CN110167375B - Protective helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

A protective helmet (200) having a plurality of protective zones, comprising: an inner housing (204) having a first inner surface and a first outer surface; a padded inner liner attached to the first inner surface; an outer housing (202) having a second inner surface and a second outer surface, the outer housing functionally attached to the inner housing; an elastomer zone (203) between the first outer surface and the second inner surface; a plurality of energy dissipation devices (215) disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing; and a plurality of sinusoidal springs (208) positioned in the elastomer zone. Each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs includes a first end and a second end connected to one of the plurality of energy dissipating devices.

Description

Protective helmet

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application is in accordance with clauses 4 and 8 of the stockholm act of the paris convention, and with the claims 35 u.s.c. § 111 (a) and 120, entitled to benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application No.15/401,257 filed 2017 on 1, 9, 2015, 14/615,011, 2015, 2,5, 2015, part of U.S. patent application No.14/615,011, 2013, 15, part of U.S. patent application No.13/841,076, 2012, part of U.S. patent application No.13/412,782 filed 3, 6, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to protective helmets and, more particularly, to a protective helmet having an energy storage mechanism that absorbs linear and rotational forces and slowly releases such forces.

Background

The human brain is a very delicate structure that is protected by a series of shells to protect it from damage. The innermost layer (pia) covers the surface of the brain. The arachnoid layer adjacent to the pia mater is a spider web-like membrane that behaves like a water-repellent membrane. Finally, the dura mater (a tough, leather-like layer) covers the arachnoid layer and is attached to the bones of the skull.

While this configuration prevents penetrating trauma, the softer inner layer absorbs only a small amount of energy before the linear force applied to the head is transmitted to the brain. When an object strikes a human head, both the object and the human head move independently and often at different angles, and therefore head injury almost always involves angular forces as well as linear forces. Many surgeons in this field consider that angular or rotational forces applied to the brain are more dangerous than direct linear forces due to torsional or shear forces they exert on the white matter tracts and the brain stem.

One type of brain injury that often occurs is Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), commonly referred to as concussion. Such injuries occur in many locations, such as construction sites, manufacturing sites, and sporting activities, and are particularly problematic in body contact projects. While concussions have been considered as a non-critical and reversible brain injury, it is clear that repetitive concussions, even without loss of consciousness, are serious adverse events that can lead to debilitating irreversible diseases such as dementia and neurodegenerative diseases including parkinson's disease, chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) and dementia pugilistica.

U.S. patent No.5,815,846 (callong) describes a helmet having a fluid-filled chamber that dissipates force by squeezing fluid into an adjacent equalizing bag when an external force is applied. In this case, energy is dissipated only by viscous friction, since the fluid is restrictively transferred from one bag to the other. The energy dissipation in this case is inversely proportional to the size of the aperture between a full bag and an empty bag. That is, the smaller the hole, the greater the energy drop. The problem with this design is that as the size of the hole decreases and the energy dissipation increases, the time to dissipate the energy also increases. Because the fluid-filled chamber reacts hydraulically, the energy transfer is transient in nature. Thus, in the callong design, a large amount of energy is transferred to the brain before the viscous fluid can displace, thereby counteracting much of the protective function provided by the fluid-filled chamber. Viscous friction changes the energy dissipation too slowly to adequately mitigate the oscillating forces. If water is to be removed from the squeeze bottle, the time and force required to displace any fluid as the size of the outlet orifice changes can be appreciated. The smaller the through hole, the greater the force required, and the longer the time required to displace the fluid for any given force.

U.S. Pat. No.3,872,511 (Nichols) describes a helmet having a rigid inner shell and an outer shell with an intermediate region between the two shells. The zone comprises a plurality of fluid-filled bladders that are retained to the inner surface of the outer shell by valves. When an impact occurs, the outer shell is forced into the zone, thereby squeezing the capsule. The valve closes upon impact, thereby retaining air in the bladder to cushion the impact to protect the head of the user. However, since the movement of the bladder is restricted upon impact, the impact force is reduced but still directed toward the head. In addition, the Nichols patent is not concerned with the reduction of rotational forces impacting the helmet.

U.S. patent No.6,658,671 (Holst) describes a helmet having inner and outer shells and a sliding layer. The sliding layer allows the outer shell to be displaced relative to the inner shell to help dissipate some angular forces during a collision applied to the helmet. However, the force dissipation is limited to the outer shell of the helmet. Additionally, the Holst helmet does not provide a mechanism for returning the two shells to a rest position relative to each other. Similar disadvantages exist in the helmets described in U.S. Pat. No.5,956,777 (Popovich) and European patent publication EP 0048442 (Kalman et al).

German patent DE 19544375 (Zhan) describes a construction helmet comprising an aperture in a hard outer shell which allows the cushioning material to expand through the aperture to eliminate some impact forces. However, since the liner is seated against the head of the user, some of the force is directed toward the head rather than away from the head.

U.S. patent application publication No.2012/0198604 (Weber et al) describes a safety helmet for protecting a human head from repetitive impacts as well as moderate and severe impacts to reduce the likelihood of brain damage due to both translational and rotational forces. The helmet includes an isolation damper for separating the outer liner from the inner liner. A gap is provided between the ends of the outer liner and the inner liner to provide space to allow the outer liner to move upon impact without contacting the inner liner.

Obviously, to prevent traumatic brain injury, it is necessary not only to prevent penetration of objects, but also to prevent any force (angular or linear) applied to the exterior of the helmet from being simply transmitted to the enclosed skull and brain. Helmets must not only play a passive role in suppressing such external forces, but must also play a positive role in dissipating the applied linear and angular momentum such that they have little or no detrimental effect on the fragile brain.

To provide maximum protection against linear and angular forces, the outer shell of the helmet that mitigates such forces must be able to move independently of the inner shell of the helmet, which covers and envelopes the skull and brain so that any one or more force vectors can be mitigated before the force enters the brain.

To achieve these objectives in helmet design, the inner part (shell) and the outer part (shell or shells) must be able to move to a considerable extent independently of each other. Furthermore, the momentum applied to the outer shell should be directed away from and/or around the underlying inner shell and brain, and dissipated or stored sufficiently to counteract the detrimental effects.

Accordingly, there is a long felt need for a protective helmet having an energy storage mechanism that absorbs linear and rotational forces and slowly releases such forces.

Disclosure of Invention

According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a protective helmet having a plurality of protective zones, comprising: an inner housing having a first inner surface and a first outer surface; a padded inner liner attached to the first inner surface; an outer housing having a second inner surface and a second outer surface, the outer housing functionally attached to the inner housing; an elastomeric region between the first outer surface and the second inner surface; a plurality of energy dissipation devices disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing; and a plurality of sinusoidal springs positioned in the elastomer zone, each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs comprising: a first end; and a second end connected to one of the plurality of energy consuming devices.

According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a protective helmet having a plurality of protective zones, comprising: an inner housing having a first inner surface and a first outer surface; a padded inner liner attached to the first inner surface; an outer housing having a second inner surface and a second outer surface, the outer housing functionally attached to the inner housing; an elastomeric region between the first outer surface and the second inner surface; a plurality of sinusoidal springs positioned in the elastomer zone, each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs comprising: a first end; and a second end; and a plurality of locking devices disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein each of the plurality of locking devices comprises: a first portion comprising a plurality of first teeth, the first portion connected to the second end; a second portion comprising a second plurality of teeth, the second portion disposed on the first outer surface, wherein the first plurality of teeth are disposed in engagement with the second plurality of teeth; and a release device connected to the first part, the release device being operatively arranged to release the locking device.

