged between the movable sliding block and the base, and the third gasket is formed by compounding glass fiber and asbestos.
As an improvement of the present invention, the inner cavity of the base is in a regular hexagonal shape, the movable slider is in a regular hexagonal shape, and the movable slider is suspended in the inner cavity by the spring.
As an improvement of the present invention, a guide groove is formed in a position of the base corresponding to the third gasket, the third gasket is disposed in the guide groove, and a depth of the guide groove is 5 mm.
The invention also provides a processing method for precisely processing the variable-groove-width internal thread by using the cutter, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device on an original machine tool for turning large-size oil pipe threads;
step two, carrying out cutting force test under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing condition, utilizing a comb-tooth cutter adopted in actual processing, acquiring cutting force by a dynamometer under the conditions that the cutting depth is 1mm, 3m, 5mm, 7mm, 9mm and 11mm respectively, the cutting speed is 10m/s, the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 40000HZ and the amplitude is 15um, obtaining the cutting force in the cutting depth direction of the comb-tooth cutter under different cutting depths, establishing a graph with the abscissa as the cutting depth and the ordinate as the cutting force, and obtaining a cutting depth and cutting force coefficient k through linear fitting respectivelyf；
Step three, processing the size of the variable-groove-width thread to obtain the relationship between the width and the depth of the thread, and obtaining the minimum width b of the variable-groove-width thread in the given variable-groove-width thread according to design parameters1Maximum width b2Change ofMinimum depth h of groove width thread1Maximum depth h2(ii) a Obtaining the length l of the variable-groove-width thread according to the design parameters of the variable-groove-width thread0The width b (x) and depth h (x) of the thread at a distance x from the initial end of the thread are respectively:
Figure GDA0002682304510000021
Figure GDA0002682304510000031
obtaining the change relation of the width of the thread along with the depth of the thread as follows:
Figure GDA0002682304510000032
and then obtaining a definite relation between the thread width and the depth at the same position x, does not contain a second-order term, and is linear, namely:
Figure GDA0002682304510000033
step four, obtaining the parameters of a cutter for processing the variable-groove-width threads, obtaining the relation between the width of the lathe tool and the depth of the cutting edge by adopting the maximum width of the lathe tool for processing the threads as the relation between the width and the depth of the threads determined in the step three of the variable-groove-width threads, and finishing the processing of the depth of the variable-groove-width threads at one time according to the cutting parameters determined in the step three;
step five, according to the coefficient k of the cutting depth cutting force under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing obtained in the step twofObtaining the cutting force f at the cutting end of the turned thread1According to the relationship between the cutting force, the cutting area and the cutting force coefficient, a cutting force variation formula in the cutting process can be obtained:
f＝kfb(x)h(x)
the cutting force f of the cut-in end of the trapezoidal thread1：
Figure GDA0002682304510000034
Cutting force f of trapezoidal thread cutting end2：
f2＝kfh1b1
Minimum depth h of variable groove width thread1Maximum depth h2The displacement difference is:
Δh＝h2-h1
in the cutting depth direction, the self-adaptive change requirement of the cutting depth in the thread machining can be met; in the direction of the feed speed, the machining requirements are met.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: considering that the ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can reduce the cutting force under the same condition, the invention provides the cutter and the machining method for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread, so that the cutting depth is prevented from being continuously adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the cutter clamp end of the machine tool in the process of turning the internal thread, and the rough machining and the finish machining of the internal thread are simultaneously completed.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of the connection of a blade, a movable slider and a base;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of the connection of the blade, the movable slider and the base;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the movable slider, the spring and the base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cutting insert;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a leaf-shaped parting groove of the cutting insert;
fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a variable groove width thread.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a tool 100 for precisely machining a variable-groove-width internal thread, including a cutting insert 1, a movable slider 2 connected to the cutting insert 1 by a bolt (not shown), and a base 4 connected to the movable slider 2 by a spring, wherein the cutting insert 1 includes an insert body 11, a main cutting edge 12 located at an upper edge of the insert body 11, and a sub cutting edge 13 located at two side edges of the insert body 11, the main cutting edge 12 and the sub cutting edge 13 are integrally formed with the insert body 11, the arc radii of the main cutting edge 12 and the sub cutting edge 13 are 0.1mm, and the arc transition radius of the sub cutting edge 13 and the insert body 11 is 0.3 mm.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5 again, the cutting blade 1 further comprises a groove 14 which is arranged on the blade surface and is in a leaf vein shape, the depth of the groove 14 is 2-3 micrometers, the bifurcation angle theta is 15-20 degrees, and the bifurcation interval L is 1-2 millimeters, so that the cutting fluid can flow in the cutting surface to dissipate heat. Specifically, the end of the recess 14 near the upper edge of the insert body 11 is 1mm from the main cutting edge 12, since the length of the chip in contact with the tool 100 during cutting is 0.1-10 m/s at internal thread turning parameters, the cutting speed is 0-6mm, and the contact length is usually not more than 1mm at a feed rate of 0-2 mm/s. If the distance between the tail end of the groove and the main cutting edge 12 exceeds 1mm, the cutting liquid is difficult to enter the contact part of the cutter and the workpiece as far as possible under the ultrasonic vibration vacuum adsorption, and the cutting temperature and the friction between the cutter and chips are reduced; if it is less than 1mm, chips come into contact with the grooves on the surface of the tool, increasing the friction between the tool and the chips, increasing the temperature of the cutting tool, and reducing the tool life and the quality of the workpiece. The cutting edge in the feeding direction in contact with the chips can reduce the contact area between the chips and the tool in the groove 14, has a chip breaking function, further reduces the friction between the tool and the chips, and reduces the cutting temperature.
The cutting insert 1 comprises three bolt holes 15 centrally located in the insert body portion 11 and arranged in a regular triangle, the bolts cooperating with the bolt holes 15.
The tool 100 further comprises a first shim (not shown) and a second shim 5 cooperating with the bolt, the first shim being sandwiched between the bolt and the cutting insert 1, the first shim being made of a stainless steel material and being pre-tensioned. The second gasket 5 is clamped between the cutting blade 11 and the movable slider 2, the second gasket 5 comprises a stainless steel gasket layer (not shown) which is abutted against the cutting blade 11 and is provided with a heat insulation coating, and a rubber sheet (not shown) which is abutted against the movable slider 2, the stainless steel gasket layer of the heat insulation coating is used for preventing heat from being transferred to a rubber layer and other components, so that the thermal deformation of other materials and the softening of the rubber materials are avoided, and the rubber layer is used for isolating vibration, absorbing vibration energy and reducing the vibration in the cutting process.
The cutter 100 further comprises a third gasket 7 arranged between the movable sliding block 2 and the base 4, the third gasket 7 is formed by compounding glass fiber and asbestos, the glass fiber can contain metal silicon and has a lubricating effect, the movement of the movable sliding block 2 is facilitated, the asbestos has high temperature resistance, and the third gasket 7 is prevented from losing the lubricating effect of the third gasket due to heat in the cutting process.
The inner cavity of the base 4 is in a regular hexagon shape, the movable sliding block 2 is in a regular hexagon shape, and each edge of the movable sliding block 2 is opposite to the corresponding edge of the inner cavity of the base 4 and is arranged in parallel at intervals. The movable slider 2 is suspended in the inner cavity by the spring. Referring specifically to fig. 3, the spring is provided with a first spring 31, a sixth spring 36, a fourth spring 34, a second spring 32, a third spring 33 and a fifth spring 35 in sequence from 12 o' clock clockwise along the circumferential direction of the movable slider 2.
The position of base 4 corresponding to third gasket 7 is equipped with direction recess 41, third gasket 7 sets up in direction recess 41, the degree of depth of direction recess 41 is 5 millimeters, in order to establish third gasket 7 card is inside it.
