CN110177957A - Coaxial trackless transmission device - Google Patents
Coaxial trackless transmission device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110177957A CN110177957A CN201780083318.2A CN201780083318A CN110177957A CN 110177957 A CN110177957 A CN 110177957A CN 201780083318 A CN201780083318 A CN 201780083318A CN 110177957 A CN110177957 A CN 110177957A
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of coaxial trackless transmission device is disclosed, there is one or two to be rotationally coupled to the biasing load-bearing part of shell and not be rotationally coupled to the center load-bearing part of shell.This makes cost, complexity and plot area minimization, and allows center load-bearing part relative to the autoregistration of the central component of external support, to realize the smallest friction and optimal load distribution.Second biasing load-bearing part provides inertia balance and reduces internal force to improve torque capacity and power density.The present invention is very suitable for needing the application of in-line axis and high torque density and is engaged or disengaged deceleration using clutch and brake and/or invert the automobile multi-speed application of grade.
Description
Reference to the application that early stage submits
Trackless gear-box disclosed in the application referenced patent cooperation treaty application PCT/CA2015/050423 and patent are closed
Make to mix trackless gear-box disclosed in treaty application PCT/CA2015/050861.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmission device including multiple gears or other engagement members.More specifically, the present invention relates to
And a kind of device for two components that offer is rotated with different rates.
Background technique
Trackless transmission device includes central pinion (pinion) (sun gear) and recycle on a pair of of load-bearing part one group
It biases pinion gear (planetary gear).As covered in the prior art, central pinion can be directly or through connector
It is engaged with biasing pinion gear.
In practice, central pinion and load-bearing part can be attached to the rotary shaft of external support.The external support can be sufficient
To provide alignment, mechanical support and rotatable connection, thus eliminate in trackless transmission device specific support with can
Rotate the needs of connection.
Exemplary embodiment disclosed herein depicts the specific mechanical branch not for central pinion or load-bearing part
The trackless transmission device of support member or rotatable connector.This causes component less, and cost is relatively low, and shell is smaller, and allows small
Gear autoregistration is to reduce friction, improve efficiency and extend the service life.
Some exemplary embodiments disclosed herein include with second be rotationally coupled with the second biasing load-bearing part
The biasing pinion gear of bias axis line.This causes to generate lower internal force and improved inertia balance when shell is allowed rotation.
Summary of the invention
Certain exemplary embodiments include respectively defining that the reference feature (79) of central axis (70,0,10,30), center are held
Holder (9), the first biasing load-bearing part (19) and two or more biasing members (39), in which: the reference feature (79) and
All biasing members (39) respectively include the first bias axis line (71,31), first bias axis line (71,31) with it is corresponding in
Mandrel line (70,30) is substantially parallel and the first offset or dish (91) spaced apart；The center load-bearing part (9) and described first is partially
Set load-bearing part (19) respectively include multiple first longitudinal axis (1,11), the multiple first longitudinal axis (1,11) with it is corresponding
Central axis (0,10) is substantially parallel and the first radial distance (93) spaced apart, and surrounds corresponding central axis (0,10)
It is circumferentially arranged；The first longitudinal axis (1) of the central axis (30) of each biasing member (39) and different center load-bearing parts (9)
It is rotationally coupled (80)；The first bias axis line (31) of each biasing member (39) and different first biases load-bearing part (19)
First longitudinal axis (11) is rotationally coupled (81)；And central axis (10) and the institute of first biasing load-bearing part (19)
The first bias axis line (71) for stating reference feature (79) is rotationally coupled (83).
Certain exemplary embodiments further comprise the second biasing load-bearing part (29) of restriction central axis (20), and its
In: the reference feature (79) and all biasing members (39) further comprise respectively the second bias axis line (72,32), described the
Two bias axis lines (72,32), second offset or dish (92) substantially parallel and spaced apart with corresponding central axis (70,30)；Institute
Stating the second biasing load-bearing part (29) includes multiple first longitudinal axis (21), the multiple first longitudinal axis (21) and it is described in
Mandrel line (20) is substantially parallel and the first radial distance (93) spaced apart, and around the central axis (20) circumferentially cloth
It sets；The second bias axis line (32) of each biasing member (39) and different the first longitudinal axis (21) are rotationally coupled (82)；
And the second bias axis line (72) of the central axis (20) and the reference feature (79) is rotationally coupled (84).
Certain exemplary embodiments further comprise the first central component for simultaneously engaging with (89) all biasing members (39)
(41)。
Certain exemplary embodiments further comprise the second central component (42) and one or more coupling member (59),
Wherein each coupling member (59) simultaneously engages with (88,87) one or more biasing members (39) and second central component
(42)。
In some of the exemplary embodiments, the center load-bearing part (9) further comprises multiple second longitudinal axis (2),
The quantity of the multiple second longitudinal axis (2) is equal to the quantity of coupling member (59)；All second longitudinal axis (2) with it is described
Central axis (0) is substantially parallel and the second radial distance (94) spaced apart, and around the central axis (0) circumferentially cloth
It sets；And each coupling member (59) defines the central axis that (85) are rotationally coupled from different the second longitudinal axis (2)
(50)。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that basis depicts the schematic side elevation and front view of the first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises that the second biasing is held
Holder (29).
Fig. 3 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises the first center structure
Part (41).
Fig. 4 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises that the second biasing is held
Holder (29) and the first central component (41).
Fig. 5 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises multiple flexible connection
Connection member (59) and the second central component (42).
Fig. 6 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises that the second biasing is held
Holder (29), multiple flexible connected components (59) and the second central component (42).
Fig. 7 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises multiple connection structures
Part (59) and the second central component (42).
