CN110177860A - Fuel droplets - Google Patents
Fuel droplets Download PDFInfo
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- CN110177860A CN110177860A CN201780082886.0A CN201780082886A CN110177860A CN 110177860 A CN110177860 A CN 110177860A CN 201780082886 A CN201780082886 A CN 201780082886A CN 110177860 A CN110177860 A CN 110177860A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of constituents of fuel droplets.The constituent of the fuel droplets includes amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule.The constituent of the fuel droplets further includes at least one of tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier.The constituent of the fuel droplets further includes hydrophilic segment.The constituent of the fuel droplets further includes hydrophobic part.The droplet, including the hydrophilic segment and the hydrophobic part, including the characteristic to be selected beneficial to combustion characteristics.Selected characteristics include flash-point, autoignition temperature, density, viscosity, compatibility, size, ignition temperature, organic trait, inorganic characteristic, zwitterionic character, micella characteristic and particle characteristics.
Description
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to fuel technology, especially a kind of fuel droplets.
Background technique
In the past decade, due to the toxic gas of internal combustion engine generation (such as oxides of nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide or an oxidation
Carbon) and soot emissions reduction and the efficiency of internal combustion engine raising, water-in-oil type fuel (for example, water, diesel emulsion liquid) is
It is popularized.Fuel due to that can be resolved into smaller droplet when evaporation by water-in-oil type fuel, compared with single traditional fuel,
The surface area for increasing water-in-oil type fuel promotes more effective fuel combustion in internal combustion engine.With water-in-oil type fuel quantity ga(u)ge
The increase of area, water-in-oil type fuel combustion is clean, in case remaining unburned fuel stays in internal combustion engine.In addition, Water-In-Oil
Type fuel reduces the temperature of combustion chambers of internal combustion engines, to reduce the generation of toxic gas.But since viscosity limits, this
It is limited primarily to traditional fuel (such as petroleum based fuels).Heavy fuel mixes bad with water, further results in fuel injector spray orifice
Blocking.
It is boiler, oil plant and chemical fluid heater, rotary kiln, glass melters, solid drying machine, drying oven, organic
Flue gas incineration furnace or other the burner or only of more than one type is generally included using the burner of combustion reaction or technique
The burner of single type fuel can be used.For example, the first burner types can be the burner using costly fuel,
Or the fuel with higher energy density (for example, MJ/kg), such as methane.Second of burner types can be used relatively inexpensive
Fuel or the lower fuel of energy density, such as coal.The purposes of different type burner may include but be not limited to preheated burning device
With primary combustion burner.These usual different types of burners be only limitted to a kind of certain types of fuel (for example, methane or
Coal is not both to have).
It is therefore desirable to provide a kind of system to make up the deficiency of former method.
Summary of the invention
One or more exemplary embodiments of the invention disclose a kind of constituent of fuel droplets.It is exemplary at one
In embodiment, the constituent of fuel droplets includes amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule.In some exemplary embodiments, the constituent of fuel droplets is also
Including at least one of tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier.In some exemplary embodiments, the group of fuel droplets
It further include hydrophilic segment at object.In some exemplary embodiments, the constituent of fuel droplets further includes hydrophobic part.
Above content is summary, it is thus possible to which the simplification comprising details is summarized, includes and/or omitted；Therefore, this field
The skilled person will understand that the summary is only illustrative, and it is not intended to limit in any way.System of the present invention, production
Other of product and/or method and/or other themes aspect, feature and advantage will become aobvious and easy in introduction of the present invention
See.Appended drawing is included in the description and forms part of the description, and illustrates the embodiment of the present invention, and combine generally
It is bright, principle for explaining the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
When considering following detailed description of the invention, the reality of concept of the invention disclosed by the invention may be better understood
It applies.The explanation with reference to comprising attached drawing, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale for these, and some of features may be exaggerated, one
A little features may be omitted, or for clarity, can be indicated with schematic diagram.It, can be with table such as the reference number in attached drawing
Show and refer to the same or similar element, feature or function.In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1A is the plan view of the droplet comprising micella described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention；
Figure 1B is described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention comprising the droplet with internal composition micella
Plan view；
Fig. 2A is the plan view of the droplet comprising reversed phase micelle described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 B is described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention comprising micro- with internal composition reversed phase micelle
The plan view of drop；
Fig. 3 is the plan view of the droplet comprising the double-deck micella described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 A is the plan view of droplet described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 B is the plan view of droplet described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the plane of the droplet comprising internal gas ingredient described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention
Figure；And
Fig. 6 is the plan view of the droplet comprising internal composition described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It will be explained in detail the subject of the present invention being shown in the accompanying drawings now.
With reference to Figure 1A -6, the invention mainly relates to the compositions of fuel droplets.In addition, the embodiment of the present invention is related to various combustions
Expect droplet composition, with improve its be used for internal combustion engine, boiler, oil plant and chemical fluid heater, rotary kiln, glass melters,
The physical property of solid drying machine, drying oven, organic flue gas incineration furnace or other burners.The embodiment of the present invention is further
The closing of gas and solid component in droplet composition and droplet with high-viscosity fluid is realized, to improve droplet flammability
Energy.
In the present invention, term " hydrophilic " or " hydrophily ", which are normally defined, is attracted by hydrone and is easy to be dissolved in water
Molecule or other molecular entities.
In the present invention, term " hydrophobic " or " hydrophobicity " be normally defined not by hydrone attract molecule or other
Molecular entity.
In the present invention, term " colloid " is normally defined the substance being made of the particle being dispersed in another substance,
This particle is too small, can not be differentiated with ordinary optical microscope, but cannot pass through semi-permeable membrane.
In the present invention, term " micelle " or " micella " are normally defined the surfactant point being dispersed in liquid colloid
The aggregation (i.e. Supramolecular Assembling) of son.
In the present invention, term " critical micelle concentration (CMC) " is normally defined the concentration of surfactant, in this concentration
On form micella, and all additional surfactants for being added to the composition enter micella.
In the present invention, term " amphoteric ion " is normally defined the molecule with positive and negative charge.In some embodiments, art
Language " amphoteric ion " includes neutral molecule.
In the present invention, term " amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule " is generally defined as having hydrophily and hydrophobic molecule.
In the present invention, term " surfactant ", which is normally defined, reduces between two kinds of liquid or between liquid and solid
The compound of surface tension.
In the present invention, term " internal combustion engine " is normally defined for automobile, motorcycle, ship, locomotive, aircraft, combustion gas
The engine of turbine or boiler.
Figure 1A and Figure 1B is the fuel droplets comprising micellar structure described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention
Attached drawing.
Referring now to Figure 1A, in embodiment, droplet 100 includes (i.e. nonpolar by the hydrophobic part 110 inside surrounding
Part or lipophilic moieties) form the outermost hydrophilic segment 102 (i.e. polar portion or lipophobia part) of 100 structure of droplet.