According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a protective helmet having a plurality of protective zones, comprising: an inner housing having a first inner surface and a first outer surface; a padded inner liner attached to the first inner surface; an outer housing having a second inner surface and a second outer surface, the outer housing functionally attached to the inner housing; an elastomeric region between the first outer surface and the second inner surface; a plurality of sinusoidal springs positioned in the elastomer zone, each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs comprising: a first end and a second end; and a plurality of piston devices disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein each of the plurality of piston devices comprises: a first member connected to the second end; and a second component.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the disclosure with reference to the drawings and appended claims.

Drawings

Embodiments are disclosed, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a double shell helmet ("helmet");

FIG. 2 is a side view of the helmet of FIG. 1 showing two face guard attachments on one side of the helmet;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the helmet of FIG. 1 showing the elastomeric strand connecting the two shells and the inner shell;

fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view similar to fig. 3 showing an alternative embodiment of the helmet that includes an intermediate shell that encloses a bumper;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3A, showing an alternative embodiment of elastomeric cords, wherein some of the elastomeric cords have a thin portion and a thick portion;

FIG. 4A is an enlarged schematic view of the cord shown in FIG. 3C in a neutral position;

FIG. 4B is an enlarged schematic view of the cord shown in FIG. 3C under compression;

FIG. 4C is an enlarged schematic view of the cord shown in FIG. 3C in a neutral position;

FIG. 4D is an enlarged schematic view of the cord shown in FIG. 3C under tension;

fig. 5A is a top perspective view of a portion of an outer shell of a helmet showing an alternative embodiment that includes a liftable lid that protects a membrane covering an aperture in the outer shell of the helmet;

FIG. 5B is a top perspective view of a portion of the outer shell of the helmet as shown in FIG. 5A, showing the liftable lid protecting the bulging fluid-filled bladder;

FIG. 6A is an exploded view showing attachment of a cord to the inner and outer housings to allow the outer housing to float about the inner housing;

figure 6B is a cross-sectional view of the completed attachment fitting with the elastomeric cords attached to both plugs and extending between the outer shell and the inner shell of the helmet;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a helmet that includes parabolic leaf springs;

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a helmet comprising an elliptical leaf spring;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative embodiment protective helmet illustrated in FIG. 7 showing leaf springs and elastomeric cords;

figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the helmet showing the leaf springs anchored to the outer shell of the helmet;

figure 10A schematically illustrates a parabolic leaf spring when the helmet is in a neutral state prior to being struck by a force;

fig. 10B schematically shows how the parabolic leaf spring temporarily changes its shape when absorbing forces impacting the helmet.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a cushioning region in a helmet wherein the leaf springs are force absorbers/deflectors;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a cushioning zone showing a plurality of elastomeric strands extending between cones of viscoelastic material;

figure 13A is a front view of a hinged helmet divided into at least two parts attached by hinge means such as hinges or pivots;

fig. 13B is a front view of a hinged helmet, the helmet being divided into two portions;

fig. 14A is a front view of an alternative embodiment of an articulated helmet having three articulated segments;

fig. 14B is a front view of the hinged helmet of fig. 14A;

fig. 15 is a side view of a two-section embodiment of a hinged helmet that includes a vent;

FIG. 16 is a side view of a three-section embodiment of an articulating helmet showing two hinges for the articulating device;

fig. 17 is a front view of an additional alternative embodiment of a hinged helmet that includes a cushion or bumper pad attached to the inner surface of the helmet;

fig. 17A is a front view of a user wearing a hinged helmet, showing the fitting of the helmet on the user in cross-section.

FIG. 18 is a front view of a hinged helmet;

fig. 18A is a front view of the hinged helmet of fig. 18;

figure 19A shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a swivel joint which allows two hinged segments of an articulated helmet to nest with one another;

figure 19B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the two hinged segments of the hinged helmet pulled apart prior to being placed in the nested position;

figure 19C shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of two hinged segments in a nested position;

FIG. 20 is a side perspective view of an additional embodiment of a protective helmet;

FIG. 20A illustrates an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in FIG. 20 wherein the outer surface comprises overlapping plates extending over the helmet, the plates being located at or adjacent sinusoidal springs;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the sinusoidal springs of the helmet shown in FIG. 20;

fig. 22 shows the same view as shown in fig. 21, illustrating a force applied to the helmet, such as a force from a blow or stroke;

FIG. 23 shows the same view as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 after the outer housing and sinusoidal springs have returned to a neutral position;

fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet of fig. 20A, illustrating how the overlapping plates are connected to each other and maintain the ability to move in response to forces applied to the helmet.

Fig. 25 shows the same view of the helmet as shown in fig. 24, illustrating the force applied to the helmet, such as from a blow or stroke;

FIG. 26 shows the same view as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 after the outer housing and sinusoidal spring have returned to a neutral position;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing another alternative embodiment of a helmet that includes a label indicator for at least semi-quantitatively measuring a rotational force impacting the helmet;

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the helmet showing the movement of the outer shell upon impact by a rotational force (i.e., a force impacting from an angle relative to the helmet) represented by the arrow;

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the helmet showing the outer shell after returning to a neutral position after being struck by a rotational force, wherein a label indicator is displayed in the window;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in FIG. 20;

fig. 31 shows the same view as shown in fig. 30, illustrating a force applied to the helmet, such as a force from a blow or stroke;

FIG. 32 shows the same view shown in FIGS. 30 and 31 after the outer housing has returned to the neutral position;

FIG. 33 illustrates disengagement of the energy dissipation device and return of the sinusoidal spring to a neutral position;

fig. 34 shows the helmet of fig. 31-33 after the energy dissipation device is completely disengaged;

FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 36 is a top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet illustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 is a top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an energy dissipation device used in the helmet shown in FIG. 35;

FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in FIG. 37;

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in FIG. 37;

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in FIG. 37;

FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in FIG. 37;

FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in FIG. 37; and

fig. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation device shown in fig. 37.

Detailed Description

At the outset, it should be appreciated that like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar structural elements throughout the different views. It is to be understood that the claims are not to be limited to the disclosed aspects.

Still further, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular methodology, materials, and modifications described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It should be appreciated that any method, device, or material similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the example embodiments.

It should be understood that the term "substantially" is synonymous with terms such as "near," "nearly," "about," "approximately," "near," "substantially," "adjacent," "near," \8230, etc., and these terms may be used interchangeably as appears in the specification and claims. It should be understood that the term "approximately" is synonymous with terms such as "near," "adjacent," "proximate," "adjoining," and the like, and that these terms may be used interchangeably as appears in the specification and claims.

In one embodiment, the inner and outer shells are connected to each other by elastomeric cords (elastomeric cord) that serve to restrict rotation of the outer shell on the inner shell and dissipate energy through elastic deformation rather than passively transferring rotational forces to the brain as in existing helmets. In fact, these elastomeric cords function like mini bungee cords, dissipating both angular and linear forces through a mechanism called hysteretic damping, i.e., when the elastomeric cords deform, internal friction causes high energy losses to occur. These elastomeric cords are of particular value in preventing so-called impact brain damage.

The outer housing in turn floats on the inner housing by one or more force absorbers or deflectors, such as, for example, fluid-filled bladders, leaf springs, or sinusoidal springs, located between the inner and outer housings. To maximize the instantaneous reduction or dissipation of linear and/or angular forces applied to the outer housing, a fluid-filled bladder interposed between the rigid inner and outer housings may be closely associated with one or more apertures in the outer housing (i.e., beneath one or more apertures in the outer housing, wherein the apertures are preferably covered with an elastomeric membrane) and used to dissipate energy by bulging outward against the elastomeric membrane whenever the outer housing is accelerated toward the inner housing by any force vector. Alternatively, the diaphragm may be positioned internally between the inner and outer housings, or at the lower boundary of the inner and outer housings, if surface continuity in the outer housing must be maintained. Such an iterative arrangement of iterations would require a separation between adjacent bladders to allow sufficient movement of the associated diaphragm.

