CN110173218A - 一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头及其制备方法,该孕镶金刚石钻头包括钢体和胎体,胎体位于钢体上,钢体上设有内水槽、水口、外水槽;胎体的配方料包括占重量10%‑20%的镍粉,6%‑10%的低熔点金属混合料,其余为碳化钨粉。本发明还包括所述预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头制备方法。本发明的钻头烧结温度低,金刚石材质消耗少,工作时可避免钻头损伤,可提高钻头的钻进速度,钻头使用寿命延长;平均钻进速度可达到3.5米/小时以上,平均钻头寿命达到180米以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钻头及其制造方法,具体涉及一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着孔深的增加,遇到的硬岩地层越来越多,对钻进硬岩所使用的孕镶金刚石钻头的寿命和钻进效率提出了更高的要求,因为钻头质量参差不齐,会直接导致提下钻等铺助工作时间过长,进而影响施工进度和生产成本。
传统的孕镶金刚石钻头采用不同熔点的金属混合料和金刚石在真空高温高压条件下烧结制成,这种方法及其制成的孕镶金刚石钻头主要存在以下不足:对烧结温度、烧结压力、保温时间等参数选择要求严格,胎体与金刚石之间以机械镶嵌力为主,且热压对钻头结构有一定的限制,钻进坚硬致密、“打滑”弱研磨性地层时,孕镶金刚石钻头常因钻头打滑而不进尺,胎体对金刚石把持力低而导致金刚石容易脱落,从而导致金刚石钻头的进尺速度慢、使用寿命短。
另外,现有的热压孕镶金刚石钻头烧结温度高,压力较大,金刚石容易因高温氧化造成强度损失,且只能制造形状简单的金刚石钻头,如附图1中所述的钻头,其胎体1′结构简单,不能完成复杂的工作要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷,提供一种烧结温度低、压力低且能制造形状复杂的低压熔浸孕镶金刚石钻头及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头,包括钢体和胎体,所述胎体位于钢体上,所述钢体上设有内水槽、水口、外水槽,所述胎体的配方料包括占重量10%-20%的镍粉,6%-10%的低熔点金属混合料,其余为碳化钨粉。
一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)胎体预成型:将金刚石与胎体配方料混合均匀、装入石墨模具中预压成型,设计预压力为0.25-0.8Mpa,采用阶梯圆弧压头压制,使之预成型;金刚石与胎体配方料按质量比为:1:12.5-1:13.5。
(2)胎体预成型之后,放入钢体,取一份低熔点金属混合料置于模具外部漏斗处,另取一份低熔点金属混合料于模芯漏斗处,外部漏斗总容量占比:2/3-4/5,模芯漏斗处占比1/5-1/3;
(3)按设定的压力、温度烧结完成。
进一步,所述胎体配方料为:碳化钨60/80目粉 26%、100/150目粉 26%、200以上目粉 25%、镍粉Ni 15%、低熔点金属混合料8%;低熔点金属混合料的配比为:Fe12%-18%、Sn10%-15%、Zn3%-7%、Co10%-16%,其余为铜粉。
进一步,所述金刚石的物理参数:ISD1750 25/30占比40%-50%,ISD1750 40/50占比50%-60%;烧结的工艺参数:烧结温度770-800℃,烧结压力为4-5Mpa。
在烧结过程中,胎体配料中的低熔点金属混合料熔化后,对碳化钨粉料、金刚石提前浸润,充填碳化钨粉料与金刚石之间的间隙,有效地降低了保温时间、烧结温度,提高了钻头质量,降低了生产成本。采用本发明制造的钻头的胎体可以做成阶梯圆弧等复杂形状,可满足适用于各种地层钻探取芯的需要。
本发明方法烧结温度低,减少金刚石材质的消耗,避免钻头的损伤,提高钻头的钻进速度,使钻头寿命延长;可用于制造复杂形状的特殊要求钻头,高胎体钻头;提高石墨模具的使用寿命,降低生产成本,减少废次品;提高钻头质量的稳定性;钻头工作层高度可控,平均钻进速度可达到3.5米/小时以上,平均钻头寿命达到180米以上。
附图说明
图1为现有孕镶金刚石钻头的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1孕镶金刚石钻头的结构示意图;
图3 为本发明实施例1的模具、模芯剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例包括钢体2和胎体1,胎体1位于钢体2上,钢体2上设有内水槽、水口、外水槽;胎体1的配方料5包括占重量10%的镍粉,6%的低熔点金属混合料,其余为碳化钨粉。
