CN110167375A - Protect the helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of protection helmet (200) with multiple protection zones, comprising: inner housing (204) has the first inner surface and the first outer surface；Liner type liner is attached to first inner surface；Outer housing (202), has the second inner surface and the second outer surface, and outer housing is functionally attached to the inner housing；Elastomer region (203), between first outer surface and second inner surface；Multiple energy dissipation units (215), are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing；And multiple sinusoidal springs (208), it is located in the elastomer region.Each of multiple sinusoidal springs include first end and one second end being connected in the multiple energy dissipation unit.

Description

Protect the helmet

Cross reference to related applications

The application is according to the 4th article of Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Stockholm bill and the 8th article and according to 35 U.S.C. the power of § § 111 (a) and the 120 U.S. Non-provisional Patent application No.15/401,257 for requiring on January 9th, 2017 to submit Benefit, U.S. Non-provisional Patent application No.15/401,257 be on 2 5th, the 2015 U.S. Patent application No.14/615 submitted, 011 part continuation application, U.S. Patent application No.14/615,011 is the U.S. Patent application submitted on March 15th, 2013 No.13/841,076 part continuation application, U.S. Patent application No.13/841,076 is the U.S. submitted on March 6th, 2012 Patent application No.13/412,782 part continuation application, the application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Technical field

Present invention relates in general to a kind of protection helmets, and relate more specifically to a kind of with absorption linear force and rotation Power and slowly discharge this power stored energy mechanism the protection helmet.

Background technique

Human brain is a very exquisite structure, by a series of protection of shells, to protect it from damage. The surface of innermost layer (pia mater) covering brain.The spider web film layer adjacent with pia mater is spider reticulation film, and the picture of performance is anti- Moisture film.Finally, endocranium (tough and tensile hide-like layer) covers spider web film layer and is pasted to the bone of skull.

Although this structure prevents penetrating trauma, before the linear force for being applied to head is transmitted to brain, Softer internal layer only absorbs a small amount of energy.When object hits human head, object and human head all independently move and It usually moves at different angles, therefore, head injury is almost always related to angle power and linear force.The many in the field Surgeon thinks that the angle power for being applied to brain or rotary force are more dangerous than direct linear force, this is because they be applied to it is white Torsion or shearing force on matter beam and brain stem.

Recurrent a type of brain damage is mild trauma brain damage (MTBI), and commonly referred to as brain shakes It swings.This damage occurs in many occasions, such as construction site, manufacturing site location and sports, and in body-contact sport In be particularly problematic.Although cerebral concussion was once considered as a kind of unessential and reversible brain damage, it will, however, be evident that weight Renaturation cerebral concussion, even if will lead to weak irreversible disease without the loss of consciousness and serious adverse events, Such as dull-witted and neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson's disease, chronic trauma encephalopathy (CTE) and punch drunkenness.

United States Patent (USP) No.5,815,846 (Calonge) describe a kind of helmet with fluid-filled chamber, outer when applying When power, the room by by fluid compression into adjacent balanced bag come dissipative force.In this case, since fluid is limited Property be transmitted to another bag from a bag, therefore, energy only pass through viscous friction dissipate.In this case energy dissipation with it is complete The size in the hole between whole bag and the bag of sky is inversely proportional.That is, hole is smaller, energy decline is bigger.The problem of design, exists In with the size reduction in hole and energy dissipation increases, and the time of dissipation energy also increases.Because fluid-filled chamber is with hydraulic Mode is reacted, so energy transmission is substantially instantaneous.Therefore, in the design of Calonge, it can be shifted in viscous fluid Before, a large amount of energy is passed to brain, to counteract the most of defencive function provided by fluid-filled chamber.Viscous friction Change too slow to energy dissipation and cannot sufficiently mitigate vibratory forces.If water removed from squeeze bottle, it will be seen that The effect of time needed for making any fluid displacement when the change in size of outlet opening and power.Current hole is smaller, and required power is bigger, And it is longer for the time needed for shifting fluid for any given power.

United States Patent (USP) No.3,872,511 (Nichols) describe a kind of helmet with hard inner housing and outer housing, Wherein, there is middle area between two shells.The area includes multiple utricules for being filled with fluid, these utricules are protected by valve It holds to the inner surface of outer housing.When impacting, outer housing is forced into the area, to squeeze utricule.Valve is being hit When be closed, so that air be made to be maintained in utricule, the head of user is protected with shock absorbing.However, due to the shifting of utricule It moves and is restricted in impact, although so impact force reduces but still is directed toward head.In addition, the patent of Nichols does not relate to And the mitigation of the rotary force to impact head helmet.

United States Patent (USP) No.6,658,671 (Holst) describes a kind of head with inner housing and outer housing and sliding layer Helmet.Sliding layer allows outer housing to shift relative to inner housing, to help some angles of dissipating during being applied to the collision on the helmet Spend power.However, power, which dissipates, is confined to the outer housing of the helmet.In addition, the helmet of Holst is not provided for two shells are opposite In the mechanism for returning to resting position each other.In United States Patent (USP) No.5,956,777 (Popovich) and European Patent Publication EP Have the shortcomings that in the helmet described in 0048442 (Kalman et al.) similar.

German patent DE 19544375 (Zhan) describes a kind of building helmet comprising the hole in hard shell body Mouthful, allow padded coaming to be expanded by aperture to eliminate some impact forces.However, since liner is against the head of user peace It puts, so some power are guided by headward rather than separate head.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2012/0198604 (Weber et al.) describes a kind of for protecting human head From repeated impacts and appropriateness and severe impact to reduce a possibility that leading to brain damage because of both translational force and rotary force Crash helmet.The helmet includes isolation damper, is used to separate outer lining and liner.The end of outer lining and liner it Between gap is provided, allow outer lining mobile without contacting liner in impact to provide space.

Obviously, traumatic brain damage in order to prevent, not only must be prevented from penetrating object, it is necessary to prevent from being applied to the helmet Any power (angle or linear) of outside be simply transmitted to the skull and brain gone along with sb. to guard him.The helmet does not merely have to pressing down Passive effect is played in terms of making this external force and it is necessary to play in terms of dissipate applied linear momentum and angular momentum and actively make With so that they are to fragile brain adverse effect almost no or no.

In order to provide the maximum protection of linear power and angle power, the outer housing for mitigating the helmet of this power is allowed for Mobile independently of the inner housing of the helmet, the inner housing of the helmet covers and goes along with sb. to guard him skull and brain, so that any one or more Force vector can be alleviated before power enters brain.

In order to realize these purposes in helmet designs, inner part (shell) and exterior part (one or more shells) must It can must carry out independently of one another the movement of considerable.In addition, the momentum for being applied to outer housing should be directed away from and/or Around following inner housing and brain, and is sufficiently dissipated or stored to offset adverse effect.

Therefore, it needs a kind of to deposit with absorbing linear force and rotary force and slowly discharge the energy of this power for a long time Store up the protection helmet of mechanism.

Summary of the invention

According to aspects illustrated herein, a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones is provided, comprising: inner housing, With the first inner surface and the first outer surface；Liner type liner is attached to first inner surface；Outer housing has the Two inner surfaces and the second outer surface, outer housing are functionally attached to the inner housing；Elastomer region, in first appearance Between face and second inner surface；Multiple energy dissipation units are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing；With And multiple sinusoidal springs, it is located in the elastomer region, each of the multiple sinusoidal spring includes: first End；And second end, one be connected in the multiple energy dissipation unit.

According to aspects illustrated herein, a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones is provided, comprising: inner housing, With the first inner surface and the first outer surface；Liner type liner is attached to first inner surface；Outer housing has the Two inner surfaces and the second outer surface, outer housing are functionally attached to the inner housing；Elastomer region, in first appearance Between face and second inner surface；Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, the multiple sinusoidal bullet Each of spring includes: first end；And second end；And multiple locking devices, it is arranged in the inner housing and the shell Between body, wherein each of the multiple locking device includes: first part comprising multiple first teeth, described first Divide and is connected to the second end；Second part comprising multiple second teeth, the second part are arranged in first outer surface On, wherein the multiple first tooth is arranged to and the multiple second indented joint；And release device, it is connected to first Point, the release device is operatively arranged to discharge the locking device.

