CN1101761A - 具有螺旋天线阵列和波导的平面天线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于卫星通信的改进型平面天线，它能够提
供较高的孔径效率、改进圆极化强度和增加产品适应
性。该天线包括一个波导和一个M×N螺旋天线单
元的阵列，其中M和N是整数。波导包括一个主馈
波导和一组M个副馈波导，其中M个副馈波导的每
一个设置有N个螺旋天线单元，每个副馈波导通过
一个孔耦合到主馈波导，以致从每个副馈波导中N
个螺旋天线单元所接收的信号在主馈波导处组合。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于接收直接广播卫星（DBS）电视信号的平面天线，并且更特别涉及一种能够提供增强孔径效率、改进圆极化强度和增加产品适应性的改进平面天线。
接收来自卫星的大约12GHz载波频率的直接广播信号需要一个具有高增益和低轴比的圆极化天线。最近，已经提出了各种类型的平面天线用于这个频率范围的DBS接收。该平面天线由一个天线单元的阵列构成，每个天线单元都能接收12GHz信号。由于构成阵列的这些天线单元必须能够接收短波，例如大约2.5cm的信号，因此，它们必须是小尺寸和需要大量的这种天线单元，以便对满意的电视图象提供足够的能量。
在美国专利4，680，591和4，907，012中描述了两种平面天线，每个平面天线包括一个具有探针的螺旋天线单元的阵列、探针位于呈矩形截面的普通谐振腔内。该谐振腔用于组合来自各单元具有低损耗的所有输出。更具体地说，在美国专利4，907，012中，在天线中提供有四个向内突出的支衬，其中，每个支衬被设置在沿腔侧边的中间，以激励形成不同模式的驻波，从而改进了天线阵的频率特性。
然而，由于这些天线使用谐振腔以组合来自各单元的输出形成驻波，各天线单元就必须精确地排列，因而将降低产品适应性。
因此，本发明的主要目的是提供一种改进的平面天线，通过使用波导和一个螺旋天线单元的阵列，它能够提供较高的孔径效率、改进圆极化强度和增加产品适应性。
根据本发明提供的一种用于接收来自卫星的直接广播信号的天线，包括：一个装有一个顶、一个底、一对水平连续边和一对垂直连续边的天线波导，并且，上述天线波导包括一个主馈波导和一组M个副馈波导，M为整数，其中每个副馈波导具有一对边和二个端，各副馈波导相互以边靠边被设置，最外副馈波导之一具有所述天线波导的垂直连续边对之一作为它的边之一，每个副馈波导通过在其一端的孔耦合到主馈波导，并且，在另一端与所述天线波导的水平连续边对之一相邻接，每个副馈波导的孔被设置在每个副馈波导的同一端，和邻接每个副馈波导的该端被设置在每个副馈波导的同一端，因而，将主馈波导限制到没有被一组M个副馈波导占据的所述天线波导的位置;一个M×N螺旋天线单元的阵列，N为整数，每个螺旋天线单元包括一个螺旋天线和一个与其相连的探针，并且通过所述天线波导的顶压入副馈波导之一，其中M个副馈波导的每一个设置有N个螺旋天线单元，从而形成了M×N螺旋天线单元的阵列，每个螺旋天线相对于垂直方向上它的一个或二个最近邻接的螺旋天线的相位差为90°，相对于水平方向上它的一个或二个最近邻接的螺旋天线的相位差为180°，压入每个副馈波导的每个探针的长度根据预定的以它离开位于该端的孔逐渐增加，和每个副馈波导的孔根据预定的以它离开副馈波导逐渐变窄，副馈波导具有作为它的一个边的上述波导的垂直连续边对之一;一组M个电感柱与每个副馈波导联结，每个电感柱被耦合到每个孔，并位于主馈波导中;一个包括天线罩和保护层的盖，完全封闭了包含螺旋天线单元阵列的所述波导的顶表面;和一个与主馈波导耦合的输出装置，用于从那里输出信号。
本发明上述和另一个目的和特征从下面结合附图的优选实施例的描述中将变得明显了。其中，
图1表示根据本发明的平面天线的透视图;
图2说明根据图1所示的A-A线的剖面图，其中部为简明起见而被省略;
图3为图1所示的天线的平面图，表示天线波导和螺旋天线单元的结构;和
图4描绘了根据图3所示的B-B线所取的部分剖面图;
本发明提供一种改进的平面天线，包括一个波导和一个M×N螺旋天线单元的阵列。该波导包括主馈波导和一组M个副馈波导，其中M个副馈波导的每一个设置有N个螺旋天线单元，每个副馈波导通过一个孔耦合到主馈波导，以致在每个副馈波导中从N螺旋天线单元所接收的信号在主馈波导被组合。
在图1中所示的天线组件100包括一个天线波导200、一个完全封闭天线波导200的顶表面的盖300和一个输出探针400。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例提供的一个天线波导200包括一个主馈波导20、9个副馈波导11到19，和12×9螺旋天线单元，每一个副馈波导具有12个螺旋天线单元。
天线组件100被设计成特别适合于接收供普通DBS网络使用的格式信号，以致天线组件100具有多个螺旋天线单元31到39，用于接收圆极化信号，并且天线波导200用于传送所接收的信号。
一个从螺旋天线单元31到39所接收的信号通过天线波导200耦合到输出探针400，通过输出探针400将接收的信号耦合到接收机（未表示）。
参照图2，它表示了按照图1所示的A-A线所取的天线组件100的剖面图。天线波导200由顶板210、底板220、侧壁230和240所限定。每个螺旋天线单元34包括具有例如两圈的螺旋部分41和与其连结的探针42，探针42位于副馈波导例如14内。压入例如14的每个探针42的长度为H1。压入副馈波导14的每个探针42的长度H1按在探针与位于副馈波导14的右端的孔44之间距离的增加而逐渐增加。用这种方法，在所有螺旋天线单元34和副馈波导14之间提供一个均匀电耦合，以致被螺旋天线单元34接收的所有电场信号分量均匀地传送到副馈波导14。副馈波导14被导电衬54和孔44所限定，导电衬54由例如在由绝缘材料，例如丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物树脂（ABS）制成的板210、220、230的内表面上的铝合金、铜、金、镍或银制成。副馈波导14的高度优选为9.525mm。
为了在副馈波导14的顶板210上牢固地安装螺旋天线单元34，每个螺旋天线单元34，在狭窄部分中间的螺旋部分41和探针42被强迫装到副馈波导14的顶板210的衬套43。虽然衬套43紧紧夹住螺旋天线单元34的狭窄位置足以防止在正常使用期间的移动，而螺旋天线单元34在相对于衬套43的两个方向上都能滑动，以允许波导14的调节。
