CN110179667B - Tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and traditional Chinese medicine extraction method thereof - Google Patents
Tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and traditional Chinese medicine extraction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110179667B CN110179667B CN201910573938.5A CN201910573938A CN110179667B CN 110179667 B CN110179667 B CN 110179667B CN 201910573938 A CN201910573938 A CN 201910573938A CN 110179667 B CN110179667 B CN 110179667B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J2200/00—General characteristics or adaptations
- A61J2200/40—Heating or cooling means; Combinations thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and provides a tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and an extraction method thereof, wherein the extraction energy-saving system utilizes a heat pump system to absorb low-grade air energy in the environment to heat solvents and medicaments, replaces the traditional steam heating mode, adopts the direct contact heat exchange mode of the medicaments, greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate, and simultaneously saves energy sources; the system simultaneously adopts a mode of recycling a plurality of extraction tanks, so that the medicament and the dregs in each extraction tank are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, and the extraction rate is improved; by switching the heating extraction system and the buffer system, the movable equipment such as the compressor, the circulating pump and the like is always in an operating state, so that the damage of the movable equipment caused by frequent starting is avoided, and the full utilization of energy is realized; by adopting the three-medium heat exchanger and the corresponding steam heating circulation loop, the solvent or the medicament can be heated by the heat pump system and the medicament steam at the same time, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the extraction system is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, in particular to a tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and a traditional Chinese medicine extraction method thereof.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine extraction method mainly comprises a water decoction method, an impregnation method, a percolation method, a reflux method, a solvent extraction method and the like, and along with the development of the traditional Chinese medicine field, the traditional Chinese medicine extraction method can not meet the industrial production requirement. The pot group graded countercurrent extraction is a novel traditional Chinese medicine extraction process which integrates extraction, heavy percolation, dynamic and countercurrent technology into a whole and has multiple purposes.
The tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction process is characterized by that more than two dynamic extraction tank units are connected in series, and the extraction solvent is reversely fed through every tank from low to high along the solute concentration gradient of every tank medicine material in the tank group, and can be repeatedly used together with medicine material for a certain extraction time. The technology mainly utilizes the concentration gradient difference of the active ingredients in the solid-liquid two phases to gradually diffuse the active ingredients in the medicinal materials into the extraction solvent with lower initial concentration, thereby achieving the purpose of transferring the active ingredients in the medicinal materials to the maximum extent.
However, in the prior art, most extraction tanks use steam as a heat source, and the steam heats the medicament to release latent heat and then is discharged as condensed water, so that a large amount of steam is required in the process of steaming and extracting the traditional Chinese medicine, and the energy consumption is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and a traditional Chinese medicine extraction method thereof, which aim to solve the problem of high energy consumption of the traditional tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction system.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system is provided, which includes a heating system, a buffer tank, and a plurality of extraction tanks, wherein the heating system is a heat pump system, the heat pump system includes a condenser corresponding to the extraction tanks, and two ends of each extraction tank are respectively connected with the corresponding condenser through a first pipeline;
two ends of the buffer tank are respectively connected with two ends of each extraction tank in parallel through a second pipeline, and a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve are arranged at corresponding connection positions of the second pipeline and the first pipeline;
a circulating pump is arranged on the first pipeline between the first reversing valve or the second reversing valve and the condenser;
the buffer tank is connected with each extracting tank through a third pipeline, and each third pipeline is provided with a switch valve;
a fourth pipeline is arranged between any two extraction tanks, and a two-way valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline.
Preferably, the heat pump system further comprises an evaporator and a compressor, and a plurality of condensers are connected in parallel with each other through a heat pump circulation pipeline;
the evaporator, the compressor and the condensers which are connected in parallel are sequentially connected through the circulating pipelines to form a closed loop, and a throttle valve is arranged on the heat pump circulating pipeline of each parallel branch.
Preferably, the condenser is a three-medium condenser, the three-medium condenser comprises a refrigerant flow channel, a medicament steam flow channel and an extraction heat exchange flow channel, the extraction tank is respectively connected with two ends of the medicament steam flow channel through a steam pipeline, and a steam compressor is arranged on the steam circulation pipeline;
the two ends of the extraction tank are respectively connected with the two ends of the corresponding extraction heat exchange flow channel through the first pipeline;
the two ends of the refrigerant flow channel are respectively connected through the heat pump circulation pipeline for realizing the parallel connection of the condensers.
