CN110173696A - A kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system and method - Google Patents

A kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110173696A
CN110173696A CN201910496413.6A CN201910496413A CN110173696A CN 110173696 A CN110173696 A CN 110173696A CN 201910496413 A CN201910496413 A CN 201910496413A CN 110173696 A CN110173696 A CN 110173696A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
incinerator
upper half
heat transfer
lower half
air preheater
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CN201910496413.6A
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CN110173696B (en
Inventor
程珩
叶文约
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Longke Tiancheng (xiamen) Technology Co Ltd
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Longke Tiancheng (xiamen) Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/80Shredding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing systems, comprising: sequentially connected first waste material crushing system, the first feeding system, incinerator lower half and dreg removing system;And sequentially connected second waste material crushing system, the second feeding system, the incinerator upper half and cryolite recovery system;It further include coupling air preheater, the exhanst gas outlet and fuel gas inlet of the coupling air preheater are connected separately with smoke evacuation system and combustion-supporting wind system, the gas inlet of the coupling air preheater connects the outlet of the incinerator upper half and the incinerator lower half, and the gas outlet of the coupling air preheater connects the import of the incinerator upper half and incinerator lower half;Its processing method is comprising steps of S100, feed intake;S200, burning;S300, recycle heat utilize;S400, Product recycling;The present invention efficiently realizes the minimizing of solid waste, innoxious and recycling.

Description

A kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system and method
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to Waste Disposal Technology fields, and in particular to a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type Burning processing system and method.
Background technique
The solid waste that electrolytic aluminium generates mainly includes overhaul waste material and anode breeze.Due under the conditions of long term high temperature by To the erosion of electrolyte solution, containing a large amount of soluble cyanide and fluoride in the overhaul waste material after stopping slot, belong to nuisance Matter.Carbon content is more than 60% in overhaul waste material, remaining is ice crystal and heat preservation, refractory material, and a small amount of harmful cyanide And fluoride, belong to a kind of danger wastes;Containing the ice crystal for having more than 60% in anode breeze, without cyanide and fluorination Object belongs to general solid waste.Current electrolysis aluminium manufacturer generallys use landfill, stacked arrangement handles these solid waste, institute The soluble cyanide and fluoride contained can be shifted by wind, solarization, the effect to drench with rain or be volatized into atmosphere, or with rain Water permeates the ground, is mixed into rivers, contaminated soil and underground water, generates very big damage to animals and plants and human body, destroys ecological environment, As carried out harmless treatment not in time, harm will be long-term.
Carry out the innocuously transformation processing or recycling comprehensive utilization of electrolytic cell overhaul slag as it can be seen that must rely on scientific and technological advances, It just can guarantee that aluminum electrolysis industry meets the needs of national related environmental protection policy, realize the harmonious and sustainable development of Aluminium Industry, Improve environment simultaneously, benefits the society.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system and method, with Solve in the prior art due in electrolytic aluminium solid waste incineration treatment process matter energy be unable to effective recycling, cause The problems such as environmental pollution.