According to aspects illustrated herein, a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones is provided, comprising: inner housing, With the first inner surface and the first outer surface；Liner type liner is attached to first inner surface；Outer housing has the Two inner surfaces and the second outer surface, the outer housing are functionally attached to the inner housing；Elastomer region, described first Between outer surface and second inner surface；Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, the multiple sine Each of shape spring includes: first end and second end；And multiple piston apparatus, it is arranged in the inner housing and described outer Between shell, wherein each of the multiple piston apparatus includes: the first component, it is connected to the second end；And the Two components.

Read referring to attached drawing and appended claims the disclosure it is described in detail below after, the disclosure these and other Objects, features and advantages will be apparent.

Detailed description of the invention

Only by way of example, multiple embodiments are disclosed with reference to appended schematic diagram, in attached drawing, corresponding attached drawing mark Note indicates corresponding component, in which:

Fig. 1 is the front view of the Double-casing helmet (" helmet ")；

Fig. 2 is the side view of the helmet of Fig. 1, and it illustrates two protection device for face attachments on the side of the helmet；

Fig. 3 A is the cross-sectional view of the helmet of Fig. 1, and it illustrates the elastomer rope yarns and inner housing of two shells of connection；

Fig. 3 B is analogous to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3, and it illustrates the alternate embodiments of the helmet comprising closes in bolster Between shell；

Fig. 3 C is analogous to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 A, it illustrates the alternate embodiment of elastomer rope yarn, some of elasticity Body rope yarn has thin part and thick part；

Fig. 4 A is the enlarged diagram in the neutral position of rope yarn shown in Fig. 3 C；

Fig. 4 B is the enlarged diagram that rope yarn shown in Fig. 3 C is under compression；

Fig. 4 C is the enlarged diagram in the neutral position of rope yarn shown in Fig. 3 C；

Fig. 4 D is the enlarged diagram that rope yarn shown in Fig. 3 C is under stretching；

Fig. 5 A is the top perspective of a part of the outer housing of the helmet, and it illustrates an alternate embodiments comprising can Lifting lid, the diaphragm for being lifted lid protection and covering the aperture in the outer housing of the helmet；

Fig. 5 B is the top perspective of a part of the outer housing of the helmet as shown in Figure 5 A, and it illustrates protections to protrude The utricule for being filled with fluid be lifted lid；

Fig. 6 A is to show point that rope yarn is attached to inner housing and outer housing to allow outer housing to float around inner housing Xie Tu；

Fig. 6 B is the cross-sectional view that the attachment completed is equipped with, and elastomer rope yarn is attached to two plugs and in the outer of the helmet Extend between shell and inner housing；

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet comprising parabola shaped flat spring；

Fig. 7 A is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet comprising elliptic spring；

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of the protection helmet of alternate embodiment shown in fig. 7, and it illustrates flat springs and elastomer rope Line；

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view of the helmet, and it illustrates the flat springs on the outer housing for being anchored on the helmet；

Figure 10 A schematically shows the parabolic bullet when the helmet is in the neutral state before being hit by power Spring；

Figure 10 B schematically shows how the parabola shaped flat spring when absorbing the power for hitting the helmet temporarily changes its shape Shape.

Figure 11 is the amplification schematic cross sectional views of the buffer area in the helmet, wherein flat spring is power absorber/deflector；

Figure 12 is the top view of buffer area, and it illustrates the more elastomer ropes extended between the cone of viscoelastic material Line；

Figure 13 A is the front view of the hinged helmet, and the helmet is divided into attached by the hinged device of such as hinge or pivot At least two parts connect；

Figure 13 B is the front view of the hinged helmet, and the helmet is divided into two parts；

Figure 14 A is the front view of an alternate embodiment of the hinged helmet, and there are three hinged sections for tool；

Figure 14 B is the front view of the hinged helmet of Figure 14 A；

Figure 15 be include venthole the hinged helmet two section embodiments side view；

Figure 16 is the side view of three section embodiments of the hinged helmet, and it illustrates two hinges for hinged device；

Figure 17 is the front view of the additional alternate embodiment of the hinged helmet, and the helmet includes the interior table for being attached to the helmet The liner or cushion in face；

Figure 17 A is the front view for dressing the user of the hinged helmet, has been shown in section view the helmet on user It is equipped.

Figure 18 is the front view of the hinged helmet；

Figure 18 A is the front view of the hinged helmet of Figure 18；

Figure 19 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view of rotary joint, and the rotary joint allows two articulated sections of the hinged helmet Section is nested with one another；

Figure 19 B shows an enlarged cross-sectional view, and it illustrates being opened for hinged before the being put into nested position helmet Two hinged sections；

Figure 19 C shows the enlarged cross-sectional view of two hinged sections in nested position；

Figure 20 is the side perspective view for protecting the additional embodiment of the helmet；

Figure 20 A shows an alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20, and wherein outer surface includes extending on the helmet Overlapping plates, the plate is at or adjacent to adjacent sinusoidal spring；

Figure 21 is the cross-sectional view of the sinusoidal spring of the helmet shown in Figure 20；

Figure 22 shows view identical with view shown in Figure 21, and it illustrates the power being applied on the helmet, such as Power from strike or impact；

Figure 23 shows the institute in after outer housing and sinusoidal spring have returned to neutral position and Figure 21 and Figure 22 The identical view of the view shown；

Figure 24 is the cross-sectional view of the alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20 A, and it illustrates overlapping plates how to be connected to each other simultaneously Keep the ability in response to being applied to the power of the helmet and movement.

Figure 25 shows the identical view of the helmet as of fig. 24, and it illustrates the power for being applied to the helmet, for example come from The power of strike or impact；

Figure 26 show after outer housing and sinusoidal spring have returned to neutral position with institute in Figure 24 and Figure 25 The identical view of the view shown；

Figure 27 is cross sectional figure, and it illustrates another alternate embodiment of the helmet, the helmet includes for extremely not a half Quantitatively the tag indicator of the rotary force of the helmet is hit in measurement；

Figure 28 is the cross sectional figure of the helmet, and it illustrates when rotary force indicated by the arrow is (i.e. from relative to the helmet Angle hit power) hit when outer housing movement；

Figure 29 is the cross sectional figure of the helmet, outer after neutral position it illustrates returning to after being hit by rotary force Shell, wherein tag indicator is shown in the window；

Figure 30 is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20；

Figure 31 shows view identical with view shown in Figure 30, and it illustrates the power being applied on the helmet, such as Power from strike or impact；

Figure 32 shows the identical view shown in Figure 30 and Figure 31 after outer housing has returned to neutral position；

The case where disengaging that Figure 33 shows energy dissipation unit and sinusoidal spring are back to neutral position；

Figure 34 shows the helmet as shown in Figure 31-Figure 33 after energy dissipation unit completely disengages；

Figure 35 is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20；

Figure 36 is the top perspective of the alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 35；

Figure 37 is the top perspective of the alternate embodiment of energy dissipation unit used in the helmet shown in Figure 35；

Figure 38 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37；

Figure 39 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37；

Figure 40 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37；

Figure 41 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37；

Figure 42 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37；And

Figure 43 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit shown in Figure 37.

Specific embodiment

At the outset, it should be appreciated that identical appended drawing reference indicates that identical or function is similar on different attached drawing views Structural detail.It is to be understood that each claim is not limited to disclosed aspect.

Further, it should be appreciated that, the disclosure is not limited to described ad hoc approach, material and modification, because This can of course change.It should also be understood that terms used herein are only used for the purpose of description particular aspects, and not purport Limiting each the scope of the claims.

Unless otherwise defined, otherwise all technical and scientific terms used herein have it is general with disclosure fields The logical identical meaning of the normally understood meaning of technical staff.It should be understood that with method described herein, device or material class Like or equivalent any method, apparatus or material can be used for the implementation or test of example embodiment.

It should be understood that term " substantially " and such as " close ", " almost ", " about ", " approximate ", " about ", " near ", " close to ", " substantially ", " closing on ", " ... near .. " etc. term it is synonymous, and these terms can such as specification and It is interchangeably used as occurring in claim.It should be understood that term " approximation " and such as " near ", " close ", The term of " adjacent ", " closing on ", " immediate ", " adjoining " etc. is synonymous, and these terms can be wanted such as specification and right Being interchangeably used appeared in asking.