Preferably, at least one group of spray heads is arranged at the top of the inner side of the extraction tank, spray holes are formed in the spray heads, and the diameter of each spray hole is 3-5 mm.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for extracting a traditional Chinese medicine, which uses the tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, and specifically includes:
s1, adding molten coal into a buffer tank, and simultaneously switching a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve to heat the solvent in the buffer tank until the solvent reaches a preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine;
s2, adding traditional Chinese medicines into each extraction tank, randomly selecting one of the extraction tanks as a first tank for medicament configuration, opening a switch valve corresponding to the first tank, and taking the rest extraction tanks sequenced in the middle position and the last position as a middle tank and a tail tank for standby;
s3, performing traditional Chinese medicine extraction operation on the first tank, and continuously heating the solvent by the S1 to maintain the solvent at a preset temperature for traditional Chinese medicine extraction;
s4, controlling the extracting agents in the first tank to sequentially transfer to the middle tank and the tail tank in a relay mode by operating the two-way valve, and sequentially adding traditional Chinese medicine extracting operation into the extracting tanks which subsequently receive the extracting agents until all the extracting tanks synchronously extract the traditional Chinese medicine.
Preferably, the method for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine further comprises the following steps:
and S5, discharging the finished medicament from the tail tank in the step S4, and ending one traditional Chinese medicine extraction period consisting of the steps S1-S5.
Preferably, the method for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine further comprises the following steps:
s6, according to the traditional Chinese medicine extraction sequence in S4, the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the second position and the first position in the previous traditional Chinese medicine extraction period are correspondingly used as the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the first position and the last position in the next traditional Chinese medicine extraction period, and the traditional Chinese medicine extraction tanks are sequentially circulated according to the rule.
Preferably, in S4 of each cycle of extracting the Chinese medicine, the extracting tank ordered first further includes a step of replenishing the solvent into the buffer tank after transferring the extracted medicine to the extracting tank positioned next thereto.
Preferably, when the first tank is subjected to the Chinese medicine extraction operation in S3, the method includes the step of heating the medicine: and closing a switching valve corresponding to the first tank, simultaneously switching a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve corresponding to the first tank, and circularly heating the medicament with the volume capacity of 1/4-1/5 of the volume capacity in the first tank by using steam in the extraction tank and refrigerant in the condenser, wherein the rest medicaments in the first tank are in direct contact heat exchange with the circularly heated medicaments.
Preferably, the three extracting tanks are respectively a first tank, a middle tank and a tail tank, and the extracting time ratio of the first tank, the middle tank and the tail tank is 1:2:1.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system and the traditional Chinese medicine extraction method thereof, the system utilizes the heat pump system to absorb low-grade air energy in the environment to heat solvents and medicaments, replaces the traditional steam heating mode, adopts the direct contact heat exchange mode of the medicaments, greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate, and simultaneously saves energy sources; the system simultaneously adopts a mode of recycling a plurality of extraction tanks, so that the medicament and the dregs in each extraction tank are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, and the extraction rate is improved; by switching the heating extraction system and the buffer system, the movable equipment such as the compressor, the circulating pump and the like is always in an operating state, so that the damage of the movable equipment caused by frequent starting is avoided, and the full utilization of energy is realized; by adopting the three-medium heat exchanger and the corresponding steam heating circulation loop, the solvent or the medicament can be heated by the heat pump system and the medicament steam at the same time, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the extraction system is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a tank-based dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for extracting traditional Chinese medicine according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1-a buffer tank; 21. 22, 23-extraction tanks; 3. a compressor; 41. 42, 43-filters; 51. 52, 53-circulation pumps; 61. 62, 63-switching valves; 71. 72, 73-vapor compressors; 81. 82, 83-three medium heat exchangers; 91. 92, 93-throttle valve; 101. 102, 103-a second reversing valve; 111. 112, 113-first reversing valve; 121. 122, 123-two-way valves; 131. 132, 133-showerheads; 14-an evaporator; 211. 212, 213-first line, 221, 222, 223-second line.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the communication may be direct or indirect through an intermediate medium, or may be internal to two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system, which specifically includes: heating system, buffer tank 1 and a plurality of extraction tank, the extraction tank is specifically set up to three in this embodiment, is respectively extracting tank 21, 22, 23.
The heating system in this embodiment adopts a heat pump system for absorbing low-grade air energy in the environment for heating the solvent and the medicament. The heat pump system includes condensers 81, 82, 83 provided corresponding to the extraction tanks 21, 22, 23, and the condensers 81, 82, 83 are used for exchanging heat with the solvent or the chemical in the corresponding lines, respectively.
Wherein, both ends of the extraction tanks 21, 22, 23 are respectively connected with the corresponding condensers 81, 82, 83 through first pipelines 211, 212, 213, and the first pipelines 211, 212, 213 are specifically connected with heat exchange channels in the condensers 81, 82, 83.
