CN110167910A - 苄基苯胺基苯基苯酚配体的合成 - Google Patents

苄基苯胺基苯基苯酚配体的合成 Download PDF

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CN110167910A
CN110167910A CN201880005274.6A CN201880005274A CN110167910A CN 110167910 A CN110167910 A CN 110167910A CN 201880005274 A CN201880005274 A CN 201880005274A CN 110167910 A CN110167910 A CN 110167910A
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C·A·法勒尔
C·J·哈伦
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Univation Technologies LLC
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Abstract

公开用于制备配体和金属‑配体络合物的合成方法。

Description

苄基苯胺基苯基苯酚配体的合成
本发明涉及提供烯烃聚合能力的配体、络合物和/或催化剂。
背景技术
配体-金属配位络合物(例如有机金属络合物)适用作催化剂、添加剂、化学计量试剂、单体、固态前体、治疗试剂和药物。这种类型的络合物通常通过在合适的温度下在合适的溶剂中将配体与合适的金属化合物或金属前体组合来加以制备。配体含有以下官能团,其结合于金属中心,保持与金属中心缔合,并且因此提供改变络合物活性金属中心的空间、电子和化学特性的机会。
某些配体-金属络合物是反应的催化剂,所述反应如氧化、还原、氢化、氢化硅烷化、氢氰化、氢甲酰化、聚合、羰基化、异构化、复分解、碳-氢活化、碳-卤素活化、交叉偶联、傅里德-克拉夫茨酰化和烷基化(Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation)、水合、二聚、三聚、低聚、狄尔斯-阿尔德反应(Diels-Alder reaction)以及其它转化。在聚合催化领域中,与单位点催化相关,配体通常提供改变活性金属中心周围电子和/或空间环境的机会。这允许配体有助于产生可能不同的聚合物。一般已知基于第4族茂金属的单位点催化剂用于聚合反应。
茂金属催化剂的一个应用是生产全同立构聚丙烯。全同立构聚丙烯和其生产已得到充分研究。参见例如US 2004/0005984A1。
鉴于这一领域的行业重要性,期望具有另外的用于制备配体的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明包括一种方法,其包含使2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺与2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂在反应条件下在极性非质子反应介质中接触,由此形成2-(((2'-羟基-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯]-2-基)(甲基)氨基)甲基)-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯)-2'-醇。
本发明方法的配体适用于制备用于烯烃聚合的催化剂。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,术语“一个/种(a/an)”、“所述”、“至少一个/种”和“一个/种或多个/种”可互换使用。术语“包含”和“包括”以及其变化形式在这些术语出现在说明书和权利要求中时不具有限制意义。因此,举例来说,包括“一种”材料的组合物可以解释为意味着所述组合物包括“一种或多种”材料。
“络合物(complex)”意味着通过使能够独立存在的一种或多种富电子分子或原子与各自也能够独立存在的一种或多种缺电子分子或原子联合所形成的配位化合物。
对“元素周期表”和所述表内各种族的所有参考是参考如《CRC化学和物理手册(CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics)》,第71版(1990-1991),CRC出版社(CRCPress),第1-10页中所公开的表。
术语“反应介质”包括但不限于至少一种反应物在其中至少部分地可溶的液体。因此,对于给定的反应,有可能所有反应物都溶解在反应介质中,但也有可能反应物在反应介质中形成悬浮液。其它组合也是可能的。
除非相反地陈述、由上下文暗示或在本领域中惯用,否则所有份数和百分比都按重量计,并且所有测试方法都是截至本公开的申请日的现行方法。
本发明包括用于制备配体和配体-金属络合物的方法。举例来说,本发明的一种方法包含以下步骤:
其中THP"和“THP”是指四氢吡喃基,Bn是苄基,MeI是甲基碘,tBu是指叔丁基,并且PTSA是对甲苯磺酸。
以下对上文所示反应方案的第一步骤所进行的方法描述是执行本发明反应的一种方式,但本领域的技术人员将容易地知道如何在替代性实施方案中使用其它反应条件(例如不同温度)、溶剂(例如不同溶剂)和试剂来进行所述反应。举例来说,在本发明的一个实施方案中,2-溴苯胺在反应介质中与苄基溴反应以形成2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺。反应可以在50℃至150℃,优选地75℃至125℃的温度下进行。在本发明的一个实施方案中,在上文所示反应方案的第一步骤中,将2-溴苯胺、2-溴苄基溴、碳酸钾和碘化四丁基铵在非极性反应介质(如甲苯)中组合,并且将混合物在50℃至150℃的温度下加热,以使反应进行以形成产物2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺。
以下对上文所示反应方案的第二步骤所进行的方法描述是执行本发明反应的一种方式,但本领域的技术人员将容易地知道如何在替代性实施方案中使用其它反应条件(例如不同温度)、溶剂(例如不同溶剂)和试剂来进行所述反应。举例来说,在本发明的一个实施方案中,使2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺与氢化钠和碘甲烷在反应介质中接触以形成2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺。反应可以在-50℃至70℃的温度下进行。在本发明的一个实施方案中,在上文所示反应方案的第二步骤中,将第一步骤的产物溶解在极性非质子溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF))中,并且冷却到-50℃至0℃的温度。然后分批加入氢化钠,并且使溶液升温至1℃至70℃的温度,优选地环境温度,然后加入甲基碘,并且搅拌反应物,同时使反应进行以形成产物2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺。