To achieve the goals above, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system, comprising:
Sequentially connected first waste material crushing system, the first feeding system, incinerator lower half and dreg removing system;
And sequentially connected second waste material crushing system, the second feeding system, the incinerator upper half and cryolite recovery System;
It further include coupling air preheater, the exhanst gas outlet and fuel gas inlet of the coupling air preheater connect respectively Be connected to smoke evacuation system and combustion-supporting wind system, the gas inlet of the coupling air preheater connect the incinerator upper half and The outlet of the incinerator lower half, the gas outlet of the coupling air preheater connect the incinerator upper half and burn Burn the import of furnace lower half.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, the incinerator separated place of the incinerator lower half and the incinerator upper half It is provided with separation structure;The incinerator lower half combines to form manifold type burning furnace structure with the incinerator upper half, and burns Thermal communication between furnace lower half and the incinerator upper half.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the separation structure includes being set to the incinerator lower half and burning Heat transfer plate between the furnace upper half, under being provided between the heat transfer plate and the incinerator separated place for realizing incinerator The heat transfer path of half portion and incinerator upper half airflow, the heat transfer path include being located at the incinerator lower half and burning The first heat transfer path between two feed inlets of the furnace upper half is burnt, and is located at the incinerator lower half and incinerator upper half The second heat transfer path between two discharge ports in portion;Upper and lower two feed inlets are separately connected the second feeding system and first Feeding system, upper and lower two discharge ports are separately connected the cryolite recovery system and dreg removing system.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, is provided in first heat transfer path upper end and is mounted on incinerator upper half The striker plate of portion's side wall, and the striker plate is located at the lower section of incinerator upper half feed inlet, is arranged on the striker plate There are several ventilative sieve pores.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that the combustion-supporting wind system is for providing low temperature wind to the coupling air The high-temperature flue gas of preheater, the incinerator upper half and incinerator lower half discharge is preheated by the coupling air The low-temperature flue gas that device is formed after the cooling of low temperature wind is discharged from the smoke evacuation system, and the low temperature wind is in coupling air preheater It is interior heated by high-temperature flue gas after be discharged into the incinerator upper half and the incinerator lower half.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, the heat transfer plate along the incinerator upper half feed inlet towards incinerator upper half The direction of portion's discharge port tilts down, and is provided with above the heat transfer plate for leading to the liquid ice crystal after melting Drainage lumens component in the cryolite recovery system pipeline connector, the pipeline connection port connect the incinerator upper half Discharge port;The drainage lumens component includes the open cell cavity being covered with above entire heat transfer plate, the open cell cavity The fluid layer of connection is matched including the filtrate layers being distributed up and down respectively and with the heat transfer plate upper surface;In the filtrate layers It is even that several liquid through-holes are distributed with, it is equipped at the edge of the liquid through-hole oblique towards the inclined edge of liquid through-hole center position Face, the fluid layer are connected to the incinerator upper half by pipeline connection port close to incinerator upper half discharge port one end and discharge Mouthful.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, is provided with above the discharge port of the incinerator upper half and gas inlet The gas outlet of connection is provided with the air inlet being connected to gas outlet below the discharge port of the incinerator lower half.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, further includes controller, and the controller is electrically connected with air pressure inductor And the electromagnetic valve for controlling gas outlet on-off, the air pressure inductor are set to the inside of the control incinerator upper half.
A kind of processing method of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system, includes the following steps:
S100, it feeds intake: after being crushed to overhaul waste material and anode breeze material, difference feeding to the upper half of incinerator The lower half and;
S200, burning: combustion-supporting wind system is sent into the incinerator after low temperature wind is heated up by coupling air preheater The upper half and lower half in;
S300, recycle heat utilize: after the high-temperature flue gas that incinerator generates is cooled down by the coupling air preheater Discharge, the heat that the recycling incinerator burning of coupling air preheater generates is for heating the low temperature wind;
S400, Product recycling: anode breeze material passes through cryolite recovery by the liquid ice crystal that burning generates fusing System is recycled.
The embodiment of the present invention is further characterized in that, further includes fume treatment recycling step, is preheated from the coupling air The low-temperature flue gas of device discharge is carried out by the alumina powder in smoke evacuation system, and the fluorine of absorption is recycled as raw materials.
The embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that
(1) present invention realizes the minimizing of solid waste: using the charcoal of the high-content in overhaul waste material as fuel, The charcoal completely burned of high-content generates flue gas, discharges heat anode breeze;The ice crystal of high-content is added in anode breeze It is hot-melted recycling and reusing, least a portion of charcoal is heated burning and generates hot fume discharge in anode breeze;Two parts hot fume collection In get up for the combustion air for heating incinerator;The final solid waste of whole system only has the slag discharge of 10%-20%, and solid is useless Gurry is reduced 80%-90%;
(2) present invention realizes the innoxious of solid waste: the total cyanide of overhaul waste material is by high temperature in burning process It is converted into innocuous substance, burns and is escaped in gaseous form with fluoride in heating process, electrolytic aluminium factory is back to by smoke evacuation system Existing smoking gas containing fluorine processing system is absorbed fluorine as raw material reuse by alumina powder absorption method, is realized discarded The harmless treatment of object;
(3) present invention realizes the recycling of solid waste: using the charcoal of the high-content in overhaul waste material as fuel, The ice crystal of high-content in heating recovery anode breeze;Smoking gas containing fluorine returns to existing smoke processing system, is inhaled with alumina powder As raw material reuse under attached;Ice crystal, fluorine element and carbon chemical heat in waste have obtained effective utilization.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to embodiment party in order to illustrate more clearly of embodiments of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art Formula or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described.It should be evident that the accompanying drawings in the following description is only It is merely exemplary, it for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also basis The attached drawing of offer, which is extended, obtains other implementation attached drawings.