The two ends of the buffer tank 1 are respectively connected with the two ends of the extraction tanks 21, 22 and 23 in parallel through second pipelines 221, 222 and 223, and first reversing valves 111, 112 and 113 and second reversing valves 101, 102 and 103 are arranged at the corresponding connection positions of the second pipelines 221, 222 and 223 and the first pipelines 211, 212 and 213, wherein the first reversing valves 111, 112 and 113 are inlet reversing valves and are close to the tops of the buffer tank 1 and the extraction tanks 21, 22 and 23, and the second reversing valves 101, 102 and 103 are outlet reversing valves and are close to the bottoms of the buffer tank 1 and the extraction tanks 21, 22 and 23.
Wherein, the two switching direction channels of the first reversing valve 111 are respectively represented by an A11-B11 channel and an A11-C11 channel, and the two switching direction channels of the second reversing valve 101 are respectively represented by an A21-B21 channel and an A21-C21 channel; the two switching-direction passages of the first direction valve 112 are respectively indicated as a12-B12 passage and a12-C12 passage, and the two switching-direction passages of the second direction valve 102 are respectively indicated as a22-B22 passage and a22-C22 passage; the two switching-direction passages of the first direction valve 113 are respectively indicated as a13-B13 passage and a13-C13 passage, and the two switching-direction passages of the second direction valve 103 are respectively indicated as a32-B32 passage and a32-C32 passage.
Circulation pumps 51, 52, 53 are respectively arranged on first lines 211, 212, 213 between the first reversing valves 111, 112, 113 or the second reversing valves 101, 102, 103 and the corresponding condensers 81, 82, 83, wherein filters 41, 42, 43 are respectively arranged on the first lines 211, 212, 213.
The buffer tank 1 is connected with each extracting tank through a third pipeline, and each third pipeline is correspondingly provided with a switch valve 61, 62 and 63;
a fourth pipeline is arranged between any two extraction tanks, and each fourth pipeline is correspondingly provided with a two-way valve 121, 122 and 123.
For the energy-saving system, the buffer tank 1, the circulating pump 51, the filter 41 and the condenser 81 are respectively connected through the first pipeline 211 to form a buffer system S1 for heating the solvent in the buffer tank 1, wherein water is selected as the solvent for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine in the embodiment; the extraction tank 21, the circulation pump 51, the filter 41, and the condenser 81 are connected by a first pipe 211, respectively, to constitute a heating extraction system E1 for heating the medicine in the extraction tank 21.
Buffer tank 1, circulation pump 52, filter 42 and condenser 82 are connected via first pipe 212 to form buffer system S2 for heating solvent in buffer tank 1; the extraction tank 22, the circulation pump 52, the filter 42, and the condenser 82 are connected by a first pipe 212, respectively, to constitute a heating extraction system E2 for heating the medicine in the extraction tank 22.
Buffer tank 1, circulation pump 53, filter 43 and condenser 83 are connected via first pipe 213 to form buffer system S3 for heating the solvent in buffer tank 1; the extraction tank 23, the circulation pump 53, the filter 43, and the condenser 83 are connected through the first pipe 213, respectively, to constitute a heating extraction system E3 for heating the medicine in the extraction tank 23.
The buffer system S1 and the heating extraction system E1 are switched by the first reversing valve 111 and the second reversing valve 101, the buffer system S2 and the heating extraction system E2 are switched by the first reversing valve 112 and the second reversing valve 102, and the buffer system S3 and the heating extraction system E3 are switched by the first reversing valve 113 and the second reversing valve 103.
In the energy saving system of the embodiment, the heat pump system absorbs low-grade air energy of the external environment and releases latent heat in the condensers 81, 82 and 83 respectively, so as to heat the fluid entering the condensers 81, 82 and 83, wherein the fluid is respectively solvent and medicament in different stages, and the working medium after releasing the latent heat absorbs the low-grade air energy in the environment again, thereby completing a cycle.
In the working process of the energy-saving system, at the initial stage, normal-temperature solvent is firstly added into the tank body of the buffer tank 1 through a liquid inlet on the buffer tank 1, and the buffer systems S1, S2 and S3 are started to heat the solvent, and the specific operation is as follows:
and a system starting stage: the first reversing valves 111, 112, 113 and the second reversing valves 101, 102, 103 are switched, and the switching valves 61, 62, 63 are ensured to be in a closed state, so that the solvent in the buffer tank 1 can respectively pass through the A21-B21 channel of the second reversing valve 101, the A22-B22 channel of the second reversing valve 102 and the A32-B32 channel of the second reversing valve 103, respectively enter the heat exchange channels of the condensers 81, 82, 83 through the circulating pumps 51, 52, 53 and the filters 41, 42, 43, respectively, and after the temperature of the solvent is increased by absorbing the latent heat of the working medium in the heat exchange channels of the condensers 81, 82, 83, the solvent returns to the buffer tank 1 through the A11-B11 channel of the first reversing valve 111, the A12-B12 channel of the first reversing valve 112 and the A13-B13 channel of the first reversing valve 113, and is circularly heated until the solvent in the buffer tank 1 reaches the preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine.