Fig. 8 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises that the second biasing is held
Holder (29), multiple coupling members (59) and the second central component (42).
Fig. 9 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises multiple connection structures
Part (59), the first central component (41) and the second central component (42).
Figure 10 is the schematic side elevation and front view according to the first exemplary embodiment, further comprises that the second biasing is held
Holder (29), multiple coupling members (59), the first central component (41) and the second central component (42).
Figure 11 is the perspective view of two exemplary biased components (39).
Figure 12 is the schematic side elevation of the according to the present invention first exemplary practical embodiments.
Figure 13 is the schematic side elevation of the according to the present invention second exemplary practical embodiments.
Appended drawing reference
0- central axis
The first longitudinal axis of 1-
The second longitudinal axis of 2-
The center 9- load-bearing part
10- central axis
The first longitudinal axis of 11-
19- first biases load-bearing part
20- central axis
The first longitudinal axis of 21-
29- second biases load-bearing part
30- central axis
The first bias axis line of 31-
The second bias axis line of 32-
33- axis
34- axis
35- axis
The hole 36-
The hole 37-
39- biasing member
The first central component of 41-
The second central component of 42-
50- central axis
59- coupling member
70- central axis
The first bias axis line of 71-
The second bias axis line of 72-
79- reference feature
80- connection
81- connection
82- connection
83- connection
84- connection
85- connection
87- engagement
88- engagement
89- engagement
The first offset or dish of 91-
The second offset or dish of 92-
The first radial distance of 93-
The second radial distance of 94-
100- trackless transmission device
101- motor
102- planetary driving device
110- connector
111- clutch
112- brake
113- transmission shaft
114- transmission shaft
115- the earth
Definition
Gear, sprocket wheel, belt pulley, friction or magnetic coupler engage matching piece and impart power to matching piece
The component of any other type is defined as engagement member.
It is defined as pinion gear with the engagement member that outer surface is engaged.
It is defined as ring with the engagement member that inner surface is engaged.
Two including being fixedly attached on the two belt pulleys counteractive cable transmission device quilts for preloading cable
It is defined as winch cable connector.
Chain, belt, cable or any other dress for changing shape while engaging two or more engagement members
It sets and is defined as flexible coupler.
The flexible coupler for simultaneously engaging with three or more engagement members is defined as snakelike connector.
The device that the relative velocity of two rotating members and torque zoom in and out is defined as transmission device, can wrap
It includes or does not include any gear.
It reduces speed and amplifies the transmission device of torque and be defined as speed reduction gearing.
Amplification speed simultaneously reduces the transmission device of torque and is defined as multiplying gear (overdrive drive).
Can be used as speed reduction gearing or multiplying gear transmission device be defined as can reverse drive transmission dress
It sets.
Can be used as speed reduction gearing but cannot act as multiplying gear transmission device be defined as self-locking transmission dress
It sets.
Specific embodiment
Whenever possible, in entire attached drawing and description make that the same or similar portion is denoted by the same reference numerals
Point.
For the sake of simplicity, such as bearing, retainer and the fastener to the understanding present invention essentially without contribution are had ignored
Deng component.
Whenever describing more than one reference feature [79], it should be understood that they both correspond to common integrated base
Quasi- component [79], is omitted specific connecting elements for the sake of simplicity.
Whenever describing spur gear (spur gear) in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that many other engagement devices are to meet
, such as cone, radiation, biasing, spiral (spiral), spiral shape (helical), Double-spiral, herringbone
(herring-bone) or gear, friction or the magnetic jack of gear hobbing shape (roller tooth), chain and sprocket wheel or strand
Disk cable connector.It will also be appreciated that associated gear may include any facewidth, flank profil, pressure angle or modulus, and
It can be made of metal, plastics or any other material appropriate.
When central component (41,42) is portrayed as pinion gear in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that it usually can be by ring
Instead of.
When coupling member (59) is portrayed as pinion gear in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that it usually can be flexible
Coupling member replaces, and multiple flexible connected components can usually be replaced by snakelike coupling member.
Although depicting three biasing members (39) in the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that, as long as they do not do mechanically
It relates to, then may include any quantity.
Although depicting single-stage driving device in the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that, multiple transmission devices can connect or simultaneously
Connection connection, and the present invention can be with the transmission combination of any other type to obtain desired speed ratio or other spies
Property.
Although each biasing member (39) is portrayed as including the rotatable connection in single center (80), Ying Li in the accompanying drawings
Solution, in order to which symmetrically the rotatable connection in the second center (80) can be added in opposite side.
Although all biasing members (39) are portrayed as in the accompanying drawings it is substantially equivalent, it will be appreciated that, adjacent is inclined
Setting component (39) may include with the gear teeth with the first and second bias axis lines (31,32) out-phase to improve assemble ability.
Although all coupling members (59) being portrayed as respectively engage single biasing member (39) in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that
, rigid or snakelike coupling member (59) can simultaneously engage with multiple biasing members (39).
Although all first and second longitudinal axis (1,2,11,21) are portrayed as around corresponding central axis in the accompanying drawings
Line (0,10,20) is circumferentially equally spaced, it will be appreciated that, they can be spaced apart with non-equidistant, although may generate
Vibration.
It should be understood that the convex and female component of rotatable connection usually can be interchanged.
It should be understood that can the transmission device of reverse drive can be by mutual by the effect of its high speed component and low speed component
Offer deceleration or multiplying gear are provided.In fact, the effect of the high speed component and low speed component of benchmark can be exchanged all
To obtain desired deceleration or speed increasing ratio, or so that associated component is rotated along identical or opposite direction.Similarly, such as
Any one of fruit is used as input link and other two is used as output link, then obtains differential attachment.Deceleration, speedup, difference
Dynamic and reverse drive is all contemplated that.