Structure depicted in this specification, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, for Those skilled in the art understands and reads, and is not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, therefore does not have technical Essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size are not influencing the function of the invention that can be generated Under effect and the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents obtain and can cover.
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the overall structure diagram of incinerator of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram of A in Fig. 2 of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged structure schematic diagram of B in Fig. 2 of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of C in Fig. 1 of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of processing method of the present invention.
In figure:
1- smoke evacuation system;2- combustion-supporting wind system;3- coupling air preheater;The 4- incinerator upper half;5- ice crystal returns Receipts system;6- the first waste material crushing system;The first feeding system of 7-;8- incinerator lower half;9- dreg removing system;10- second is useless Expect crushing system;The second feeding system of 11-;12- incinerator separated place;13- separation structure;14- heat transfer plate;15- feed inlet; The first heat transfer path of 16-;17- discharge port;The second heat transfer path of 18-;19- striker plate;The ventilative sieve pore of 20-;21- filtrate layers;22- Fluid layer;23- liquid through-hole;24- bezel;25- pipeline connection port;26- air pressure inductor;27- electromagnetic valve;28- goes out Port;29- air inlet;
301- exhanst gas outlet;302- fuel gas inlet;303- gas inlet;304- gas outlet.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by particular specific embodiment below, those skilled in the art can be by this explanation Content disclosed by book is understood other advantages and efficacy of the present invention easily, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one Section Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
During Aluminum Electrolysis Production, two kinds of solid waste (overhaul waste material and anode breeze) are mainly generated, due to it To harmful substance, so generally all can carry out secondary treatment to it, still, usual manner is all to mix respectively to two kinds of substances Conjunction or independent burning disposal, this just needs largely to burn material.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, main idea is that providing a kind of energy saving electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type Burning processing system, main thought are will to be divided into upper and lower two according to the characteristic of two kinds of waste contained substances, and by incinerator Part, upper part is for recycling the anode breeze more containing ice crystal, the overhaul more for burning disposal carbon content of lower part Waste material can save a large amount of burning material in this way.Aim at the minimizing of solid waste, innoxious and recycling.
Although also containing part ice crystal in overhaul waste material, condition (1009 DEG C of fusing point) institute of opposite cryolite recovery The energy for needing to consume is worth well below cost recovery, therefore, the necessity not recycled in comparison.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the burning processing system includes that sequentially connected first for handling overhaul waste material is given up Expect crushing system 6, the first feeding system 7, incinerator lower half 8 and dreg removing system 9.It is sent after being crushed overhaul waste material by pipeline Enter incinerator lower half 8, and the waste residue that burning generates is discharged from dreg removing system 9.
Further include for handle the sequentially connected second waste material crushing system 10 of anode breeze, the second feeding system 11, The incinerator upper half 4 and cryolite recovery system 5.Be sent into the incinerator upper half 4 after anode breeze being crushed by pipeline.It burns Ice crystal solution after the furnace upper half 4 is burnt is recycled by cryolite recovery system 5.
If the high-temperature flue gas generated in the burning disposal mode by the incinerator upper half 4 and the burning of incinerator lower half 8 It is directly discharged to not only cause the waste of heat in atmosphere, and is easy to pollute air, smoking gas containing fluorine direct emission is dirty Environment is contaminated, and the carbon contained in overhaul waste material and anode breeze is not effectively utilized, and causes energy loss.