一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头的制备方法,制备材料包括钢体2、模具8和模芯3、唇面成型底环4,钢体2位于模具8和模芯3内,制备步骤如下:
(1)胎体预成型:将金刚石与胎体配方料混合均匀、装入石墨模具中预压成型,设计预压力为0.25-0.8Mpa,采用阶梯圆弧压头压制,使之预成型;金刚石与胎体配方料按质量比为:1:12.5;
(2)胎体预成型之后,放入钢体,取一份低熔点金属混合料置于模具外部漏斗处,另取一份低熔点金属混合料于模芯漏斗处,外部漏斗总容量占比:2/3,模芯漏斗处占比1/5;
(3)按设定的压力、温度烧结完成。
胎体1的配方料为:碳化钨60/80目粉 26%、100/150目粉 26%、200以上目粉 25%、镍粉15%、低熔点金属混合料8%;低熔点金属混合料的配比为:Fe 12%、Sn 10%、Zn 3%、Co10%,其余为铜粉。
金刚石的物理参数:ISD1750 25/30占比40%,ISD1750 40/50 占比60%;烧结的工艺参数:烧结温度770-800℃,烧结压力为4-5Mpa。
在烧结过程中,胎体配料中的低熔点金属混合料熔化后,对碳化钨粉料、金刚石提前浸润,充填碳化钨粉料与金刚石之间的间隙,有效地降低了保温时间、烧结温度,提高了钻头质量,降低了生产成本。采用本发明制造的钻头的胎体可以做成阶梯圆弧等复杂形状,可满足适用于各种地层钻探取芯的需要。
使用本发明生产的金刚石钻头在金矿矿区时,一共使用24个金刚石钻头,累计进尺4562米,钻头平均寿命190米,钻进速度平均达到3.65米/小时。
使用本发明生产的金刚石钻头在铜矿工地时,一共使用8个金刚石钻头,累计进尺1460米,钻头平均寿命182.5米,钻进速度平均达到3.52米/小时。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:胎体1的配方料5包括占重量20%的镍粉,10%的低熔点金属混合料,其余为碳化钨粉;外部漏斗总容量占比:4/5,模芯漏斗处占比1/3;金刚石与胎体配方料按质量比为:1:13.5 ;低熔点金属混合料的配比为:Fe 18%、Sn 15%、Zn 7%、Co16%,其余为铜粉;金刚石的物理参数:ISD1750 25/30占比50%,ISD1750 40/50 占比50%。余同实施例1。
本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种修改和变型,倘若这些修改和变型在本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则这些修改和变型也仍在本发明专利的保护范围之内。
说明书中未详细描述的内容为本领域技术人员公知的现有技术。
Claims (4)
1.一种预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头,包括钢体和胎体,所述胎体位于钢体上,所述钢体上设有内水槽、水口、外水槽,其特征在于,所述胎体的配方料包括占重量10%-20%的镍粉,6%-10%的低熔点金属混合料,其余为碳化钨粉。
2.一种如权利要求1所述预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)胎体预成型:将金刚石与胎体配方料混合均匀、装入石墨模具中预压成型,设计预压力为0.25-0.8Mpa,采用阶梯圆弧压头压制,使之预成型;金刚石与胎体配方料按质量比为:1:12.5-1:13.5;
(2)胎体预成型之后,放入钢体,取一份低熔点金属混合料置于模具外部漏斗处,另取一份低熔点金属混合料于模芯漏斗处,外部漏斗总容量占比:2/3-4/5,模芯漏斗处占比1/5-1/3;
(3)按设定的压力、温度烧结完成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述胎体配方料为:碳化钨60/80目粉 26%、100/150目粉 26%、200以上目粉 25%、镍粉15%、低熔点金属混合料8%;低熔点金属混合料的配比为:Fe12%-18%、Sn10%-15%、Zn3%-7%、Co10%-16%,其余为铜粉。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的预成型熔浸式孕镶金刚石钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金刚石的物理参数:ISD1750 25/30占比40%-50%,ISD1750 40/50占比50%-60%;烧结的工艺参数:烧结温度770-800℃,烧结压力为4-5Mpa。
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