CN110173129A - A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node - Google Patents
A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110173129A CN110173129A CN201910549633.0A CN201910549633A CN110173129A CN 110173129 A CN110173129 A CN 110173129A CN 201910549633 A CN201910549633 A CN 201910549633A CN 110173129 A CN110173129 A CN 110173129A
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- connector
- energy
- building structure
- absorption device
- steel plate
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
- E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
- E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B2001/2676—Connector nodes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G2023/0248—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of elements made of wood
Abstract
A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node, including connector II and connector III, II upper end of connector is connect by bolt I with connector I and forms the enclosed construction for being secure around wooden frame, connector III forms the enclosed construction being secure around on pin by the way that bolt II is end to end, connector III is installed on the steel bracket with horizontal steel plate, the upper surface of II lower end of connector connection rectangular steel pipe, viscous friction damper is provided between the upper surface of steel bracket and the lower surface of rectangular steel pipe, metal energy consumption stick is from rectangular steel pipe following table through the horizontal steel plate of viscous friction damper to steel bracket, under geological process, it is produced relative sliding between each layer of viscous friction damper, it drives metal energy consumption stick to generate bending deformation to consume energy jointly, the device has energy dissipation capacity strong, with stronger anti-side rigidity, Simple structure, easy for installation, the advantages that being easily changed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to historic building structure anti-seismic technology fields, in particular to a kind of to be suitable for historic building structure Tenon
The energy-consumption shock-absorption device of node.
Background technique
Historic building structure Tenon node has the characteristics that typical semi-rigid, and beam column can produce centainly at Tenon node
Amount can undertake the moment of flexure generated by upper load at both ends while relative rotation, and Tenon node becomes ancient architecture just because of this
The position for being easiest to destroy in timber structure is built, the damaged detection and previous test result to existing historic building structure are passed through
Analysis all demonstrate its positive certainty, therefore it is pass urgently to be resolved at present that the reinforcing of historic building structure Tenon node, which is repaired,
Key problem.Lot of domestic and international scholar also did in-depth study to this, traditional Tenon joint reinforcing method mainly include the following types:
The methods of metal energy consumption original part, log replacement, bar planting, new material reinforcing are added, wherein especially to add energy consumption original part energy consumption property
Can be most prominent, it is most widely used.But this method occupied space is bigger, often has the characteristics that disposable.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be suitable for historic building structure
The energy-consumption shock-absorption device of Tenon node, the device can effectively absorb the energy of Seismic input structure, undertake Tenon node
Load is maintained in lesser range, and the destruction of Tenon node is transformed on the energy-consuming device, to repair replacement consumption after shaking
It can original part.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node, which is characterized in that including connector II 4
With connector III 6, II 4 upper end of connector is connect by bolt I 10 with connector I 3 and forms the closing knot for being secure around wooden frame 1
Structure, connector III 6 form the enclosed construction being secure around on pin 2 by the way that bolt II 11 is end to end, and connector III 6 is installed
In on the steel bracket 5 with horizontal steel plate, II 4 lower end of connector connects the upper surface of rectangular steel pipe 7, in the upper surface of steel bracket 5
Viscous friction damper 8 is provided between the lower surface of rectangular steel pipe 7, metal energy consumption stick 9 is from 7 following table of rectangular steel pipe through viscous
Stagnant frcition damper 8 to steel bracket 5 horizontal steel plate.
The connector I 3 and connector II 4 are in rectangle and consistent with the sectional dimension of wooden frame 1, in connector I 3 and connection
It is reserved on the otic placode of II 4 connecting pin of part and the consistent bolt hole of I 10 sectional dimension of bolt.
The connector III 6 is annular in shape, and consistent with 2 size of pin, be reserved on the otic placode of III 6 end of connector with
The consistent bolt hole of II 11 sectional dimension of bolt.