Since to be not so good as common fuel effect certainly good for the combustion efficiency of overhaul waste material, in order to reach better combustion Effect is burnt, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, present embodiment adds a coupling air preheater 3 and combustion air in incineration system System 2, specific connection relationship in systems are as follows:
The exhanst gas outlet 301 and fuel gas inlet 302 of coupling air preheater 3 are connected separately with smoke evacuation system 1 and combustion-supporting Wind system 2, combustion-supporting wind system 2 is for providing low temperature wind to coupling air preheater 3, under the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator By coupling air preheater 3, the low-temperature flue gas that is formed after the cooling of low temperature wind from smoke evacuation is the high-temperature flue gas that half portion 8 is discharged 1 discharge of system, low temperature wind are discharged into the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator after being heated in coupling air preheater 3 by high-temperature flue gas In lower half 8.
The gas inlet 303 of coupling air preheater 3 connects the outlet of the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8, The gas outlet 304 of coupling air preheater 3 connects the import of the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8.Combustion air system System 2 is respectively fed to the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8 after low temperature wind is heated up by coupling air preheater 3, burns It burns after the high-temperature flue gas that the furnace upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8 generate is cooled down by coupling air preheater 3 and is discharged, couple Regenerative air heater 3 recycles the heat of the incinerator upper half 4 and the burning generation of incinerator lower half 8 for heating low temperature wind.This The reasonable recycling to carbon in overhaul waste material and anode breeze can be achieved in kind operation, improves the utilization rate of energy.
The main function of combustion-supporting wind system 2 is to provide air quantity into incinerator to reach combustion-supporting effect, but in order to enable mention The air quantity of confession does not generate excessive counter productive to the temperature of incinerator, it is therefore desirable to the higher air quantity of temperature or air-flow are provided, If directly extraneous offer high temperature wind, higher cost, therefore 3 main function of present embodiment coupling air preheater have following Several points:
The first, for reducing the temperature of incinerator (the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8) discharge high-temperature flue gas;
The second, combustion-supporting wind system 2 is allowed to provide low temperature wind, low temperature wind passes through in coupling air preheater 3 in height The heat exchange of warm flue gas acts on, and obtains the high temperature wind into incinerator, meanwhile, the temperature of high-temperature flue gas is also reduced.
Coupling air preheater 3 has carried out circulation to the high temperature heat of incinerator well and has recycled, and greatlys save The energy.
The total cyanide of overhaul waste material is innocuous substance by pyrolytic conversion in burning process, burns and is fluorinated in heating process Object escapes in gaseous form, is back to the existing smoking gas containing fluorine processing system of electrolytic aluminium factory by smoke evacuation system, passes through alumina powder Fluorine is absorbed the harmless treatment that waste is realized as raw material reuse by absorption method;And using in overhaul waste material The charcoal of high-content is as fuel, the ice crystal of high-content in heating recovery anode breeze;Smoking gas containing fluorine returns to existing fume treatment System uses alumina powder to absorb as raw material reuse;Ice crystal, fluorine element and carbon chemical heat in waste is equal Effective utilization is obtained.In general, present system can use the charcoal of the high-content in overhaul waste material as fuel, height The charcoal completely burned of content generates flue gas, discharges heat anode breeze;The ice crystal of high-content is heated in anode breeze Recycling and reusing is melted, least a portion of charcoal is heated burning and generates hot fume discharge in anode breeze;Two parts hot fume is concentrated Get up for the combustion air for heating incinerator;The final solid waste of whole system only has the slag discharge of 10%-20%, solid waste Object is reduced 80%-90%.