For example, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be miscible with water.In this respect, the hydrophilic segment of droplet 100 miscible with water
102 can be with one or more hydroxyls, such as:
R-OH
Wherein, formed when can be in conjunction with hydroxy functional group can any element of miscible molecule or change in water for R base
Close object.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 miscible with water has one or more hydroxyls, including but not limited to water, ethyl alcohol, methanol,
1- propyl alcohol, 2- propyl alcohol, butanol, glycerol, 1,2- butanediol, 1,3-BDO, 1,4-butanediol, butoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol,
Or mixtures thereof furfuryl alcohol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD, triethylene glycol.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 with one or more hydroxyls of droplet 100 has selected from selected model
The flash-point enclosed.For example, the flash-point of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be within the scope of 5 DEG C to 200 DEG C.For example, the parent of droplet 100
The flash-point of water section 102 is within the scope of 11 DEG C to 160 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 with one or more hydroxyls of droplet 100 has selected from selected model
The autoignition temperature enclosed.For example, the autoignition temperature of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be within the scope of 200 DEG C to 600 DEG C.For example,
The autoignition temperature of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be within the scope of 245 DEG C to 480 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 with one or more hydroxyls of droplet 100 has selected from selected model
The density enclosed.For example, the density of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 is in the range of 0.5kg/L to 2.0kg/L at 20 DEG C.
For example, the density of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 is in the range of 0.775kg/L to 1.26kg/L at 20 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 with one or more hydroxyls of droplet 100 has selected from selected model
The viscosity enclosed.For example, viscosity of the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 at 20 DEG C is in 0.042 centipoise to 1475 centipoise ranges.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 has aldehyde radical.For example, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100
May include following molecule:
Wherein R base can be any element or chemical combination for being formed when in conjunction with aldehyde functions and having hydrophilic molecule
Object.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 can be with one or more aldehyde radicals, including but not limited to acetaldehyde.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be with one or more carboxyls.For example, droplet 100
Hydrophilic segment 102 may include following molecule:
Any element or chemical combination with hydrophilic molecule are formed when wherein R group can be in conjunction with carboxylic acid functional
Object.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 may include but be not limited to or mixtures thereof acetic acid, butyric acid, formic acid, propionic acid.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be with one or more ketones.For example, droplet
100 hydrophilic segment 102 may include following molecule:
Wherein, R1And R2When group can be in conjunction with ketone formed have hydrophilic molecule any element or
Compound.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 may include but be not limited to acetone.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be with one or more amine functional groups.For example, droplet
100 hydrophilic segment 102 may include following molecule:
R1-N(R2)2
Wherein, R1And R2Group can be any element for being formed when in conjunction with amine functional group and having hydrophilic molecule
Or compound.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 may include but be not limited to diethanol amine, diethylenetriamine, dimethylformamide, ethamine,
Or mixtures thereof methyl diethanolamine, triethylamine.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be with one or more ehter bonds.For example, droplet 100
Hydrophilic segment 102 may include following molecule:
R1-O-R2
Wherein, R1And R2Any element or chemical combination with hydrophilic molecule are formed when group can be in conjunction with ehter bond
Object.For example, hydrophilic segment 102 can be with one or more ehter bonds, including but not limited to Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxanes, tetrahydrofuran or it is mixed
Close object.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be with one or more itrile groups.For example, droplet 100
Hydrophilic segment 102 may include following molecule:
R-CN
Wherein, any element or compound with hydrophilic molecule are formed when R group can be in conjunction with itrile group.Example
Such as, hydrophilic segment 102 can be with one or more itrile groups, including but not limited to acetonitrile.
In some embodiments, the hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 100 can be a kind of inorganic compound.For example, inorganic hydrophilic
Part may include but be not limited to or mixtures thereof hydrazine, hydrazine derivate, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid.For example, hydrazine is derivative
Object may include but be not limited to 1,2- dimethylhydrazine.
It is worth noting that, although hydrophilic segment 102 shown in Figure 1A is described as having the micro- of a hydrophilic segment
Ingredient is dripped, but this structure is only illustrative.The present invention can have multiple hydrophilic segments, with must to form that droplet 100 provides
The physical property wanted.
In embodiment, droplet 100 include surrounded by hydrophilic segment 102 and the hydrophobic part 110 that is separated by layer 104 (i.e.
Nonpolar moiety or lipophilic moieties).For example, hydrophobic part 110 may include the hydrocarbon in the molecular structure of hydrophobic part 110
Chain.For example, the hydrocarbon chain of hydrophobic part 110 may include but be not limited to straight chain hydrocarbon chain or branch hydrocarbon chain.
In addition, with linear chain or branched chain hydrocarbon hydrophobic part 110 may include but be not limited to traditional fuel, alternative fuel or its
Mixture.For example, traditional fuel may include but be not limited to or mixtures thereof gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, dimethyl ether, jet fuel.Separately
In one embodiment, alternative fuel may include but be not limited to biodiesel or vegetable oil.For example, can be used for the plant of alternative fuel
Oil may include but be not limited to or mixtures thereof corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have the flash-point selected from selected range.For example, droplet
The flash-point of 100 hydrophobic part 110 is within the scope of -100 DEG C to 100 DEG C.For example, the flash-point of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100
Within the scope of -43 DEG C to 72 DEG C.In another embodiment, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have selects selected from second
Select the flash-point of range.For example, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have the flash-point within the scope of 50 DEG C to 400 DEG C.For example, droplet
The flash-point of 100 hydrophobic part 110 is within the scope of 100 DEG C to 327 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have the autoignition temperature selected from selected range.For example,
The autoignition temperature of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can be within the scope of 150 DEG C to 450 DEG C.For example, the hydrophobic part of droplet 100
110 autoignition temperature is between 210 DEG C to 350 DEG C.In another embodiment, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have
Autoignition temperature selected from second range of choice.For example, the autoignition temperature of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can be at 150 DEG C extremely
Within the scope of 500 DEG C.For example, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 may have the autoignition temperature within the scope of 177 DEG C to 470 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have the density selected from selected range.For example, 20
DEG C when, the density of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 is in the range of 0.5kg/L to 1.0kg/L.For example, at 20 DEG C, droplet
The density of 100 hydrophobic part 110 is in the range of 0.72kg/L to 0.89kg/L.In another embodiment, droplet 100
Hydrophobic part 110 can have the second density in selected range.For example, at 20 DEG C, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100
Density is in the range of 0.5kg/L to 1.0kg/L.For example, the density of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 exists at 20 DEG C
In the range of 0.79kg/L to 0.92kg/L.
In some embodiments, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 can have the viscosity selected from selected range.For example, droplet
Range of viscosities of 100 hydrophobic part 110 at 20 DEG C is 0.4 centipoise to 12 centipoises.In another embodiment, droplet 100
Hydrophobic part 110 can have the viscosity selected from second range of choice.For example, the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 is at 20 DEG C
Range of viscosities be 1.0 centipoises to 100 centipoises.For example, range of viscosities of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 at 20 DEG C is 4.0
Centipoise is to 84 centipoises.