The steel bracket 5 includes vertical steel plate, and the horizontal steel plate is connected to the lateral surface of curved plate, rectangular shape,
Horizontal steel plate is reserved with 4 bolts hole, and the lower comer of horizontal steel plate is welded with ribbed stiffener 51, ribbed stiffener 51 and vertical steel plate
Have between lateral surface with the consistent gap passed through for connector III 6 of III 6 sectional dimension of connector, connector III 6 is from the gap
After going through, the lateral surface of vertical steel plate is bonded with a part of medial surface of connector III 6.
The vertical steel plate is curved plate, is equal with 2 radius of pin arc-shaped with the face that pin 2 is bonded.
The viscous friction damper 8 is bonded in the upper surface of steel bracket 5 and the following table of rectangular steel pipe 7 using super glue
Between face.
The rectangular steel pipe 7 reserves certain gap between 2 end of pin and pin 2.
By adjusting the thickness of viscous friction damper 8 come the damping size of control node, by adjusting metal energy consumption stick 9
Tightness applies different pretightning forces, reaches the energy consumption requirement for meeting different anti-seismic grade.
It is described when buckling takes place in metal energy consumption stick 9, guarantee that load that Vierendeel girder undertakes is not greater than its limit and holds
Carry the 65% of power.
The present invention can be provided with and symmetrical structure identical below connector II 4, i.e. steel in the top of connector I 3
The top and connector of bracket 5, connector III 6, rectangular steel pipe 7, viscous friction damper 8, metal energy consumption stick 9 in connector I 3
II 4 lower sections are respectively arranged a set of.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, when geological process power is smaller, which can provide certain anti-side rigidity, prevent structure from sidesway occurs;Work as earthquake
When power is larger, relative storey displacement occurs for viscous damper, so that metal energy consumption bar be driven to occur bending and deformation altogether, realizes mixing consumption
Energy.
2, viscous damper can provide certain restoring force after geological process, be that structure is restored to initial position, eliminate
The residual deformation of structure.
3, the plant bulk is often smaller and is installed on the corner in frame plane, and occupied space is smaller, when necessary may be used
To do some ornaments at device position, in order to avoid influence the use function of structure.
4, the device has invertibity, and under geological process, Tenon node will not generate excessive deformation, destroys general occur
On metal energy consumption stick or on viscoelastic damper, the element of worse destruction is only needed after shake, structure can be reused.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the southeast axonometric drawing of steel bracket in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the northwest axonometric drawing of steel bracket in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is 1 counter structure schematic diagram of example of the invention.
Fig. 5 is 2 counter structure schematic diagram of example of the invention.
Figure label: 1, wooden frame;2, pin;3, connector I;4, connector II;5, steel bracket;51, ribbed stiffener;6, it connects
Part III;7, rectangular steel pipe;8, viscous friction damper;9, metal energy consumption stick;10, bolt I is connected;11, bolt II is connected.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, the present invention includes: connector I 3, connector II 4, steel bracket 5, connector III
6, ribbed stiffener 51, rectangular steel pipe 7, viscous friction damper 8, metal energy consumption stick 9 etc..
Connector II 4 is the rectangle frame of upper opening, and connector I 3 is the rectangle frame of under shed, and the two opening has ear
Plate, prepared screw-bolt hole on otic placode, connector II 4 are placed through the rectangular steel pipe 7 on the downside of wooden frame, pass through bolt I with connector I 3
10 connections form enclosing square frame, and the inner section size of the enclosing square frame is consistent with the sectional dimension of wooden frame 1, and wooden frame 1 is located at
In the enclosing square frame, realizes and fix.Wherein rectangular steel pipe 7 reserves certain gap between 2 end of pin and pin 2.
Connector III 6 is annular shape, and consistent with 2 size of pin, there is the otic placode of prepared screw-bolt hole in III 6 end of connector, is led to
Cross the closed-loop that the end to end formation of bolt II 11 is secure around on pin 2.