副馈波导14通过孔44耦合到图1所示的主馈波导20，它被在电绝缘材料例如ABS树脂制成的板210、220和240的内表面（测量宽度W1为19.05mm和高度H3为9.525mm）上的导电衬21（例如铝合金、铜、金、镍或银）和孔44所限定。主馈波导20用于组合来自副馈波导11至19的所有输出。主馈波导20也包括一个从底板220延伸到顶板210的电感柱60。电感柱60用于在主馈波导20和副馈波导14之间的阻抗匹配，从而有效地减少了在它们耦合部分的反射辐射能量。
螺旋天线单元34被盖300所覆盖，盖300包括天线罩310和聚苯乙烯泡沫层320。聚苯乙烯泡沫层320封闭了螺旋天线单元34，以便提供支撑和使损坏风险率到最小。聚苯乙烯泡沫层320是一种极低介电常数和低射频损耗的材料，以致它的存在对天线信号接收性能有微小的影响。天线罩310由防水塑料材料例如ABS树脂制成，以防止吸水。
参照图3，表示了除去盖300的天线组件100的平面图。如图2所示，波导200设置有底板220、顶板210和由一对水平连续板240和260与一对垂直连续板230和250组成的四个侧板230、240、250和260。当平行于底板220切割时，天线波导220具有一个横截面，除了向内突出的输出探针部分290被板270和280限定外，横截面的形状基本上呈矩形。天线波导200包括主馈波导20和9个副馈波导11到19，每个副馈波导都具有固定长度L1和固定宽度W1。每个副馈波导12被一对侧板71、72、260和孔44所限定。副馈波导11具有作为它侧表面之一的波导200的水平连续板230。每个副馈波导11到19通过孔44耦合到主馈波导20。
副馈波导11到19设置有相同数目螺旋天线单元。每个螺旋天线相对于纵向方向上它的一个或两个最近邻接螺旋天线的相位差为90°，和相对于水平方向上它的五个最近邻接螺旋天线的相位差为180°。每个副馈波导11到19的孔44根据标准的以它离于侧壁230逐渐变窄。
一组9个电感柱60位于主馈波导20中，每一个电感柱60被耦合到它的各自的孔。在距离和其孔宽度之间的关系被大致确定后，每个电感柱60和相应的孔之间距离随其相应的孔宽度而增加。在这个方法中提供了良好的阻抗匹配，从而大大减小了在主馈波导20和副馈波导11到19之间耦合部分的反射辐射能量。
如上所述，从多个螺旋天线单元接收的辐射信号耦合到每个副馈波导11到19和从副馈波导11到19的输出通过电感柱60在主馈波导20处组合。
参照图4，表示了按照图3所示的B-B线所取的天线组件100的剖面图，普通的低噪声块下变频器（LNB）电路80位于顶板210的端部和由侧板240和顶板270支承，它能够使高频信号成低频信号。用于从主馈波导20输出组合信号的输出探针400直接耦合到LNB电路80，并且通过底板220向下延伸以便连接到接收机。LNB电路80的输入探针81通过顶板210位于主馈波导中，在这个方法中，来自主波导的组合信号通过LNB电路80耦合到天线的输出探针400，以便把接收信号送到具有正确相位关系的电视接收机。
本发明仅仅对于某些优选实施例已经进行公开，而其它的改型和变型也都没有脱离本发明在下列权利要求中所规定的范围。
Claims (3)
1、一种用于接收来自卫星的直接广播信号的天线，包括：
一个装有一个顶、一个底、一对水平连续边和一对垂直连续边的天线波导，并且，所述天线波导包括一个主馈波导和一组M个副馈波导，M为整数，其中每个副馈波导具有一对边和二个端，副馈波导相互以边靠边被放置，最外副馈波导之一具有作为它一个边的波导的垂直连续边对之一，每个副馈波导通过位于其一端的孔耦合到主馈波导，并且在另一端与所述天线波导的水平连续边对之一相邻接，每个副馈波导的孔被设置在每个副馈波导的同一端，并且联接每个副馈波导的该端被设置在每个副馈波导的同一端，从而将主馈波导限制到没有被一组M个副馈波导占据的所述天线波导的部分；
一个M×N螺旋天线单元阵列，N为整数，每个螺旋天线单元包括一个螺旋天线和一个与其相连的探针，并且通过天线波导的顶部压入副馈波导之一，其中M个副馈波导的每一个设置有N个螺旋天线单元，从而形成了M×N螺旋天线单元的阵列；
一组M个电感柱与每个副馈波导联结，每个电感柱被耦合到每个孔，并位于主馈波导中；和
一个与主馈波导耦合的输出装置，用于从那里输出信号。
2、根据权利要求1的天线，其中每个螺旋天线相对于垂直方向上它的一个或二个最近邻接的螺旋天线的相位差为90°和相对于水平方向上它的一个或二个最近邻接的螺旋天线的相位差为180°，压入每个副馈波导的每个探针的长度根据预定的以它离开位于其端的孔逐渐增加，和每个副馈波导的孔根据预调的以它离开副馈波导逐渐变窄，副馈波导具有作为它一个边的所述波导的垂直连续边对之一。
3、根据权利要求2的天线，进一步包括：一个包括天线罩和保护层的盖，完全封闭了包含螺旋天线单元的阵列。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019930014873A KR0147035B1 (ko) | 1993-07-31 | 1993-07-31 | 개선된 헤리컬 와이어 배열 평면안테나 |
| KR93-14873 | 1993-07-31 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1101761A true CN1101761A (zh) | 1995-04-19 |
| CN1046597C CN1046597C (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94115991A Expired - Fee Related CN1046597C (zh) | 1993-07-31 | 1994-07-30 | 具有螺旋天线阵列和波导的平面天线 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5539421A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0637095B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH07176950A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR0147035B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1046597C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69421341D1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106902465A (zh) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 西北工业大学 | 一种基于螺旋天线的微波聚焦球面阵列天线 |
