CN110174619B - 电池管理系统 - Google Patents

电池管理系统 Download PDF

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CN110174619B
CN110174619B CN201910127118.3A CN201910127118A CN110174619B CN 110174619 B CN110174619 B CN 110174619B CN 201910127118 A CN201910127118 A CN 201910127118A CN 110174619 B CN110174619 B CN 110174619B
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battery
soh
soc
battery module
management system
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CN110174619A (zh
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金恩煐
李炳殷
郑夏哲
崔荣林
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SK On Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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    • G01R31/374Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91Electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池管理系统。根据本发明的一个实施方案,用于管理包括多个电池模块的电池包的电池管理系统可以包括分别与多个电池模块对应的多个单独的电池管理单元,和配置为整体管理多个单独的电池管理单元的管理部分,其中每个单独的电池管理单元包括用于计算每个电池模块的健康状态(SOH)的健康状态计算器和用于计算每个电池模块的充电状态(SOC)的充电状态计算器,管理部分基于每个电池模块的SOH和SOC管理多个电池模块整体的性能状态,并且通过每个电池模块的SOH来校正每个电池模块的SOC。

Description

电池管理系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年2月20日向韩国知识产权局提交的第10-2018-0019956号韩国专利申请的优先权,出于所有目的,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
背景
1.领域
本发明涉及电池管理系统。
2.相关技术的描述
使用诸如汽油和柴油的化石燃料的车辆的最大问题之一是它会导致空气污染。作为解决这种问题的手段,使用能够充电和放电的二次电池作为车辆电源的技术正引起关注。
因此,已经开发了可以仅由电池操作的电动车辆(EV)、组合使用电池和现有发动机的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)等,并且其中一些已经商业化。主要使用镍金属氢化物(Ni-MH)电池作为用作EV、HEV等的电源的二次电池。然而,最近也研究了锂离子电池的使用。
为了将这种二次电池用作EV、HEV等的电源,需要高输出的大容量。为此,将多个小型二次电池(单元电池)串联或并联连接以形成电池组,并且多个电池组串联或并联连接以形成单个电池包(pack)以供使用。
由多个模块组成的车辆电池通常仅在一些模块中具有部分问题,而不是在所有模块中同时发生劣化或性能退化的问题。当某些模块出现性能问题时,如果能够仅用新的模块替换有问题的模块,则可以降低成本和工作量。电池包括用于监控电池状态的电池管理系统(BMS)。在仅用新的模块替换一些模块的情况下,替换的模块和先前模块的信息需要反映在用于生成关于电池管理的信息(充电状态(SOC)、健康状态(SOH)等)的算法中。
然而,传统的电池管理系统管理整个电池包的整个装置的电压、开路电压(OCV)、SOC、SOH等,因此当仅更换电池包中的一些模块时,整个管理系统难以反映这样的事件,并且不可能监控每个模块的状态。
[相关技术文献]
[专利文献]
韩国专利公开第10-2012-0117470号(2012年10月24日)
发明内容
提供该发明内容是为了以简化的形式介绍一些构思,这些构思将在下面的具体实施方式中进一步描述。本发明内容不旨在确定所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不旨在用于帮助确定所要求保护的主题的范围。