It is worth noting that, although hydrophobic part 110 shown in Figure 1A is described as the droplet with a hydrophobic part
Ingredient, but this structure is only illustrative.The present invention can have multiple hydrophobic parts, to provide necessity to form droplet 100
Physical property.Although should also be noted that the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 100 and the amount of hydrophilic segment 102 shown in Figure 1A
It is roughly the same, but this structure is only illustrative.The present invention can be the various ratios of hydrophobic part 110 and hydrophilic segment 102
The droplet 100 that example is formed.In general, in order to form the Normal micelles (i.e. oil-in-water system) of droplet 100 as shown in Figure 1A, parent
The ratio of water section 102 and hydrophobic part 110 needs to be greater than 1: 1.
In some embodiments, the volume of the hydrophobic part 110 of the hydrophilic segment 102 and droplet 100 of droplet 100 can have
There is selected ratio.For example, the volume ratio of hydrophilic segment 102 and hydrophobic part 110 can be between 1: 1 and 4: 1.For example, hydrophilic
The ratio between part 102 and hydrophobic part 110 can be between 2: 1 and 3: 1.
In embodiment, droplet 100 includes amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 (that is, parents' molecule), in the hydrophilic portion of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112
Divide one layer 104 of definition between 102 and hydrophobic part 110.For example, amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include lipophilicity (that is, non-pole
Property), charged hydrophilic (that is, polarity cation or anion) or not charged hydrophily (that is, polar nonionic or polarity without
Electricity) property.For example, amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include the not charged functional group of polarity, including but not limited to hydroxyl (for example, alcohol or water),
Amido (for example, amine) and/or carbonyl (for example, aldehyde, ketone, amide, carboxylic acid, ester, carboxylic acid halides, ketenes, acid imide etc.).
Amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include the hydrophobic part towards the hydrophilic head 106 of hydrophilic segment 102 and with droplet 100
The hydrophobic tail 108 of 110 interactions.The hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 can connect with the hydrophilic segment 102 of surrounding
Touching.The hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 can be non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric ion type.Example
Such as, the non-ionic hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include but be not limited to eight ethylene glycol monododecyl ethers, five second two
Alcohol monododecyl ether, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, Octyl glucoside, Triton X-100, nonyl
Menthylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol -9, glyceryl laurate ester, polysorbate, coconut palm amide monoethanolamine, coconut palm amide diethanol amine, domiphen
Oxide, pool Lip river Sha Danti, N- decyl b-D- glucopyranosyl glycosides, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol (that is, BRIJ 35), polyoxy second
Alkene Sorbitan Monooleate (that is, Tween 80), sorboside sesquioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate
(that is, polysorbas20), polyoxyethylene dinonyl phenyl ether, Nonidet P40, phosphatide, cholesterol, glycolipid, fatty acid, soap
Glycosides, fatty alcohol, hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, hexadecanol, oleic acid alcohol or polyethoxylated tallow amine.In this respect, amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule
112 non-ionic hydrophilic head 106 has long-chain alcohol (i.e. one or more uncharged hydroxyls).
In some embodiments, the cationic hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include but be not limited to Octenidine
Dihydrochloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorination benzalkonium chloride, benzene ethoxy ammonium chloride, dimethyldioctadecylammonium
Ammonium chloride, octacosyl ditallowdimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, ten
Dialkyl group trimethylammonium bromide and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.
In some embodiments, the cationic hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 be selected from special properties sun from
Subbase group.For example, cationic hydrophilic head 106 can be selected from the compound with amine or ammonium salt.
In some embodiments, the anionic hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include but be not limited to dodecyl
Ammonium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, myristyl alcohol polyethers sodium sulfovinate, Sodium docusate,
Perfluorooctane sulfonate sodium, sodium, sodium taurocholate, NaTDC, NaGC, natrium taurocholicum and the tetradecane
Base sodium sulphate.
In some embodiments, the anionic hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 be selected from special properties yin from
Subbase group.For example, anionic hydrophilic head 106 can be selected from anionic group (including sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate
Or carboxylate) compound.
In some embodiments, the both sexes hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 may include but be not limited to 3- [(3- gallbladder acyl
Amine propyl) dimethylamino] -1- propane sulfonic acid salt (that is, CHAPS), 3- [(3- gallbladder amido propyl) dimethylamino] -2- hydroxyl -1- third
Sulfonate (that is, CHAPSO), N- dodecyl-N, N- dimethylamino -3- propane sulfonate, cocamidopropyl propyl amide weight ratio sweet tea
Dish alkali (i.e. CAHS), Cocoamidopropyl betaine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, dodecyl
Sodium sulphate, amino acid, amine oxide or sphingomyelins.
In some embodiments, the amphoteric ion hydrophilic head 106 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 is selected from two with special properties
Property compound.For example, amphoteric ion hydrophily head 106 can be selected from amine or ammonium cation as amphoteric ion hydrophilic head
Anionic centers of the cationic species and sulfonate, carboxylate or phosphate in portion 106 as amphoteric ion hydrophilic head 106
Compound.
In addition, the hydrophobic tail 108 of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 can substantially be formed by hydro carbons.For example, hydrophobic tail 108
Hydrocarbon can be straight-chain hydrocarbons.In another embodiment, the hydrocarbon of hydrophobic tail 108 can be branched-chain hydrocarbons.In another implementation
In example, the hydrocarbon of hydrophobic tail 108 can be cyclic hydrocarbon.For example, the cyclic hydrocarbon of hydrophobic tail 108 can be aromatic hydrocarbon.It answers
Note that may include various types of hydrophobic tails 108 in the droplet 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, including but not limited to directly
The combination of chain and branched-chain hydrocarbons, straight chain and cyclic hydrocarbon or branch and cyclic hydrocarbon.It should also be noted that the hydrocarbon of hydrophobic tail 108 can
To be fully saturated hydrocarbon, fractional saturation hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbons.
It is contemplated that providing this structure only although discribed hydrophobic tail 108 represents straight chain hydrocarbon chain in Figure 1A
It is illustrative.The present invention may include the hydrophobic tail 108 with branch hydrocarbon chain, cyclic hydrocarbon chain or combinations thereof.
In embodiment, droplet 100 includes surfactant.Around the adjustable particle of surfactant (such as coal dust)
The surface tension of fluid.The oxygen concentration of the adjustable particle surface of surfactant.Surfactant may include bleeding agent.Example
Such as, surfactant may include but be not limited to secondary alcohol ethoxy compound, phosphatide, organosilicon, organosulfur compound (for example, two
Methyl sulfoxide) or combinations thereof.
In embodiment, the mixing viscosity of droplet 100 can have selected range.For example, droplet 100 mixes at 20 DEG C
Viscosity is closed in 0.2 centipoise between 2000 centipoises.For example, the mixing viscosity of droplet 100 is in 0.4 centipoise to 1500 at 20 DEG C
Between centipoise.In some embodiments, the mixing viscosity of droplet 100 can be greater than or equal to 180 centipoises.