And (3) a normal operation stage: new medicines are respectively filled into the extracting tanks 21, 22 and 23, the extracting tank 21 is randomly selected as a first tank for extracting the traditional Chinese medicines so as to prepare medicines, and the extracting tank 22 and the extracting tank 23 are sequentially used as a middle tank and a tail tank for extracting the traditional Chinese medicines and are ready for use.
Then, the extraction tank 21 performs a Chinese medicine extraction operation for the first time, which specifically comprises: the on-off valve 61 between the buffer tank 1 and the extraction tank 21 is opened to allow the solvent in the buffer tank 1 to enter the extraction tank 21. Simultaneously, the first reversing valve 111 and the second reversing valve 101 are switched, the heating extraction system E1 is started, the heating extraction system E2 and the heating extraction system E3 are closed, the extraction tank 21 starts heating extraction, the medicament in the extraction tank 21 enters the condenser 81 through the flow channels A21-C21 through the circulating pump 51 and the filter 41, and the medicament is returned to the extraction tank 21 through the flow channels A11-C11 after absorbing the latent heat of the working medium therein for circulating heating extraction.
In the process, a new solvent is added into the buffer tank 1, the buffer system S1 is closed, the buffer system S2 and the buffer system S3 are opened, and the solvent is continuously heated, so that the solvent is maintained at the preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine.
After a period of time, when the chemical reaches the set concentration, the bi-directional valve 121 is opened, the chemical in the extraction tank 21 is transferred to the extraction tank 22, and the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is continuously added to the extraction tank 21. At the same time, the heating extraction system E1 and the heating extraction system E2 are started, the heating extraction system E3 is closed, the buffer system S1 and the buffer system S2 are closed, the buffer system S3 is started, new solvent is added into the buffer tank 1, and the solvent is circularly heated through the buffer system S3.
After the extraction tank 21 and the extraction tank 22 are extracted for a period of time, the bi-directional valve 122 is opened, the medicine in the extraction tank 22 is transferred to the extraction tank 23, the medicine in the extraction tank 21 is transferred to the extraction tank 22, the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is added to the extraction tank 21, at this time, the heating extraction systems E1, E2 and E3 are simultaneously opened, the extraction tanks 21, 22 and 23 are simultaneously subjected to the extraction operation, and new solvent is added to the buffer tank 1 and heated for waiting.
After a period of time, the extracting tank 23 discharges the finished medicine, the extracting tank 21 discharges the medicine residue and fills the new medicine into the extracting tank 23, the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is circularly heated in the buffer system S1, the medicine in the extracting tank 22 is transferred to the extracting tank 21, and the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is added into the second extracting tank 22. After the new solvent is added into the second extraction tank 22, the second extraction tank 22 is a head tank, and the first extraction tank 21 is a tail tank.
Similarly, after the new solvent is added to the third extraction tank 23, the third extraction tank 23 is the first tank, and the second extraction tank 22 is the last tank. After the new solvent is added into the first extraction tank 21, the first extraction tank 21 is a first tank, and the extraction tank is a 23-tail tank, so that continuous extraction is repeatedly performed.
The tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system provided by the embodiment utilizes the heat pump system to absorb low-grade air energy in the environment to heat the solvent and the medicament, replaces the traditional steam heating mode, adopts the mode of direct contact heat exchange of the medicament, greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate, and simultaneously saves energy sources; the system simultaneously adopts a mode of recycling a plurality of extraction tanks, so that the medicament and the dregs in each extraction tank are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, and the extraction rate is improved; by switching the heating extraction system and the buffer system, the movable equipment such as the compressor, the circulating pump and the like is always in an operating state, so that the damage of the movable equipment caused by frequent starting is avoided, and the full utilization of energy is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the heat pump system described in the present embodiment further includes: the evaporator 14 and the compressor 3, and the condensers 81, 82, 83 are connected in parallel to each other through a heat pump cycle line and share one set of the evaporator 14 and the compressor 3.
The evaporator 14, the compressor 3 and the parallel condensers 81, 82, 83 are also connected in sequence through circulation pipes to form a closed-loop heat pump circulation system, and throttle valves 91, 92, 93 are respectively correspondingly arranged on the heat pump circulation pipes of the parallel branches of each condenser.
Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency of each condenser connected in series with each throttle valve can be controlled in real time by controlling the opening of each throttle valve, so that the real-time control of the temperature of the solvent in the buffer tank and the temperature of the medicament in each extraction tank is further realized through the buffer system and the heating extraction system, and specifically, the opening of the 3 throttle valves is consistent in the starting stage of Chinese medicine extraction; when the extracted medicament is sequentially transferred between different extracting tanks in a relay way, the buffer system and the heating extracting system work in parallel, at the moment, the opening of a throttle valve on a loop of the heating extracting system is far smaller than the opening of a throttle valve on the loop of the buffer system, and the opening of the throttle valve on the loop of the buffer system is gradually reduced along with the rise of the temperature of the solvent in the buffer tank; finally, when the traditional Chinese medicine extraction operation is carried out on each extraction tank at the same time, the opening degrees of the three throttle valves tend to be consistent.
As is known, a condenser comprises a housing and heat exchange tubes located in the housing, in which a working medium (refrigerant) circulates, the space between the housing and the heat exchange tubes being a heat exchange channel for another fluid. For the present embodiment, when the buffer systems S1, S2 and S3 start up, the fluid flowing through the heat exchange channel is a solvent, and the solvent is water; when the heating extraction systems E1, E2 and E3 are activated, the fluid flowing through the heat exchange channels is a medicament.
When the heat pump system is in circulation operation, a working medium (refrigerant) absorbs low-grade air energy of an external environment in the evaporator 14, the temperature and enthalpy of the working medium are increased through the compressor 3, then the working medium flows through a heat exchange tube in the condenser, latent heat is released in the condenser, and the solvent or the medicament in a heat exchange channel absorbs the latent heat released by the heat exchange tube through heat exchange; the working medium after releasing latent heat correspondingly passes through a throttle valve to be cooled and depressurized, then enters the evaporator 14 again, and the evaporator 14 absorbs low-grade air energy in the environment, thereby completing a cycle.
Therefore, the heating system fully utilizes low-grade air energy in the environment, converts the low-grade air energy into heat energy, and realizes the supply of heat required by solvents and medicaments in the process of extracting the traditional Chinese medicines.
Further, as a modification of the above-described embodiment, a vapor cycle heating circuit for heating by vapor generated by the medicine in the extraction tank is added at the same time by replacing the conventional condenser with a three-medium condenser.
The three-medium condenser specifically comprises two heating working medium channels and one heat exchange channel, the two heating working medium channels are respectively a refrigerant flow channel and a medicament steam flow channel, the one heat exchange channel is an extraction heat exchange flow channel, the extraction heat exchange flow channel is the heat exchange channel of the condenser in each embodiment, each extraction tank 21, 22 and 23 is respectively connected with two ends of the medicament steam flow channel through a steam pipeline, and a steam compressor 71, 72 and 73 is correspondingly arranged on one section of steam circulation pipeline, so that a complete steam circulation heating loop is formed. The vapor compressor is generally disposed in a vapor circulation line for discharging vapor from the extraction tank.
Specifically, both ends of the extraction tanks 21, 22, 23 are connected to both ends of the extraction heat exchange flow paths corresponding to the condensers 81, 82, 83 through first pipes 211, 212, 213, respectively. In addition, the refrigerant flow channel is used for refrigerant circulation in the heat pump system, and two ends of the refrigerant flow channel are respectively connected through heat pump circulation pipelines for realizing parallel connection of the condensers.
On the basis of the embodiment, at least one group of spray heads are arranged on the top of the inner side of the extraction tank, and the extraction tanks 21, 22 and 23 correspond to the spray heads 131, 132 and 133, wherein each spray head can be specifically provided with 2-3 groups, and the spray heads are mainly used for ensuring that the circularly heated medicament and the rest medicament in the extraction tank are fully contacted and heat-exchanged, so that the extraction efficiency of the traditional Chinese medicine is further improved. Wherein, spray holes are arranged on the shower head, and the diameter of the spray holes is 3 mm-5 mm.
The specific working process of the tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system provided by the embodiment is as follows: in the working process of the energy-saving system, at the initial stage, the normal-temperature solvent is firstly added into the tank body of the buffer tank 1 through the liquid inlet on the buffer tank 1, and the buffer system S1, the buffer system S2 and the buffer system S3 are started to heat the solvent. The normal operation stage specifically operates as follows:
new medicines are respectively filled into the extracting tanks 21, 22 and 23, the extracting tank 21 is randomly selected as a first tank for extracting the traditional Chinese medicines so as to prepare medicines, and the extracting tank 22 and the extracting tank 23 are sequentially used as a middle tank and a tail tank for extracting the traditional Chinese medicines and are ready for use.