In one embodiment, inner housing and outer housing are connected each other by elastomer rope yarn (elastomeric cord) It connects, the rotation that elastomer rope yarn is used to limit outer housing on inner housing is simultaneously such as existing by flexible deformation dissipation energy The helmet is the same passively to transmit rotating force to brain.In fact, these elastomer rope yarns are functionally similar to mini stretch cord, By the mechanism dissipation angle power and linear force that are referred to as hysteresis damping, that is, when the deformation of elastomer rope yarn, internal friction causes High energy loss occurs.These elastomer rope yarns have special value in terms of preventing so-called Contre-coup brain damage.

Outer housing passes through one or more power absorbers or deflector (ratio between inner housing and outer housing in turn As for example, being filled with the utricule of fluid, flat spring or sinusoidal spring (sinusoidal spring)) it floats and moves in inner housing. In order to maximize be applied to outer housing linear force and/or angle power it is instantaneous reduction or dissipation, be plugged in hard inner housing with The utricule for being filled with fluid between outer housing closely associated with one or more holes in outer housing (can be located at Under one or more apertures in outer housing, wherein the aperture is preferably coated with elastomeric septum), and be used for When being accelerated by any force vector towards inner housing outer housing, by being protruded and Dissipated energy out against elastomeric septum Amount.Alternatively, if it is necessary to keep the surface continuity in outer housing, then diaphragm can be located in inner housing and shell in inside Between body, or it is located at the lower boundary of inner housing and outer housing.This iterate iteration arrangement will need adjacent utricule it Between be separated, to allow the abundant movement of related diaphragm.

In the existing design for being filled with fluid, when the outer housing of the helmet receives the line for accelerating it towards inner housing When property power, the gas or fluid of plant are compressed and are shifted.Because gas especially fluid is not compressible, it is by the power quilt It is transmitted to inner housing dynamicly, to be transmitted to skull and brain.This causes the existing helmet for being filled with fluid to lose The mechanism of effect.The transmitting of power is hydraulic and substantially instantaneous, to counteract viscous fluid transmitting as the shake that dissipates Swing the validity of the means of power.

Due to the elastomeric septum in the present invention, gas that any power being applied on outer housing will be transmitted in utricule Or in liquid, gas or liquid in utricule can instantaneously transfer force to the external elasticity in the aperture in covering shell body in turn Body diaphragm.Elastomeric septum will pass through at the aperture in outer housing or the lower joint portion between inner housing and outer housing in turn Protrusion, thus the applied power that dissipated by the flexible deformation at the position of diaphragm, rather than in passively passing it to The liner type liner of shell.The combination that energy is guided far from brain and resonate or vibrate via flexible deformation and eardrum by the process It is dissipated.By vibration, elastic diaphragm uses the principle of hysteresis damping repeatedly, to maximumlly convert kinetic energy into low water Flat heat, low-level heat are harmlessly dissipated to surrounding air in turn.

Further, bridge joint keeps the elastomer for being filled with the space of the utricule (similar to the arachnoid in brain) of fluid Spring or rope yarn are used to stablize the spatial relationship of inner housing and outer housing, and via the stretching of elastic rope yarn, torsion and even Compression mechanism provides the additional dissipation to vibratory forces by principle identical with flexible deformation.

Pass through the elastomer for combining the bridge joint effect of elastomeric spring or rope yarn and being strategically disposed at external orifice Diaphragm, can effectively dissipate linear force and rotary force.

In an alternative em bodiment, flat spring can replace the utricule for being filled with fluid as power absorber/deflector.Plate Spring can be configured to the spring of complete ellipse, or be preferably formed to parabolic shape.In two kinds of forms, plate bullet Spring outer housing is anchored at a single point or be preferably anchored to hard inner housing and extend to outer housing and inner housing it Between region in.Spring can have single piece (or arm) or include multiple arms around public anchor point arranged radially.Preferably, Each end of each arm from thicker center towards arm gradually decreases to relatively thin exterior section.In addition, the end of each arm It may include bending section, to allow end more easily to slide on the shell opposite with anchoring shell.With use in the car Flat spring is on the contrary, the distal end of spring arm is not attached on non-anchor or opposite shell.This allows end sliding on shell It is dynamic, to allow the independence of each shell when the helmet is hit by rotary force mobile.This also allows the frictional dissipation of energy.It is preferred that Ground, distal end contact opposite shell in a neutral state (that is, when during the helmet being not in and is knocked).

Referring to attached drawing, Fig. 1 is the front view of more protection zone helmets 10 (" helmet 10 ").Outer protection zone is by 12 shape of outer housing At, and preferably by anti-ballistic materials (such as metal, plastics, polycarbonate, ceramics, composite material and this field of rigidity Similar material known to technical staff) it is made.Outer housing 12 defines at least one and preferably (or the aperture of multiple apertures 14 14).The aperture 14 can be unlimited, but preferably be covered by the flexible elastomer material of diaphragm 16 (or diaphragm 16) form Lid.In a preferred embodiment, the helmet 10 further includes multiple protection device for face attachments.It is attached that Fig. 1 shows protection device for face Fitting 18a and 18b；However, the helmet 10 can have any appropriate number of protection device for face attachment.Preferred real It applies in example, protection device for face attachment is made of flexible elastomer material, to provide flexibility for attachment.If pulling attachment Protection device for face (not shown in figure 1), elastomeric material reduce the helmet 10 on rotation pulling force." elastomer " refers in property Any one of the various substances of rubber like in matter (such as elasticity and flexibility).This elastomeric material is art technology Known to personnel.Fig. 2 is the side view of the helmet 10, and it illustrates two protection device for face attachments on the side of the helmet 18a and 18b.The example of protection device for face is goggles and mask.This attachment can also be used for releasable in a known manner Ground is attached to the chin strap of the helmet.

Fig. 3 A is the cross-sectional view of the helmet 10, and it illustrates hard inner housings 20 and the elasticity for extending through two shells of connection The elastomeric spring or rope yarn 30 (or rope yarn 30) in body area.Inner housing 20 forms anchorage zone, and preferably by the anti-impact of rigidity Hit material (such as metal, plastics such as polycarbonate, ceramics, composite material and similar material well known by persons skilled in the art) It is made.Inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 are slidably connected at slide contact part 22." being slidably connected " refers to inner housing 20 and shell The edge of body 12 correspondingly abuts against each other at interconnecting piece 22 or slides on top of each other.In an alternative em bodiment, outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 pass through elastomer element (for example, U-shaped elastomer connector 22a (" connector 22a ")) connect.It is slidably connected Portion 22 and connector 22a are respectively for dissipation energy and keep spatial relationship between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20.

Rope yarn 30 is flexible rope yarn, such as stretch cord or bullet for example for holding the article on automobile or bicycle rack Property " compression " rope yarn or their equivalent.This flexible permission outer housing 12 is relative to the movement of inner housing 20 or " floating ", together When remain attached to inner housing 20.Slide contact part 22 between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 also allows this flying ability. In an alternative em bodiment, slide contact part 22 can also include the elastomer interconnecting piece between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 22a.Liner 24 forms inner area and lining on the inner surface of inner housing 20, to provide the head that the helmet 10 is supported on to user Comfortable material in portion.In one embodiment, liner 24 can seal loose bolster 24a, such asPearl or " particle (peanuts) " or scattered oatmeal.

(or the capsule of multiple utricules 40 in the elastomer region between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 is also shown in Fig. 3 A Body 40) cross-sectional view.The helmet 10 includes at least one utricule 40, preferably includes multiple utricules 40.Utricule 40 is filled with fluid, than The gases such as such as water liquid, or such as helium or air.In a preferred embodiment, fluid is helium because it very it is light simultaneously And it uses the total weight that can reduce the helmet 10.In an alternative em bodiment, utricule 40 can also include compressible pearl or part, than Such asPearl.Utricule 40 be preferably located in the lower section of aperture 14 of outer housing 12 and with inner housing 20 and shell Body 12 all contacts.Therefore, when being urged during collision towards inner housing 20 (and therefore skull of user) when outer housing 12, Similar to balloon is squeezed, utricule 40 is extruded and fluid therein is compressed.Utricule 40 will protrude towards aperture 14 and make bullet Property body diaphragm 16 shift.This protrusion shift motion is by the power of strike from radially-inwardly (that is, towards the skull of user and big Brain) it redirect to radially outward (that is, upwardly toward aperture), to provide new direction for force vector.Utricule 40 can also pass through Bladder walls 44 in inner part at compartment 40a so that another compartment is still if one integrality in compartment 40a is destroyed It will play the role of dissipation linear force and rotary force.Utricule 40 can additionally include the valve 46 being arranged between each compartment 40a, To control fluid motion.In the example embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A, utricule 40 includes two compartments.It should be understood, however, that Any amount of compartment for being suitable for controlling fluid motion can be used.