In embodiment, the hybrid density of droplet 100 can have selected range.For example, droplet 100 mixes at 20 DEG C
Density is closed in the range of 0.5 to 1.0kg/L.For example, the combined density of droplet 100 arrives 0.92kg/L 0.72 at 20 DEG C
In the range of.
In embodiment, the hybrid vapor of droplet 100 may depend on the component of droplet, measure the temperature (example of vapour pressure
Such as, technological temperature) and measurement vapour pressure point (for example, formed when or burning before).In embodiment, can be used equation (for example,
Antoine equation) vapour pressure is calculated, or estimated using one or more figures (for example, P-T phasor, reference material figure, Cox chart)
Calculate vapour pressure.For example, droplet 200 can have exterior section, hydrophobic part 210.If hydrophobic part 210 include fuel (for example,
C12H24, 1- dodecane), then at 126 DEG C to 218 DEG C, steam pressure is about 0.0637 to 1.039bar, and (0.0629 is arrived
1.025atm).In another embodiment, droplet 100 can have exterior section, hydrophilic segment 102.If hydrophilic segment 102
Including water, then at 10 DEG C to 168 DEG C, vapour pressure is about 0.0128 to 7.52bar (0.0126 arrives 7.43atm).In some realities
It applies in example, the vapour pressure of droplet (for example, droplet 100 or droplet 200) can be selected from first range of choice.For example, vapour pressure exists
8atm is arrived at 10 DEG C to 170 DEG C for 0.01.In some embodiments, the vapour pressure of droplet (for example, droplet 100 or droplet 200)
It can be selected from second range of choice.For example, 56 DEG C to 168 DEG C at a temperature of, vapour pressure be 1.9 to 7.5atm.
It is worth noting that, only when the concentration of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 is greater than the temperature of critical micelle concentration (CMC) and system
When greater than critical micell temperature (i.e. Krafft temperature), the micella in droplet 100 is just formed.It should also be noted that droplet 100
CMC is likely to be dependent on the type of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112.For example, when droplet contain secondary alcohol ethoxy compound (for example,
TergitolTM) nonionic surface active agent when, the CMC of droplet 100 can arrive 60ppm for 45 at 25 DEG C.
In embodiment, as burning fuel, droplet 100 can have the droplet size of selected range.For example, for automobile
The droplet size of engine and jet engine, droplet 100 can be in the range of 10 microns to 400 microns.For example, for vapour
The droplet size of car engine and jet engine, droplet 100 can be in the range of 25 microns to 250 microns.In addition, for
The droplet size of gas turbine, droplet 100 can be in the range of 10 microns to 800 microns.For example, for gas turbine, droplet
100 droplet size can be in the range of 20 microns to 500 microns.
It is worth noting that, the shapes and sizes of micella are 112 molecular structure of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule and partial condition in droplet 100
The function of (such as, but not limited to, temperature, pH and intermolecular ionic strength).The mean size of micella can be at 2 nanometers in droplet
To between 20 nanometers, this depends on component and concentration.
It is contemplated that although droplet 100 shown in Figure 1A be it is spherical, this structure is only illustrative.This hair
Bright can be other micelle shapes, including but not limited to ellipsoid, cylindrical body and bilayer.It is further contemplated that although figure
Droplet 100 shown in 1A is shown as a droplet structure, but this structure is only illustrative.The present invention can be in droplet
It include one or more filling micellar structures, including but not limited to wedge shape, corn shape or cylindrical shape in 100.In addition, droplet 100
It may include multiple indissoluble droplets.
The term " non-newtonian fluid " being used in the present invention includes the fluid containing suspended particulate or dissolution molecule.This
Term may include but be not limited to Bingham fluid, pseudoplastic fluid, dilatant fluid, thixotropic fluid and viscoelastic fluid.This
Term should include but is not limited to by the fluid of following Oswall Te-Di-Huai Er equation characterization:
Wherein K is (usually with kg/ms2-nFor unit), n (dimensionless) is the constant determined by experimental fit data.It is general next
It says, for pseudoplastic fluid, n is less than 1, and for dilatant fluid, n is greater than 1.
In the present invention, term " tensile viscosity (i.e. elongational viscosity) " is the survey to fluid stretch capability under tensile stress
Amount.In other words, when the stress of application is tensile stress, tensile viscosity is a viscosity coefficient.It should be noted that non-newtonian fluid
Do not have direct correlation between tensile viscosity and shear rate, elastic energy can be stored under effects of strain.
In embodiment, droplet 100 includes tensile viscosity modifying agent, to adjust the viscosity coefficient of droplet 100.Tensile viscosity
Modifying agent can reduce the evaporation of droplet 100, increase drop spread.For example, tensile viscosity modifying agent can be by one or more
Polymer is constituted.For example, one or more polymer of tensile viscosity modifying agent may include but be not limited to polyethylene glycol oxide, hydroxyl first
Base cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose etc..In some embodiments, tensile viscosity modifying agent is non-newtonian fluid.
In embodiment, droplet 100 includes one or more viscosity modifiers to adjust the viscosity of droplet 100.For example, viscous
Degree modifying agent can be used for increasing the dynamic viscosity of liquid.For example, the hydrophilic segment of viscosity modifier increase droplet 100 can be used
102 and/or droplet 100 hydrophobic part 110 viscosity.
In some embodiments, viscosity modifier is made of one or more polymer.For example, one of viscosity modifier
Or multiple polymer may include but be not limited to polyethylene glycol oxide, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or combinations thereof.Another
In a embodiment, viscosity modifier can include but is not limited to guar gum.In some embodiments, viscosity modifier by one or
Multiple copolymers are constituted.For example, one or more copolymers of viscosity modifier may include but be not limited to ethylene-propylene (EPM),
Ethylene-(C3-C18) alpha olefin copolymer, ethylene propyl non-conjugated diene terpolymer (EDPM) or combinations thereof.
In embodiment, the injection of device described in the United States Patent (USP) that number is 9148994 can be used in droplet 100, this is specially
Conducive on November 12nd, 2012 by John Alvin Eastin et al. submit, on October 6th, 2015 announce, entitled fluid and
Particle controls and uses system, the patent with complete way of reference it is incorporated herein in.
Referring now to Figure 1B, it is shown that comprising having internal composition described in one or more embodiment according to the present invention
The plan view of the droplet of micella.It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100 is interpreted as extending to institute in Figure 1B
The embodiment shown.
In embodiment, droplet 150 may include forming the outermost hydrophilic segment 102 of droplet 150, insertion hydrophilic segment
Hydrophobic part 110 in 102 is used to form 112 and of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule for being connected to the hydrophilic head 106 of hydrophobic tail 108
Internal composition 114 in hydrophobic part 110.In embodiment, internal composition 114 is computational fluid dynamics positioning, this meaning
The position of internal composition 114 can be determined by the attribute of its attribute and surrounding fluid.For example, internal composition 114 is located substantially on
The center of the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 150.
In some embodiments, the internal composition 114 of droplet 150 can be the solid fuel for being capable of providing the flammable energy
Grain.For example, the solid fuel particle in hydrophobic part 110 may include but be not limited to coal dust, carbon black (for example, flyash), six Asias
Tetramine, 1, or mixtures thereof 3,5- trioxanes, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate.