Then, the extraction tank 21 performs a Chinese medicine extraction operation for the first time, which specifically comprises: the on-off valve 61 between the buffer tank 1 and the extraction tank 21 is opened to allow the solvent in the buffer tank 1 to enter the extraction tank 21. Simultaneously, the first reversing valve 111 and the second reversing valve 101 are switched, the heating extraction system E1 is started, the heating extraction system E2 and the heating extraction system E3 are closed, the extraction tank 21 starts heating extraction, the medicament in the extraction tank 21 enters the condenser 81 (three-medium heat exchanger) through the flow channels A21-C21 by the circulating pump 51 and the filter 41, absorbs the latent heat of the working medium therein and returns to the extraction tank 21 through the flow channels A11-C11, and the heating extraction is circularly performed.
The vapor evaporated from the chemical in the extraction tank 21 is pressurized by the vapor compressor 71, and enters the condenser 81 (three-medium heat exchanger) to heat the chemical. In the process, a new solvent is added into the buffer tank 1, the buffer system S1 is closed, the buffer system S2 and the buffer system S3 are opened, and the solvent is continuously heated, so that the solvent is maintained at the preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine.
After a period of time, when the chemical reaches the set concentration, the bi-directional valve 121 is opened, the chemical in the extraction tank 21 is transferred to the extraction tank 22, and the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is continuously added to the extraction tank 21. At the same time, heating extraction system E1, heating extraction system E2 are turned on, vapor compressor 71 and vapor compressor 72 are turned on simultaneously, heating extraction system E3 is turned off, buffer system S1 and buffer system S2 are turned off, buffer system S3 is turned on, and buffer tank 1 is filled with new solvent and heated by buffer system S3 in a circulating manner.
After the extraction tanks 21 and 22 are extracted for a while, the bi-directional valve 122 is opened, the medicine in the extraction tank 22 is transferred to the extraction tank 23, the medicine in the extraction tank 21 is transferred to the extraction tank 22, the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is added to the extraction tank 21, at this time, the heating extraction systems E1, E2, E3 are simultaneously turned on, the vapor compressors 71, 72, 73 are also simultaneously turned on, the extraction tanks 21, 22, 23 are simultaneously subjected to the extraction operation, and a new solvent is added to the buffer tank 1 and heated to wait.
After a period of time, the extracting tank 23 discharges the finished medicine, the extracting tank 21 discharges the medicine residue and fills the new medicine into the extracting tank 23, the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is circularly heated in the buffer system S1, the medicine in the extracting tank 22 is transferred to the extracting tank 21, and the solvent in the buffer tank 1 is added into the second extracting tank 22. After the new solvent is added into the second extraction tank 22, the second extraction tank 22 is a head tank, and the first extraction tank 21 is a tail tank.
Similarly, after the new solvent is added to the third extraction tank 23, the third extraction tank 23 is the first tank, and the second extraction tank 22 is the last tank. After the new solvent is added into the first extraction tank 21, the first extraction tank 21 is a first tank, and the extraction tank is a 23-tail tank, so that continuous extraction is repeatedly performed.
The tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system provided by the embodiment utilizes the heat pump system to absorb low-grade air energy in the environment to heat the solvent and the medicament, replaces the traditional steam heating mode, adopts the mode of direct contact heat exchange of the medicament, greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate, and simultaneously saves energy sources; the system simultaneously adopts a mode of recycling a plurality of extraction tanks, so that the medicament and the dregs in each extraction tank are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, and the extraction rate is improved; by switching the heating extraction system and the buffer system, the movable equipment such as the compressor, the circulating pump and the like is always in an operating state, so that the damage of the movable equipment caused by frequent starting is avoided, and the full utilization of energy is realized; by adopting the three-medium heat exchanger and the corresponding steam heating circulation loop, the solvent or the medicament can be heated by the heat pump system and the medicament steam at the same time, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the extraction system is further improved.
On the basis of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, this embodiment further provides a method for extracting traditional Chinese medicine based on the tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system described in each embodiment, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, adding solvent into a buffer tank, and simultaneously switching a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve to heat the solvent in the buffer tank until the solvent reaches the preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine;
s2, adding traditional Chinese medicines into each extraction tank, randomly selecting one of the extraction tanks as a first tank for medicament configuration, opening a switch valve corresponding to the first tank, and taking the rest extraction tanks sequenced in the middle position and the last position as a middle tank and a tail tank for standby;
s3, performing traditional Chinese medicine extraction operation on the first tank, and continuously heating the solvent by the S1 to maintain the solvent at a preset temperature for traditional Chinese medicine extraction;
s4, controlling the extracting agents in the first tank to sequentially transfer to each middle tank and the tail tank in a relay mode by operating the two-way valve, and sequentially adding traditional Chinese medicine extracting operation into the extracting tanks which subsequently receive the extracting agents until all the extracting tanks synchronously extract the traditional Chinese medicine.