Fig. 3 B is analogous to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 A discussed above, and it illustrates an alternate embodiments of the helmet 10.Fig. 3 B Shown in the helmet 10 include buffer area (crumple zone) or middle casing between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20 50.In the shown embodiment, middle casing 50 is close to inner housing 20 or adjacent with inner housing 20.Middle casing 50, which seals, to be filled out Fill object 52.Preferably, filler 52 is compressible material, is packaged so that blow energy deflects and protect skull, is similar to " buffer area " in automobile.Filler 52 is designed to purse up or deform, thus before impact force reaches inner liner 24 and skull Absorb impact force.In this embodiment, rope yarn 30 extends through middle casing 50 from inner housing 20 and extends to outer housing 12.With It is in a kind of suitable material of filler 52Pearl or " particle " or equivalent material, for example it is used for packing material The material of body.Due to its " crumple " function, middle casing 50 be preferably configured with it is softer than outer housing 12 and/or inner housing 20 or More deformable material.Typical manufacture material for middle casing 50 is Stretch material, such as latex or spandex or other Similar elastomeric textile preferably seals filler 52.

Fig. 3 C is analogous to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 A, and it illustrates the substitution including elastomer rope yarn 30 and 31 of the helmet 10 is real Apply example.Elastomer rope yarn 31 (or rope yarn 31) includes thick elastomer portion 31a and thin inelastic body part 31b.Shown In embodiment, thick elastomer portion 31a is connected to the outer surface of inner housing 20, but alternatively, it can connect to outer housing 12 inner surface.The thin inelastic body part 31b of rope yarn 31 is connected to the inner surface of outer housing 12, but alternatively can be attached It is connected to the outer surface of inner housing 20.Thin inelastic body part 31b may include single rope yarn or more rope yarns.It is exemplary at this In embodiment, the thick elastomer portion 31a of rope yarn 31 is thicker than uniform elastomer rope yarn 30.For example, elastomer portion 31a Diameter is greater than the diameter of rope yarn 30.It should be understood, however, that elastomer portion 31a and rope yarn 30 can have permission rope yarn 31 are used as acknowledgment copy to prevent rope yarn 30 to be stretched over any suitable diameter of its elastic limit.Position is also shown in Fig. 3 C Power F in 10 left side of the helmet.Power F is directed radially inwardly toward relative to the helmet 10, and represents the strike to outer housing 12, will such as be joined Examine what Fig. 4 A- Fig. 4 D was discussed.

Fig. 4 A- Fig. 4 D is the enlarged diagram of rope yarn 30 and 31 as shown in Figure 3 C.Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B are in Fig. 3 C The enlarged view of details 4A, B.Fig. 4 A shows rope yarn 30, has uniform thickness over the entire length, and at rope yarn 31 In neutral position.In neutral position, rope yarn 30 is in slight tensional state, and rope yarn 31 is in tensionless winkler foundation state.In neutral position It sets, the distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 and the therefore length of rope yarn 30 and 31 are length L1.Fig. 4 B show as Rope yarn 30 and 31 shown in Fig. 4 A, but due to the effect of the power F (as shown in FIG. 3 C) of impact helmets 10 and in maximum pressure Contracting state.When being applied more than the power F of normal force, outer housing 12 is radially-inwardly shifted relative to inner housing 20 (that is, inner housing 20 Radial distance between outer housing 12 reduces).In this case, significant compression occurs in elastomer rope yarn 30；So And nominal compression only occurs in rope yarn 31.As shown, inelastic body part 31b relaxation, and elastomer portion 31a is only It shows nominal compression or does not compress.In the compressive state, the distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 and therefore The length of rope yarn 30 and 31 is length L2, is less than length L1.Fig. 4 C and Fig. 4 D are the enlarged view of the details 4C, D in Fig. 3 C. Fig. 4 C shows rope yarn 30, has uniform thickness over the entire length, and rope yarn 31 is in the neutral position.In neutral position In setting, rope yarn 30 is in slight tensional state, and rope yarn 31 is in tensionless winkler foundation state.In neutral position, inner housing 20 and shell The distance between body 12 and therefore the length of rope yarn 30 and 31 is length L3, is substantially equal to L1.Fig. 4 D is shown such as Fig. 4 C Shown in rope yarn 30 and 31, but due to the effect of the power F (as shown in FIG. 3 C) of impact helmets 10 and be in maximum tension shape State.As applied force F, outer housing 12 is radially outward shifted relative to inner housing 20 (that is, between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 Radial distance increases).In this case, significant expansion occurs in elastomer rope yarn 30, and appropriateness occurs in rope yarn 31 Expansion.As shown, inelastic body part 31b is tightly pulled, and elastomer portion 31a moderately expands.In shell Under maximum shift of the body 12 relative to inner housing 20, rope yarn 30, which can be stretched, approaches or reaches its elastic limit.However, working as When this thing happens, the inelastic body part 31b engagement elastomer portion 31a of rope yarn 31 hits the larger of the helmet 10 to mitigate Power and prevent any elastic loss in rope yarn 30.By using rope yarn 31 as with the spare of the strike of strong impaction Part can also be with even if after rope yarn 30 reaches its elastic limit and being not involved in any rotary force for absorbing and hitting the helmet 10 Realize bigger protection.For this reason, rope yarn 31 keeps the integrality of the rope yarn system of the helmet 10.Under expansion state, inner casing The distance between body 20 and outer housing 12 and the therefore length of rope yarn 30 and 31 are length L4, are greater than length L1.

Fig. 5 A is the top view of a part of the outer housing 12 of the helmet 10, and it illustrates alternate embodiments, wherein can be lifted Lid 60 (or lid 60) is for covering aperture 14, to protect diaphragm 16 and/or utricule 40 from puncture, tearing or may destroy it The similar incidents of integrality.Lid 60 is attached to outer housing 12 by lid connector 62 (or connector 62).Lid 60 is operatively arranged It is lifted or rises upwards at if specific diaphragm 16 protrudes into 14 outside of aperture due to the expansion of one or more utricules 40 It is high.Because can be lifted, lid 60 allows the freely elasticity of diaphragm 16 to protrude through the surface that outer housing 12 is arrived in aperture 14 Top (that is, radially outward from outer housing 12), to absorb and reboot impact force, and also protects diaphragm 16 to make from external force At damage.In an alternative em bodiment, utricule 40 is directly protected and protects without using diaphragm 16 and lid 60.In example reality It applies in example, connector 62 is hinge.In an example embodiment, connector 62 is flexiplast attachment.Fig. 5 B is shown can It is lifted lid 60, when utricule 40 protrudes through aperture 14 and projects radially outward from outer housing 12, lid 60 can be lifted and protect utricule 40。

Fig. 6 A is to show rope yarn 30 being attached to a kind of method that the helmet 10 makes outer housing 12 float on inner housing 20 Exploded view.The cavity 36 (or cavity 36) for preferably including concave side 36a is drilled with or is arranged in other ways 12 He of outer housing In inner housing 20, so that they are aligned.Each end of rope yarn 30 is attached to plug 32, and plug 32 is arranged in the cavity 36 of alignment In.In one embodiment, plug 32 is fixed on cavity 36 using proper adhesive known to persons of ordinary skill in the art In.In an alternative em bodiment, plug 32 by interference fit (that is, press-fit or frictional fit) or is buckled to fix in chamber In body 36.

Fig. 6 B is the section of the helmet 10, wherein plug 32 is fixed in cavity 36.Rope yarn 30 is attached to two at both ends Plug 32, and extend between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20.Also show the middle casing 50 for sealing filler 52.It is not shown Be utricule 40, will be arranged between middle casing 50 and outer housing 12.Those skilled in the art are it will be recognized that rope Line 31 can be attached in a similar way between outer housing 12 and inner housing 20.