In existing fluid-filled designs, the interposed gas or fluid is compressed and displaced when the outer shell of the helmet receives a linear force that accelerates it toward the inner shell. Since gases, and especially fluids, are not easily compressible, it passively transmits this force to the inner housing and thus to the skull and brain. This is in effect the mechanism that causes the existing fluid-filled helmet to fail. The transfer of force is hydraulic and substantially instantaneous, thereby counteracting the effectiveness of viscous fluid transfer as a means of dissipating oscillating forces.

Due to the elastomeric membrane of the present invention, any force exerted on the outer housing will be transferred to the gas or liquid in the capsule which in turn will instantaneously transfer the force to the outer elastomeric membrane covering the aperture in the outer housing. The elastomeric diaphragm will in turn protrude through an aperture in the outer shell or at the lower joint between the inner and outer shells, dissipating the applied force through elastic deformation at the location of the diaphragm, rather than passively transferring it to the padded lining of the inner shell. This process directs energy away from the brain and dissipates it via a combination of elastic deformation and tympanic membrane resonance or vibration. The elastic diaphragm repeatedly adopts the principle of hysteretic damping by vibrating, thereby maximally converting kinetic energy into low-level heat, which in turn is harmlessly dissipated to the surrounding air.

Still further, the elastomeric springs or cords bridging the space holding the fluid filled bladder (similar to the arachnoid in the brain) serve to stabilize the spatial relationship of the inner and outer shells and provide additional dissipation of concussive forces through the same principles as elastic deformation via the mechanisms of stretching, twisting and even compression of the elastic cords.

By combining the bridging effect of the elastic springs or cords with the elastomeric membrane strategically placed at the outer orifice, both linear and rotational forces can be effectively dissipated.

In an alternative embodiment, a leaf spring may be used as a force absorber/deflector instead of a fluid-filled bladder. The leaf spring can be configured as a completely elliptical spring or preferably formed in a parabolic shape. In both forms, the leaf spring is anchored to the outer housing at a single point or preferably to the rigid inner housing and extends into the area between the outer and inner housings. The spring may have a single piece (or arm) or comprise a plurality of arms arranged radially around a common anchor point. Preferably, each arm tapers from a thicker center to a thinner outer portion towards each end of the arm. In addition, the end of each arm may include a bend to allow the end to slide more easily over the housing opposite the anchor housing. In contrast to the use of leaf springs in vehicles, the distal ends of the spring arms are not attached to the non-anchored or opposing housing. This allows the ends to slide over the shells to allow independent movement of each shell when the helmet is struck by a rotational force. This also allows frictional dissipation of energy. Preferably, the distal end contacts the opposing shell in a neutral state (i.e., when the helmet is not in the process of being struck).

Referring to the drawings, fig. 1 is a front view of a multiple protection zone helmet 10 ("helmet 10"). The outer protective zone is formed by outer housing 12 and is preferably made of a rigid, impact resistant material such as metal, plastic, polycarbonate, ceramic, composite, and similar materials known to those skilled in the art. Outer housing 12 defines at least one and preferably a plurality of apertures 14 (or apertures 14). The orifice 14 may be open, but is preferably covered by a flexible elastomeric material in the form of a septum 16 (or a septum 16). In a preferred embodiment, the helmet 10 further comprises a plurality of face protector attachments. Fig. 1 shows the face protector attachments 18a and 18b; however, the helmet 10 may have any suitable number of face protector attachments. In a more preferred embodiment, the face protector attachment is made of a flexible elastomeric material to provide flexibility to the attachment. The elastomeric material reduces rotational pull on the helmet 10 if an attached face protector (not shown in fig. 1) is pulled. "elastomer" refers to any of a variety of substances that resemble rubber in properties such as elasticity and flexibility. Such elastomeric materials are well known to those skilled in the art. Fig. 2 is a side view of helmet 10 showing two face protector attachments 18a and 18b on one side of the helmet. Examples of face protection devices are goggles and face masks. Such attachments may also be used to releasably attach to the chin strap of a helmet in a known manner.

Fig. 3A is a cross-sectional view of helmet 10 showing a hard inner shell 20 and an elastomeric spring or cord 30 (or cord 30) extending through the elastomeric region connecting the two shells. Inner housing 20 forms an anchor region and is preferably made of a rigid, impact resistant material such as metal, plastic such as polycarbonate, ceramic, composite, and similar materials known to those skilled in the art. Inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 are slidably connected at a slide connection 22. By "slidably connected" is meant that the edges of inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 respectively abut or slide over each other at connection 22. In an alternative embodiment, outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 are connected by an elastomeric element, such as a U-shaped elastomeric connector 22a ("connector 22 a"). Sliding connection 22 and connector 22a each function to dissipate energy and maintain the spatial relationship between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20.

The cord 30 is a flexible cord such as, for example, a bungee cord or an elastic "pinch" cord or their equivalent used to hold items to an automobile or bicycle frame. This flexibility allows outer housing 12 to move or "float" relative to inner housing 20 while remaining connected to inner housing 20. The sliding connection 22 between the outer housing 12 and the inner housing 20 also allows for this floating capability. In an alternative embodiment, the sliding connection 22 may also include an elastomeric connection 22a between the outer housing 12 and the inner housing 20. The liner 24 forms an interior region and lines the interior surface of the inner shell 20 to provide a comfortable material for supporting the helmet 10 on the head of a user. In one embodiment, the gasket 24 may enclose a loose cushioning member 24a, such as

Beads or "pellets" or loose oatmeal.

Also shown in fig. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of capsules 40 (or capsules 40) located in the elastomeric region between the outer housing 12 and the inner housing 20. The helmet 10 includes at least one bladder 40, and preferably a plurality of bladders 40. The capsule 40 is filled with a fluid, a liquid such as water, or a gas such as helium or air. In a preferred embodiment, the fluid is helium because it is light and its use reduces the overall weight of the helmet 10. In an alternative embodiment, the bladder 40 may also include compressible beads or members, such as

A bead. The capsule 40 is preferably located below the aperture 14 of the outer housing 12 and in contact with both the inner housing 20 and the outer housing 12. Thus, when the outer housing 12 is urged toward the inner housing 20 (and thus the skull of the user) during a collision, the bladder 40 is squeezed and the fluid therein is compressed, similar to a squeeze balloon. The bladder 40 will bulge toward the orifice 14 and cause the elastomer to bulge outThe diaphragm 16 is displaced. This convex displacement action diverts the force of the blow from radially inward (i.e., toward the user's skull and brain) to radially outward (i.e., upward toward the orifice), thereby providing a new direction for the force vector. The bladder 40 may also be divided internally into compartments 40a by the bladder wall 44 such that if the integrity of one of the compartments 40a is compromised, the other compartment will still function to dissipate the linear and rotational forces. The bladder 40 may additionally include valves 46 disposed between the compartments 40a to control fluid movement. In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 3A, the capsule 40 includes two compartments. However, it should be understood that any number of compartments suitable for controlling the movement of fluid may be used.

Fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view similar to fig. 3A discussed above, showing an alternative embodiment of the helmet 10. The helmet 10 shown in fig. 3B includes a cushioning zone (crumple zone) or intermediate shell 50 between the outer shell 12 and the inner shell 20. In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate housing 50 is adjacent to the inner housing 20 or adjacent to the inner housing 20. The intermediate housing 50 encloses a filler 52. Preferably, the filler 52 is a compressible material that is packaged to deflect the percussive energy and protect the skull, similar to a "bumper" in an automobile. The padding 52 is designed to crumple or deform, thereby absorbing the impact force before it reaches the inner liner 24 and skull. In this embodiment, cord 30 extends from inner housing 20, through intermediate housing 50, and to outer housing 12. One suitable material for the filler 52 is

Beads or "particles", or equivalent materials, such as those used for packaging objects. Because of its "crumpling" function, intermediate housing 50 is preferably constructed of a softer or more deformable material than outer housing 12 and/or inner housing 20. Typical materials of construction for the intermediate shell 50 are stretchable materials such as latex or spandex or other similar elastomeric fabrics, which preferably enclose a filler 52.

Fig. 3C is a cross-sectional view similar to fig. 3A, showing an alternative embodiment of helmet 10 that includes elastomeric cords 30 and 31. The elastomer cord 31 (or cord 31) includes a thick elastomer portion 31a and a thin non-elastomer portion 31b. In the illustrated embodiment, the thick elastomer portion 31a is connected to the outer surface of the inner housing 20, but may alternatively be connected to the inner surface of the outer housing 12. The thin non-elastomeric portion 31b of the cord 31 is connected to the inner surface of the outer housing 12, but may alternatively be attached to the outer surface of the inner housing 20. The thin non-elastomeric portion 31b may comprise a single cord or a plurality of cords. In this exemplary embodiment, the thick elastomeric portion 31a of the cord 31 is thicker than the uniform elastomeric cord 30. For example, the diameter of the elastomer portion 31a is larger than the diameter of the cord 30. However, it should be understood that the elastomeric portion 31a and the cord 30 may have any suitable diameter that allows the cord 31 to be used as a spare to prevent the cord 30 from being stretched beyond its elastic limit. Also shown in fig. 3C is a force F located on the left side of the helmet 10. The force F is directed radially inward relative to the helmet 10 and represents a blow to the outer shell 12, as will be discussed with reference to fig. 4A-4D.

Fig. 4A-4D are enlarged schematic views of cords 30 and 31 as shown in fig. 3C. Fig. 4A and 4B are enlarged views of detail 4A, B of fig. 3C. Fig. 4A shows a cord 30 which is of uniform thickness throughout its length, with the cord 31 in a neutral position. In the neutral position, cord 30 is in a slightly stretched state, while cord 31 is in an unstretched state. In the neutral position, the distance between the inner housing 20 and the outer housing 12 and thus the length of the cords 30 and 31 is the length L1. Fig. 4B shows the cords 30 and 31 as shown in fig. 4A, but in a state of maximum compression due to the force F (as shown in fig. 3C) impacting the helmet 10. When a force F greater than the normal force is applied, outer housing 12 is displaced radially inward relative to inner housing 20 (i.e., the radial distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 decreases). In this case, significant compression occurs in the elastomeric cord 30; however, only nominal compression occurs in the cord 31. As shown, the non-elastomeric portion 31b relaxes and the elastomeric portion 31a exhibits only nominal or no compression. In this compressed state, the distance between the inner housing 20 and the outer housing 12, and thus the length of the cords 30 and 31, is a length L2, which is less than the length L1. Fig. 4C and 4D are enlarged views of detail 4C, D in fig. 3C. Fig. 4C shows a cord 30 that is of uniform thickness throughout its length, with the cord 31 in a neutral position. In the neutral position, the cord 30 is in a slightly stretched state, while the cord 31 is in an unstretched state. In the neutral position, the distance between the inner housing 20 and the outer housing 12, and thus the length of the cords 30 and 31, is a length L3, which is substantially equal to L1. Fig. 4D shows the cords 30 and 31 as shown in fig. 4C, but in a state of maximum tension due to the force F (as shown in fig. 3C) impacting the helmet 10. When force F is applied, outer housing 12 is displaced radially outward relative to inner housing 20 (i.e., the radial distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 increases). In this case, significant expansion occurs in the elastomeric strand 30, and moderate expansion occurs in the strand 31. As shown, the non-elastomeric portion 31b is pulled tightly and the elastomeric portion 31a expands moderately. At maximum displacement of the outer housing 12 relative to the inner housing 20, the cord 30 may be stretched near or up to its elastic limit. However, when this occurs, the non-elastomeric portion 31b of the cord 31 engages the elastomeric portion 31a to relieve the greater forces impacting the helmet 10 and prevent any loss of elasticity in the cord 30. By using the cord 31 as a backup for a strike with a strong impact, greater protection can be achieved even after the cord 30 reaches its elastic limit and without intervening absorption of any rotational force impacting the helmet 10. For this reason, the cord 31 maintains the integrity of the cord system of the helmet 10. In the expanded state, the distance between the inner housing 20 and the outer housing 12, and thus the length of the cords 30 and 31, is a length L4, which is greater than the length L1.

Fig. 5A is a top view of a portion of the outer shell 12 of the helmet 10, illustrating an alternative embodiment in which a liftable cover 60 (or lid 60) is used to cover the aperture 14 to protect the membrane 16 and/or capsule 40 from puncture, tearing, or similar events that may compromise their integrity. The lid 60 is attached to the outer housing 12 by a lid connector 62 (or connector 62). The cap 60 is operatively arranged to lift or elevate upwardly if a particular membrane 16 bulges out of the orifice 14 due to expansion of one or more capsules 40. Because it is liftable, cap 60 allows diaphragm 16 to freely resiliently protrude through aperture 14 above the surface of outer housing 12 (i.e., radially outward from outer housing 12) to absorb and redirect impact forces, and also protects diaphragm 16 from damage caused by external forces. In an alternative embodiment, the membrane 16 is not used and the cover 60 directly shields and protects the bladder 40. In an exemplary embodiment, the connector 62 is a hinge. In an example embodiment, the connector 62 is a flexible plastic attachment. Figure 5B shows the liftable lid 60, the liftable lid 60 protecting the capsule 40 when the capsule 40 protrudes through the aperture 14 and radially outwardly from the outer housing 12.

Fig. 6A is an exploded view illustrating one method of attaching the cord 30 to the helmet 10 such that the outer shell 12 floats on the inner shell 20. Cavity 36 (or cavity 36), which preferably includes concave side 36a, is drilled or otherwise disposed in outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 such that they are aligned. Each end of the cord 30 is attached to a plug 32, the plugs 32 being arranged in aligned cavities 36. In one embodiment, the plug 32 is secured in the cavity 36 using a suitable adhesive known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In an alternative embodiment, the plug 32 is secured in the cavity 36 by an interference fit (i.e., press fit or friction fit) or a snap fit.

Fig. 6B is a cross-section of the helmet 10 with the plug 32 secured in the cavity 36. The cord 30 is attached at both ends to two plugs 32 and extends between the outer shell 12 and the inner shell 20. Also shown is an intermediate housing 50 enclosing a filler 52. Not shown is the bladder 40 which would be disposed between the intermediate housing 50 and the outer housing 12. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that cord 31 may be attached between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 in a similar manner.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet 10, wherein the bladder 40 is replaced by a force absorber/deflector comprising a parabolic shaped plate spring 41 (or spring 41). In the illustrated embodiment, spring 41 is fixedly secured to inner housing 20 at anchor point 42 (or anchor point 42). Each of the springs 41 comprises at least one arm 43 (or arm 43), said arm 43 having two ends 43a, the ends 43a being preferably curved as shown. Arms 43 are preferably tapered, having a thicker central portion near anchor point 42, and tapering in width and/or thickness towards end 43 a. In addition, the arms 43 may be laminated with an applied elastic layer that gradually decreases with increasing distance from the anchor point 42. Multiple arms 43 may be radially arrayed about and attached to a single anchor point 42. As shown in fig. 7, the arms 43 extend to the buffer zone or intermediate housing 50 (if present), and the anchor points 42 extend through the buffer zone 50. Leaf springs 41 may also be used in conjunction with elastomeric cord 30. Fig. 7A is an alternative embodiment that includes an elliptical leaf spring 41a (or spring 41 a) instead of a parabolic leaf spring 41. Similar to the springs 41, each of the springs 41a is attached at a single anchor point 42.