The traditional Chinese medicine extraction method described in S1-S4 sequentially completes the technological operations of heating the solvent, preparing the medicine, heating the medicine and extracting the medicine, and in the process, realizes continuous extraction of the medicine by each extraction tank, thereby not only greatly improving the energy utilization rate, but also maintaining the medicine and the medicine residue in the extraction tank at reasonable concentration difference and improving the extraction rate.
Further, the embodiment further includes: s5, discharging the finished medicament from the tail tank in the step S4, and ending one traditional Chinese medicine extraction period consisting of the steps S1-S5;
s6, according to the traditional Chinese medicine extraction sequence in S4, the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the second position and the first position in the previous traditional Chinese medicine extraction period are correspondingly used as the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the first position and the last position in the next traditional Chinese medicine extraction period, and the traditional Chinese medicine extraction tanks are sequentially circulated according to the rule.
Therefore, the solution according to this embodiment further realizes the dynamic uninterrupted extraction operation performed by each extraction tank on the basis of continuously extracting the medicament, that is, when three extraction tanks are set in this embodiment and the extraction tanks 21, 22, and 23 are set in this embodiment, respectively, in the first period of extracting the Chinese medicine, the sequence of extracting the Chinese medicine is as follows: extraction tank 21→extraction tank 22→extraction tank 23, based on the extraction method described in this embodiment S6, the order of performing the extraction operations on the Chinese medicine in the second and third Chinese medicine extraction cycles is respectively: the extraction tank 22- & gt the extraction tank 23- & gt the extraction tanks 21 and 23- & gt the extraction tank 21- & gt the extraction tank 22, and continuously and dynamically extracting the traditional Chinese medicine repeatedly in this way, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of extracting the traditional Chinese medicine.
Further, in this embodiment, in S4 of each period of extracting the traditional Chinese medicine, the extracting tank ordered first is further provided with a step of replenishing the solvent into the buffer tank after transferring the extracting agent to the extracting tank next to the extracting tank. By replenishing the solvent into the buffer tank in this step, it is used not only to fill the consumption of solvent in the buffer tank, but also to prepare for the extraction operation of the traditional Chinese medicines from the intermediate tank and the tail tank which are ordered later.
Further, in this embodiment, when the first tank is subjected to the operation of extracting the traditional Chinese medicine in S3, the method includes the step of heating the medicine: the switching valve corresponding to the first tank is closed, and the first reversing valve and the second reversing valve corresponding to the first tank are simultaneously switched, so that the refrigerant in the condenser or the steam generated by extracting the medicament in the tank and the refrigerant in the condenser can be used for circularly heating the medicament with the volume of 1/4-1/5 of the volume of the first tank, and the rest medicaments in the first tank are in direct contact heat exchange with the circularly heated medicament. The medicament is heated in a mode of directly contacting the medicament for heat exchange, so that the medicament can quickly reach the requirement on the extraction temperature, and compared with the traditional mode of heating the medicament by steam, the energy utilization rate and the extraction efficiency of the traditional Chinese medicine are greatly improved.
Further, in this embodiment, three extraction tanks are provided, which are a first tank, a middle tank and a last tank, and the extraction time ratio of the first tank, the middle tank and the last tank is 1:2:1, that is, when the extraction time set in the first tank is 30 minutes, the extraction time set in the middle tank and the last tank is 60 minutes and 30 minutes in sequence. Meanwhile, through setting the extraction time of the three extraction tanks, the full utilization of energy in the continuous dynamic extraction process is ensured, and the medicament and the medicine residues in the extraction tanks are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, so that the extraction efficiency is further improved, and the extraction quantity of the finished medicament is correspondingly increased.
The method for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine based on the embodiments is specifically an application of a tank-group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system, which is not only used for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine, but also used in the processes of traditional Chinese medicine digestion, water extraction, alcohol extraction and the like.
According to the traditional Chinese medicine extraction method provided by the embodiment, the heat pump system is utilized to absorb low-grade air energy in the environment to heat the solvent and the medicament, a traditional steam heating mode is replaced, and a medicament direct contact heat exchange mode is adopted, so that the heat exchange efficiency and the energy utilization rate are greatly improved; the system simultaneously adopts a mode of recycling a plurality of extraction tanks, so that the medicament and the dregs in each extraction tank are maintained at reasonable concentration difference, and the extraction rate is improved; by switching the heating extraction system and the buffer system, the movable equipment such as the compressor, the circulating pump and the like is always in an operating state, so that the damage of the movable equipment caused by frequent starting is avoided, and the full utilization of energy is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system comprises a heating system, a buffer tank and a plurality of extraction tanks, and is characterized in that the heating system is a heat pump system, the heat pump system comprises condensers which are arranged corresponding to the extraction tanks, and two ends of each extraction tank are respectively connected with the corresponding condenser through a first pipeline;
two ends of the buffer tank are respectively connected with two ends of each extraction tank in parallel through a second pipeline, and a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve are arranged at corresponding connection positions of the second pipeline and the first pipeline;
a circulating pump is arranged on the first pipeline between the first reversing valve or the second reversing valve and the condenser;
the buffer tank is connected with each extracting tank through a third pipeline, and each third pipeline is provided with a switch valve;
a fourth pipeline is arranged between any two extraction tanks, and a two-way valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline.