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of the alternate embodiment of the helmet 10, wherein utricule 40 by include parabola shaped flat spring 41 (or Spring 41) power absorber/deflector replace.In the shown embodiment, spring 41 is firm at anchor point 42 (or anchor point 42) Admittedly be fixed to inner housing 20.Each of spring 41 includes at least one arm 43 (or arm 43), and there are two ends for the tool of arm 43 Portion 43a, end 43a preferably shape deviously as shown in the figure.Arm 43 is preferably tapered, and is had near anchor point 42 Thicker central part, and it is gradually thinning on width and/or thickness towards end 43a.In addition, arm 43 can with away from The increase of 42 distance of anchor point and the elastic layer of application gradually decreased are laminated.Multiple arms 43 can surround single anchor point 42 arranged radiallys and it is attached to single anchor point 42.As shown in fig. 7, arm 43 extend to buffer area or middle casing 50 (if In the presence of if), and anchor point 42 extends through buffer area 50.Flat spring 41 can also be used in combination with elastomer rope yarn 30. Fig. 7 A be include elliptic spring 41a (or spring 41a) rather than the alternate embodiment of parabola shaped flat spring 41.With spring 41 is similar, and each of spring 41a is attached at single anchor point 42.

Fig. 8 is the section of the embodiment of the helmet 10 shown in fig. 7, wherein flat spring 41 and elastomer rope yarn 30 and rope Line 31 is used in combination.As described above, rope yarn 31 is used as acknowledgment copy to prevent rope yarn 30 to be stretched over their elastic limit.Rope The elastomer portion 31a of line 31 includes the diameter of the diameter greater than uniform elastomer rope yarn 30.As shown in Figure 8, thick part Outer housing 12 or inner housing 20 can be attached to.

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view of the helmet 10, and the helmet 10 includes the flat spring 41 and rope yarn for being firmly-fixed to outer housing 12 30.The embodiment of the helmet 10 shown in it should be understood that may further include rope yarn 31.

Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B schematically show the movement of the flat spring 41 when the helmet 10 is hit by power.In Figure 10 A, The helmet 10 is in neutral state.In a neutral state, spring 41 is on all circumferential positions about the helmet 10 by relatively light Micro- stretching.In fig. 1 ob, power F hits the helmet 10, especially outer housing 12, right-hand side (that is, relative to the helmet 10 it is radial to It is interior).Since arm 43 is pushed to inner housing 20 (that is, the radial distance between inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 reduces), end 43a that This is spaced further apart, to absorb the translation force vector generated by power F.Simultaneously as the stretching on arm 43' reduces, it is located at the helmet The end 43a' of the arm 43' of 10 spring 41' on opposite sides is closer to each otherly (that is, inner housing 20 and outer housing 12 mobile Between radial distance increase).After power F exhausts, the increase that is generated on the arm 43 on the contact side of the right hand or the helmet 10 Stretching work so that outer housing 12 radially outwardly toward neutral position return.Arm 43''s on the non-contact side of the helmet 10 Loose stretching allows outer housing 12 to move radially inwardly, thus towards neutral position closer to inner housing 20.Although not scheming It is shown in 10A and Figure 10 B, it should be appreciated that, rope yarn 30 and/or rope yarn 31 will be used to absorb and be generated on the helmet 10 by power F Any rotary force or twisting resistance.

Figure 11 is the amplification schematic cross sectional views of the buffer area or middle area 50 in the helmet 10, wherein flat spring 41 is power Absorber/deflector.Elastomer rope yarn 30 extends to outer housing 12 from inner housing 20.Buffer area 50 is circumferentially positioned in rope yarn 30 Between and including filler 52.In the shown embodiment, the material of filler 52 is in the shape of multiple cones 54.In an example In embodiment, filler 52 includes viscoelastic material, such asThe combination of material or viscoelastic material. Viscoelastic material provides the advantages of being similar to quasi- liquid of performance, is easy to deform by the power of application and slowly restore, But in the case where no this power, it has the shape and volume limited.It falls inOn material Object generate a large amount of energy of exception be absorbed.Flat spring 41 is as pivotally connected to inner housing 20 by anchor point 42, Buffer area 50 is extended up through, and contacts outer housing 12.In this embodiment, the cone 54 in buffer area 50 is for absorbing tool There is the strike for making spring 41 be deflected by the degree for making outer housing 12 reach buffer area 50 much larger than normal force.Figure 12 is buffering The top view in area 50, it illustrates the multiple rope yarns 30 being arranged between cone 54 comprising viscoelastic material.It should be understood that Be use the utricule for being filled with fluid the helmet may include with viscoelastic material (such as SORBOTHANE material orParticle) buffer area as filler.

Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B are the front views of the hinged helmet 100 (" helmet 100 "), are divided into and being attached by hinged device At least two components.Hingedly refer to that the helmet includes (for example hinge or pivot connector, rotary joint or permitting by hinged device Perhaps other devices that all parts of the helmet open and close together) if the dry part or section linked.Each section includes hard Matter outer housing 101.Figure 13 A shows the helmet 100 in closure and locking orientation.Section 102a and 102b pass through hinged device 104 connections.In this embodiment, hinged device 104 is hinge.It is suitable for opening and closing head it should be understood that can be used Any amount of hinged device 104 of helmet 100, and the invention is not limited to use a hinged device.Preferably, the helmet 100 include one or more locking pieces 106 (or locking piece 106), and the helmet 100 is fixed on closed position.The helmet 100 into One step includes ear-hole aperture 108 and inner surface 101a.Figure 13 B is shown in the helmet 100 for opening orientation.Locking piece 106 is detached from Engagement, so that hinged device 104 be allowed to open and separate section 102a and 102b.

Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B show the front view of the alternate embodiment of the helmet 100 comprising section 103a, 103b and 103c.In this embodiment, the helmet 100 includes venthole 110, and venthole 110 is the opening limited by the helmet 100, from outer Surface 101 extends to inner surface 101a.Hinged device 104 allows section 103b and 103c to pivot relative to section 103a.One Or more locking piece 106 section 103b and 103c are maintained at closed position.It should be understood that venthole 110 can be with cloth It sets in the helmet (for example, there are two the helmets (as shown in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B) of section for tool) with any amount of section In.Figure 14 B shows the helmet 100 in an open position, the hinged device 104 of two of them open with by section 103b and 103c with Section 103a is separated.Figure 15 is the side view of the helmet 100 of two section embodiments as shown in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B, into one Step includes venthole 110 and two hinged devices 104.Similarly, Figure 16 is the reality of three sections as shown in Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B The side view for applying the helmet 100 of example, it illustrates two hinged devices 104 for section 103c.

Figure 17 is the front view of another alternate embodiment of the hinged helmet 100, wherein liner or cushion 112 are attached to The inner surface 101a of the helmet 100.Liner 112 can be with suitable attachment device (such as rivet, screw or adhesive) for good and all It is attached to inner surface 101a.Alternatively, liner 112 can be used such asFastener material, sucker, buckle button Or the attachment device of other releasable coupling arrangements etc. is releasably attached to inner surface 101a.The liner being releasedly attached 112 provide the advantage that the helmet 100 for allowing user to customize the cushion 112 with various sizes, material and arrangement, work as head When helmet 110 is worn, the cushion provides snug fit.Liner 112 includes known to persons of ordinary skill in the art any Suitable foamed material.In both embodiments, liner 112 is attached to inner surface 101a between venthole 110, to ensure The maximum air stream of user.

Figure 17 A is the front view of user, it illustrates such as by the section of the user U hinged helmet 100 dressed, wherein Outer housing 120 is removed.When the helmet 100 is worn, the top on the head of 112 contact user U of liner is matched with providing suitable patch It closes.It should be understood that liner 112 is arranged on inner surface 101a, so that venthole 110 is unobstructed and mentions to user U For air stream.In this embodiment, ear-hole aperture 108 is covered with film or diaphragm 108a.In one embodiment, diaphragm 108a byFabric is made.