Connector III 6 is installed on steel bracket 5, and steel bracket 5 has horizontal steel plate, and II 4 lower end of connector connects rectangle steel
The upper surface of pipe 7, viscous friction damper 8 are bonded in the upper surface of steel bracket 5 and the following table of rectangular steel pipe 7 using super glue
Between face, horizontal steel plate is reserved with 4 bolts hole, and four metals energy consumption sticks 9 are damped from 7 following table of rectangular steel pipe through viscous friction
Device 8 to steel bracket 5 horizontal steel plate.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 5, the present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that, wooden frame up and down two sides be respectively mounted
There is the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of the present invention;The connection method of device and structure is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
It further include vertical steel plate in steel bracket 5, horizontal steel plate is connected to curved plate as the preferred of embodiment 1
The rectangular shape of lateral surface, the lower comer of horizontal steel plate are welded with ribbed stiffener 51, the lateral surface of ribbed stiffener 51 and vertical steel plate it
Between have with the consistent gap passed through for connector III 6 of III 6 sectional dimension of connector, after connector III 6 is gone through from the gap,
The vertical lateral surface of steel plate is bonded with a part of medial surface of connector III 6.
In the case where connector III 6 is circular, vertical steel plate is curved plate, and the face being bonded with pin 2 is and wood
Equal arc-shaped of 2 radius of column.
It, can be big come the damping of control node by adjusting the thickness of viscous friction damper 8 when the present invention is applied to practical
It is small, apply different pretightning forces by adjusting metal 9 tightness of stick that consumes energy, reaches and meet the energy consumption of different anti-seismic grade and want
It asks.Under geological process, when Tenon node pulls out tenon destruction, relative displacement occurs for wooden frame 1 and pin 2, and band employs connector III
The steel bracket 5 that is fixed on pin 2 and occurred with the rectangular steel pipe 7 that connector I 3, connector II 4 are fixed on wooden frame relatively wrong
It is dynamic, with being generated between each viscous rubber of layer in the opposite changing of the relative positions viscous friction damper 8 between steel bracket 5 and rectangular steel pipe 7
Opposite sliding drives metal energy consumption stick 9 to generate shear-deformable common energy consumption;When Tenon node, which rotates, to be destroyed, 1 He of wooden frame
Generate corner between pin 2, band employs the steel bracket 5 that connector III is fixed on pin 2 and with connector I 3, connector II 4
Relative deformation occurs for the rectangular steel pipe 7 for being fixed on wooden frame, rubs as the relative rotation between steel bracket 5 and rectangular steel pipe 7 is viscous
It wipes and generates extrusion deformation in damper 8 between each viscous rubber of layer, drive metal energy consumption stick 9 to generate bending deformation and consume energy jointly;
When Tenon node pulls out tenon simultaneously to be destroyed and rotate destruction, relative deformation occurs between steel bracket 5 and rectangular steel pipe 7, glues
Each viscous rubber of layer occurs to be squeezed and deformed simultaneously in stagnant frcition damper 8 and Relative sliding, drive metal energy consumption stick 9 are sheared
Bending deformation is consumed energy jointly.It is required that the load for guaranteeing that Vierendeel girder undertakes is not greater than it when buckling takes place in metal energy consumption stick 9
The 80% of ultimate bearing capacity.The device is strong with energy dissipation capacity, has stronger anti-side rigidity, is simple structure, easy for installation, easy
In replacement the advantages that.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node, which is characterized in that including connector II (4)
With connector III (6), connector II (4) upper end connect formation by bolt I (10) with connector I (3) and is secure around wooden frame
(1) enclosed construction, connector III (6) form the closing being secure around on pin (2) by the way that bolt II (11) is end to end
Structure, connector III (6) are installed on the steel bracket with horizontal steel plate (5), and connector II (4) lower end connects rectangular steel pipe (7)
Upper surface, be provided with viscous friction damper (8) between the upper surface of steel bracket (5) and the lower surface of rectangular steel pipe (7),
Metal energy consumption stick (9) is from rectangular steel pipe (7) following table through the horizontal steel plate of viscous friction damper (8) to steel bracket (5).
2. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Connector I (3) and connector II (4) are stated in rectangle and consistent with the sectional dimension of wooden frame (1), in connector I (3) and connector
It is reserved on the otic placode of II (4) connecting pin and the consistent bolt hole of bolt I (10) sectional dimension.
3. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It is annular in shape to state connector III (6), and consistent with pin (2) size, is reserved on the otic placode of connector III (6) end and bolt
The II consistent bolt hole of (11) sectional dimension.
4. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating steel bracket (5) includes vertical steel plate, and the horizontal steel plate is connected to the lateral surface of curved plate, rectangular shape, horizontal steel plate
4 bolts hole are reserved with, the lower comer of horizontal steel plate is welded with ribbed stiffener (51), the outside of ribbed stiffener (51) and vertical steel plate
Have between face with the consistent gap passed through for connector III (6) of connector III (6) sectional dimension, connector III (6) is from the seam
After gap is gone through, the lateral surface of vertical steel plate is bonded with a part of medial surface of connector III (6).
5. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 4, which is characterized in that institute
Stating vertical steel plate is curved plate, and the face with pin (2) fitting is equal with pin (2) radius arc-shaped.
6. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State viscous friction damper (8) using super glue be bonded in steel bracket (5) upper surface and rectangular steel pipe (7) lower surface it
Between.
7. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states rectangular steel pipe (7) and reserves certain gap between pin (2) end and pin (2).
8. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that logical
The thickness for overregulating viscous friction damper (8) carrys out the damping size of control node, by adjusting metal energy consumption stick (9) elastic journey
Degree applies different pretightning forces, reaches the energy consumption requirement for meeting different anti-seismic grade.
9. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states when buckling takes place in metal energy consumption stick (9), the load for guaranteeing that Vierendeel girder undertakes is not greater than its ultimate bearing capacity
65%.
10. being suitable for the energy-consumption shock-absorption device of historic building structure Tenon node according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is provided with above connector I (3) and symmetrical structure identical below connector II (4).
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201910549633.0A CN110173129A (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2019-06-24 | A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node |
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CN201910549633.0A CN110173129A (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2019-06-24 | A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node |
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CN201910549633.0A Pending CN110173129A (en) | 2019-06-24 | 2019-06-24 | A kind of energy-consumption shock-absorption device suitable for historic building structure Tenon node |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112627377A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Vibration and shock double-control structure for timber structure ancient building along subway line and design method |
CN113073740A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 湖北工业大学 | Civil engineering damping device |
IT202100022364A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-02-26 | Gionata Rizzi | DEVICE FOR CONSOLIDATION AND BUILDING RESTORATION WORK |
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JP2006083676A (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Raito Kenchiku Jimusho:Kk | Aseismatic reinforcing method of wooden framework structure |
JP2013007236A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Act-Factory Co Ltd | Vibration control damper for wooden building |
CN107190877A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of structures with semi-rigid joints friction energy dissipation device |
CN206769442U (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-12-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of spacing bracing means of timber buildings Tenon node |
CN210421987U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-04-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Energy dissipation and shock absorption device suitable for ancient building timber structure tenon fourth of twelve earthly branches node |
-
2019
- 2019-06-24 CN CN201910549633.0A patent/CN110173129A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006083676A (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-30 | Raito Kenchiku Jimusho:Kk | Aseismatic reinforcing method of wooden framework structure |
JP2013007236A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Act-Factory Co Ltd | Vibration control damper for wooden building |
CN206769442U (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-12-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of spacing bracing means of timber buildings Tenon node |
CN107190877A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-09-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of structures with semi-rigid joints friction energy dissipation device |
CN210421987U (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-04-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Energy dissipation and shock absorption device suitable for ancient building timber structure tenon fourth of twelve earthly branches node |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112627377A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Vibration and shock double-control structure for timber structure ancient building along subway line and design method |
CN113073740A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-06 | 湖北工业大学 | Civil engineering damping device |
CN113073740B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-05-27 | 湖北工业大学 | Civil engineering damping device |
IT202100022364A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-02-26 | Gionata Rizzi | DEVICE FOR CONSOLIDATION AND BUILDING RESTORATION WORK |
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