Fig. 8 is a cross-section of the embodiment of the helmet 10 shown in fig. 7, wherein a leaf spring 41 is used in combination with the elastomeric cords 30 and 31. As described above, the cord 31 serves as a backup to prevent the cords 30 from being stretched beyond their elastic limit. The elastomeric portion 31a of the cord 31 comprises a diameter greater than the diameter of the uniform elastomeric cord 30. As shown in fig. 8, the thick portion may be attached to the outer housing 12 or the inner housing 20.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the helmet 10, the helmet 10 including the plate spring 41 and the string 30 fixedly secured to the outer shell 12. It should be understood that the illustrated embodiment of the helmet 10 may further include a cord 31.

Fig. 10A and 10B schematically show the action of the plate spring 41 when the helmet 10 is struck by a force. In fig. 10A, the helmet 10 is in a neutral state. In the neutral state, the spring 41 is subjected to a relatively slight tension at all circumferential positions with respect to the helmet 10. In fig. 10B, the force F impinges on the right hand side (i.e., radially inward relative to the helmet 10) of the helmet 10, and in particular the outer shell 12. As arms 43 are urged toward inner housing 20 (i.e., the radial distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 decreases), ends 43a are spaced further apart from one another to absorb the translational force vector generated by force F. At the same time, the ends 43a 'of the arms 43' of the spring 41 'located on opposite sides of the helmet 10 move closer to each other (i.e. the radial distance between the inner and outer shells 20, 12 increases) due to the reduced tension on the arms 43'. After the force F is exhausted, the increased tension created on the right hand or arm 43 on the contact side of the helmet 10 acts to return the outer shell 12 radially outward toward the neutral position. The relaxed stretching of the arms 43' on the non-contact side of the helmet 10 allows the outer shell 12 to move radially inward, closer to the inner shell 20 toward the neutral position. Although not shown in fig. 10A and 10B, it should be understood that the cord 30 and/or the cord 31 will serve to absorb any rotational or torsional forces generated on the helmet 10 by the force F.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of a cushioning or intermediate zone 50 in the helmet 10, wherein the leaf springs 41 are force absorbers/deflectors. Elastomeric cord 30 extends from inner housing 20 to outer housing 12. The buffer zone 50 is circumferentially arranged between the cords 30 and includes a filler 52. In the illustrated embodiment, the material of the filler 52 is in the shape of a plurality of cones 54. In an exemplary embodiment, the filler 52 comprises a viscoelastic material, such as

A material, or a combination of viscoelastic materials. Viscoelastic materials offer the advantage of behaving like a quasi-liquid that is easily deformed by an applied force and slowly recovers, but, in the absence of such a force, it has a defined shape and volume. Fall on

An unusually large amount of energy generated by an object on the material is absorbed. Leaf springs 41 are pivotally connected to inner housing 20 by anchor points 42, extend upwardly through buffer zone 50, and contact outer housing 12. In this embodiment, the cone 54 in the buffer zone 50 serves to absorb blows having a force much greater than the normal force such that the spring 41 is deflected to the extent that the outer housing 12 reaches the buffer zone 50. Fig. 12 is a top view of the buffer 50 showing a plurality of cords 30 disposed between cones 54, which comprise a viscoelastic material. It should be understood that helmets employing fluid-filled bladders may include a viscoelastic material (such as SORBOTHANE material or SORBOTHANE material)

Particles) as a buffer for the filler.

Fig. 13A and 13B are front views of an articulated helmet 100 ("helmet 100") divided into at least two components attached by an articulation means. Articulated means that the helmet comprises several parts or sections joined by articulated means, such as hinges or pivot connections, swivel joints or other means allowing the various parts of the helmet to open and close together. Each section comprises a hard outer shell 101. Fig. 13A shows the helmet 100 in a closed and locked orientation. The segments 102a and 102b are connected by a hinge means 104. In this embodiment, the hinge device 104 is a hinge. It should be understood that any number of hinge devices 104 suitable for opening and closing the helmet 100 may be used, and the present invention is not limited to the use of one hinge device. Preferably, the helmet 100 includes one or more locking members 106 (or locking members 106) to secure the helmet 100 in the closed position. The helmet 100 further comprises an ear-hole aperture 108 and an inner surface 101a. Fig. 13B shows the helmet 100 in an open orientation. The locking member 106 is disengaged, allowing the hinging means 104 to open and separate the sections 102a and 102b.

Fig. 14A and 14B show front views of alternative embodiments of helmet 100, including sections 103a, 103B, and 103c. In this embodiment, the helmet 100 comprises a vent 110, the vent 110 being an opening defined by the helmet 100 that extends from the outer surface 101 to the inner surface 101a. The hinge means 104 allow the sections 103b and 103c to pivot relative to the section 103 a. One or more locking members 106 hold sections 103b and 103c in the closed position. It should be understood that the vent 110 may be disposed in a helmet having any number of sections, for example, a helmet having two sections (as shown in fig. 13A and 13B). Fig. 14B shows the helmet 100 in an open position, in which the two hinge means 104 are open to separate the sections 103B and 103c from the section 103 a. Fig. 15 is a side view of the two-section embodiment helmet 100 as shown in fig. 13A and 13B, further comprising a vent 110 and two hinge means 104. Similarly, fig. 16 is a side view of the helmet 100 of the three-segment embodiment as shown in fig. 14A and 14B, showing two hinge means 104 for segment 103c.

Figure 17 is another illustration of a hinged helmet 100A front view of an alternative embodiment, wherein a pad or cushion 112 is attached to the inner surface 101a of the helmet 100. The liner 112 may be permanently attached to the inner surface 101a with suitable attachment means, such as rivets, screws or adhesive. Alternatively, the liner 112 may be used, for example

Attachment means such as snap material, suction cups, snap buttons or other releasable coupling means may be releasably attached to the inner surface 101a. Releasably attached padding 112 provides the advantage of allowing a user to customize the helmet 100 with cushioning pads 112 of various sizes, materials, and arrangements that provide a snug fit when the helmet 110 is worn. The cushion 112 comprises any suitable foam material known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In both embodiments, the cushion 112 is attached to the inner surface 101a between the vent holes 110 to ensure maximum air flow to the user.

Fig. 17A is a front view of a user showing a cross-section of the hinged helmet 100 as worn by a user U with the outer shell 120 removed. When the helmet 100 is worn, the pads 112 contact the top of the user's U head to provide a snug fit. It should be appreciated that the cushion 112 is disposed on the inner surface 101a such that the vent 110 is unobstructed and provides air flow to the user U. In this embodiment, the ear aperture 108 is covered with a membrane or diaphragm 108a. In one embodiment, the diaphragm 108a is made of

And (4) making the fabric.

Fig. 18 and 18A are front views of an articulated helmet 100 showing an embodiment in which one section of the helmet 100 may be nested within another section. In fig. 18A, the section 102b is nested within the section 102a and the helmet 100 is in the open position. The hinge means 104a is a swivel joint operatively arranged to hold the segments 102a and 102b together and to allow the segments 102a and 102b to open and rotate relative to each other such that the outer surface 101 of one segment faces radially towards the inner surface 101a of the other segment. For example, segment 102b is rotated 90 degrees to be located radially inward of segment 102a, or vice versa. This embodiment reduces the overall volume of the helmet 100 in the open position, making it easier to store.