Figure 18 and Figure 18 A is the front view of the hinged helmet 100, and it illustrates a sections of the wherein helmet 100 can be nested Embodiment in another section.In Figure 18 A, section 102b is nested in section 102a, and the helmet 100 is in open position It sets.Hinged device 104a is rotary joint, is operatively arranged to keep together section 102a and 102b, and permission portion Section 102a and 102b is opened and is rotated relative to each other, so that the outer surface 101 of a section radially another section Inner surface 101a.For example, section 102b is rotated by 90 ° and is located at the radially inner side of section 102a, or vice versa.The embodiment The helmet 100 is reduced in the total volume of open position, to make it easier to store.

Figure 19 A shows the enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of rotary joint device 104a, the rotary joint device 104a allows section 102a and 102b to rotate and be nested in one another.Cable 105 is attached to section 102b at one end, and Universal joint 107 is attached at the other end.Spring 109 is connected to universal joint 107 at first end, and connects at second end It is connected to section 102b.Universal joint 107 is rotationally attached to section 102a (for example, being embedded), so that cable 105 and portion Section 102b is rotatable relative to section 102a, and vice versa.Spring 109 is by attached section 102b (and cable 105) direction Section 102a is pulled.Figure 19 B shows the section 102a and 102b being opened, and the spring 105 being stretched keeps two sections Together.In addition, convex pin or pipe 120 may be arranged on section 102a, convex pin or pipe 120 slide into and are arranged in section 102b On port 122, with section 102a and 102b connection together when stablize the helmet.Alternatively, convex pin or pipe 120 can be arranged On section 102b, and port 122 may be arranged on section 102a (embodiment is not shown).As shown in figure 19 c, universal Connector 107 allow section 102b relative to section 102a rotate, rear section 102b retracted towards section 102a.Because of section 102b has rotated, so the outer surface 101 of section 102b is nested against the inner surface 101a of section 102a.

Figure 20 is the side perspective view of another additional embodiment of the helmet, wherein outer housing 202 is removed.The helmet 200 includes One or continuous outer housing 202 (being not shown in Figure 20) and the inner housing 204 being functionally connected.It is one or continuous Refer to that shell 202 is formed as individual unit.It is functionally connected to and refers to that outer housing 202 and inner housing 204 are connected to outer housing 202 can be relative to the movement of inner housing 204 (such as rotation), for example for example passes through slide contact part 22 as described above.Elasticity Body area 203 (" area 203 ") is between outer housing 202 and inner housing 204.At least one sinusoidal spring 208 (" spring 208 ") It is located in area 203.Figure 20 shows a preferred embodiment, wherein multiple springs 208 are located in area 203.It is shown here A more preferred embodiment in, spring 208 is the sinusoidal spring with a series of shape similar or identical with sine waves 208, and can be such as the U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2012/00773884 and United States Patent (USP) No.4 of Guthrie, in 708,757 It is described it is such manufacture, the patent disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety herein.

Although being not required for the defencive function of the helmet 200, in another embodiment, in spring 208 at least The distal end of one is contacted with power indicator label 216 (" label 216 ") operation." operation contact " is that finger or device connect It touches second component but is not attached to second component and the second component is caused to work.For example, as described below, the behaviour of spring 208 Make the proximal of contact end in contact label 216, so that when spring 208 extends, it is by label 216 towards the outer of the helmet 200 Periphery is pushed to external position.When spring 208 retracts, label 216 is maintained at its shift position.Label 216 is preferably more Colour table, represented by the different intersecting hachure patterns on the surface of label 216 as shown in Figure 20.

Label 216 is located in channel 212, and channel 212 is located on the outer surface 205 of inner housing 204.It wraps in channel 212 Closed slide 214 is included, wherein label 216 is located between guide rail 214.In this way, when spring 208 extends, the always edge of label 216 The same direction is pushed.Outer housing 202 limits at least one window 210 shown in the shadow, is located so that if spring 208 sufficiently extend and label 216 are pushed in channel 212, then can observe label 216 by window 210.In shown implementation In example, rivet 218 forms the attachment of multiple springs 208 to outer housing 202, to form the radial direction or " spider shape " battle array of spring 208 Column.In a preferred embodiment, outer housing 202 is functionally connected to inner housing 204, so that window 210 is relative to inner housing 204 It is maintained at constant position.Disclosure described herein is related to the embodiment.It should be understood that outer housing 202 is functionally attached To inner housing 204, so that outer housing 202 will not influence the position of label 216 relative to the movement of inner housing 204 (that is, outer housing 202 do not contact label 216).In another embodiment (not shown), outer housing 202 is functionally attached to inner housing 204, makes Window 210 is obtained to change in position.For example, in static or neutral position, window 210 is arranged on outer housing 202 and opposite First position is in inner housing 204.During impact (or just after which), when outer housing 202 is moved relative to inner housing 204 When dynamic, window 210 can be located at the second position different from first position.However, outer housing 202 is arranged to always after an impact A period of time in return its static or neutral position.Therefore, window 210 will always return to first position.It should be in outer housing 202 carry out the reading of label 216 in static or neutral position and when window 210 is located at first position.

Figure 20 A shows the helmet of the alternate embodiment labeled as helmet 200A, wherein outer housing 202 includes overlapping plates 202a (" plate 202a "), extends on helmet 200A and is formed the outer wall or covering of elastomer region 203.Plate 202a can be at Row ground arrangement.Figure 20 A also shows a preferred arrangement of sinusoidal spring 208, wherein three springs 208 prolong along inner housing 204 It stretches, wherein at least one end of at least one of spring 208 is contacted with the operation of label 216.As shown, spring 208 can be only It is on the spot arranged in below multiple rows of plate 202a.Although not showing in Figure 20 A, opposite end in each of spring 208 can also To be contacted with the operation of label 216.Also as shown in FIG. 20 A, label 216 is located in the guide rail 214 in channel 212.Outer housing 202 limits At least one window 210 being scheduled in one in plate 202a, the window 210 are located so that if spring 208 sufficiently prolongs Channel 212 is extended through, then can observe label 216 by window 210.

Figure 21 is the cross-sectional view across sinusoidal spring 208 of the helmet 200.Spring 208 is located in elastomer region 203 simultaneously It is placed on outer surface 205.One end of spring 208 close to or contact label 216, label 216 is located between guide rail 214. The static or neutral position shown in, label 216 are arranged in 202 lower section of outer housing and are not exposed in window 210.Spring 208 can be attached to both outer housing 202, inner housing 204 or outer housing 202 and inner housing 204.The helmet 200 can also wrap Include the substrate 210a being arranged on window 210.

Figure 22 shows the identical view of the helmet 200 as shown in figure 21, wherein the power A indicated by arrow A is applied to The helmet 200.The power can be the strike of impact helmets 200.The dotted line of outer housing 202 and spring 208 is shown in neutrality The outer housing 202 and spring 208 of state.Solid line shows outer housing 202 and is urged in elastomer region 203 by power A.Work as power When A hits outer housing 202, one or more in spring 208 are pushed to compact model, such as in sinusoidal spring 208 Shown by the reduced amplitude of the sine wave of formation and the extension length of spring 208.When spring 208 is elongated, such as arrow B Shown, it pushes and/or is forced into label 216 to window 210.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the length of spring 208 The increase of degree is the function for hitting the amount of power of the helmet 200.Therefore, exposed amount of the label 216 in window 210 depends on hitting The amount of the power of the helmet 200.Preferably, label 216 includes different colors, such as green, yellow and red or other instructions Device, it is therein each to be appeared in window 210 according to the power of strike.It will be appreciated that when the helmet 200 is knocked When, more than one spring 208 can be extended.

Figure 23 shows after outer housing 202 and sinusoidal spring 208 have returned to neutral position, Figure 21 and Figure 22 Shown in identical view.The return movement of outer housing 202 is shown by arrow C, and the return of spring 208 is shown by arrow D.? Spring 208 is retracted into after its normal condition, and label 216 is maintained at 210 lower section of window.

