CN110170738B - Method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding - Google Patents
Method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110170738B CN110170738B CN201910486417.6A CN201910486417A CN110170738B CN 110170738 B CN110170738 B CN 110170738B CN 201910486417 A CN201910486417 A CN 201910486417A CN 110170738 B CN110170738 B CN 110170738B
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- welding
- friction stir
- spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding, which comprises the steps of overlapping an upper plate and a lower plate for friction stir spot welding, increasing the penetration depth of welding, adjusting welding parameters to intentionally cause the defect of unwelded connection of welding spots, and peeling off the upper plate after welding to ensure that the whole welding spots are left on the lower plate, thereby realizing the additive manufacturing of the lower plate. The method is suitable for all materials which can be welded by backfill type friction stir spot welding; the additive height depends on the thickness of the upper plate and the welding depth of spot welding, and secondary or even multiple spot welding can be carried out on the surface of a welding spot until the desired height if the additive height needs to be increased; the additive size can be adjusted by changing the size of a stirring tool (stirring head) of the backfill type friction stir spot welding. The invention converts the defects of the original spot welding into the additive, changes waste into valuable, and has important significance for manufacturing the lightweight alloy additive suitable for friction stir spot welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction stir spot welding and additive manufacturing technology, in particular to a method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding.
Background
Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) is a derivative of friction stir welding and operates on essentially the same principle as friction stir welding, except that there is no continuous feed process of the stirring tool due to the spot welding. In the conventional friction stir spot welding, part of the welding head is forcibly extruded out of a welding area by welding materials at the insertion stage, and the welding area is not filled with the materials in the extraction process of the welding head after the welding is finished, so that a process keyhole similar to the shape of a stirring pin is remained after the welding.
In order to overcome the defect of residual process holes in a welding spot area, 1999 GKSS (Riftec) company of Germany introduced a backfill type friction stir spot welding scheme and device, which is technically characterized in that a split type stirring head with a flat end surface (a stirring pin is cylindrical) is adopted, and a pressing sleeve mainly used for preventing materials in a welding area from overflowing is additionally arranged. The pressing sleeve, the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin form a welding tool for backfill type friction stir spot welding together.
In recent years, additive manufacturing is an international popular research direction, and many research institutes try to increase external fillers on the surface of a material to realize additive of a matrix by various methods, including a friction stir welding method to realize additive on the surface of some aluminum alloy materials, but the technology is still in the starting stage at present, and no relevant published data exists at present in the idea of realizing additive by backfill type friction stir spot welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a method for realizing additive manufacturing by backfill type friction stir spot welding, which comprises the following steps:
A. polishing the base plate and the filler plate, and then marking the position needing material increase clearly on the surface of the base plate;
B. tightly attaching a base plate and a filler plate, clamping the filler plate on backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment at the lower part of an upper base plate, and positioning and clamping by utilizing a self-clamping device of the equipment to ensure that the position of a welding spot is consistent with the position needing material increase;
C. adjusting welding process parameters, increasing the rolling depth and the rolling speed, and intentionally enabling the welding point and the upper plate to have the defect of unwelded connection;
D. and peeling the upper filler plate after welding, and leaving the whole welding spot on the lower base plate.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method for realizing the additive manufacturing by using the backfill type friction stir spot welding is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for implementing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a lower substrate plate, 2, a backfill type friction stir spot welding machine head, 3, and an upper filler plate.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention discloses a method for realizing additive manufacturing by backfill type friction stir spot welding, and a preferred embodiment thereof is shown in figure 1:
the method comprises the following steps:
A. polishing the base plate and the filler plate, and then marking the position needing material increase clearly on the surface of the base plate;
B. tightly attaching a base plate and a filler plate, clamping the filler plate on backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment at the lower part of an upper base plate, and positioning and clamping by utilizing a self-clamping device of the equipment to ensure that the position of a welding spot is consistent with the position needing material increase;
C. adjusting welding process parameters, increasing the rolling depth and the rolling speed, and intentionally enabling the welding point and the upper plate to have the defect of unwelded connection;
D. and peeling the upper filler plate after welding, and leaving the whole welding spot on the lower base plate.
In the step C, the specific parameter setting is determined according to different material combinations.
And if the additive height needs to be increased, replacing the friction stir spot welding tool with a smaller diameter to repeat the steps at the position of the existing welding point.
The invention discloses a method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding, which is characterized in that an upper plate and a lower plate are overlapped to carry out friction stir spot welding, the penetration depth of welding is increased, welding parameters are adjusted to intentionally cause the defect that a welding spot is not welded and connected, and the upper plate is peeled off after welding to cause the whole welding spot to be left on the lower plate, so that the additive manufacturing of the lower plate is realized. The invention is suitable for all materials which can be welded by backfill type friction stir spot welding; the additive height depends on the thickness of the upper plate and the welding depth of spot welding, and secondary or even multiple spot welding can be carried out on the surface of a welding spot until the desired height if the additive height needs to be increased; the additive size can be adjusted by changing the size of a stirring tool (stirring head) of the backfill type friction stir spot welding. The invention converts the defects of the original spot welding into the additive, changes waste into valuable, and has important significance for manufacturing the lightweight alloy additive suitable for friction stir spot welding.