It will be appreciated that reference feature (79), any central component (41,42), any biasing member (39) or any holding
Any one of holder (9,19,29) may be used as benchmark, input or output link.
It for example purposes, in the accompanying drawings include the representative sample of embodiment.Also contemplate many additional rings
With pinion gear combination and kinematics arrangement.The scope of the present invention is not limited to included embodiment, but cover specification and
All possible combination desired by claim.
Fig. 1 shows the first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
First exemplary embodiment include reference feature (79), center load-bearing part (9), first biasing load-bearing part (19) and
Two or more biasing members (39).
Reference feature (79) includes central axis (70) and the first bias axis line (71).
First bias axis line (71) is substantially parallel with central axis (70) and is spaced apart the first offset or dish (91).
Each biasing member (39) includes central axis (30) and the first bias axis line (31).
Each first bias axis line (31) first offset substantially parallel and spaced apart with corresponding central axis (30)
From (91).
Center load-bearing part (9) includes central axis (0) and multiple first longitudinal axis (1), first longitudinal axis (1)
Quantity is equal to the quantity of biasing member (39).
All first longitudinal axis (1) are substantially parallel with central axis (0) and are spaced apart the first radial distance (93), and
And it is circumferentially arranged around central axis (0).
First biasing load-bearing part (19) includes central axis (10) and multiple first longitudinal axis (11), first radial axle
The quantity of line (11) is equal to the quantity of biasing member (39).
All first longitudinal axis (11) are substantially parallel with central axis (10) and are spaced apart the first radial distance (93),
And it is circumferentially arranged around central axis (10).
Each central axis (30) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (1) and is rotationally coupled (80).
Each first bias axis line (31) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (11) and is rotationally coupled
(81)。
Central axis (10) is substantially coaxial with the first bias axis line (71) and is rotationally coupled (83).
Fig. 2 shows the second exemplary embodiments of the invention comprising the feature of the first exemplary embodiment, and into
One step includes the second biasing load-bearing part (29).
Reference feature (79) further comprises the second bias axis line (72), second bias axis line (72) and central axis
(70) substantially parallel and the second offset or dish (92) spaced apart.
Each biasing member (39) further comprises the second bias axis line (32), second bias axis line (32) with it is corresponding
Central axis (30) is substantially parallel and the second offset or dish (92) spaced apart.
Second biasing load-bearing part (29) includes central axis (20) and multiple first longitudinal axis (21), first radial axle
The quantity of line (21) is equal to the quantity of biasing member (39).
All first longitudinal axis (21) are substantially parallel with central axis (20) and are spaced apart the first radial distance (93),
And it is circumferentially arranged around central axis (20).
Each second bias axis line (32) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (21) and is rotationally coupled
(82)。
Central axis (20) is substantially coaxial with the second bias axis line (72) and is rotationally coupled (84).
Fig. 3 shows third exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising the feature of the first exemplary embodiment, and into
One step includes the first central component (41) for simultaneously engaging with (89) all biasing members (39).
Fig. 4 shows the 4th exemplary embodiment of the invention, the first, second, and third exemplary embodiment of a combination thereof
Specific characteristic.
Fig. 5 shows the 5th exemplary embodiment of the invention, a combination thereof feature of the first exemplary embodiment, and
It further comprise the second central component (42) and multiple flexible connected components (59), the quantity of flexible connected component (59) is equal to inclined
Set the quantity of component (39).
Second central component (42) is substantially coaxial with central axis (70) and simultaneously engages with (87) all flexible connected structures
Part (59), the different biasing member (39) of each flexible connected component (59) engagement (88).
Fig. 6 shows the 6th exemplary embodiment of the invention, a combination thereof first, second and the 5th exemplary embodiment
Specific characteristic.
Fig. 7 shows the 7th exemplary embodiment of the invention, a combination thereof feature of the first exemplary embodiment, and
It further comprise the second central component (42) and multiple coupling members (59), the quantity of coupling member (59) is equal to biasing member
(39) quantity.
Second central component (42) is substantially coaxial with central axis (70) and simultaneously engages with (87) all coupling members
(59), the different biasing member (39) of each coupling member (59) engagement (88).
Center load-bearing part (9) further comprises multiple second longitudinal axis (2), the quantity etc. of second longitudinal axis (2)
Quantity in coupling member (59).
All second longitudinal axis (2) are substantially parallel with central axis (0) and are spaced apart the second radial distance (94), and
And it is circumferentially arranged around central axis (0).
Each coupling member (59) further comprises central axis (50), and the central axis (50) is radial from different second
Axis (2) is substantially coaxial and is rotationally coupled (85).
Fig. 8 shows the 8th exemplary embodiment of the invention, a combination thereof first, second and the 7th exemplary embodiment
Specific characteristic.
Fig. 9 shows the 9th exemplary embodiment of the invention, a combination thereof first, third and the 7th exemplary embodiment
Specific characteristic.
Figure 10 shows the tenth exemplary embodiment of the invention, and a combination thereof first, second, third and the 7th is exemplary
The specific characteristic of embodiment.
Figure 11 depicts can be included in the exemplary embodiment of of the invention second, the four, the 8th or the tenth two
A exemplary biased component (39a, 39b).
Each biasing member (39a, 39b) includes the symmetrical centre axis (33) coaxial with central axis (30).
One biasing member (39a) shows first bias axis (34) coaxial with the first bias axis line (31) and with
Coaxial the second bias axis (35) of two bias axis lines (32).