Figure 24 is the section of helmet 200a shown in Figure 20 A, how to be connected to each other it illustrates overlapping plates 202a and Still maintain the ability of the power in response to being applied to helmet 200a and movement.Sinusoidal spring 208 be limited in plate 202a with it is interior Between the outer surface 205 of shell 204.Also show spring 216 operates the distal end contacted with power indicator label 216. Window 210 is limited by the marginal portion 211 of helmet 200a.It can also be limited by one in plate 202a.In one embodiment In, articulated slab 202a is using concave-convex connection attachment, and wherein circular pegs 220 are inserted into circular socket 222.The connection allows each plate It side opposite side and pivots laterally or up and down on pin 220, so that head deflection of some power far from user, while still protecting Hold the integrality of entire outer housing.Covering 207 is also shown, articulated slab 202a can be covered.Preferably, covering 207 ByFabric is made, and integrated covering is provided on each plate 202a, but allows each plate mobile.It should Understand, those skilled in the art will recognize that, articulated slab 202a can be replaced by the hard shell body 202 of one, as above Shown in the Figure 20 in face.

Figure 25 and Figure 26 are analogous respectively to Figure 22 and Figure 23, and it illustrates compressed by power A and back to as shown by arrow A The outer housing 202a of neutral state.As the helmet 200 discussed above, label 216 is remained displayed in window 210, until The amount of the not a half power for quantitatively indicating to hit helmet 202a after spring 208 retracts (arrow D).Semi-quantitatively refer to label Whether 216 degree of exposure below window 210 indicates the first Secondary Shocks with the power impact helmet bigger than the second Secondary Shocks 200, the measurement recorded is more serious in two Secondary Shocks.

The indicator on label 216 shown in window 210 can be used for showing spring 208 move how far, to refer to Show the amount for having hit the power of the helmet 200 and 200a.Known method can be used by the manufacture of spring 208 at suitable calibration Or the stretching of measurement hits the helmet 200 at least to indicate in a manner of sxemiquantitative to extend to length appropriate according to impact force (or helmet 200a) is so as to influencing the amount of the power of user.Screwdriver or Other Instruments can be used to return to label 216 To its neutral position, contacted so that it is moved back to the operation of spring 208.In some embodiments, it may be desired to minimum or foot Label 216 is moved in window 210 by the power enough measured.If impact force is lower than the minimum value, spring 208 will not be abundant Elongated and label 216 is moved in window 210, this instruction impact force is not enough to cause to damage to user.

Figure 27 is cross sectional figure, and it illustrates another alternate embodiment of the helmet 200, the helmet 200 includes label Indicator, so that the rotary force of the helmet 200 is hit in not a half quantitatively measurement.In this view, for the sake of clarity, it removes just String shape spring 208, but those skilled in the art will recognize that, for the embodiment, can make in the helmet 200 and 200a With at least one spring 208.Supporting element 230 is securely attached on the outer surface 205 of inner housing 204.230 area of supporting element 203 extend and contact the inner surface 213 of outer housing 202.Arm 230a is from supporting element 230 generally laterally along outer housing 202 Surface 213 extends.Arm 230a is contacted with tag indicator 216a operation, and tag indicator 216a is located in guide rail 214 and (does not show In out).

In Figure 28, arrow E indicates rotary force, for example, hitting from the certain angle relative to the helmet 200 (or helmet 200a) The power hit.Because inner housing 204 is that stationary (outer housing 202 passes through spring relative to the rotary motion of outer housing 202 208 are suspended on inner housing 204), thus supporting element 230 and attachment arm 230a remain stationary relative to outer housing 202 it is motionless.Mark It signs indicator 216a and is rotated together against stationary arm 230a with outer housing 202, this forces them to move along guide rail 214 It is dynamic.As shown in Figure 29, when returning to neutral position after impact when outer housing 202, tag indicator 216a is maintained at guide rail In 214 (tag indicator 216a is pushed in guide rail 214).If rotary force is enough, tag indicator 216a will be in window It is shown in mouth 210, to indicate that the helmet 200 is struck by enough rotary forces and shows indicator 216a, so that instruction may be right User damages.

Figure 30 is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20.In the alternate embodiment shown in, the helmet 200 further comprise the energy dissipation unit 215 being arranged radially between outer housing 202 and inner housing 204.Energy dissipation unit 215 include first part 215A and second part 215B, they are arranged to be engaged with each other and lock.In the exemplary embodiment In, first part 215A is connected to spring 208 and multiple tooth 215A' including being radially-inwardly facing on the RD1 of direction.Second Part 215B is connected to inner housing 204 and including radially outward-oriented multiple tooth 215B' on the RD2 of direction.Energy dissipation Device 215 further comprises the release member 217 for being disengaged first part 215A and second part 215B.For example, pressing Pressure release member 217 shifts first part 215A radially outward along direction RD2, and makes the tooth 215A' and the of first part 215A The tooth 215B' of two part 215B is disengaged.Indicator label 216 includes return label 219 connected to it.Return to label 219 are arranged in the radially inner side of indicator label 216, so that user can be by indicator label 216 back to shown in Figure 30 Position.The helmet 200 can also include the substrate 210a being arranged on window 210, so that only can be used inside the helmet 200 It returns to label 219 and comes contact pointer label 216 (that is, cannot be by 210 contact pointer label 216 of window).

Figure 31 shows the identical view of the helmet 200 as shown in figure 30, wherein the power A indicated by arrow A is applied to The helmet 200.The influence of power with above for shown in Figure 22 and described identical.However, when spring 208 extends along direction B, the A part of 215A is shifted in directionb relative to second part 215B, this shifts indicator label 216.First part 215A is for example engaged via tooth 215A' and 215B' with second part 215B.In this exemplary embodiment, outer housing 202 exists It is functionally connected to inner housing 204, so that window 210 is maintained at constant position and does not change dimensionally (that is, outer housing 202 at the position of window 210 or surrounding will not circumferentially be shifted relative to inner housing 204).

Figure 32 is shown after outer housing 202 has returned to neutral position, identical view shown in Figure 30 and 31.Outside The return movement of shell 202 is shown by arrow C.However, it is different from embodiment shown in Figure 23, due to energy dissipation unit 215, spring 208 is simultaneously not returned to wherein property position.First part 215A is still engaged with second part 215B and is therefore locked.Figure 33 show being disengaged for energy dissipation unit 215, wherein release member 217 is activated.In an example embodiment, release Part 217 is connected to first part 215A and shifts in directiong so that energy dissipation unit 215 is disengaged.For example, pressing Release member 217 shifts first part 215A radially outward along direction RD2 (or G) and connects tooth 215A' and tooth 215B' disengaging It closes.The return of first part 215A is shown by arrow D, and the return of spring 208 is shown by arrow D and E.Implement in another example In example, it can be usedTechnology or radio communication send the letter when indicating label 216 is displaced in window 210 Number so that another party (for example, coach, doctor, medical professional etc.) know from remote location occurred significantly impact (that is, It need not be in the viewing distance of window 210).Further, it is possible to useTechnology or radio communication send indicating label The signal of 216 position in window 210, so that the party knows the size of the impact of generation from remote location.Figure 34 is shown The helmet 200 after energy dissipation unit 215 has completely disengaged engagement.After spring 208 is retracted into its normal condition, mark The position of label 216 is maintained in window 210.

Figure 35 is the cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20.In the alternate embodiment shown in, the helmet 200 further comprise the piston apparatus 221 being arranged in inner housing 204.In another embodiment, piston apparatus 221 is arranged in Any suitable position being radially disposed between inner housing 204 and outer housing 205.Piston apparatus 221 be include the first bar 221a, The energy dissipation unit of two bar 221b, cylinder 221c and flange 221d.First bar 221a is connected to spring 208 at first end, And flange 221d is connected at second end.Second bar 221b is connected to flange 221d at first end, and in second end Place is against indicator label 216.Flange 221d is arranged in cylinder 221c.In an example embodiment, the work of piston apparatus 221 With buffer or any other suitable device is similar to, so that the displacement of spring 208 in directionb is not suppressed, and bullet The return of spring 208 in the directiond slowly occurs with controllable rate, preferably.In this embodiment, release member is not needed, because Its neutral position is always returned to for spring 208.Piston apparatus 221 can be hydraulic piston, air rammer or be able to carry out with On any other suitable device of function pointed out.

Figure 36 is the top perspective of the alternate embodiment of the helmet shown in Figure 20.In this embodiment, the helmet 200 includes Multiple brackets 240.Bracket 240 is connected to inner housing 204 and is arranged proximate to spring 208.Bracket 240 is prevented and/or is limited Spring 208 laterally moves.The system provides torsion damping and linear damping.Bracket 240 allows spring 208 to be used as torsion bar, To mitigate the rotary force or angle power that are applied to the helmet 200.