In some embodiments, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the partial size in selected range.For example, internal composition
The partial size of 114 coal dust is between 10 microns to 1000 microns.For example, the partial size of the coal dust of internal composition 114 is arrived at 38 microns
Between 850 microns.
In some embodiments, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the carbon component percentages selected from selected range.Example
Such as, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the carbon component percentages in 30% to 99% range.For example, the coal of internal composition 114
Dirt can have the carbon component percentages in 50% to 95% range.
In some embodiments, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the hydrogen component percentages selected from selected range.Example
Such as, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the hydrogen component percentages in 1.0% to 10.0% range.For example, internal composition 114
Coal dust can have 2.0% to 7.0% in the range of hydrogen component percentages.
In some embodiments, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have the oxygen component percentages selected from selected range.Example
Such as, the coal dust of internal composition 114 can have oxygen component percentages in the range of 1.0% to 60%.For example, internal composition
114 coal dust can have the oxygen percentage composition between 2.0% to 40%.
It is worth noting that, the ingredient and physical property of coal are likely to be dependent on the exploitation place of coal, and may correspondingly send out
Changing.The embodiment of the present invention is using the various coals from different coal mines, to keep the required characteristic of coal to form Figure 1B
Shown in droplet 150.
It is contemplated that although internal composition 114 shown in Figure 1B is expressed as a position in hydrophobic part 102,
This structure is only illustrative.The embodiment of the present invention may include multiple positions of internal composition 114.It is further contemplated that
Although internal composition 114 shown in Figure 1B is located substantially on the center of hydrophobic part 110, this structure is only illustrative
's.The embodiment of the present invention can adjust different location in hydrophobic part 110 for internal component 114.
It is contemplated that this structure is only illustrative although showing 12 amphiphile, amphiphilic molecules 112 in Figure 1A.This hair
Bright embodiment can make any amount of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule known in the art form stable micellar structure.Further consider
It arrives, although showing a kind of amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 112 in Figure 1A to form micellar structure, this structure is only illustrative.This hair
Bright embodiment may include more than one amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule to form micellar structure.
It is worth noting that, internal composition 114 shown in Figure 1B is dissolvable in water in hydrophobic part 110, and dissolve interior
Portion's component 114 can stay in the hydrophobic part 110 of droplet 150.
Referring now to Fig. 2A, it is shown that micro- comprising reversed phase micelle described in one or more embodiment according to the present invention
The plan view of drop.It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100 is interpreted as extending to implementation described in Fig. 2A
Example.
In embodiment, droplet 200 indicates reversed phase micelle structure (that is, reversed phase micelle or water-in-oil system).Droplet 200 can
Including forming the outermost hydrophobic part 210 of droplet 200.In some embodiments, droplet 200 may include insertion hydrophobic part
Hydrophilic segment 202 in 210.In some embodiments, droplet 200 may include between hydrophilic segment 202 and hydrophobic part 210
The amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 212 of definition layer 204.For example, amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 212 can form the hydrophilic head for being connected to hydrophobic tail 208
206.In this respect, hydrophilic head 206 can be isolated to the centre of hydrophilic segment 202, and hydrophobic tail 208 can be with
Intermediate from hydrophilic segment 202 extends.
In general, reversed phase micelle as shown in Figure 2 A (water in oil) is especially interesting in alternative fuel field.
This is because capable of the dropping to the viscosity of alternative fuel of reversed micelle is sufficiently low, makes sticky alternative fuel not and will lead to engine and is resistance to
Long property problem, including fuel injector coking, cyclohexyl carbodiimide and crankcase lubrication oily pollution.
It is worth noting that, the difference between droplet 200 shown in droplet 100 shown in figure 1A and Fig. 2A is hydrophilic segment
With the ratio of hydrophobic part.When the ratio between hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic part are greater than 1: 1, (i.e. the amount of hydrophilic segment is greater than hydrophobic molten
Matter) when, the Normal micelles in droplet 100 can be preferable droplet.On the other hand, when the ratio of hydrophilic segment and hydrophobic part is less than
When 1: 1 (that is, the presence of hydrophilic solute is less than hydrophobic part), the reversed phase micelle in droplet 200 may be preferred droplet.
It should also be noted that the hydrophilic sexual isolation due to hydrophilic head 206 generates very unfavorable electrostatic interaction,
Therefore, with the increase of hydrophilic head charge, a possibility that forming reversed phase micelle, is proportionally reduced.
It is described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention comprising with internal composition reverse phase referring now to Fig. 2 B
The plan view of the droplet of micella.It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 150 and 200 is interpreted as extending to figure
Embodiment described in 2B.
In embodiment, droplet 250 may include forming the outermost hydrophobic part 210 of droplet 250.In some embodiments
In, droplet 150 may include the hydrophilic segment 202 being embedded in hydrophobic part 210.In some embodiments, droplet 200 may include
The amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 212 of definition layer 204 between hydrophilic segment 202 and hydrophobic part 210.For example, amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 212 can form connection
To the hydrophilic head 206 of hydrophobic tail 208.In some embodiments, droplet 250 may include being located in hydrophilic segment 202
Internal composition 214.For example, internal composition 214 is located substantially on the center of the hydrophilic segment 202 of droplet 250.
In some embodiments, the internal composition 214 of droplet 250 can be the liquid fuel for being capable of providing the flammable energy.
For example, the liquid fuel in hydrophilic segment 202 may include but be not limited to water-coal-slurry.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have selected from the viscosity selected from selected range.For example,
Viscosity of the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 114 at 20 DEG C can be in the range of 100 centipoises to 1000 centipoise.For example, internal composition
Viscosity of 114 water-coal-slurry at 20 DEG C can be in 500 centipoises to 750 centipoise ranges.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have the firing temperature selected from selected range.For example,
The firing temperature of the water-coal-slurry of internal component 114 can be between 700 DEG C to 900 DEG C.For example, the water-coal-slurry of internal component 114
Firing temperature can be between 800 DEG C to 850 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have the ignition temperature selected from selected range.For example,
The ignition temperature of the water-coal-slurry of internal component 114 can be between 800 DEG C to 1300 DEG C.For example, the water-coal-slurry of internal component 114
Ignition temperature can be between 950 DEG C to 1150 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have the coal content selected from selected range.For example, interior
The coal content of the water-coal-slurry of portion's component 114 can be in the range of 50wt% to 90wt%.For example, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 114
Coal content can be in the range of 65wt% to 75wt%.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have the water content selected from selected range.For example, interior
The water content of the water-coal-slurry of portion's component 114 can be in the range of 10wt% to 40wt%.For example, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 114
Water content can be in the range of 20wt% to 30wt%.
In some embodiments, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 214 can have the coal particle size selected from selected range.For example, interior
The water-coal-slurry of portion's component 114 can have 5 microns to the coal particle size in 40 micron ranges.For example, the water-coal-slurry of internal composition 114
10 microns be can have to the coal particle size in 20 micron ranges.