Another biasing member (39b) shows first offset hole (36) coaxial with the first bias axis line (31) and with
Coaxial the second offset hole (37) of two bias axis lines (32).
Figure 12 shows the first exemplary practical embodiments of trackless transmission device (100), corresponds to the present invention the 4th
Exemplary embodiment.
First exemplary practical embodiments include motor (101), trackless transmission device (100) and planetary driving device
(102)。
The central axis (70) of motor (101), trackless transmission device (100) and planetary driving device (102) is all total
With.
The reference feature (79) of motor (101), trackless transmission device (100) and planetary driving device (102) is whole one
Body.
The output shaft (113) of motor (101) and the first central component (41) of trackless transmission device (100) are coaxial and one
Body.
The input shaft (114) of planetary driving device (102) and the center load-bearing part (9) of trackless transmission device (100) are same
Axis is simultaneously integrated.
Figure 13 shows the second exemplary practical embodiments of trackless transmission device (100), corresponds to of the invention the
Four exemplary embodiments.
Second exemplary practical embodiments include trackless transmission device (100), can activate clutch (111), can activate system
Dynamic device (112), high-speed drive shaft (113) and low-speed shaft (114).
Reference feature (79) and the earth (115) are rotationally coupled (110).
When clutch (111) is activated, reference feature (79) and the first central component (41) are fixedly engaged.
When brake (112) is activated, reference feature (79) and the earth (115) are fixedly engaged.
High-speed drive shaft (113) and the first central component (41) are coaxial and integrated.
Low-speed shaft (114) and center load-bearing part (9) are coaxial and integrated.
Example
First example considers the first exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
Central axis (0,70) is located so that they are coaxial, and makes center load-bearing part (9) around central shaft
Line (0) rotation, so that each biasing member (39) is enclosed in the case where not rotating around its own corresponding central axis (30)
It is recycled around central axis (70).
Second example considers the second exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2.
Due to the mechanical constraint that the first and second biasings load-bearing part (19,29) are applied, central axis (0,70) is substantially
It is coaxial.
Rotate center load-bearing part (9) around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own
It is recycled in the case where corresponding central axis (30) rotation around central axis (70).
Third example considers third exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
Central axis (0,70) is located so that they are coaxial, and makes center load-bearing part (9) around central shaft
Line (0) rotation, so that each biasing member (39) is enclosed in the case where not rotating around its own corresponding central axis (30)
Recycled around central axis (70), and engage (89) first central components (41), thus make the first central component (41) with center
The different rate rotation of load-bearing part (9).
4th example considers the 4th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
Due to the mechanical constraint that the first and second biasings load-bearing part (19,29) are applied, central axis (0,70) is substantially
It is coaxial.
Due to the mechanical constraint that engagement (89) apply, the first central component (41) and central axis (70) are substantially coaxial
's.
Rotate center load-bearing part (9) around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own
It is recycled in the case where corresponding central axis (30) rotation around central axis (70), and engages (89) first central components
(41), so that the first central component (41) be made to rotate with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9).
5th example considers the 5th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 5.
Central axis (0,70) and the second central component (42) are located so that they are all coaxial, and made
Heart load-bearing part (9) is rotated around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own corresponding central axis
Line (30) recycles in the case where rotating around central axis (70), and engages (88) flexible connected component (59), the flexible connected
Component (59) engages (87) second central components (42), to make the second central component (42) with different from center load-bearing part (9)
Rate rotation.
6th example considers the 6th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 6.
Due to the mechanical constraint that the first and second biasings load-bearing part (19,29) are applied, central axis (0,70) is substantially
It is coaxial.
Central axis (70) and the second central component (42) are located so that they are coaxial, and carry center
Part (9) is rotated around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own corresponding central axis (30)
It is recycled in the case where rotation around central axis (70), and engages (88) flexible connected component (59), the flexible connected component
(59) (87) second central components (42) are engaged, to make the second central component (42) with the speed different from center load-bearing part (9)
Rate rotation.
7th example considers the 7th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 7.
Central axis (0,70) and the second central component (42) are located so that they are all coaxial, and made
Heart load-bearing part (9) is rotated around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own corresponding central axis
Line (30) recycles in the case where rotating around central axis (70), and engages (88) coupling member (59), the coupling member (59)
(87) second central components (42) are engaged, so that the second central component (42) be made to revolve with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9)
Turn.
8th example considers the 8th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 8.
Due to the mechanical constraint that the first and second biasings load-bearing part (19,29) are applied, central axis (0,70) is substantially
It is coaxial.
By the mechanical constraint that engagement (87) is applied, the second central component (42) and central axis (70) are substantially same
Axis.
Rotate center load-bearing part (9) around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own
It is recycled in the case where corresponding central axis (30) rotation around central axis (70), and engages (88) coupling member (59), it should
Coupling member (59) engage (87) second central components (42), thus make the second central component (42) with center load-bearing part (9)
Different rate rotations.
9th example considers the 9th exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 9.
Central axis (0,70), the first central component (41) and the second central component (42) are located so that they are complete
Portion is coaxial, and rotates center load-bearing part (9) around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around it
It is recycled in the case where itself corresponding central axis (30) rotation around central axis (70), and engages (89) first central components
(41), so that the first central component (41) be made to rotate with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9).
Each biasing member (39) simultaneously engages with (88) coupling member (59), in the coupling member (59) engagement (87) second
Heart component (42), so that the second central component (42) be made to rotate with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9).
Tenth example considers the tenth exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 10.
Due to the mechanical constraint that the first and second biasings load-bearing part (19,29) are applied, central axis (0,70) is substantially
It is coaxial.