以下对上文所示反应方案的第三步骤所进行的方法描述是执行本发明反应的一种方式,但本领域的技术人员将容易地知道如何在替代性实施方案中使用其它反应条件(例如不同温度)、溶剂(例如不同溶剂)和试剂来进行所述反应。举例来说,在本发明的一个实施方案中,使2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺与2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂和金属氯化物和金属烷基膦在反应介质中接触,以形成配体产物2-(((2'-羟基-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯]-2-基)(甲基)氨基)甲基)-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯)-2'-醇。反应可以在50℃至150℃,优选地60℃至100℃的温度下进行。在本发明的一个实施方案中,在上文所示反应方案的第三步骤中,将2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂溶解在极性非质子溶剂(如四氢呋喃(THF))中。加入氯化锌,并且使所得混合物搅拌,然后加入第二步骤的产物,接着加入双(三叔丁基膦)钯。将所得棕色溶液在50℃至150℃,例如75℃的温度下加热,以使反应进行并且形成配体产物2-(((2'-羟基-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯]-2-基)(甲基)氨基)甲基)-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯)-2'-醇。然后使反应混合物淬灭。
如果需要,可以在后续步骤中形成配体金属络合物。
在一些实施方案中,催化剂是包含配体和金属前体的组合物,并且任选地可以另外包括活化剂、活化剂的组合或活化剂包。在其它实施方案中,催化剂是金属-配体络合物,并且任选地可以另外包括活化剂,活化剂的组合或活化剂包。
适用于本文催化剂中的配体具有几种通用的替代性描述。在一个实施方案中,配体是可以占据金属原子的多达四个配位位点的双阴离子螯合配体。配体也可以描述为在与金属原子螯合时形成至少一个或两个金属环(将金属原子统计为环的一个成员)的双阴离子配体。此外,在一些实施方案中,配体可以描述为使用氧或硫作为与金属原子结合的原子的双阴离子螯合配体。在再其它实施方案中,配体可以描述为可以与金属原子以近似C2对称络合物形式配位的非金属茂配体。这些实施方案可以一起使用或分开单独使用。
需要存在至少2个与每个配体相关的氢原子,其能够在与金属原子或金属前体或碱的络合反应中得到除去。在一些实施方案中,在这类络合反应之前,碱可以与配体反应以形成盐,然后其产物可以与金属前体ML反应,其中M是选自由元素周期表第3-6族和镧系元素组成的群组,优选地选自第4族(Hf、Zr和Ti)的金属;并且L独立地选自由卤离子(F、Cl、Br、I)组成的群组。
本发明范围内的配体可以根据上文所示通用方案来加以制备,其中首先制备构建块,然后将其偶联在一起,其条件是类似的方案可以用于制备除本文所示配体以外的配体。
一般来说,制备构建块,然后将其与桥连基团键联在一起。可以在构建块的合成中引入芳环取代基的变化形式。可以在桥连基团的合成下引入桥的变化形式。
一旦形成所需的配体,它可以与金属原子、离子、化合物或其它金属前体化合物(例如ML)组合,其中M和L如上文所定义。在一些应用中,如果形成产物,那么本发明的配体将与金属化合物或前体组合,并且这类组合的产物无法得到确定。举例来说,配体可以与金属或金属前体化合物以及反应物、活化剂、清除剂等同时加入反应容器中。另外,配体可以在加入金属前体之前或之后经过修饰,例如通过脱质子化反应或一些其它修饰来进行。
活化剂和其用途是本领域的技术人员熟知的。广义地说,活化剂可以包含铝氧烷、路易斯酸、布朗斯特酸、相容的非干扰性活化剂和前述的组合。已经教导这些类型的活化剂与以下参考文献中的不同组合物或金属络合物一起使用,所述参考文献以全文引用的方式并入本文中:美国专利5,599,761、5,616,664、5,453,410、5,153,157和5,064,802。确切地说,离子或离子形成性活化剂是优选的。
配体、络合物或催化剂可以负载在有机或无机载体上。合适的载体包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、粘土、沸石、氯化镁和聚合物载体,如聚苯乙烯、被取代的聚苯乙烯等。聚合物载体可以是交联的或不是交联的。另外,本发明的催化剂可以在单个反应器中与其它催化剂组合和/或在一系列反应器(平行或连续)中使用,以便形成聚合物产物的掺合物。
配体、络合物和/或催化剂在使α-烯烃(如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯)聚合,使乙烯与α-烯烃(如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯)共聚合以及使乙烯与1,1-二取代的烯烃(如异丁烯)共聚合方面特别有效。这些组合物还可以使具有极性官能团的单体在均聚或共聚中聚合和/或使1,1-和1,2-二取代的烯烃均聚。此外,可以使二烯烃与乙烯和/或α-烯烃或1,1-和1,2-二取代的烯烃的组合共聚。用于使这些单体聚合的方法是本领域的技术人员熟知的。可以制备本发明的配体、金属-配体络合物和组合物,并且以组合方式测试其在一个或多个上述反应中的催化活性。组合化学一般涉及化合物和物质组合物的平行或快速连续合成和/或筛选或表征。进行组合化学的方法是本领域的技术人员熟知的。
本发明的具体实施方案
总则:除非另外指出,否则所有试剂都购自商业供应商处并按原样使用。溶剂用N2鼓泡并且用分子筛干燥。分析型薄层色谱(TLC)是在预涂有荧光指示剂的SelectoPlates(200μm)上执行。可视化使用紫外光(254nm)来实现。快速柱色谱是用西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma Aldrich)硅胶(70-230目),使用指定溶剂系统来进行。NMR谱记录于Bruker 400或500NMR上并且化学位移参考残余溶剂峰。
实施例1-制备2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺(509-23)