Fig. 19A shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a rotary joint element 104a, which rotary joint element 104a allows sections 102a and 102b to rotate and nest within each other. Cable 105 is attached at one end to section 102b and at the other end to gimbal 107. Spring 109 is connected at a first end to universal joint 107 and at a second end to section 102b. Gimbal 107 is rotatably connected to (e.g., embedded in) segment 102a such that cable 105 and segment 102b are rotatable relative to segment 102a, and vice versa. The spring 109 pulls the attached segment 102b (and cable 105) towards segment 102 a. Fig. 19B shows the segments 102a and 102B pulled apart, with the stretched spring 105 holding the two segments together. Additionally, a male pin or tube 120 may be disposed on section 102a, with male pin or tube 120 sliding to a port 122 disposed on section 102b to stabilize the helmet when sections 102a and 102b are joined together. Alternatively, the male pin or tube 120 may be disposed on the segment 102b and the port 122 may be disposed on the segment 102a (this embodiment is not shown). As shown in fig. 19C, the universal joint 107 allows the segment 102b to rotate relative to the segment 102a, after which the segment 102b is pulled back toward the segment 102 a. Because the segment 102b has rotated, the outer surface 101 of the segment 102b nests against the inner surface 101a of the segment 102 a.

Fig. 20 is a side perspective view of yet another additional embodiment of a helmet, with the outer shell 202 removed. The helmet 200 includes an integral or continuous outer shell 202 (not shown in fig. 20) and a functionally connected inner shell 204. By integral or continuous, it is meant that the housing 202 is formed as a single unit. Functionally connected means that the outer housing 202 and the inner housing 204 are connected such that the outer housing 202 can move (e.g., rotate) relative to the inner housing 204, such as, for example, via the sliding connection 22 as described above. Elastomer zone 203 ("zone 203") is located between outer housing 202 and inner housing 204. At least one sinusoidal spring 208 ("spring 208") is positioned in the region 203. Fig. 20 shows a preferred embodiment in which a plurality of springs 208 are positioned in zone 203. In a more preferred embodiment shown herein, the spring 208 is a sinusoidal spring 208 having a shape similar to or identical to a series of sine waves, and may be manufactured as described in U.S. patent application publication No.2012/00773884 and U.S. patent No.4,708,757 to Guthrie, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

While not necessary for the protective function of the helmet 200, in yet another embodiment, the distal end of at least one of the springs 208 is in operative contact with the force indicator tab 216 ("tab 216"). "operative contact" means that a component or device contacts a second component but is not attached to the second component and causes the second component to function. For example, as described below, the operatively contacting end of the spring 208 contacts the proximal edge of the tag 216 such that when the spring 208 is extended, it urges the tag 216 to an outer position toward the outer periphery of the helmet 200. When the spring 208 retracts, the tab 216 remains in its displaced position. The label 216 is preferably a multi-color plate, as represented by the different cross-hatch patterns on the surface of the label 216 shown in fig. 20.

The label 216 is positioned within the channel 212, and the channel 212 is positioned on the outer surface 205 of the inner housing 204. The channel 212 includes parallel rails 214 with a label 216 positioned between the rails 214. Thus, as the spring 208 extends, the tab 216 is always urged in the same direction. The outer housing 202 defines at least one window 210, shown in phantom, positioned such that if the spring 208 is extended sufficiently to push the tab 216 into the channel 212, the tab 216 is viewable through the window 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the rivets 218 form the attachment of the plurality of springs 208 to the outer housing 202 to form a radial or "spider" array of springs 208. In a preferred embodiment, the outer housing 202 is functionally connected to the inner housing 204 such that the window 210 is maintained in a constant position relative to the inner housing 204. The disclosure described herein relates to this embodiment. It should be appreciated that outer housing 202 is functionally attached to inner housing 204 such that movement of outer housing 202 relative to inner housing 204 does not affect the position of label 216 (i.e., outer housing 202 does not contact label 216). In another embodiment (not shown), the outer housing 202 is functionally attached to the inner housing 204 such that the window 210 varies in position. For example, in the resting or neutral position, the window 210 is disposed on the outer housing 202 and is in a first position relative to the inner housing 204. During impact (or just thereafter), when the outer housing 202 is moved relative to the inner housing 204, the window 210 may be located at a second position that is different from the first position. However, the outer housing 202 is arranged to always return to its rest or neutral position for a period of time after the impact. Thus, the window 210 will always return to the first position. Reading of the tag 216 should be performed when the outer housing 202 is in a stationary or neutral position and the window 210 is in the first position.

Fig. 20A shows an alternative embodiment of a helmet, labeled helmet 200A, in which outer shell 202 comprises overlapping panels 202a ("panels 202 a") that extend over helmet 200A and form an outer wall or cover of elastomeric zone 203. The plates 202a may be arranged in rows. Fig. 20A also illustrates a preferred arrangement of sinusoidal springs 208, wherein three springs 208 extend along the inner housing 204, wherein at least one end of at least one of the springs 208 is in operative contact with the label 216. As shown, the springs 208 may be independently disposed beneath the rows of plates 202a. Although not shown in fig. 20A, the opposite ends of each of the springs 208 may also be in operative contact with the label 216. As also shown in fig. 20A, a label 216 is positioned within the guide 214 of the channel 212. The casing 202 defines at least one window 210 in one of the panels 202a, the window 210 being positioned such that if the spring 208 extends sufficiently through the channel 212, the tab 216 is viewable through the window 210.

Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view through the sinusoidal spring 208 of the helmet 200. A spring 208 is positioned in the elastomer zone 203 and rests on the outer surface 205. One end of the spring 208 is proximate to or in contact with a tab 216, the tab 216 being positioned between the rails 214. In the rest or neutral position shown, the label 216 is disposed below the outer housing 202 and is not exposed in the window 210. The spring 208 may be attached to the outer housing 202, the inner housing 204, or both the outer housing 202 and the inner housing 204. The helmet 200 may further include a substrate 210a disposed on the window 210.

Fig. 22 shows the same view of the helmet 200 as shown in fig. 21, wherein a force a, represented by arrow a, is applied to the helmet 200. The force may be a blow that impacts the helmet 200. The dashed lines of the outer housing 202 and the spring 208 show the outer housing 202 and the spring 208 in a neutral state. The solid line shows the outer shell 202 being forced into the elastomer zone 203 by a force a. When the force a strikes the outer housing 202, one or more of the springs 208 are urged to a compression mode, as illustrated by the reduced amplitude of the sine wave formed in the sinusoidal spring 208 and the expanded length of the spring 208. When spring 208 lengthens, as indicated by arrow B, it pushes tab 216 toward and/or into window 210. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the increase in the length of the spring 208 is a function of the amount of force impacting the helmet 200. Thus, the amount of exposure of the label 216 in the window 210 depends on the amount of force that strikes the helmet 200. Preferably, the label 216 comprises different colors, such as green, yellow and red, or other indicators, each of which may appear in the window 210 depending on the force of the strike. It should be appreciated that: more than one spring 208 may be extended when the helmet 200 is struck.

Fig. 23 shows the same view shown in fig. 21 and 22 after the outer housing 202 and sinusoidal spring 208 have returned to the neutral position. The return movement of the outer housing 202 is shown by arrow C and the return of the spring 208 is shown by arrow D. After the spring 208 is retracted to its normal state, the tab 216 remains under the window 210.