The invention also provides a processing method for precisely processing the variable-groove-width internal thread by using the cutter, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adding an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device on an original machine tool for turning large-size oil pipe threads;
it is further noted that the ultrasonic vibration assisted processing device comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a piezoelectric actuator, an ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, a control system and other components, wherein the ultrasonic power supply is used for converting an industrial power supply into an ultrasonic power supply, and the frequency of the ultrasonic power supply is 40000; the piezoelectric actuator generates repeated motion under the action of the ultrasonic power supply to excite the ultrasonic vibration amplitude-changing bar to generate periodic vibration; the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is used for amplifying vibration generated by the piezoelectric actuator, so that the cutter generates vibration in the cutting depth direction, the contact processing and non-contact processing processes of the periodic cutter on a workpiece are realized, and the cutting force is reduced. One end of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is connected with the tool clamp end of the lathe, the other end of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is fixedly connected with the cutting tool, the joint of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer and the tool clamp end of the lathe is a vibration node of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, the vibration energy dissipation of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer to the tool clamp end of the lathe is reduced as much as possible, and the vibration during machining is reduced.
Step two, carrying out cutting force test under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing condition, utilizing the comb-tooth cutter adopted in actual processing, acquiring cutting force by a dynamometer under the conditions that the cutting depth is respectively 1mm, 3m, 5mm, 7mm, 9mm and 11mm, the cutting speed is 10m/s, the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 40000HZ and the amplitude is 15um, obtaining the cutting force in the cutting depth direction of the comb-tooth cutter under different cutting depths, establishing a graph with the abscissa as the cutting depth and the ordinate as the cutting force,obtaining cutting depth cutting force coefficient k through linear fitting respectivelyf；
Step three, processing the size of the variable-groove-width thread to obtain the relationship between the width and the depth of the thread, and obtaining the minimum width b of the variable-groove-width thread in the given variable-groove-width thread according to design parameters1Maximum width b2Minimum depth h of variable groove width thread1Maximum depth h2The specific thread schematic diagram is shown in fig. 6, wherein the design parameters refer to the width, depth, lead and the variation curve of the thread to be processed at different positions on the oil pipe; in order to ensure that the threaded connection is installed tightly and reliably, the thread depth and the width of the variable-groove-width thread are changed linearly, the length (thread distance) of the variable-groove-width thread is the distance from the initial end of the thread to the end of the thread around an oil pipe along a threaded bolt, and the variable-groove-width thread length l is obtained according to the design parameters of the variable-groove-width thread0The width b (x) and depth h (x) of the thread at a distance x from the initial end of the thread are respectively:
Figure GDA0002682304510000061
Figure GDA0002682304510000062
obtaining the relationship between the width and the depth (length) of the thread according to the above equation, namely obtaining the relationship that the width of the thread changes along with the depth of the thread as:
Figure GDA0002682304510000071
since the depth (length) of the variable-groove-width internal thread also changes linearly, a certain relation between the thread width and the depth at the same position x is obtained, a second-order term is not contained, and the variable-groove-width internal thread is linear, namely:
Figure GDA0002682304510000072
and step four, obtaining the parameters of a cutter for processing the variable-groove-width threads, and obtaining the relation between the width of the cutter and the depth of a cutting edge by adopting the relation between the maximum width of the cutter for processing the threads and the width and the depth of the threads determined in the step three of the variable-groove-width threads, wherein the arc radius of the cutting edge of the cutter is 0.1mm, because the depth of the threads is changed in the processing of different variable-groove-width threads, and if the transition radius of the cutting edge is small, the cutting edge is easy to break in transition, and if the transition radius is large, the smooth transition between the bottom surface and the side surface of the threads is difficult to. The edge positions of the secondary cutting edge 13 and the blade body 11 are in arc transition with the radius of 0.3mm, the transition of the part of the blade is mainly considered, the blade does not participate in cutting processing, the larger arc radius is beneficial to heat dissipation and the contact position of a cutting tool and a workpiece is deepened under the action of a vacuum adsorption effect caused by ultrasonic vibration of cutting liquid in the cutting process, the service life of the cutting tool is prolonged, the processing of the variable groove thread depth is completed at one time according to the cutting parameters determined in the step three, the rough processing and the fine processing of the thread are realized, the processing efficiency is improved, and the length of the secondary cutting edge is set, so that the requirement of the minimum-width variable groove width processing is met. Wherein the width of the cutter and the depth of the thread vary;
it needs to be further explained that, in the processing of the variable-groove-width thread, the traditional cutter is adopted to carry out ultrasonic vibration assisted turning processing to solve the difficult problem of high-precision thread processing, which is specifically as follows: the machine tool clamp clamps a large-size oil pipe, the cutter moves along a variable-groove wide thread path under the control of the machine tool control system and is in turning motion, and the cutter realizes repeated vibration in the cutting depth direction under the action of the ultrasonic vibration control system, so that effective ultrasonic vibration auxiliary machining is realized.