It should be considered that this structure is only to say although internal component 214 shown in Fig. 2 B is expressed as a position
Bright property.The embodiment of the present invention may include multiple positions of the internal composition 214 in hydrophilic segment 202.It is also contemplated that though
Internal composition 214 shown in right Fig. 2 B is located substantially on the center of hydrophilic segment 202, but this structure is only illustrative.
The embodiment of the present invention can adjust different location in hydrophilic segment 202 for internal composition 214.
It is worth noting that, internal composition 214 shown in Fig. 2 B is dissolvable in water in hydrophilic segment 202, and dissolve interior
Portion's component 214 can stay in the hydrophilic segment 202 of droplet 250.
Referring now to Figure 3, showing described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention includes the micro- of the double-deck micella
The plan view of drop.It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100 and 200 is interpreted as extending to described in Fig. 3
Embodiment.
In embodiment, droplet 300 may include outermost first hydrophilic segment 302 to form droplet 300.In some realities
It applies in example, droplet 300 may include the hydrophobic part 310 being embedded in the first hydrophilic segment 302.In some embodiments, droplet 300
It may include the first amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 312 of the definition layer 304 between the first hydrophilic segment 302 and hydrophobic part 310.For example, amphiphilic
Molecule 312 can form the first hydrophilic head 306 for being connected to the first hydrophobic tail 308.For example, the first amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 312
The first hydrophilic head 306 can be contacted with the first hydrophilic segment 302.First hydrophobic tail 308 of the first amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 312 can
It is extended in hydrophobic part 310 from the first hydrophilic segment 302.
In some embodiments, droplet 300 may include the definition layer between the second hydrophilic segment 316 and hydrophobic part 310
314 the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322.For example, the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322, which can be formed, is connected to the second of the second hydrophobic tail 320
Hydrophilic head 318.For example, the second hydrophilic head 318 of the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322 can be located at the of 300 center of droplet
The contact of two hydrophilic parts 316.Second hydrophobic tail 318 of the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322 can extend from the second hydrophilic segment 316
Into hydrophobic part 310.In this respect, the second hydrophilic head 318 of the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322 can be isolated to the second parent
The centre of water section 316, and the second hydrophobicity tail 320 of the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322 can be from the second hydrophilic segment 316
Between extend.
In some embodiments, droplet 300 may include the second hydrophilic segment 316.For example, the second hydrophilic segment 316 can position
In the center of droplet 300.There can be and cover droplet 300 outermost for example, being located at second hydrophilic segment 316 at 300 center of droplet
The different component of first hydrophilic segment 302 of layer.
In some embodiments, droplet 300 is included in forming layer 304 between the first hydrophilic segment 302 and hydrophobic part 310
The first amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 312.In some embodiments, droplet 300 be included in the second hydrophilic segment 316 and hydrophobic part 310 it
Between forming layer 314 the second amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 322.In this respect, droplet 300 can be formed the double-deck micella (i.e. liposome), described double
Layer micella has two layers 304 and 314, is formed respectively by the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule 312 and 322 for described two layers 304 and 314.
The double-layer structure of droplet 300 is applicable to fuel area because burning when droplet 300 the second hydrophilic segment
316, which can form smaller fuel droplets for the hydrophilic segment 316 of evaporation, provides further processing.It is micro- that this dramatically increases fuel
The surface area of drop, correspondingly, it helps to improve fuel consumption efficiency, while reducing remaining in engine room unburned combust
Material.
It is worth noting that, although the second hydrophilic segment 316 does not include internal composition in droplet 300 shown in Fig. 3,
This structure is only illustrative.Hydrophilic segment 316 may include internal composition in the droplet 300 of the embodiment of the present invention, such as on
State solid fuel.
Referring now to Fig. 4 A-4B, it is shown that the plan view of droplet described in one or more embodiment according to the present invention.
It should be noted here that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100,150,200,250 and 300 is interpreted as extending to Fig. 4 A-
4B the embodiment described.
In embodiment, droplet 400 shown in Fig. 4 A may include hydrophobic part 402, and the hydrophobic part 402 is in droplet
Hydrophilic segment 404 is surrounded at 400 center.It is worth noting that, although hydrophilic segment 404 shown in Fig. 4 A is located at droplet
400 center, but this structure is only illustrative.The embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted to a variety of parents in hydrophobic part 402
Water section position.
It should also be noted that although hydrophilic segment 404 shown in Fig. 4 A is described as the droplet containing a hydrophilic segment
Component, but this structure is only illustrative.The present invention can be adjusted to multiple hydrophilic segments in hydrophobic part 402, to provide
Physical property needed for forming droplet 400.
In embodiment, droplet 450 shown in Fig. 4 B may include hydrophilic segment 404, and the hydrophilic segment 404 is in droplet
Hydrophobic part 402 is surrounded at 450 center.It is worth noting that, although hydrophobic part 404 shown in Fig. 4 B is located at droplet
450 center, but this structure is only illustrative.The embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted to a variety of in hydrophilic segment 404 and dredge
Water section position.
It should also be noted that although hydrophobic part 402 shown in Fig. 4 B is described as the droplet containing a hydrophobic part
Component, but this being merely to illustrate property of structure.The present invention is adjusted to multiple hydrophobic parts in hydrophilic segment 404, to provide
Physical property needed for forming droplet 450.
It should be noted that droplet 400 and 450 is easy to device shape described in the United States Patent (USP) by number 9148994
At.
Referring now to Figure 5, showing the plan view of droplet described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention.Herein
It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100,150,200,250,300,400 and 450 is interpreted as extending to figure
Embodiment described in 5.
In embodiment, droplet 500 may include the hydrophobic part 502 for surrounding air entrapment 504.For example, air entrapment 504
It may include that the gas of the flammable energy, including but not limited to oxygen, propane, butane, natural gas, hydrogen, second can be provided to droplet 500
Or mixtures thereof alkynes, synthesis gas, coal gas, biogas.
Although this structure is only to say it should be noted that air entrapment shown in fig. 5 504 is located at the center of droplet 500
Bright property.The embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted to a variety of air entrapment positions in hydrophobic part 502.
Although this structure is only it should also be noted that air entrapment shown in fig. 5 504 is described as an air entrapment
It is illustrative.The present invention can be adjusted to multiple air entrapments in hydrophobic part 502, must to provide for composition droplet 500
The physical property wanted.
Referring now to Figure 6, showing the plan view of droplet described in one or more embodiments according to the present invention.Herein
It should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment and component about droplet 100,150,200,250,300,400,450 and 500 is interpreted as extending
To embodiment described in Fig. 6.
In embodiment, droplet 600 may include the hydrophobic part 602 for surrounding internal composition 604.For example, internal composition 604
It can be located in hydrophobic part 602.For example, internal composition 604 is located substantially on the center of the hydrophobic part 602 of droplet 600.
In some embodiments, the internal composition 604 of droplet 600 can be the solid fuel for being capable of providing the flammable energy
Grain.For example, the solid fuel particle in hydrophobic part 602 may include but be not limited to coal dust, hexa, 1,3,5- tri- are disliked
Or mixtures thereof alkane, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate.