Efficiency is recycled to energy in order to further increase the manifold type burning processing system.In another embodiment, Incinerator lower half 8 combines to form manifold type burning furnace structure with the incinerator upper half 4, and incinerator lower half 8 and incinerator Thermal communication between the upper half 4.Circulating current in incinerator lower half 8 and the inside formation heat of the incinerator upper half 4, one The utilization rate of energy can be improved to the greatest extent in aspect, and on the other hand, the circulating current of formation helps to put into incinerator lower half 8 With the dehumidifying and lifting of overhaul waste material in the incinerator upper half 4 and anode breeze, the combustion rate of material is improved.It is specific:
The incinerator separated place 12 of incinerator lower half 8 and the incinerator upper half 4 is provided with separation structure 13.Separation structure 13 include the heat transfer plate 14 being set between incinerator lower half 8 and the incinerator upper half 4, is separated in heat transfer plate 14 and incinerator It is provided between place 12 for realizing the heat transfer path of incinerator lower half 8 and 4 airflow of the incinerator upper half, heat transfer path Including the first heat transfer path 16, Yi Jiwei between incinerator lower half 8 and two feed inlets 15 of the incinerator upper half 4 The second heat transfer path 18 between incinerator lower half 8 and two discharge ports 17 of the incinerator upper half 4.Upper and lower two chargings Mouth 15 is separately connected the second feeding system 11 and the first feeding system 7, and upper and lower two discharge ports 17 are separately connected cryolite recovery System 5 and dreg removing system 9.The top of 4 discharge port 17 of the incinerator upper half is provided with the gas outlet being connected to gas inlet 303 28, the lower section of 8 discharge port 17 of incinerator lower half is provided with the air inlet 29 being connected to gas outlet 304.Two feed inlets 15 The opposite of incinerator lower half 8 Yu the incinerator upper half 4 is located at two discharge ports 17.
Present embodiment improves the internal structure of incinerator, to adapt to this entire burning disposal process, in order to Increase burning disposal effect as ultimate attainment as possible, using overcome using overhaul waste material as fuel compare normal fuel existing for lack It falls into, this is also for the technical problem for not using generally this burning disposal mode of the present invention to need to capture in the prior art.
It is separated into incinerator lower half 8 and the incinerator upper half 4 by heat transfer plate 14, heat transfer plate 14, which directly contacts, to be needed back The raw material anode breeze of ice collection spar, transmission of heat are good.
Conventional idea heat transfer plate necessarily separates incinerator lower half 8 and the incinerator upper half 4 completely, but in reality It applies in mode, the channel for heat transfer, the first respectively above-mentioned heat transfer is offered between heat transfer plate 14 and incinerator wall surface Combustion air is passed through incinerator lower half from the air inlet 29 of 18 lower section of the second heat transfer path by channel 16 and the second heat transfer path 18 8, combustion air will be flowed towards the side of the first heat transfer path 16 at this time, and form following airflow circulating:
Air inlet 29, the first heat transfer path 16, the incinerator upper half 4, the second heat transfer path 18, is burnt incinerator lower half 8 Burn furnace lower half 8.
The airflow circulating of present embodiment is that part recycles, and is discharged because there are also parts with high-temperature flue gas.
The circulating current of formation comes into full contact with fuel, reduces energy loss.
In addition to this, pass through the air-flow at the first heat transfer path 16, moreover it is possible to enter incinerator lower half 8 fuel and into The reclaimed materials for entering the incinerator upper half 4 plays certain peptizaiton, and air-flow can be such that the material positioned at two feed inlets 15 flies It raises and, material efficiency of combustion, the especially smashed anode breeze material in the incinerator upper half 4 are improved, to avoid fuel mistake It is more the problem of being deposited at feed inlet 15, calory burning is caused to be unevenly distributed, equally it is avoided that anode breeze material is excessive Be deposited at feed inlet 15, cause to be recycled insufficient problem.
Since entire incinerator is in the state of relative closure, heat has certain circulation inside entire incinerator, because This, the main function of circulating current still acts on anode breeze material.
The material of 16 top of the first heat transfer path falls under gravity into lower section incinerator lower half 8 in order to prevent, It is provided with the striker plate 19 for being mounted on 4 side wall of the incinerator upper half in 16 upper end of the first heat transfer path, and striker plate 19 is located at and burns The lower section of 4 feed inlet of the furnace upper half is burnt, is provided with several ventilative sieve pores 20 on striker plate 19, the radius of ventilative sieve pore 20 is not enough to A large amount of anode breeze material is fallen, even if there is small part to fall into lower section, is also influenced without what.
Ventilative 20 amount main function of sieve pore be so that hot wind in the first heat transfer path 16 from bottom to up through ventilative It, will due to the effect of air-flow while the anodic carbon residue entered by 4 feed inlet 15 of the incinerator upper half is dried in sieve pore 20 Anodic carbon residue raises the contact area for increasing itself and air to the inside of the incinerator upper half 4, improves efficiency of combustion.