所公开的实施方案旨在提供一种电池管理系统,其能够监控每个单独电池模块的电池状态,从而预测整个电池包的性能。
在一个一般方面,提供了一种用于管理包括多个电池模块的电池包的电池管理系统,该电池管理系统包括分别与多个电池模块对应的多个单独的电池管理单元和配置为整体管理多个单独的电池管理单元的管理部分,其中每个单独的电池管理单元包括配置为计算每个电池模块的SOH的健康状态(SOH)计算器和配置为计算每个电池模块的SOC的充电状态(SOC)计算器,管理部分被配置为基于所述每个电池模块的SOH和SOC来管理多个电池模块整体的性能状态,并且,通过每个电池模块的的SOH来校正每个电池模块的SOC。
管理部分可以基于每个电池模块的SOH和SOC来设置所述每个电池模块的可用容量(usable capacity)。
管理部分可以基于多个电池模块的可用容量中的最小容量来管理多个电池模块整体的性能状态。
每个电池模块的SOH可以通过关于电池容量的SOH和关于电池中电阻增加的SOH来计算。
关于电池容量的SOH可通过以下等式计算:
Figure BDA0001973989150000031
其中SOHC表示关于电池容量的SOH,容量_ini表示初始电池容量,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),a(1)、a(2)和a(3)表示关系常数。
关于电池中电阻增加的SOH通过以下等式计算:
Figure BDA0001973989150000032
其中SOHR表示关于电阻增加的SOH,IR_ini表示初始电池中的内电阻,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),b(1)、b(2)和b(3)表示关系常数。
可以通过电池电路模型来计算每个电池模块的SOC。
电池电路模型可以建模为以下等式:
Figure BDA0001973989150000033
其中V表示电池电压,OCV表示开路电压,I表示电流,R1表示随电池劣化而变化的电阻,C表示设定电容,R表示设定电阻。
可以通过针对每个电池模块计算的关于电池容量的SOH值来校正OCV的值。
可以通过针对每个电池模块计算的关于电池中电阻增加的SOH值来校正I·R1的值。
可以基于校正的OCV值由SOC-OCV表来计算每个电池模块的SOC。
可以由电池电路模型预测每个电池模块的电压和输出。
根据以下具体实施方式、附图和权利要求,其他特征和方面将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1为用于描述根据本发明的一个实施方案的多个电池模块和电池管理系统的图。
图2为示出根据本发明的一个实施方案的单独电池管理单元的图。
图3为用于描述根据本发明的一个实施方案的电池管理系统的管理方法的图。
图4为示出用于获得充电状态(SOC)的电池电路模型的电路图。
图5为用于描述根据本发明另一实施方案的多个电池模块和电池管理系统的图。
在全部附图和具体实施方式中,除非另外描述,否则相同的附图标号将被理解为表示相同的元件、特征和结构。为了清楚、说明和方便,可能扩大了这些元件的相对尺寸和描绘。
具体实施方式
提供以下描述以帮助读者获得对本文所描述的方法、装置和/或系统的全面理解。因此,将向本领域普通技术人员建议本文所描述的方法、装置和/或系统的各种改变、修改和等同方案。
为了更加清楚和简明,可以省略对公知功能和结构的描述。此外,考虑到实施方案中的功能而选择下面描述的术语,并且其含义可以根据例如用户或操作者的意图或习惯而变化。因此,术语的定义应基于整体背景。提供在具体实施方式中使用的术语仅是为了描述本发明的实施方案,而不是为了限制的目的。除非上下文另有明确说明,否则单数形式包括复数形式。应当理解,术语“包括”或“包含”在本文中使用时具体指明一些特征、数字、步骤、操作、元件和/或它们的组合,但不排除存在或可能存在除了描述之外的一个或多个其他特征、数字、步骤、操作、元件和/或它们的组合。
图1为用于描述根据本发明的一个实施方案的多个电池模块和电池管理系统的图。
参考图1,包括多个电池模块55的电池包50的电池状态可以由电池管理系统10管理。电池管理系统10可以包括分别对应于多个电池模块55的单独的电池管理单元100,并且,单独的电池管理单元被配置为管理每个电池模块55的电池状态。此外,由单独的电池管理单元100获得的关于单独的电池模块55的信息可以由电池管理系统10的管理部分200整体管理。这样做可以监控每个电池模块55的电池状态,从而可以预测整个电池包50的性能。
图2为示出根据本发明的一个实施方案的单独的电池管理单元100的图。