In some embodiments, the solid of the internal composition 604 of droplet 600 and cohesive material (for example, hydrophobic part 602,
Gel, micella or combinations thereof) volume ratio be less than or equal to 1 volume solid: the cohesive material of 3 volumes.
Although this structure is only to say it should be noted that internal composition shown in fig. 6 604 is located at the center of droplet 600
Bright property.The embodiment of the present invention can be adjusted to a variety of internal composition positions in hydrophobic part 602.
Although this structure is only it should also be noted that internal composition shown in fig. 6 604 is described as an internal composition
It is illustrative.The present invention can be adjusted to multiple internal compositions in hydrophobic part 602, to provide necessity to form droplet 600
Physical property.
It is believed that the present invention and its attendant advantages will be understood by the description of front, it is obvious that the present invention can be with
Using the various change form, construction and arrangement of component, the excellent of all material will not be sacrificed without departing from disclosed theme
Gesture.Described form is merely illustrative, and includes the intention that some variations are also the appended claims.In addition,
It should be appreciated that the present invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (79)
1. a kind of droplet, comprising:
One amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule；
At least one of tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier:
One hydrophilic segment；And
One hydrophobic part.
2. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the droplet is usually that spherical and diameter generally exists in free space
Between 20 to 500 microns.
3. droplet according to claim 2, wherein the droplet further includes the colloid to form droplet nuclei, which is suspending
In at least one of liquid and dispersion.
4. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is hydrophilic at least one lipophilic portion and one
Part.
5. droplet according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophilic segment is at least one of anion and cation.
6. droplet according to claim 5, wherein the anion part is carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate and phosphoric acid
At least one of salt.
7. droplet according to claim 5, wherein the cationic portion is ammonium ion.
8. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is polarity without electric group.
9. droplet according to claim 8, wherein the polarity includes one or more hydroxyls without electric group.
10. droplet according to claim 5, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is selected from the group of consisting of: 3- [(3- gallbladder acyl
Amine propyl) dimethylamino] -1- propane sulfonic acid salt, 3- [(3- gallbladder amido propyl) dimethylamino] -2- hydroxyl -1- propane sulfonic acid salt, N- ten
Dialkyl group-N, N- dimethylamino -3- propane sulfonate, cocamidopropyl propyl amide hydroxyl sulfo betaine, cocamidopropyl propyl amide beet
Alkali, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, lauryl sodium sulfate, amino acid, amine oxide and sheath phosphorus
Rouge.
11. droplet according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophilic segment is nonionic.
12. droplet according to claim 11, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is selected from the group of consisting of: eight ethylene glycol
Monododecyl ether, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, Octyl glucoside, gathers five ethylene glycol monododecyl ether
Ethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, Nonoxynol-9, glyceryl laurate ester, polysorbate, coconut palm amide monoethanolamine, coconut palm amide diethyl
Hydramine, oxidizing dodecyl dimethyl amine, pool Lip river Sha Danti, N- decyl b-D- glucopyranosyl glycosides, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol,
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, phosphatide, cholesterol, glycolipid, fat
The pure and mild polyethoxylated tallow amine of acid, saponin(e, fatty alcohol, hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol, hexadecanol, oleic acid.
13. droplet according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophilic segment is cation.
14. droplet according to claim 13, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is selected from the group of consisting of: Octenidine
Dihydrochloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorination benzalkonium chloride, benzene ethoxy ammonium chloride, dimethyldioctadecylammonium
Ammonium chloride, octacosyl ditallowdimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, ten
Dialkyl group trimethylammonium bromide and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.
15. droplet according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophilic segment is anion.
16. droplet according to claim 15, wherein the amphiphile, amphiphilic molecule is selected from the group of consisting of: dodecyl
Ammonium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, myristyl alcohol polyethers sodium sulfovinate, Sodium docusate,
Perfluorooctane sulfonate sodium, sodium, sodium taurocholate, NaTDC, NaGC, natrium taurocholicum and the tetradecane
Base sodium sulphate.
17. droplet according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier
For polymer.
18. droplet according to claim 17, wherein group of the polymer selected from consisting of: polyethylene glycol oxide,
Hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose.
19. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is non-newtonian fluid.
20. droplet according to claim 1 evaporates wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is reduced and increases drop spread.
21. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity modifier is guar gum.
22. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic segment is selected from the group of consisting of: water, ethyl alcohol, first
Alcohol, 2- propyl alcohol, butanol, glycerol, 1,2- butanediol, 1,3-BDO, 1,4-butanediol, butoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol, chaff
Alcohol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD, triethylene glycol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, butyric acid formic acid, propionic acid, diethanol amine, diethylenetriamine,
Dimethylformamide, ethamine alkali, methyl diethanolamine, triethylamine, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxanes, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2- dimethylhydrazine, hydrazine,
Hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
23. droplet according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic part is selected from the group of consisting of: gasoline, diesel oil,
Kerosene, dimethyl ether, jet fuel, biodiesel, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, flower
Oil generation.
24. droplet according to claim 22, wherein the viscosity of the hydrophilic segment is in 0.040 to 1500 centipoises
(mpa.s) between.
25. droplet according to claim 22, wherein the density of the hydrophilic segment is 0.70 between 1.30kg/L.
26. droplet according to claim 22, wherein the autoignition temperature of the hydrophilic segment is between 240 to 480 DEG C.
27. droplet according to claim 22, wherein the flash-point of the hydrophilic segment is between 10 to 200 DEG C.
28. droplet according to claim 23, wherein the viscosity of the hydrophobic part 0.4 to 12 centipoises (mpa.s) it
Between.
29. droplet according to claim 23, wherein the density of the hydrophobic part is 0.70 between 0.90kg/L.
30. droplet according to claim 23, wherein the autoignition temperature of the hydrophobic part is between 150 to 400 DEG C.
31. droplet according to claim 23, wherein the flash-point of the hydrophobic part is between -50 to 80 DEG C.
32. droplet according to claim 1, further includes: a flammable solid.
33. droplet according to claim 32, wherein the flammable solid is selected from the group of consisting of: hexa-methylene four
Amine, 1,3,5- trioxanes, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate and coal dust.
34. droplet according to claim 1, further includes: a fuel gas.
35. droplet according to claim 34, wherein the fuel gas is selected from the group of consisting of: oxygen, propane,
Butane, natural gas, hydrogen, acetylene, synthesis gas, coal gas and biogas.
36. droplet according to claim 1 further includes a bleeding agent, wherein the bleeding agent adjusts the droplet interior
The oxygen content on grain surface.
37. droplet according to claim 36, wherein the bleeding agent includes a surfactant.
38. the droplet according to claim 37, wherein the surfactant includes monophosphatide.
39. droplet according to claim 36, wherein the bleeding agent includes an organo-silicon compound.
40. droplet according to claim 36, wherein the bleeding agent includes organosulfur compound and secondary alcohol ethoxylation
Close one of object.