By the mechanical constraint that engagement (89) is applied, the first central component (41) and central axis (70) are substantially same
Axis.
By the mechanical constraint that engagement (87) is applied, the second central component (42) and central axis (70) are substantially same
Axis.
Rotate center load-bearing part (9) around center axis thereof (0), so that each biasing member (39) is not around its own
It is recycled in the case where corresponding central axis (30) rotation around central axis (70), and engages (89) first central components
(41), so that the first central component (41) be made to rotate with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9).
Each biasing member (39) simultaneously engages with (88) coupling member (59), in the coupling member (59) engagement (87) second
Heart component (42), so that the second central component (42) be made to rotate with the rate different from center load-bearing part (9).
11st example considers biasing member shown in Figure 11 (39a, 39b).
Two biasing members (39a, 39b) include symmetrical a pair of of central axis (33), and a pair of of central axis (33) provides
The convex part of rotatable connection (80) on central axis (30).
One biasing member (39a) includes bias axis (34,35), and bias axis (34,35) is provided first and second partially
Set the convex part of the rotatable connection (81,82) on axis (31,32).
Another biasing member (39b) includes offset hole (36,37), and offset hole (36,37) is provided first and second
The female component of rotatable connection (81,82) in bias axis line (31,32).
12nd example considers two-stage activated actuators shown in Figure 12.
The transmission shaft (113) of motor (101) provides the central axis of the first central component (41) and reference feature (79)
(70) coaxial alignment and rotatable connection between.
The transmission shaft (114) of planetary driving device (102) provides the central axis (0) and base of the first center load-bearing part (9)
Coaxial alignment and rotatable connection between the central axis (70) of quasi- component (79).
13rd example considers double speed trackless transmission device (100) shown in Figure 13.
When clutch (111) engage and brake (112) is disengaged, reference feature (79), the first central component
(41) it is all uniformly rotated with center load-bearing part (9), and high-speed drive shaft (113) and low-speed shaft (114) are with common
Speed rotation.
When the first and second offset or dishes (91,92) are equal, when entire component is rotated around central axis (70), first
It balances each other with the second biasing load-bearing part (19,29).
When clutch (111) is disengaged and brake (112) engages, trackless transmission device (100) the such as the 4th is real
It is operated like that described in example, and high-speed drive shaft (113) and low-speed shaft (114) are rotated with different rates.
Benefit
Exemplary embodiment disclosed herein has many beneficial characteristics.
Certain exemplary embodiments need less bearing than traditional trackless transmission device.
The manufacturing cost of certain exemplary embodiments is lower than traditional trackless transmission device.
Certain exemplary embodiments have shell more smaller than traditional trackless transmission device.
Certain exemplary embodiments provide the improved load distribution compared with traditional trackless transmission device.
Certain exemplary embodiments generate smaller internal force than traditional trackless transmission device.
Certain exemplary embodiments have torque capacity more higher than traditional trackless transmission device.
When the rotation of entire component, certain exemplary embodiments generate smaller vibration than traditional trackless transmission device.
According to the disclosure of this article, other benefits are obvious.
Claims (according to the 19th article of modification of treaty)
1. a kind of device, including reference feature (79), center load-bearing part (9), the first biasing load-bearing part (19), the second biasing carrying
Part (29) and two or more biasing members (39), in which:
The reference feature (79) includes reference feature central axis (70), the first bias axis line of reference feature (71) and benchmark structure
The second bias axis line of part (72)；
First bias axis line of reference feature (71) is substantially parallel with the reference feature central axis (70) and is spaced apart
First offset or dish (91)；
Second bias axis line of reference feature (72) is substantially parallel with the reference feature central axis (70) and is spaced apart
Second offset or dish (92)；
Each biasing member (39) includes biasing member central axis (30), the first bias axis line of biasing member (31) and biasing structure
The second bias axis line of part (32)；
Each the first bias axis line of biasing member (31) is substantially parallel with corresponding biasing member central axis (30) and is spaced
Open first offset or dish (91)；
Each the second bias axis line of biasing member (32) is substantially parallel with corresponding biasing member central axis (30) and is spaced
Open second offset or dish (92)；
The center load-bearing part (9) includes center load-bearing part central axis (0) and multiple the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part
(1), the quantity of the multiple the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1) are substantially parallel with the center load-bearing part central axis (0) and are spaced
It opens the first radial distance (93), and is circumferentially arranged around the center load-bearing part central axis (0)；
First biasing load-bearing part (19) includes the first biasing load-bearing part central axis (10) and multiple first biasing load-bearing parts
The quantity of longitudinal axis (11), the multiple first biasing load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11) is equal to the number of the biasing member (39)
Amount；
All first biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11) and first biasing load-bearing part central axis (10) are substantially parallel
And it is spaced apart first radial distance (93), and bias load-bearing part central axis (10) circumferentially cloth around described first
It sets；
Second biasing load-bearing part (29) includes the second biasing load-bearing part central axis (20) and multiple second biasing load-bearing parts
The quantity of longitudinal axis (21), the multiple second biasing load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21) is equal to the number of the biasing member (39)
Amount；
All second biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21) and second biasing load-bearing part central axis (20) are substantially parallel
And it is spaced apart first radial distance (93), and bias load-bearing part central axis (20) circumferentially cloth around described second
It sets；
Each biasing member central axis (30) and different the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1) are substantially coaxial and rotatable
Ground couples (80)；
Each the first bias axis line of biasing member (31) and different first biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11) substantially it is coaxial simultaneously
It is rotationally coupled (81)；
Each the second bias axis line of biasing member (32) and different second biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21) substantially it is coaxial simultaneously
It is rotationally coupled (82)；
First biasing load-bearing part central axis (10) and first bias axis line of reference feature (71) substantially it is coaxial simultaneously
It is rotationally coupled (83)；
And second biasing load-bearing part central axis (20) and second bias axis line of reference feature (72) are substantially same
Axis is simultaneously rotationally coupled (84).