In the present embodiment, the first heat transfer path 16 and the second heat transfer path 18 do not need entirely to burn furnace sidewall Width (assuming that incinerator be tetragonal), width only needs to connect convenient for airflow circulating, such as: width 3-10cm, Specific width is depending on the size of incinerator.
Meanwhile in order to allow high temperature wind that there is multiple better reciprocation cycle in the incinerator upper half 4 and incinerator lower half 8 Effect, improves heat utilization ratio, which electromagnetic valve 27, control can also be arranged at gas outlet 28 again Device is electrically connected with air pressure inductor 26 and the electromagnetic valve 27 for controlling 28 on-off of gas outlet, and air pressure inductor 26 is arranged In the inside of the control incinerator upper half 4.Air pressure inductor 26 is for monitoring 4 air pressure inside of the incinerator upper half, and by signal It is sent to controller, when air pressure is more than the preset air pressure threshold of controller, controller will instruct gas outlet 28 to open, and towards coupling High-temperature flue gas is discharged into the gas inlet 303 of regenerative air heater 3.
Consider high-temperature factor, this results in needing to have the equipment such as electromagnetic valve 27 resistant to high temperature, air pressure inductor 26 It can be realized, therefore, the opening and closing using 27 discontinuity of electromagnetic valve control gas outlet 28 is selective scheme.
Consider high-temperature factor, present embodiment the gentle pressure inductor 26 of electromagnetic valve 27 can also be arranged lower in temperature 1 entrance of 3 exit of coupling air preheater or smoke evacuation system, corresponding controller can be set pre- in coupling air On hot device 3 or smoke evacuation system 1, specific location does not do specific requirement.Controller can be conventional single-chip microcontroller, microprocessor Deng.
In view of ice crystal needs to filter out the ice crystal molten slurry of high temperature during recycling, this process can With the high temperature generated in the process using 8 overhaul waste combustion of incinerator lower half, therefore following improvement is made that heat transfer plate 14, It is specific:
Heat transfer plate 14 dips down along the direction of feed inlet 15 towards 4 discharge port 17 of the incinerator upper half of the incinerator upper half 4 Tiltedly, be conducive to the water conservancy diversion of ice crystal molten slurry.And it is provided with above heat transfer plate 14 and is drawn for the liquid ice crystal after melting Drainage lumens component into 5 pipeline connection port 25 of cryolite recovery system, pipeline connection port 25 connect going out for the incinerator upper half 4 Material mouth 17, drainage lumens component include the open cell cavity for being covered with entire 14 top of heat transfer plate, and open cell cavity includes difference The filtrate layers 21 (top shell for being equivalent to drainage lumens component) that are distributed up and down and connection is matched with 14 upper surface of heat transfer plate Fluid layer 22.
The upper surface of filtrate layers 21 tilts in the same direction with heat transfer plate 14, and tilt angle is slightly less than the inclination of heat transfer plate 14 Angle, so as to the slow flowing of ice crystal solution.Furthermore the upper surface of filtrate layers 21 can also be horizontally disposed with.Ice crystal molten slurry is first First enter fluid layer 22 after the filtering of filtrate layers 21, and is flowed out from the surface of heat transfer plate 14.If being evenly distributed in filtrate layers 21 Dry liquids through-hole 23 is equipped at the edge of liquid through-hole 23 towards the inclined bezel 24 of 23 center position of liquid through-hole, liquid The inner surface of through-hole 23 is similar to inverted terrace edge shape.On the one hand filtrate is convenient in such design, on the other hand reduce heat transfer plate The loss of 14 surface energies.Fluid layer 22 is connected to close to 4 discharge port of the incinerator upper half, 17 one end by pipeline connection port 25 4 discharge port 17 of the incinerator upper half.Ice crystal molten slurry smoothly flows into discharge port 17 from pipeline connection port 25.
In this embodiment, it does not need to consider the slag charge blocking liquid through-hole 23 after anode carbon Slag treatment, liquid Ice crystal can gradually penetrate into the fluid layer 22 in drainage lumens component from liquid through-hole 23.
In the present embodiment, fluid layer 22 can also directly use heat transfer plate 14 itself.