Step five, according to the coefficient k of the cutting depth cutting force under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing obtained in the step twofObtaining the cutting force f at the cutting end of the turned thread1At this time, since the cutting depth and the cutting width are the largest, and the cutting force is the largest in the cutting process, since the groove width and the depth of the thread are gradually and linearly reduced, the cutting force is also gradually shown as a lineReduced sexual activity; according to the relation between the cutting force, the cutting area and the cutting force coefficient, a cutting force change formula in the cutting process can be obtained:
f＝kfb(x)h(x)
the cutting force f of the cut-in end of the trapezoidal thread1：
Figure GDA0002682304510000081
Cutting force f of trapezoidal thread cutting end2：
f2＝kfh1b1
Minimum depth h of variable groove width thread1Maximum depth h2The displacement difference is:
Δh＝h2-h1
in the cutting depth direction, the self-adaptive change requirement of the cutting depth in the thread machining can be met; in the direction of the feed speed, the machining requirements are met.
Referring specifically to fig. 3, it can be further explained that the stiffness of the second spring 32, the third spring 33, the fourth spring 34, the fifth spring 35, and the sixth spring 36 is set to k in the cutting depth direction Y0The precompression amounts of the first spring 31, the second spring 32, the third spring 33, the fourth spring 34, the fifth spring 35, and the sixth spring 36 are l0In order to meet the self-adaptive machining requirement of the width and the depth of the screw thread along with the change in the cutting process, the rigidity k of the first spring 311Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0002682304510000082
the cutting depth adaptive change requirement in the thread machining can be met in the cutting depth direction Y.
The movable slider 2 can move only in the cutting depth direction Y and does not move in the feeding speed direction X under the control of the guide groove 41 of the base 4 in the feeding speed direction, and although the movement in the cutting depth direction Y causes the length change of the third spring 33, the fourth spring 34, the fifth spring 35, and the sixth spring 36, the inner portions thereof can interact with each other, and the resultant force in the cutting depth direction Y of the third spring 33, the fourth spring 34, the fifth spring 35, and the sixth spring 36 is 0, which satisfies the requirement in machining.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: considering that the ultrasonic vibration assisted machining can reduce the cutting force under the same condition, the invention provides the cutter and the machining method for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread, so that the cutting depth is prevented from being continuously adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the cutter clamp end of the machine tool in the process of turning the internal thread, and the rough machining and the finish machining of the internal thread are simultaneously completed.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the specification and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a cutter of internal thread of groove width is become in precision finishing, its characterized in that, including the cutting blade, with the cutting blade pass through bolted connection's portable slider and with portable slider passes through spring coupling's base, the base corresponds portable slider's position is equipped with the direction groove, portable slider can be followed the direction groove removes, the extending direction of direction groove with the cutting blade carries out the cutting depth direction of cutting unanimously, the inner chamber of base is regular hexagon shape, portable slider is regular hexagon shape, every limit of portable slider all with corresponding the limit of the inner chamber of base is just to and parallel interval sets up, portable slider passes through the spring suspension in the inner chamber, follow portable slider's circumference and clockwise from 12 o 'clock directions, the spring includes corresponding each first spring, the first spring that portable slider's limit set up, The second bulletThe stiffness of the spring, the third spring, the fourth spring, the fifth spring, and the sixth spring is set to k in the depth of cut direction0The stiffness of the first spring is k1The cutting blade comprises a blade body part, a main cutting edge positioned at the upper edge of the blade body part and auxiliary cutting edges positioned at the edges of two sides of the blade body part, wherein the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edges are integrally formed with the blade body part, the arc radius of the main cutting edge and the arc radius of the auxiliary cutting edge are 0.1mm, and the arc transition radius of the auxiliary cutting edge and the arc radius of the blade body part is 0.3 mm.