参考图2,单独的电池管理单元100可以被配置为管理电池包50的每个单独的电池模块55的电池状态。单独的电池管理单元100可以包括被配置为计算单独的电池模块55的健康状态(SOH)的SOH计算器110和被配置为计算单独的电池模块55的充电状态(SOC)的SOC计算器120。在这种情况下,单独的电池模块55的SOC值可以通过由SOH计算器110计算的SOH值来校正,从而使得可以预测更准确的SOC值。
图3为用于描述根据本发明的一个实施方案的电池管理系统的管理方法的图。
每个单独的电池模块55的SOH和SOC可以由电池管理系统10的各个单独的电池管理单元100来计算。此外,可以基于计算的SOH和SOC来预测单独的电池模块55的容量。在图3A至图3C中每个单独的电池模块的SOH、SOC和容量以图的形式示出。即,图3A为表示各个单独的电池模块55的SOH的图,图3B为表示各个单独的电池模块55的SOC的图,图3C为表示每个单独的电池模块55的容量的图。
参照图3A至图3C,即使当单独的电池模块55最初可以具有相同的性能时,由于每个单独的电池模块55的性能劣化程度可能不同,它们的性能可能随着时间的变化而彼此不同。单独的电池模块55的性能可能导致SOH、SOC和容量的差异。在本实施方案中,不仅测量和预测整个电池包50的性能,而且还测量和预测每个单独的电池模块55的性能,从而可以基于特别是具有最劣化性能的电池模块55来管理整个电池包50。因此,参照图3A至图3C,可以基于表现出最劣化性能的电池模块55(图3A至图3C中的第二个模块)的SOH、SOC和容量来维持整个电池包50的性能状态。
在下文中,将描述单独的电池管理单元100中计算SOH和SOC的方法。
单独的电池管理单元100可以基于与单独的电池模块55相关的两个方面来测量SOH。一个是关于电池容量的SOH,另一个是关于电池中电阻增加的SOH。随着电池劣化,电池的容量降低并且电池中的电阻增加。因此,可以通过指示电池容量的减小程度和电池中的电阻增加程度来计算单独的电池模块55的SOH。
在这种情况下,用于计算关于电池容量的SOH的等式可以如下所示。
Figure BDA0001973989150000061
在上式中,SOHC表示关于电池容量的SOH,容量_ini表示初始电池容量,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),以及a(1)、a(2)和a(3)表示关系常数。
也就是说,随着电池使用时间的流逝,关于电池容量的SOH值可以根据电池中的温度而改变。当计算出每个单独的电池模块55的关于电池容量的SOH后,可以通过收集计算出的SOH来确定具有最大劣化程度的单独的电池模块55,并且可以基于所确定的电池模块55来管理整个电池包50。
此外,用于计算关于电池中电阻增加的SOH的等式可以为如下所示。
Figure BDA0001973989150000062
在上式中,SOHR表示关于电阻增加的SOH,IR_ini表示初始电池中的内电阻,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),并且b(1)、b(2)和b(3)表示关系常数。
也就是说,随着电池使用时间的流逝,关于电池中电阻增加的SOH值可根据电池中的温度而改变。当计算出每个单独的电池模块55的关于电阻增加的SOH后,可以通过收集计算出的SOH来确定具有最大劣化程度的单独的电池模块55,并且可以基于所确定的电池模块55来管理整个电池包50。
然后,可以通过电池电路模型计算每个单独的电池模块55的SOC。
图4为示出用于获得SOC的电池电路模型的电路图。
参照图4,假设包括一个电容器和两个电阻器的虚拟电池电路模型表示每个单独的电池模块55的电池性能,可以从电池电路模型获得每个单独的电池模块55的开路电压(OCV),并且SOC可以通过SOC-OCV表获得。
可以将图4的电池电路模型建模为以下等式。
Figure BDA0001973989150000071
在上式中,V表示电池电压,OCV表示开路电压,I表示电流,R1表示随电池劣化而变化的电阻,C表示设定电容,R表示设定电阻。
在上面的等式3中,符号V、OCV、I、R1、C、R与图4的电池电路模型中所示的相同。
单独的电池模块55的OCV可以通过等式3获得,并且当获得OCV后,可以通过SOC-OCV表获得单独的电池模块55的SOC。然而,可以通过针对相应的单独电池模块计算的关于电池容量的SOH(SOHC)来校正等式3中的OCV,并且可以通过针对相应的单独的电池模块计算的关于电阻增加的SOH(SOHR)来校正I·R1的值。
当针对每个单独的电池模块55实施SOC算法时,可以计算每个单独的电池模块55的电阻值和电容值。管理每个单独的电池模块55的电阻值和电容值,使得当使用电池包50时,可以设置要使用的整个电池包50的SOC。如上所述,设置要使用的SOC的方法可以基于单独的电池模块55的SOC中的最小SOC。