The invention uses backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment to carry out lap spot welding on the plates, removes the upper plate after welding, and completely leaves the welding spot on the lower plate so as to realize the additive manufacturing of the lower plate. The lower plate is used as a base material of the additive, and the upper plate is used as a filler.
The application range of the invention is the same as that of backfill type friction stir spot welding, the upper and lower overlapped plates can be made of the same material or different materials, and the materials can be independently combined according to the material increase requirement.
In order to ensure that welding spots smoothly fall off from an upper plate and remain on a lower plate, welding parameters of backfill type friction stir spot welding are adjusted, taking a 6xxx series aluminum alloy plate which is most commonly used as an example, the welding parameters mainly comprise: the rotating speed of the stirring pin, the downward piercing depth, the downward piercing speed, the backfill speed and the like are properly increased on the basis of the original parameters which are favorable for welding, the downward piercing speed is increased, and the welding point and the upper plate can be more favorably separated.
The additive is cylindrical, the one-time forming height of the additive depends on the thickness of an upper plate which is the most filler and the welding thickness of backfill type friction stir spot welding, if the height needs to be increased, the process of applying the additive can be used for multiple spot welding at the same position, the diameter of a used stirring tool is gradually reduced, and the additive diameter of the new welding is smaller than the additive diameter of the previous welding.
The method realizes additive manufacturing, firstly, the determined base material and the filler are utilized, the filler is tightly attached and clamped on backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment at the lower part of an upper base body for spot welding, an upper plate is peeled off after welding, and the whole welding spot is left on the lower plate to finish additive manufacturing. The following technical scheme is adopted specifically:
(1) and (3) polishing the substrate and the filler plate, and then marking the position needing material increase clearly on the surface of the substrate.
(2) The matrix is tightly attached to the filler plate, the filler plate is clamped on the backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment at the lower part of the upper matrix plate, and the self-clamping device is used for positioning and clamping to ensure that the position of a welding spot is consistent with the position needing material increase.
(3) The welding process parameters are adjusted, the rolling depth and the rolling speed are increased, the defect that the welding point and the upper plate are not welded together is intentionally caused, and the specific parameter setting is determined according to different material combinations.
(4) And peeling the upper filler plate after welding, and leaving the whole welding spot on the lower base plate. If the material adding height needs to be increased, the friction stir spot welding tool with the smaller diameter can be replaced to repeat the above steps at the position of the existing welding point.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the application cost is low, the operation is simple, the additive manufacturing can be completed by utilizing the existing backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment, and the new equipment does not need to be replaced only by adjusting the process parameters;
(2) the method has wide application range, can be used for materials suitable for backfill type friction stir spot welding, particularly for light alloys taking aluminum alloy as a main material, and is a main research object in the field of material increase manufacturing at present;
(3) the invention utilizes the defect to realize additive manufacturing, provides a new idea for the field, saves materials more, and is worthy of energy conservation and emission reduction.
The traditional backfill type friction stir spot welding aims at welding an upper plate and a lower plate together, so that technological parameters can be adjusted to avoid the defects of 'welding through', non-welded connection and the like as much as possible, and the defects of the non-welded connection between a welding point and the upper plate are intentionally caused to make the welded welding point fall off from the upper plate and stay on the lower plate as much as possible.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. polishing the base plate and the filler plate, and then marking the position needing material increase clearly on the surface of the base plate;
B. tightly attaching a base plate and a filler plate, clamping the filler plate on backfill type friction stir spot welding equipment at the upper part and the lower part of the base plate, and positioning and clamping by using a self-clamping device of the equipment to ensure that the position of a welding spot is consistent with the position needing material increase;
C. adjusting welding process parameters, increasing the rolling depth and the rolling speed, and intentionally enabling the welding point and the upper plate to have the defect of unwelded connection;
D. peeling off the filler plate after welding, and leaving the whole welding spot on the base plate;
in the step C, specific parameter settings are determined according to different material combinations;
and if the additive height needs to be increased, replacing the friction stir spot welding tool with a smaller diameter to repeat the steps at the position of the existing welding point.
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| CN201910486417.6A CN110170738B (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding |
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| CN201910486417.6A CN110170738B (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2019-06-05 | Method for realizing additive manufacturing by using backfill type friction stir spot welding |
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| CN110170738A CN110170738A (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| CN110170738B true CN110170738B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9511445B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing |
| CN105522273A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-27 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Secondary back-filling type friction stir spot welding method |
| EP3061558B1 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2018-04-04 | Airbus Group SAS | Method of friction stir welding for repairing a welding defect |
| CN106862749B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-02-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of backfill formula friction stir spot welding method |
| CN108274110B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-12-10 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Variable-rotating-speed backfill type friction stir spot welding method |
| CN109175669A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-11 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | A kind of friction spot welding increasing material manufacturing method |
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