| CN107482311A (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | 螺旋天线系统 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7420522B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2008-09-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Electromagnetic radiation interface system and method |
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| US3701162A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | 1972-10-24 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Planar antenna array |
| GB8317938D0 (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1983-08-03 | Emi Ltd | Antenna |
| US4618865A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1986-10-21 | Sperry Corporation | Dielectric trough waveguide antenna |
| JPS6220403A (ja) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-01-29 | Kiyohiko Ito | スロツト給電アレイアンテナ |
| GB8624984D0 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1986-11-19 | Emi Plc Thorn | Antenna |
| JP2733472B2 (ja) * | 1988-02-19 | 1998-03-30 | 有限会社ラジアルアンテナ研究所 | 導波管スロット・アンテナ及びその製造方法並びに導波管の結合構造 |
| JPH02189008A (ja) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-25 | Hisamatsu Nakano | 円偏波アンテナ装置 |
| JPH0831742B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-08 | 1996-03-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | アンテナ装置 |
| JP2506514B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-06 | 1996-06-12 | 八木アンテナ株式会社 | 平面アンテナ |
| JPH0817289B2 (ja) * | 1991-06-07 | 1996-02-21 | 久松 中野 | カールアンテナ素子及びカールアンテナ装置 |
-
1993
- 1993-07-31 KR KR1019930014873A patent/KR0147035B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-07-30 CN CN94115991A patent/CN1046597C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-01 EP EP94111997A patent/EP0637095B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-01 JP JP6180323A patent/JPH07176950A/ja active Pending
- 1994-08-01 US US08/284,027 patent/US5539421A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-01 DE DE69421341T patent/DE69421341D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106902465A (zh) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 西北工业大学 | 一种基于螺旋天线的微波聚焦球面阵列天线 |
| CN107482311A (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-15 | 西南交通大学 | 螺旋天线系统 |
| CN107482311B (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2023-05-16 | 西南交通大学 | 螺旋天线系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1046597C (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
| EP0637095B1 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
| DE69421341D1 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
| KR0147035B1 (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
| EP0637095A1 (en) | 1995-02-01 |
| JPH07176950A (ja) | 1995-07-14 |
| KR950004632A (ko) | 1995-02-18 |
| US5539421A (en) | 1996-07-23 |
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