将2-溴苯胺(5.0g,29mmol)、2-溴苄基溴(7.2g,29mmol)、碳酸钾(8.0g,58mmol)和碘化四丁基铵(TBAI)(约100mg)在50mL甲苯中组合,并且在100℃下加热过夜。然后使混合物冷却,过滤并浓缩,得到呈浅黄色油状的产物,其静置后固化:Rf=0.67(10:90丙酮:己烷);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCI3,):4.50(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.94(br s,1H),6.60(m,2H),7.16(m,2H),7.28(m,1H),7.36(m,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.61(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCI3,):46.3,110.0,111.9,118.4,123.4,127.8,128.7,128.9,129.0,132.7,133.1,137.7,144.6.。
实施例2-制备2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺(509·33)
将实施例1的苄基苯胺509-23(4.0g,11.7mmol)溶解在30mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,并且冷却到-35℃。分批加入氢化钠(442mg,23.4mmol),并且使溶液历经30分钟升温至环境温度。然后加入碘甲烷(1.45mL,23.4mmol),并且将反应物搅拌过夜,然后用饱和氯化铵淬灭。用乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,合并的有机层用水洗涤两次,用盐水洗涤两次。然后将其干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并且在减压下浓缩。通过硅胶色谱使用20%丙酮/异己烷作为洗脱剂来纯化所得油状物。以88%产率由苯胺获得呈黄色固体状的产物:Rf=0.51(20:80丙酮:己烷);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCI3,):2.76(s,3H),4.30(s,2H),6.91(m,1H),7.14(m,2H),7.29(m,2H),7.59(m,2H),7.75(d,J=7.65Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCI3,):41.2,60.0,120.2,122.3,123.9,124.5,127.6,128.3,128.6,130.3,132.7,134.2,137.6,151.3。
实施例3-制备2-(((2'-羟基-[1,1':3',,1"-联三苯]-2-基)(甲基)氨基)甲基)-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯)-2'-醇(209-44)
将2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂(3.3g,10.0mmol)溶解在30mL THF中。加入氯化锌(1.3g,10.0mmol),并且使所得混合物搅拌大约5分钟,然后加入实施例2的二溴化合物509-33(1.7g,5.0mmol),然后加入双(三叔丁基膦)钯(75mg,0.14mmol)。将所得棕色溶液在75℃下加热1.5小时。用饱和氯化铵使反应淬灭,并且用3份乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并且在减压下浓缩。将所得油状物溶解在具有大约100mg对甲苯磺酸的40mL甲醇/THF中,并且搅拌过夜。在浓缩后,将粗产物加载到硅胶柱上,用20%丙酮/异己烷洗脱,得到呈白色固体状的产物:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCI3,):2.4(s,3H),3.70(d,J=14Hz,1H),3.86(d,J=14Hz,1H),4.82(s,1H),6.89(m,4H),7.16(m,11H),7.36(m,7H),7.53(m,2H),10.22(s,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCI3,):38.7,58.1,119.98,120.8,121.0,124.9,127.0-132.0(23C),134.1,134.6,135.2,137.6(2C),148.4,149.5,151.9。

Claims (6)

1.一种方法,其包含使2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺与2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂在反应条件下在极性非质子反应介质中接触,由此形成2-(((2'-羟基-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯]-2-基)(甲基)氨基)甲基)-[1,1':3',1"-联三苯)-2'-醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包含制备所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺的预备步骤,其中所述预备步骤包含使2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺与碘甲烷在反应条件下在反应介质中接触,由此形成所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其进一步包含制备所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺的第二预备步骤,其中所述第二预备步骤包含使2-溴苄基溴与2-溴苯胺在反应条件下在反应介质中接触,由此形成所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述接触进一步包含使所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)-N-甲基苯胺、2-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)-[1,1'-联二苯]-3-基锂和反应介质与氯化锌和双(三叔丁基膦)钯接触。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述预备步骤的所述接触进一步包含使所述2-溴-N-(2-溴苄基)苯胺、碘甲烷和反应介质与氢化钠接触。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第二预备步骤的所述接触进一步包含使所述2-溴苄基溴、2-溴苯胺和反应介质与碳酸钾和碘化四丁基铵接触。
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