2. The tank-based dynamic countercurrent extraction energy conservation system of claim 1, wherein the heat pump system further comprises an evaporator and a compressor, the plurality of condensers being connected in parallel with one another by a heat pump circulation conduit;
the evaporator, the compressor and the condensers which are connected in parallel are sequentially connected through the circulating pipelines to form a closed loop, and a throttle valve is arranged on the heat pump circulating pipeline of each parallel branch.
3. The tank-type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system according to claim 2, wherein the condenser is a three-medium condenser, the three-medium condenser comprises a refrigerant flow passage, a medicament steam flow passage and an extraction heat exchange flow passage, the extraction tank is respectively connected with two ends of the medicament steam flow passage through steam pipelines, and the steam pipelines are provided with steam compressors;
the two ends of the extraction tank are respectively connected with the two ends of the corresponding extraction heat exchange flow channel through the first pipeline;
the two ends of the refrigerant flow channel are respectively connected through the heat pump circulation pipeline for realizing the parallel connection of the condensers.
4. The tank group type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system according to claim 1, wherein at least one group of spray heads are arranged at the top of the inner side of the extraction tank, spray holes are formed in the spray heads, and the diameter of the spray holes is 3-5 mm.
5. A method for extracting a traditional Chinese medicine using the tank-type dynamic countercurrent extraction energy-saving system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
s1, adding solvent into a buffer tank, and simultaneously switching a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve to heat the solvent in the buffer tank until the solvent reaches a preset temperature for extracting the traditional Chinese medicine;
s2, adding traditional Chinese medicines into each extraction tank, randomly selecting one of the extraction tanks as a first tank for medicament configuration, opening a switch valve corresponding to the first tank, and taking the rest extraction tanks sequenced in the middle position and the last position as a middle tank and a tail tank for standby;
s3, performing traditional Chinese medicine extraction operation on the first tank, and continuously heating the solvent by the S1 to maintain the solvent at a preset temperature for traditional Chinese medicine extraction;
s4, controlling the extracting agents in the first tank to sequentially transfer to the middle tank and the tail tank in a relay mode by operating the two-way valve, and sequentially adding traditional Chinese medicine extracting operation into the extracting tanks which subsequently receive the extracting agents until all the extracting tanks synchronously extract the traditional Chinese medicine.
6. The method for extracting a Chinese medicine according to claim 5, further comprising:
and S5, discharging the finished medicament from the tail tank in the step S4, and ending one traditional Chinese medicine extraction period consisting of the steps S1-S5.
7. The method for extracting a Chinese medicine according to claim 6, further comprising:
s6, according to the traditional Chinese medicine extraction sequence in S4, the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the second position and the first position in the previous traditional Chinese medicine extraction period are correspondingly used as the extraction tanks which are sequenced in the first position and the last position in the next traditional Chinese medicine extraction period, and the traditional Chinese medicine extraction tanks are sequentially circulated according to the rule.
8. The method of extracting a Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 7, wherein in S4 of each period of extracting a Chinese medicine, the extracting tank ordered first is further comprised of a step of replenishing the buffer tank with a solvent after transferring the extracting agent to the extracting tank next to the extracting tank.
9. The method of extracting a Chinese medicine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step of heating the medicine is performed when the first tank is subjected to the Chinese medicine extracting operation in S3: and closing a switching valve corresponding to the first tank, simultaneously switching a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve corresponding to the first tank, and circularly heating the medicament with the volume capacity of 1/4-1/5 of the volume capacity in the first tank by using steam in the extraction tank and refrigerant in the condenser, wherein the rest medicaments in the first tank are in direct contact heat exchange with the circularly heated medicaments.
10. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein three extraction tanks are provided, namely a first tank, a middle tank and a last tank, and the extraction time ratio of the first tank, the middle tank and the last tank is 1:2:1.
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| CN2815357Y (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2006-09-13 | 浙江科美制药机械有限公司 | Can-assembled multi-stage sleeve countercurrent extracting device |
| CN101427982B (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2014-01-08 | 天津大明制药设备厂 | Outer circulation heating pot set hot reflux traditional Chinese medicine extracting device and producing method thereof |
| CN105169743A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-23 | 象山医疗精密仪器有限公司 | Pipe spinning-type supersonic wave extraction unit and extraction technology |
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