此外,在等式3中,不仅可以预测每个单独的电池模块55的SOC,还可以预测电压和输出。因此,可以通过收集关于单独的电池模块55的信息来监控整个电池包50的性能。
图5为用于描述根据本发明另一实施方案的多个电池模块和电池管理系统的图。
当如以上实施方案中所述,设置电池电路模型以获得每个单独的电池模块55的SOC和其他要素时,需要管理每个单独的电池模块55的电阻值和电容值参数,要管理的数据量会增加。在本发明的另一实施方案中,不是管理每个单独电池模块的参数值,而是可以由关系常数表示每个单独的电池模块的电阻值和电容值之间的差异。可以由单独的电池管理单元110a仅计算每个单独的电池模块55的关系常数,并且可以由集成管理单元(integrated management unit)110b基于计算的关系常数最终计算单独的电池模块55的电池特性,从而便于管理整个电池包50。
根据本发明的实施方案,可以监控每个单独的电池模块的电池状态,从而预测整个电池包的性能。
此外,根据本发明的实施方案,通过SOH值校正每个单独的电池模块的SOC值,从而使得可以预测更准确的SOC值。
上面已经描述了许多示例。然而,应该理解,可以进行各种修改。例如,如果所描述的技术以不同的顺序执行和/或如果所描述的系统、架构、设备或电路中的组件以不同的方式组合和/或由其他组件或他们的等同物替换或补充,可能获得合适的结果。因此,其他实施方式在以下权利要求的范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于管理包括多个电池模块的电池包的电池管理系统,所述电池管理系统包括:
分别与所述多个电池模块对应的多个单独的电池管理单元;和
配置为整体管理所述多个单独的电池管理单元的管理部分,
其中所述单独的电池管理单元包括:
配置为计算每个电池模块的健康状态(SOH)的健康状态计算器;和配置为计算每个电池模块的充电状态(SOC)的充电状态计算器;
其中,所述管理部分被配置为基于所述每个电池模块的SOH和SOC来管理所述多个电池模块整体的性能状态,并且
通过所述每个电池模块的SOH来校正所述每个电池模块的SOC,
其中通过电池电路模型来计算所述每个电池模块的SOC,
其中,所述电池电路模型由一个电容器和两个电阻器表示,
其中所述电池电路模型被建模为以下等式:
Figure FDA0004025468470000011
其中V表示电池电压,OCV表示开路电压,I表示电流,R1表示随电池劣化而变化的电阻,C表示设定电容,R表示设定电阻,
其中,通过针对所述每个电池模块计算的关于电池容量的SOH值来校正OCV的值,
其中,通过针对所述每个电池模块计算的关于电池中电阻增加的SOH值来校正I·R1的值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,所述管理部分被配置为基于所述每个电池模块的SOH和SOC来设置所述每个电池模块的可用容量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电池管理系统,其中,所述管理部分被配置为基于所述多个电池模块的可用容量中的最小容量来管理所述多个电池模块整体的性能状态。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中所述每个电池模块中的的SOH通过关于电池容量的SOH和关于电池中电阻增加的SOH来计算。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池管理系统,其中关于电池容量的SOH通过以下等式计算:
Figure FDA0004025468470000021
其中SOHC表示关于电池容量的SOH,容量_ini表示初始电池容量,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),以及a(1)、a(2)和a(3)表示关系常数。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电池管理系统,其中关于电池中电阻增加的SOH通过以下等式计算:
Figure FDA0004025468470000022
其中SOHR表示关于电阻增加的SOH,IR_ini表示初始电池中的内电阻,t表示电池使用时间(秒),T表示电池温度(K),以及b(1)、b(2)和b(3)表示关系常数。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,基于校正的OCV值,由SOC-OCV表来计算所述每个电池模块的SOC。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,由所述电池电路模型预测所述每个电池模块的电压和输出。
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