Preferably, heat transfer plate 14 is equipped with relatively described 14 surface of heat transfer plate close to 4 discharge port of the incinerator upper half, 17 one end Minimum point (being not drawn into figure), and the nozzle of the pipeline connection port 25 is connected to the minimum point, so as to ice crystal solution It smoothly converges to minimum point and is flowed out from pipeline connection port 25.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in fig. 6, the invention additionally provides a kind of processing of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system Method includes the following steps:
S100, it feeds intake: after being crushed to overhaul waste material and anode breeze material, difference feeding to the upper half of incinerator The lower half and;
S200, burning: combustion-supporting wind system is sent into the incinerator after low temperature wind is heated up by coupling air preheater The upper half and lower half in;
S300, recycle heat utilize: after the high-temperature flue gas that incinerator generates is cooled down by the coupling air preheater Discharge, the heat that the recycling incinerator burning of coupling air preheater generates is for heating the low temperature wind;
S400, Product recycling: anode breeze material passes through cryolite recovery by the liquid ice crystal that burning generates fusing System is recycled.
The processing method of the manifold type burning processing system further includes fume treatment recycling step, empty from the manifold type The low-temperature flue gas of air preheater discharge is carried out by the alumina powder in smoke evacuation system, using the fluorine of absorption as raw materials recovery benefit With.
The processing method realizes three purposes, as follows respectively:
The minimizing of solid waste: using the charcoal of the high-content in overhaul waste material as fuel, the charcoal of high-content is complete Burning generates flue gas, discharges heat anode breeze;It is sharp again to be heated fusing recycling for the ice crystal of high-content in anode breeze With least a portion of charcoal is heated burning and generates hot fume discharge in anode breeze;Two parts hot fume is put together for heating The combustion air of incinerator;The final solid waste of whole system only has the slag discharge of 10%-20%, solid waste reducing 80%- 90%;
Solid waste it is innoxious: in burning process the total cyanide of overhaul waste material by pyrolytic conversion be innocuous substance, It burns and is escaped in gaseous form with fluoride in heating process, the existing smoking gas containing fluorine of electrolytic aluminium factory is back to by smoke evacuation system and is handled Fluorine is absorbed the harmless treatment that waste is realized as raw material reuse by alumina powder absorption method by system;
The recycling of solid waste: using the charcoal of the high-content in overhaul waste material as fuel, heating recovery anode carbon The ice crystal of high-content in slag;Smoking gas containing fluorine returns to existing smoke processing system, and alumina powder is used to absorb as raw material Reuse;Ice crystal, fluorine element and carbon chemical heat in waste have obtained effective utilization.
Although above having used general explanation and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, at this On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, These modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are fallen within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system, comprising:
Sequentially connected first waste material crushing system (6), the first feeding system (7), incinerator lower half (8) and dreg removing system (9);
And sequentially connected second waste material crushing system (10), the second feeding system (11), the incinerator upper half (4) and ice crystal Stone recovery system (5);
It is characterized by also including coupling air preheater (3), the exhanst gas outlet of the coupling air preheater (3) (301) and fuel gas inlet (302) is connected separately with smoke evacuation system (1) and combustion-supporting wind system (2), the coupling air preheater (3) gas inlet (303) connects the outlet of the incinerator upper half (4) and the incinerator lower half (8), the coupling The gas outlet (304) of regenerative air heater (3) connects the import of the incinerator upper half (4) and incinerator lower half (8).
2. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute The incinerator separated place (12) for stating incinerator lower half (8) and the incinerator upper half (4) is provided with separation structure (13);It is described to burn Burn furnace lower half (8) combined with the incinerator upper half (4) to be formed manifold type burning furnace structure, and incinerator lower half (8) with burn Burn thermal communication between the furnace upper half (4).
3. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute Stating separation structure (13) includes the heat transfer plate (14) being set between the incinerator lower half (8) and the incinerator upper half (4), It is provided between the heat transfer plate (14) and the incinerator separated place (12) for realizing incinerator lower half (8) and is burned The heat transfer path of the furnace upper half (4) airflow, the heat transfer path include being located at the incinerator lower half (8) and incinerator The first heat transfer path (16) between two feed inlets (15) of the upper half (4), and be located at the incinerator lower half (8) with The second heat transfer path (18) between two discharge ports (17) of the incinerator upper half (4);Upper and lower two feed inlets (15) It is separately connected the second feeding system (11) and the first feeding system (7), upper and lower two discharge ports (17) are separately connected described Cryolite recovery system (5) and dreg removing system (9).
4. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: First heat transfer path (16) upper end is provided with the striker plate (19) for being mounted on the incinerator upper half (4) side wall, and the gear Flitch (19) is located at the lower section of the incinerator upper half (4) feed inlet, is provided with several ventilative sieves on the striker plate (19) Hole (20).
5. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Combustion-supporting wind system (2) are stated for providing low temperature wind to the coupling air preheater (3), the incinerator upper half (4) and The high-temperature flue gas of incinerator lower half (8) discharge shape after the cooling of low temperature wind by the coupling air preheater (3) At low-temperature flue gas be discharged from the smoke evacuation system (1), the low temperature wind is in the coupling air preheater (3) by high-temperature flue gas It is discharged into after heating in the incinerator upper half (4) and the incinerator lower half (8).
6. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: institute State heat transfer plate (14) along the incinerator upper half (4) feed inlet (15) towards the direction of the incinerator upper half (4) discharge port (17) to Lower inclination, and be provided with above the heat transfer plate (14) and returned for the liquid ice crystal after melting to be led to the ice crystal Drainage lumens component in receipts system (5) pipeline connection port (25), the pipeline connection port (25) connect the incinerator upper half (4) discharge port (17);The drainage lumens component includes the open cell cavity being covered with above entire heat transfer plate (14), the bee Nest open-ended cavity includes the upper and lower filtrate layers (21) being distributed of difference and matches leading for connection with the heat transfer plate (14) upper surface Liquid layer (22);Several liquid through-holes (23) are evenly distributed on the filtrate layers (21), at the edge of the liquid through-hole (23) Equipped with towards the inclined bezel of liquid through-hole (23) center position (24), the fluid layer (22) is close to the incinerator upper half (4) discharge port (17) one end is connected to the incinerator upper half (4) discharge port (17) by pipeline connection port (25).
7. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: institute The gas outlet (28) for being provided with above the incinerator upper half (4) discharge port (17) and being connected to gas inlet (303) is stated, it is described to burn It burns and is provided with the air inlet (29) being connected to gas outlet (304) below furnace lower half (8) discharge port (17).
8. a kind of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: also Including controller, the controller is electrically connected with air pressure inductor (26) and the electromagnetism for controlling gas outlet (28) on-off Valve (27), the air pressure inductor (26) are set to the inside of the control incinerator upper half (4).
9. a kind of processing method of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system, it is characterised in that: including walking as follows It is rapid:
S100, feed intake: after being crushed to overhaul waste material and anode breeze material, the upper half of feeding to incinerator is under respectively Half portion;
S200, burning: combustion-supporting wind system is sent into the upper of the incinerator after low temperature wind is heated up by coupling air preheater In half portion and lower half;
S300, recycle heat utilize: the high-temperature flue gas that incinerator generates is discharged after being cooled down by the coupling air preheater, The heat that the recycling incinerator burning of coupling air preheater generates is for heating the low temperature wind;
S400, Product recycling: anode breeze material passes through cryolite recovery system by the liquid ice crystal that burning generates fusing It is recycled.
10. a kind of processing method of electrolytic aluminium solid waste manifold type burning processing system according to claim 9, It is characterized in that: further including fume treatment recycling step, the low-temperature flue gas being discharged from the coupling air preheater passes through smoke evacuation Alumina powder in system carries out, and the fluorine of absorption is recycled as raw materials.
CN201910496413.6A 2019-06-10 2019-06-10 Electrolytic aluminum solid waste coupling type incineration treatment system and method Active CN110173696B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1183308A (en) * 1968-02-01 1970-03-04 Elektrokemisk As Method of Recovering Fluorine from Carbonaceous Waste Material
US4735784A (en) * 1986-07-11 1988-04-05 Morrison-Knudsen Company, Inc. Method of treating fluoride contaminated wastes
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