Fig. 24 is a cross-section of the helmet 200A shown in fig. 20A, which illustrates how the overlapping plates 202a are connected to each other and still maintain the ability to move in response to a force applied to the helmet 200A. The sinusoidal spring 208 is confined between the plate 202a and the outer surface 205 of the inner housing 204. The distal end of the spring 216 is also shown in operative contact with the force indicator tab 216. The window 210 is defined by an edge portion 211 of the helmet 200 a. It may also be defined by one of the plates 202a. In one embodiment, the hinge plates 202a are attached using a male-female connection, wherein a circular pin 220 is inserted into a circular socket 222. This connection allows the plates to pivot laterally or side-to-side and up and down on the pin 220 to deflect some of the force away from the user's head while still maintaining the integrity of the entire outer housing. Also shows a covering part207 which may cover the hinge plates 202a. Preferably, the cover 207 is made of

A fabric that provides an integral cover over each plate 202a but allows each plate to move. It should be understood that one skilled in the art will recognize that the hinge plates 202a may be replaced by a unitary rigid outer housing 202, as shown in FIG. 20 above.

Fig. 25 and 26 are similar to fig. 22 and 23, respectively, showing outer housing 202a compressed by force a and returned to a neutral state as shown by arrow C. As with the helmet 200 discussed above, the tab 216 remains displayed in the window 210, which at least semi-quantitatively indicates the amount of force that strikes the helmet 202a after the spring 208 is retracted (arrow D). By semi-quantitatively it is meant that the degree of exposure of the label 216 below the window 210 indicates whether the first impact strikes the helmet 200 with a greater force than the second impact, the recorded measurement being more severe in both impacts.

An indicator on a tab 216 displayed in the window 210 may be used to show how far the spring 208 has moved, thereby indicating the amount of force that has impacted the helmets 200 and 200 a. The spring 208 can be manufactured using known methods with a suitable calibrated or measured tension to extend to an appropriate length depending on the impact force to indicate, at least in a semi-quantitative manner, the amount of force that impacts the helmet 200 (or helmet 200 a) and thus may affect the user. A screwdriver or other instrument may be used to return the tag 216 to its neutral position so that it moves back into operative contact with the spring 208. In some embodiments, a minimum or sufficient amount of force may be required to move tab 216 into window 210. If the impact force is below this minimum, the spring 208 will not lengthen enough to move the tab 216 into the window 210, indicating that the impact force is insufficient to cause injury to the user.

Fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing another alternative embodiment of a helmet 200, the helmet 200 including a label indicator to at least semi-quantitatively measure the rotational force impacting the helmet 200. In this view, the sinusoidal springs 208 are removed for clarity, but those skilled in the art will recognize that for this embodiment, at least one spring 208 may be used in the helmets 200 and 200 a. The support 230 is fixedly attached to the outer surface 205 of the inner shell 204. Support member 230 extends across section 203 and contacts inner surface 213 of outer housing 202. Arm 230a extends from support 230 generally transversely along inner surface 213 of outer housing 202. The arm 230a is in operative contact with the label indicator 216a, and the label indicator 216a is positioned in the guide 214 (not shown).

In fig. 28, arrow E represents a rotational force, e.g., a force of impact from an angle relative to the helmet 200 (or helmet 200 a). Because the rotational movement of inner housing 204 relative to outer housing 202 is stationary (outer housing 202 is suspended from inner housing 204 by springs 208), support 230 and attachment arm 230a remain stationary relative to outer housing 202. The label indicators 216a rotate with the outer housing 202 against the stationary arm 230a, which forces them to move along the guide 214. As shown in fig. 29, when the outer housing 202 returns to the neutral position after the stroke, the label indicator 216a remains in the guide rail 214 (the label indicator 216a is pushed in the guide rail 214). If the rotational force is sufficient, a label indicator 216a will be displayed in the window 210, indicating that the helmet 200 has been struck by sufficient rotational force to display the indicator 216a, indicating that injury to the user is likely to occur.

Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in fig. 20. In the alternative embodiment shown, the helmet 200 further comprises an energy dissipation device 215 arranged radially between the outer shell 202 and the inner shell 204. The energy dissipation device 215 comprises a first part 215A and a second part 215B, which are arranged to engage and lock with each other. In the exemplary embodiment, first portion 215A is coupled to spring 208 and includes a plurality of teeth 215A' facing radially inward in direction RD 1. The second portion 215B is connected to the inner housing 204 and includes a plurality of teeth 215B' facing radially outward in a direction RD 2. The energy dissipation device 215 further includes a release 217 for disengaging the first portion 215A and the second portion 215B. For example, depressing release 217 displaces first portion 215A radially outward in direction RD2 and disengages teeth 215A 'of first portion 215A from teeth 215B' of second portion 215B. The indicator label 216 includes a return label 219 coupled thereto. The return tab 219 is disposed radially inward of the indicator tab 216 so that a user can return the indicator tab 216 to the position shown in fig. 30. The helmet 200 may also include a substrate 210a disposed on the window 210 such that the indicator tab 216 can only be contacted using the return tab 219 inside the helmet 200 (i.e., the indicator tab 216 cannot be contacted through the window 210).

Fig. 31 shows the same view of the helmet 200 as shown in fig. 30, wherein a force a, indicated by arrow a, is applied to the helmet 200. The effect of the force is the same as shown and described above with respect to fig. 22. However, when the spring 208 extends in the direction B, the first portion 215A is displaced in the direction B relative to the second portion 215B, which displaces the indicator tab 216. The first portion 215A engages the second portion 215B, for example, via teeth 215A 'and 215B'. In the exemplary embodiment, outer housing 202 is functionally connected to inner housing 204 such that window 210 remains in a constant position and does not change in size (i.e., outer housing 202 does not shift circumferentially relative to inner housing 204 at or about the location of window 210).

Fig. 32 shows the same view shown in fig. 30 and 31 after the outer housing 202 has returned to the neutral position. The return movement of the outer housing 202 is shown by arrow C. However, unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 23, the spring 208 does not return to its neutral position due to the energy dissipation device 215. The first portion 215A remains engaged with the second portion 215B and is thus locked. Fig. 33 illustrates disengagement of the energy dissipation device 215, wherein the release 217 is actuated. In an example embodiment, release 217 is coupled to first portion 215A and is displaced in direction G to disengage energy dissipation device 215. For example, depressing release 217 displaces first portion 215A radially outward in direction RD2 (or G) and disengages teeth 215A 'from teeth 215B'. The return of the first portion 215A is shown by arrow D, while the return of the spring 208 is shown by arrows D and E. In another example embodiment, a system may be used

Technique orThe radio communicates to send a signal indicating when the tag 216 is displaced into the window 210 so that another party (e.g., a coach, doctor, medical professional, etc.) knows from a remote location that a significant impact has occurred (i.e., not necessarily within the viewing distance of the window 210). In addition, can use

The technology or radio communication sends a signal indicating the location of the tag 216 in the window 210 so that the party knows the size of the impact that occurred from a remote location. Fig. 34 shows the helmet 200 after the energy dissipation device 215 has been fully disengaged. After the spring 208 is retracted to its normal state, the position of the tab 216 remains in the window 210.

Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in fig. 20. In the alternative embodiment shown, the helmet 200 further comprises a piston arrangement 221 arranged in the inner shell 204. In another embodiment, the piston device 221 is disposed at any suitable location radially between the inner housing 204 and the outer housing 205. The piston device 221 is an energy dissipation device including a first rod 221a, a second rod 221b, a cylinder 221c, and a flange 221d. The first rod 221a is connected at a first end to the spring 208 and at a second end to the flange 221d. The second rod 221b is connected to the flange 221d at a first end and abuts the indicator tab 216 at a second end. The flange 221d is disposed in the cylinder 221 c. In an example embodiment, the piston device 221 acts like a bumper or any other suitable device such that displacement of the spring 208 in direction B is not inhibited and return of the spring 208 in direction D occurs at a controlled rate, preferably slowly. In this embodiment, no release is required, as the spring 208 always returns to its neutral position. The piston device 221 may be a hydraulic piston, a pneumatic piston, or any other suitable device capable of performing the functions noted above.