2. the apparatus according to claim 1 further comprises in simultaneously engage with (89) all biasing members (39) first
Heart component (41).
3. the apparatus according to claim 1 further comprises the second central component (42) and one or more connection structures
Part (59), and wherein:
Each coupling member (59) simultaneously engages with (88) one or more biasing members (39)；
And second central component (42) simultaneously engages with (87) all coupling members (59).
4. device according to claim 3, in which: each coupling member (59) is flexible connected component.
5. device according to claim 3, in which:
The center load-bearing part (9) further comprises multiple the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2), the multiple center carrying
The quantity of the second longitudinal axis of part (2) is equal to the quantity of the coupling member (59)；
All the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2) are substantially parallel with the center load-bearing part central axis (0) and are spaced
It opens the second radial distance (94), and is circumferentially arranged around the center load-bearing part central axis (0)；
Each coupling member (59) further comprises coupling member central axis (50), the coupling member central axis (50) with
Different the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2) is substantially coaxial and is rotationally coupled (85).
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein first offset or dish (91) and second offset or dish (92)
Equal, first bias axis line (71) and second bias axis line (72) are located at opposite the two of the central axis (70)
Side, and each first bias axis line (31) and each second bias axis line (32) are located at the corresponding central axis of each biasing member (39)
The two opposite sides of line (30).
7. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the center load-bearing part central axis (0) and the reference feature
Mandrel line (70) is rotationally coupled.
8. a kind of method, comprising:
There is provided reference feature (79), center load-bearing part (9), first biasing load-bearing part (19), second biasing load-bearing part (29) and
Two or more biasing members (39)；
Reference feature central axis (70) are provided for the reference feature (79)；
The first bias axis line of reference feature (71) further are provided for the reference feature (79), the reference feature first biases
Axis (71) is substantially parallel with the reference feature central axis (70) and is spaced apart the first offset or dish (91)；
The second bias axis line of reference feature (72) further are provided for the reference feature (79), the reference feature second biases
Component (72) is substantially parallel with the reference feature central axis (70) and is spaced apart the second offset or dish (92)；
Biasing member central axis (30) are provided for each biasing member (39)；
The first bias axis line of biasing member (31) further are provided for each biasing member (39), the biasing member first biases
Axis (31) is substantially parallel with corresponding biasing member central axis (30) and is spaced apart first offset or dish (91)；
The second bias axis line of biasing member (32) further are provided for each biasing member (39), the biasing member second biases
Axis (32) is substantially parallel with corresponding biasing member central axis (30) and is spaced apart second offset or dish (92)；
Center load-bearing part central axis (0) and multiple the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part are provided for the center load-bearing part (9)
(1), the quantity of the multiple the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1) are located so that they and the center load-bearing part central axis (0)
First radial distance (93) substantially parallel and spaced apart, and surround the center load-bearing part central axis (0) circumferentially cloth
It sets；
The first biasing load-bearing part central axis (10) and multiple first biasing carryings are provided for first biasing load-bearing part (19)
The quantity of part longitudinal axis (11), the multiple first biasing load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11) is equal to the biasing member (39)
Quantity；
All first biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11) are located so that they and the first biasing load-bearing part central axis
Line (10) is substantially parallel and is spaced apart first radial distance (93), and around the first biasing load-bearing part central axis
Line (10) is circumferentially arranged；
The second biasing load-bearing part central axis (20) and multiple second biasing carryings are provided for second biasing load-bearing part (29)
The quantity of part longitudinal axis (21), the multiple second biasing load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21) is equal to the biasing member (39)
Quantity；
All second biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21) are located so that they and the second biasing load-bearing part central axis
Line (20) is substantially parallel and is spaced apart first radial distance (93), and around the second biasing load-bearing part central axis
Line (20) is circumferentially arranged；
Each biasing member central axis (30) is rotationally coupled from different the first longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (1)
(80)；
Each the first bias axis line of biasing member (31) is rotatably joined from the first different biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (11)
Connect (81)；
Each the second bias axis line of biasing member (32) is rotatably joined from the second different biasings load-bearing part longitudinal axis (21)
Connect (82)；
First biasing load-bearing part central axis (10) is rotatably joined with first bias axis line of reference feature (71)
Connect (83)；
And it is second biasing load-bearing part central axis (20) and second bias axis line of reference feature (72) is rotatable
Ground couples (84).
9. according to the method described in claim 8, further provide for the first central component (41), first central component (41)
(89) are simultaneously engaged with all biasing members (39).
10. according to the method described in claim 8,
Further provide for the second central component (42) and one or more coupling members (59)；
Each coupling member (59) and one or more biasing members (39) are made to simultaneously engage with (88)；
And second central component (42) and all coupling members (59) is made to simultaneously engage with (87).
11. according to the method described in claim 10, wherein, each coupling member (59) is flexible connected component.
12. method according to claim 10；
Multiple the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2) further are provided for the center load-bearing part (9), the multiple center is held
The quantity of the second longitudinal axis of holder (2) is equal to the quantity of the coupling member (59)；
All the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2) are located so that they and the center load-bearing part central axis (0)
Second radial distance (94) substantially parallel and spaced apart, and surround the center load-bearing part central axis (0) circumferentially cloth
It sets；
Coupling member central axis (50) further are provided for each coupling member (59), the coupling member central axis (50)
(85) are rotationally coupled from different the second longitudinal axis of center load-bearing part (2).
13. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, first offset or dish (91) and second offset or dish
(92) equal, first bias axis line (71) and second bias axis line (72) are located at the opposite of the central axis (70)
Two sides, and each first bias axis line (31) and each second bias axis line (32) are located at the corresponding center of each biasing member (39)
The two opposite sides of axis (30).
14. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, in the center load-bearing part central axis (0) and the reference feature
Mandrel line (70) is rotationally coupled.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of device, including reference feature (79), center load-bearing part (9), the first biasing load-bearing part (19) and two or more
More biasing members (39), in which:
The reference feature (79) includes central axis (70) and the first bias axis line (71)；
First bias axis line (71) is substantially parallel with the central axis (70) and is spaced apart the first offset or dish (91)；
Each biasing member (39) includes central axis (30) and the first bias axis line (31)；
Each first bias axis line (31) is substantially parallel with corresponding central axis (30) and is spaced apart first offset
From (91)；
The center load-bearing part (9) includes central axis (0) and multiple first longitudinal axis (1), the multiple first radial axle
The quantity of line (1) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (1) are substantially parallel with the central axis (0) and are spaced apart the first radial distance (93), and
And it is circumferentially arranged around the central axis (0)；
First biasing load-bearing part (19) includes central axis (10) and multiple first longitudinal axis (11), and the multiple first
The quantity of longitudinal axis (11) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (11) are substantially parallel with the central axis (10) and are spaced apart first radial distance
(93), it and around the central axis (10) is circumferentially arranged；
Each central axis (30) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (1) and is rotationally coupled (80)；
Each first bias axis line (31) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (11) and is rotationally coupled (81)；
And the central axis (10) is substantially coaxial with first bias axis line (71) and is rotationally coupled (83).
2. the apparatus according to claim 1 further comprises the second biasing load-bearing part (29), and wherein:
The reference feature (79) further comprises the second bias axis line (72), second bias axis line (72) and the center
Axis (70) is substantially parallel and the second offset or dish (92) spaced apart；
Each biasing member (39) further comprises the second bias axis line (32), second bias axis line (32) with it is corresponding in
Mandrel line (30) is substantially parallel and is spaced apart second offset or dish (92)；
Second biasing load-bearing part (29) includes central axis (20) and multiple first longitudinal axis (21), and the multiple first
The quantity of longitudinal axis (21) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (21) are substantially parallel with the central axis (20) and are spaced apart first radial distance
(93), it and around the central axis (20) is circumferentially arranged；
Each second bias axis line (32) is substantially coaxial from different the first longitudinal axis (21) and is rotationally coupled (82)；
And the central axis (20) is substantially coaxial with second bias axis line (72) and is rotationally coupled (84).
3. the apparatus according to claim 1 further comprises in simultaneously engage with (89) all biasing members (39) first
Heart component (41).
4. the apparatus according to claim 1 further comprises the second central component (42) and one or more connection structures
Part (59), and wherein:
Each coupling member (59) simultaneously engages with (88) one or more biasing members (39)；
And second central component (42) simultaneously engages with (87) all coupling members (59).
5. device according to claim 4, in which:
The center load-bearing part (9) further comprises multiple second longitudinal axis (2), the multiple second longitudinal axis (2)
Quantity is equal to the quantity of the coupling member (59)；
All second longitudinal axis (2) are substantially parallel with the central axis (0) and are spaced apart the second radial distance (94), and
And it is circumferentially arranged around the central axis (0)；
Each coupling member (59) further comprises central axis (50), the central axis (50) and the second different radial axles
Line (2) is substantially coaxial and is rotationally coupled (85).
6. a kind of device, comprising:
Respectively define reference feature (79), the center load-bearing part (9), the first biasing load-bearing part of central axis (70,0,10,30)
(19) and two or more biasing members (39), in which:
The reference feature (79) and all biasing members (39) respectively include the first bias axis line (71,31), and described first partially
Set axis (71,31) first offset or dish (91) substantially parallel and spaced apart with corresponding central axis (70,30)；
The center load-bearing part (9) and first biasing load-bearing part (19) respectively include multiple first longitudinal axis (1,11),
The multiple first longitudinal axis (1,11) it is substantially parallel with corresponding central axis (0,10) and it is spaced apart first it is radial away from
It is circumferentially arranged from (93), and around corresponding central axis (0,10)；
Different the first longitudinal axis (1) of the central axis (30) and center load-bearing part (9) of each biasing member (39) is rotatably
Couple (80)；
The first different longitudinal axis of the first bias axis line (31) of each biasing member (39) and the first biasing load-bearing part (19)
(11) (81) are rotationally coupled；
And the central axis (10) of first biasing load-bearing part (19) and first bias axis line of the reference feature (79)
(71) (83) are rotationally coupled.
7. device according to claim 6 further comprises the second biasing load-bearing part (29) for limiting central axis (20),
And wherein:
The reference feature (79) and all biasing members (39) further comprise respectively the second bias axis line (72,32), described
Second bias axis line (72,32), second offset or dish (92) substantially parallel and spaced apart with corresponding central axis (70,30)；
Second biasing load-bearing part (29) includes multiple first longitudinal axis (21), the multiple first longitudinal axis (21) with
The central axis (20) is substantially parallel and the first radial distance (93) spaced apart, and around the central axis (20) week
It is arranged to ground；
The second bias axis line (32) of each biasing member (39) and different the first longitudinal axis (21) are rotationally coupled (82)；
And the second bias axis line (72) of the central axis (20) and the reference feature (79) is rotationally coupled (84).