2. The tool for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread according to claim 1, wherein the cutting insert further comprises grooves in the shape of leaf veins arranged on the tool face, the depth of the grooves is 2-3 micrometers, the bifurcation angle is 15-20 degrees, and the bifurcation interval is 1-2 millimeters.
3. A tool for precision machining variable slot width internal threads according to claim 2, wherein the end of the recess near the upper edge of the insert body is 1mm from the major cutting edge.
4. The tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting insert includes three bolt holes in a regular triangular arrangement in the center of the insert body, the bolts engaging the bolt holes.
5. The tool for precisely machining a variable-slot-width internal thread according to claim 1, further comprising a first shim engaged with the bolt, the first shim being interposed between the bolt and the cutting insert, the first shim being made of a stainless steel material.
6. The tool for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread according to claim 1 or 5, further comprising a second gasket matched with the bolt, wherein the second gasket is clamped between the cutting blade and the movable sliding block, and comprises a stainless steel gasket layer abutting against the cutting blade and provided with a thermal insulation coating and a rubber sheet abutting against the movable sliding block.
7. The tool for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread according to claim 6, further comprising a third gasket arranged between the movable sliding block and the base, wherein the third gasket is formed by compounding glass fibers and asbestos.
8. The tool for precisely machining the variable-groove-width internal thread according to claim 7, wherein the third gasket is arranged in the guide groove, and the depth of the guide groove is 5 mm.
9. A method for precisely machining a variable-groove-width internal thread by using the tool according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, adding an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing device on an original machine tool for turning large-size oil pipe threads;
step two, carrying out cutting force test under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing condition, utilizing a comb-tooth cutter adopted in actual processing, acquiring cutting force by a dynamometer under the conditions that the cutting depth is 1mm, 3m, 5mm, 7mm, 9mm and 11mm respectively, the cutting speed is 10m/s, the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 40000HZ and the amplitude is 15um, obtaining the cutting force in the cutting depth direction of the comb-tooth cutter under different cutting depths, establishing a graph with the abscissa as the cutting depth and the ordinate as the cutting force, and obtaining a cutting depth and cutting force coefficient k through linear fitting respectivelyf；
Step three, processing the size of the variable-groove-width thread to obtain the relationship between the width and the depth of the thread, and obtaining the minimum width b of the variable-groove-width thread in the given variable-groove-width thread according to design parameters1Maximum width b2Minimum depth of variable groove width threadDegree h1Maximum depth h2(ii) a Obtaining the length l of the variable-groove-width thread according to the design parameters of the variable-groove-width thread0The width b (x) and depth h (x) of the thread at a distance x from the initial end of the thread are respectively:
Figure FDA0002682304500000021
Figure FDA0002682304500000022
obtaining the change relation of the width of the thread along with the depth of the thread as follows:
Figure FDA0002682304500000023
and then obtaining a definite relation between the thread width and the depth at the same position x, does not contain a second-order term, and is linear, namely:
Figure FDA0002682304500000031
step four, obtaining the parameters of a cutter for processing the variable-groove-width thread, obtaining the relation between the width of the lathe tool and the depth of the cutting edge by adopting the maximum width of the lathe tool for processing the thread as the relation between the width and the depth of the thread determined in the step three of the variable-groove-width thread, and finishing the processing of the depth of the variable-groove-width thread at one time according to the cutting parameters determined in the step three;
step five, according to the coefficient k of the cutting depth cutting force under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing obtained in the step twofObtaining the cutting force f at the cutting end of the turned thread1According to the relationship between the cutting force, the cutting area and the cutting force coefficient, a cutting force variation formula in the cutting process can be obtained:
f＝kfb(x)h(x)
the cutting of the trapezoidal threadCutting force f at the entry end1：
Figure FDA0002682304500000032
Cutting force f of trapezoidal thread cutting end2：
f2＝kfh1b1
Minimum depth h of variable groove width thread1Maximum depth h2The displacement difference is:
Δh＝h2-h1
in the cutting depth direction, the self-adaptive change requirement of the cutting depth in the thread machining can be met; in the direction of the feed speed, the machining requirements are met.
CN201910571249.0A 2019-06-28 2019-06-28 Cutter and machining method for precisely machining variable-groove-width internal threads Active CN110181130B (en)

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