Fig. 36 is a top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the helmet shown in fig. 20. In this embodiment, the helmet 200 includes a plurality of cradles 240. The bracket 240 is connected to the inner housing 204 and disposed adjacent to the spring 208. The bracket 240 prevents and/or limits the spring 208 from moving laterally. The system provides torsional damping as well as linear damping. The bracket 240 allows the spring 208 to act as a torsion bar, thereby relieving rotational or angular forces applied to the helmet 200.

Fig. 37 is a top perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an energy dissipation device 300 for use in the helmet 200 shown in fig. 20. The energy dissipation device 300 includes a bumper 301, an arm 302, a cylinder 306, and a barrier 314. The damper 301 is a linear mechanical device, a damper that resists motion via viscous friction. Arm 302 includes a plurality of notches and is slidingly engaged within bumper 301. The cylinder 306 is connected to a sinusoidal spring 308 and arranged to slide in horizontal planes 310 and 312. Horizontal planes 310 and 312 are separated by barrier 314. Barrier 314 includes a plurality of doors 316, the plurality of doors 316 operatively arranged to allow barrel 306 to travel from level 310 to level 312. The barrier 314 also includes a door 318, the door 318 operatively arranged to allow the drum 306 to travel from the level 312 to the level 310.

Fig. 38-43 are cross-sectional views of the energy dissipation device 300 shown in fig. 37. Fig. 38 shows the energy dissipation device 300 in a neutral position. The cylinder 306 is arranged in a horizontal plane 310 and the arm 302 extends completely from the buffer 301. Fig. 39 shows the energy dissipation device 300 during an impact in direction H. The sinusoidal spring 308, and thus the cylinder 306, extends along a horizontal plane 310 in direction I. The cylinder 306 displaces the extension 320 and moves the force indicator tab 216 into the window 210. The cylinder 306 also urges the door 316 in direction J. Fig. 40 shows the energy dissipation device 300 during an impact in direction H. The sinusoidal spring 308 has extended such that the cylinder 306 travels on the gate 316 on the horizontal plane 310. The door 316 moves in direction K to return to its neutral position. Fig. 41 shows the energy dissipation device 300 after impact. The cylinder 306 slides in direction L from the horizontal plane 310 to the horizontal plane 312 through the door 316. The cylinder 306 then engages one of the notches 304 in the arm 302. Fig. 42 shows the energy dissipation device 300 after impact. The cylinder 306, now disposed in the horizontal plane 312, engages one of the notches 304. The sinusoidal spring 308 returns to its neutral position in direction M, which pulls the cylinder 306 in direction N, thereby pulling the arm 302. Fig. 43 shows the energy dissipation device 300 after impact. The cylinder 306 slides in the direction O from the horizontal plane 312 to the horizontal plane 310 through the door 318. The sinusoidal spring 308 has returned to the neutral position. Arm 302 returns to its fully extended position relative to bumper 301. It should be appreciated that the force indicator tab 216 may be manually returned to the neutral position.

It will be appreciated that various aspects of the disclosure as well as other features and functions described above, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Reference numerals

10. Helmet with multiple protection zones

12. Outer casing

14. Orifice

16. Diaphragm

18. Face protector attachment

18a face protector attachment

18b face guard attachment

20. Inner shell

22. Sliding connection

22a U-shaped elastomer connector

24. Liner pad

24a loose buffer

30. Elastomeric springs or cords

31. Elastic body rope thread

31a elastomer part

31b non-elastomeric portion

32. Plug-in plug

36. Cavity body

36a concave side

40. Capsule body

40a Compartment

41. Plate spring

41' spring

41a elliptic leaf spring

42. Anchor point

43. Arm(s)

43a end portion

43' arm

43a' end

44. Wall of sac

46. Valve with a valve body

50. Intermediate housing/buffer

52. Filler material

54. Cone body

60. Liftable lid

62. Hinge assembly

100. Articulated helmet

101. Outer surface of

101a inner surface

102a segment

102b section

103a section

103b section

Section 103c

104. Hinge device

104a swivel joint assembly

105. Cable with a flexible connection

106. Locking piece

107 universal joint

108. Ear hole opening

108a film or membrane

109. Spring

110. Vent hole

112. Cushions or cushions

120. Pins or tubes

122. Port(s)

200. Helmet with a detachable head

200A helmet

202. Outer casing

202a overlapping plate

203. Elastomeric region

204. Inner shell

205. Outer surface

207. Covering element

208. Sine spring (spring)

210. Window opening

210a substrate

211. Edge part

212. Channel

213. Inner surface of

214. Guide rail

215. Energy dissipation device

215A first part

215B second part

215A' tooth

215B' tooth

216. Force indicator label

216a Label indicator

217. Release member

218. Rivet

219. Return tag

220. Pin

221. Piston device

221a first bar

221b second bar

221c cylinder

221d flange

222. Socket

230. Support piece

230a arm

240. Support frame

300. Energy dissipation device

301. Buffer device

302. Arm(s)

304. Notch (S)

306. Cylinder

308. Sinusoidal spring

310. Horizontal plane

312. Horizontal plane

314. Barrier

316. Door with a door panel

318. Door with a door panel

320. Extension part

A force (force arrow head)

Direction B

In the C direction

Direction D

E direction

F force

G direction

In the H direction

In the direction of

In the J direction

In the K direction

In the L direction

M direction

In the N direction

Direction of O

U user's top

Length of L1

Length of L2

Length of L3

Length of L4

RD1 radial direction

RD2 radial direction.

Claims (10)

1. A protective helmet having a plurality of protective zones, comprising:

an inner housing having a first inner surface and a first outer surface;

an outer housing having a second inner surface and a second outer surface, the outer housing functionally attached to the inner housing;

an elastomeric region located between the first outer surface and the second inner surface;

a plurality of sinusoidal springs positioned in the elastomer zone, each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs comprising:

a first end; and

a second end; and

a plurality of piston devices disposed between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein each of the plurality of piston devices comprises:

a buffer;

an arm slidingly engaged with the bumper and including a plurality of notches;

a barrier comprising a plurality of doors; and

a cylinder connected to a second end of the sinusoidal spring and operatively arranged to move axially along the barrier, past one of the plurality of gates, and engage one of the plurality of notches of the arm.

2. The protective helmet of claim 1, wherein the first end of at least one of the plurality of sinusoidal springs is attached to the first outer surface.

3. The protective helmet of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sinusoidal springs is attached at a common point on the inner shell.

4. The protective helmet of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of braces connected to the first outer surface, the second inner surface, or both the first outer surface and the second inner surface, wherein the plurality of braces are operatively arranged adjacent the plurality of sinusoidal springs to limit their lateral and torsional movement.

5. The protective helmet of claim 1, wherein the outer shell comprises at least one window defined by the outer shell.

6. The protective helmet of claim 5, further comprising a force indicator tab in operative contact with the second end of at least one of the plurality of sinusoidal springs, wherein the force indicator tab moves through the second end to the at least one window when the helmet is impacted by a sufficient force.

7. The protective helmet of claim 5, wherein the at least one window extends in a generally sagittal direction.

8. The protective helmet of claim 6, wherein the force indicator tab is positioned in a slot or between two rails.

9. The protective helmet of claim 8, wherein the force indicator tag comprises a return tag.

10. The protective helmet of claim 8, further comprising a bluetooth device operatively arranged to determine a location of the force indicator tag, wherein the bluetooth device is capable of transmitting the location to a remote location.

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