8. device according to claim 6 further comprises in simultaneously engage with (89) all biasing members (39) first
Heart component (41).
9. device according to claim 6 further comprises the second central component (42) and one or more connection structures
Part (59), wherein each coupling member (59) simultaneously engages in (88,87) one or more biasing members (39) and described second
Heart component (42).
10. device according to claim 9, in which:
The center load-bearing part (9) further comprises multiple second longitudinal axis (2), the multiple second longitudinal axis (2)
Quantity is equal to the quantity of the coupling member (59)；
All second longitudinal axis (2) are substantially parallel with the central axis (0) and are spaced apart the second radial distance (94), and
And it is circumferentially arranged around the central axis (0)；
And each coupling member (59) defines the central axis that (85) are rotationally coupled from different the second longitudinal axis (2)
(50)。
11. a kind of method, comprising:
Reference feature (79), center load-bearing part (9), the first biasing load-bearing part (19) and two or more biasing members are provided
(39)；
Central axis (70) and the first bias axis line (71), first bias axis line (71) are provided for the reference feature (79)
It is substantially parallel with the central axis (70) and be spaced apart the first offset or dish (91)；
Central axis (30) and the first bias axis line (31), first bias axis line (31) are provided for each biasing member (39)
It is substantially parallel with corresponding central axis (30) and be spaced apart first offset or dish (91)；
Central axis (0) and multiple first longitudinal axis (1) are provided for the center load-bearing part (9), the multiple first is radial
The quantity of axis (1) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (1) are located so that they are substantially parallel with the central axis (0) and are spaced apart
One radial distance (93), and be circumferentially arranged around the central axis (0)；
Central axis (10) and multiple first longitudinal axis (11) are provided for first biasing load-bearing part (19), the multiple the
The quantity of one longitudinal axis (11) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (11) are located so that they are substantially parallel with the central axis (10) and are spaced apart
First radial distance (93), and be circumferentially arranged around the central axis (10)；
Each central axis (30) is rotationally coupled (80) from different the first longitudinal axis (1)；
Each first bias axis line (31) is rotationally coupled (81) from different longitudinal axis (11)；
And the central axis (10) and first bias axis line (71) are rotationally coupled (83).
12. according to the method for claim 11, it is further provided the second biasing load-bearing part (29)；
The second bias axis line (72) are provided for the reference feature (79), second bias axis line (72) and the central axis
(70) substantially parallel and the second offset or dish (92) spaced apart；
The second bias axis line (32) are provided for each biasing member (39), second bias axis line (32) and corresponding central axis
Line (30) is substantially parallel and is spaced apart second offset or dish (92)；
Central axis (20) and multiple first longitudinal axis (21) are provided for second biasing load-bearing part (29), the multiple the
The quantity of one longitudinal axis (21) is equal to the quantity of the biasing member (39)；
All first longitudinal axis (21) are located so that they are substantially parallel with the central axis (20) and are spaced apart
First radial distance (93), and be circumferentially arranged around the central axis (20)；
Each second bias axis line (32) is rotationally coupled (82) from different longitudinal axis (21)；
And the central axis (20) and second bias axis line (72) are rotationally coupled (84).
13. according to the method for claim 11, it is further provided the first central component (41) simultaneously makes first center structure
Part (41) and all biasing members (39) simultaneously engage with (89).
14. according to the method for claim 11, it is further provided the second central component (42) and one or more connections
Component (59), and make each coupling member (59) and one or more biasing members (39) and with second central component
(42) (88,87) are simultaneously engaged with.
15. method according to claim 14；
Multiple second longitudinal axis (2), the quantity of the multiple second longitudinal axis (2) are provided for the center load-bearing part (9)
Equal to the quantity of the coupling member (59)；
All second longitudinal axis (2) are located so that they are substantially parallel with the central axis (0) and are spaced apart
Two radial distances (94), and be circumferentially arranged around the central axis (0)；
It is for each coupling member (59) offer central axis (50) and the central axis (50) and different second is radial
Axis (2) is rotationally coupled (85).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2017/051439 WO2019104410A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Coaxial orbitless drive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110177957A true CN110177957A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
Family
ID=66663708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780083318.2A Pending CN110177957A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Coaxial trackless transmission device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3538787A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110177957A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019104410A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5833567A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-11-10 | Fernandez; Angel | Inertial power transmission |
| CN103807387A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-21 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Triple clutch multi-speed transmission |
| US20140200109A1 (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Leo James Stocco | Planetary Gear Pump |
| CN106536974A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-03-22 | 利奥·J·斯托科 | Orbitless gearbox |
| CN107208745A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-09-26 | 利奥·斯托科 | Hybrid rail-free gear-box |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB430054A (en) * | 1934-05-09 | 1935-06-12 | John Richard Kenny | Improvements in or relating to variable speed gearing |
| US9829084B2 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2017-11-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Integrated gear assembly |
-
2017
- 2017-11-29 CN CN201780083318.2A patent/CN110177957A/en active Pending
- 2017-11-29 EP EP17933642.5A patent/EP3538787A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-11-29 WO PCT/CA2017/051439 patent/WO2019104410A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5833567A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-11-10 | Fernandez; Angel | Inertial power transmission |
| CN103807387A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-21 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Triple clutch multi-speed transmission |
| US20140200109A1 (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2014-07-17 | Leo James Stocco | Planetary Gear Pump |
| CN106536974A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2017-03-22 | 利奥·J·斯托科 | Orbitless gearbox |
| CN107208745A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-09-26 | 利奥·斯托科 | Hybrid rail-free gear-box |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2019104410A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
| EP3538787A4 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
| EP3538787A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
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