41. droplet according to claim 40, wherein the bleeding agent includes organosulfur compound, the organic sulfur chemical combination
Object includes dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
42. a kind of droplet, comprising:
At least one of tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier；
One hydrophobic part；And
At least one or more of fuel gas or one or more flammable solids.
43. droplet according to claim 42, wherein the droplet is usually in free space spherical shape, diameter is basic
Between 20 to 500 microns.
44. droplet according to claim 42, wherein the droplet further includes at least one of suspension and dispersion
Colloid, formed droplet nuclei.
45. droplet according to claim 42, wherein at least one in the tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier
Kind is polymer.
46. droplet according to claim 45, wherein group of the polymer selected from consisting of: polyethylene glycol oxide,
Hydroxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.
47. droplet according to claim 42, wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is non-newtonian fluid.
48. droplet according to claim 42 evaporates wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is reduced and increases drop spread.
49. droplet according to claim 42, wherein the viscosity modifier is guar gum.
50. droplet according to claim 42, wherein the hydrophobic part is selected from the group of consisting of: gasoline, diesel oil,
Kerosene, dimethyl ether, jet fuel, biodiesel, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and flower
Oil generation.
51. droplet according to claim 50, wherein the viscosity of the hydrophobic part 0.4 to 12 centipoises (mpa.s) it
Between.
52. droplet according to claim 50, wherein the density of the hydrophobic part is 0.70 between 0.90kg/L.
53. droplet according to claim 50, wherein the autoignition temperature of the hydrophobic part is between 150 to 400 DEG C.
54. droplet according to claim 50, wherein the flash-point of the hydrophobic part is between -50 to 80 DEG C.
55. droplet according to claim 42, wherein one or more flammable solids are selected from the group of consisting of:
Hexa, 1,3,5- trioxanes, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, coal dust and carbon black.
56. droplet according to claim 42, wherein one or more fuel gas are selected from the group of consisting of:
Oxygen, propane, butane, natural gas, hydrogen, acetylene, synthesis gas, coal gas and biogas.
57. a kind of droplet, comprising:
At least one of tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier；
One hydrophilic segment；
One hydrophobic part forms droplet nuclei wherein the droplet further includes the colloid at least one of suspension and dispersion.
58. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the droplet is usually in free space spherical shape, diameter is substantially
Between 20 to 500 microns.
59. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the droplet further includes one or more flammable solid in droplet nuclei
Body or one or more fuel gas.
60. droplet according to claim 57, wherein at least one in the tensile viscosity modifying agent and viscosity modifier
Kind is polymer.
61. droplet according to claim 60, wherein group of the polymer selected from consisting of: polyethylene glycol oxide,
Hydroxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.
62. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is non-newtonian fluid.
63. droplet according to claim 57 evaporates wherein the tensile viscosity modifying agent is reduced and increases drop spread.
64. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the viscosity modifier is guar gum.
65. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the hydrophilic segment is selected from the group of consisting of: water, ethyl alcohol, first
Alcohol, 2- propyl alcohol, butanol, glycerol, 1,2- butanediol, 1,3-BDO, 1,4-butanediol, butoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol, chaff
Alcohol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD, triethylene glycol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, butyric acid formic acid, propionic acid, diethanol amine, diethylenetriamine,
Dimethylformamide, ethamine alkali, methyl diethanolamine, triethylamine, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxanes, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2- dimethylhydrazine, hydrazine,
Hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
66. droplet according to claim 65, wherein the viscosity of the hydrophilic segment is in 0.040 to 1500 centipoises
(mpa.s) between.
67. droplet according to claim 65, wherein the density of the hydrophilic segment is 0.70 between 1.30kg/L.
68. droplet according to claim 65, wherein the autoignition temperature of the hydrophilic segment is between 240 to 480 DEG C.
69. droplet according to claim 65, wherein the flash-point of the hydrophilic segment is between 10 to 200 DEG C.
70. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the hydrophobic part is selected from the group of consisting of: gasoline, diesel oil,
Kerosene, dimethyl ether, jet fuel, biodiesel, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and flower
Oil generation.
71. droplet according to claim 70, wherein the viscosity of the hydrophobic part 0.4 to 12 centipoises (mpa.s) it
Between.
72. droplet according to claim 70, wherein the density of the hydrophobic part is 0.70 between 0.90kg/L.
73. droplet according to claim 70, wherein the autoignition temperature of the hydrophobic part is between 150 to 400 DEG C.
74. droplet according to claim 70, wherein the flash-point of the hydrophobic part is between -50 to 80 DEG C.
75. droplet according to claim 57, wherein one or more flammable solids are selected from the group of consisting of:
Hexa, 1,3,5- trioxanes, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium nitrate, coal dust.
76. droplet according to claim 57, further includes: one or more fuel gas.
77. the droplet according to claim 76, wherein one or more fuel gas are selected from the group of consisting of:
The combination of oxygen, propane, butane, natural gas, hydrogen, acetylene, synthesis gas, coal gas and biogas composition.
78. droplet according to claim 57, wherein the vapour pressure of the droplet comes from a range of choice, wherein described
Range of choice is included at 10 DEG C to 170 DEG C from 0.01atm to 8atm.
79. the droplet according to claim 78, wherein the range of choice be included at 56 DEG C to 168 DEG C from 1.9atm to
7.5atm。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662427694P | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | |
| US62/427,694 | 2016-11-29 | ||
| PCT/US2017/063111 WO2018102218A1 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-22 | Droplet for fuels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110177860A true CN110177860A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
Family
ID=67689229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780082886.0A Pending CN110177860A (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2017-11-22 | Fuel droplets |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110177860A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1033988A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-19 | 阿特拉斯粉末公司 | Be used to prepare the stable fluid systems of high density explosive compositions |
| CN1107503A (en) * | 1994-12-26 | 1995-08-30 | 黄行声 | Emulsified fuel by blending water with heavy oil- double-base heavy oil |
| CN1213394A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-04-07 | 罗狄亚公司 | Method for fluidizing tars |
| CN1236806A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 1999-12-01 | 苏宏文 | Oil-water-coal slurry and its preparing process |
| CN102477319A (en) * | 2010-11-21 | 2012-05-30 | 张朝斌 | Emulsion cleaning gasoline with environmental protection and energy saving |
-
2017
- 2017-11-22 CN CN201780082886.0A patent/CN110177860A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1033988A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-19 | 阿特拉斯粉末公司 | Be used to prepare the stable fluid systems of high density explosive compositions |
| CN1107503A (en) * | 1994-12-26 | 1995-08-30 | 黄行声 | Emulsified fuel by blending water with heavy oil- double-base heavy oil |
| CN1213394A (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-04-07 | 罗狄亚公司 | Method for fluidizing tars |
| CN1236806A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 1999-12-01 | 苏宏文 | Oil-water-coal slurry and its preparing process |
| CN102477319A (en) * | 2010-11-21 | 2012-05-30 | 张朝斌 | Emulsion cleaning gasoline with environmental protection and energy saving |
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