Figure 37 is the top of an alternate embodiment of energy dissipation unit 300 used in the helmet 200 shown in Figure 20 Portion's perspective view.Energy dissipation unit 300 includes buffer 301, arm 302, cylinder 306 and barrier 314.Buffer 301 is linear Mechanical device, for a kind of damper for resisting movement via viscous friction.Arm 302 includes multiple recesses and engages slidably in In buffer 301.Cylinder 306 is connected to sinusoidal spring 308 and is arranged to slide in horizontal plane 310 and 312.Horizontal plane 310 and 312 are separated by barrier 314.Barrier 314 includes multiple doors 316, and the multiple door 316 is operatively arranged to allow to justify Cylinder 306 advances to horizontal plane 312 from horizontal plane 310.Barrier 314 further includes door 318, and door 318 is operatively arranged to allow cylinder 306 advance to horizontal plane 310 from horizontal plane 312.

Figure 38-Figure 43 is the cross-sectional view of energy dissipation unit 300 shown in Figure 37.Figure 38 shows in the neutral position Energy dissipation unit 300.Cylinder 306 is arranged in horizontal plane 310, and arm 302 is fully extended from buffer 301.Figure 39 Show the energy dissipation unit 300 during the impact on the H of direction.Sinusoidal spring 308 and therefore cylinder 306 are in direction I is upper to be extended along horizontal plane 310.Cylinder 306 shifts extension 320 and power indicator label 216 is moved to window 210 In.Cylinder 306 also compels pressure gate 316 along direction J.Figure 40 shows the energy dissipation unit 300 during the impact on the H of direction. Sinusoidal spring 308 has extended, so that cylinder 306 is advanced on door 316 on horizontal plane 310.Door 316 is moved along direction K To return to its neutral position.Figure 41 shows the energy dissipation unit 300 after impact.Cylinder 306 passes through door 316 in directionl Horizontal plane 312 is slid onto from horizontal plane 310.Then, one in the recess 304 in 306 engagement arm 302 of cylinder.Figure 42 is shown Energy dissipation unit 300 after impact.One be now arranged in 306 engagement recesses 304 of cylinder in horizontal plane 312. Sinusoidal spring 308 returns to its neutral position along direction M, cylinder 306 is pulled along direction N, thus pull arm 302.Figure 43 shows Energy dissipation unit 300 after having gone out impact.Cylinder 306 is slid onto horizontal plane from horizontal plane 312 by door 318 on the O of direction 310.Sinusoidal spring 308 has returned to neutral position.Arm 302 returns to its fully extended position relative to buffer 301. It should be understood that can manually make power indicator label 216 back to neutral position.

It should be understood that above-mentioned various aspects of the disclosure and other feature and function or its substitute can basis It needs to be incorporated into many other different systems or application.It is various at present do not predict or do not expect substitutes, modification, Variant or improvement can be then made as by those skilled in the art, are again intended to and covered by appended claims.

Appended drawing reference

More than the 10 protection zone helmets

12 outer housings

14 apertures

16 diaphragms

18 protection device for face attachments

18a protection device for face attachment

18b protection device for face attachment

20 inner housings

22 are slidably connected

22a U-shaped elastomer connector

24 liners

24a loose bolster

30 elastomeric springs or rope yarn

31 elastomer rope yarns

31a elastomer portion

31b inelastic body part

32 plugs

36 cavitys

36a concave side

40 utricules

40a compartment

41 flat springs

41 ' springs

41a elliptic spring

42 anchor points

43 arms

The end 43a

43 ' arms

The end 43a '

44 bladder walls

46 valves

50 middle casings/buffer area

52 fillers

54 cones

60 can be lifted lid

62 hinges

The 100 hinged helmets

101 outer surfaces

101a inner surface

102a section

102b section

103a section

103b section

103c section

104 hinged devices

104a rotary joint device

105 cables

106 locking pieces

107 universal joints

108 ear-hole apertures

108a film or diaphragm

109 springs

110 ventholes

112 liners or cushion

120 pins or pipe

122 ports

200 helmets

The 200A helmet

202 outer housings

202a overlapping plates

203 elastomer regions

204 inner housings

205 outer surfaces

207 coverings

208 sinusoidal springs (spring)

210 windows

210a substrate

211 marginal portions

212 channels

213 inner surfaces

214 guide rails

215 energy dissipation units

215A first part

215B second part

215A ' tooth

215B ' tooth

216 power indicator labels

216a tag indicator

217 release members

218 rivets

219 return to label

220 pins

221 piston apparatus

The first bar of 221a

The second bar of 221b

221c cylinder

221d flange

222 sockets

230 supporting elements

230a arm

240 brackets

300 energy dissipation units

301 buffers

302 arms

304 recesses

306 cylinders

308 sinusoidal springs

310 horizontal planes

312 horizontal planes

314 barriers

316

318

320 extensions

A power (power arrow)

The direction B

The direction C

The direction D

The direction E

F power

The direction G

The direction H

The direction I

The direction J

The direction K

The direction L

The direction M

The direction N

The direction O

The crown of U user

L1 length

L2 length

L3 length

L4 length

RD1 radial direction

RD2 radial direction.

Claims (36)

1. a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones, comprising:

Inner housing has the first inner surface and the first outer surface；

Outer housing, has the second inner surface and the second outer surface, and the outer housing is functionally attached to the inner housing；

Elastomer region, between first outer surface and second inner surface；

Multiple energy dissipation units are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing；And

Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, and each of the multiple sinusoidal spring includes:

First end；And

Second end, the second end are connected to one in the multiple energy dissipation unit.

2. the protection helmet according to claim 1, wherein described the of at least one of the multiple sinusoidal spring One end is attached to first outer surface.

3. the protection helmet according to claim 1, wherein each of the multiple sinusoidal spring is all attached at institute It states at the common point on inner housing.

4. the protection helmet according to claim 1, further comprises multiple brackets, the multiple bracket is connected to described One outer surface, second inner surface or both first outer surface and second inner surface, wherein the multiple Bracket is arranged proximate to the multiple sinusoidal spring operatively to limit their lateral and twist motion.

5. the protection helmet according to claim 1, wherein each of the multiple energy dissipation unit is locked out dress It sets, comprising:

First part comprising multiple first teeth, the first part are arranged on the spring；And

Second part comprising multiple second teeth, the second part are arranged on first outer surface；

Wherein, the multiple first tooth is arranged to and the multiple second indented joint.

6. the protection helmet according to claim 5, wherein the locking device further comprises being connected to described first The release device divided, the release device are operatively arranged to activate from first inner surface to discharge the locking device.

7. the protection helmet according to claim 1, wherein each of the multiple energy dissipation unit is piston dress It sets, comprising:

The first component is connected to second end in each of the multiple sinusoidal spring；And

Second component.

8. the protection helmet according to claim 1, wherein the outer housing includes at least one limited by the outer housing A window.

9. the protection helmet according to claim 8 further comprises power indicator label, the power indicator label and institute State the second end operation contact of at least one of multiple sinusoidal springs, wherein when the helmet is by enough power When impact, the power indicator label is moved at least one described window by the second end.

10. the protection helmet according to claim 8, wherein at least one described window extends along substantially sagittal direction.

11. the protection helmet according to claim 9, wherein the power indicator label positioning is in the slot or two are led Between rail.

12. the protection helmet according to claim 11, wherein the power indicator label includes returning to label.

13. the protection helmet according to claim 11, further comprises blue-tooth device, the blue-tooth device is operatively arranged At the position of the determination power indicator label, wherein the blue-tooth device can send this location to remote location.

14. a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones, comprising:

Inner housing has the first inner surface and the first outer surface；

Outer housing, has the second inner surface and the second outer surface, and the outer housing is functionally attached to the inner housing；

Elastomer region, between first outer surface and second inner surface；

Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, and each of the multiple sinusoidal spring includes:

First end；And

Second end；And

Multiple locking devices, the multiple locking device are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein described more Each of a locking device includes:

First part comprising multiple first teeth, the first part are connected to the second end；

Second part comprising multiple second teeth, the second part are arranged on first outer surface, wherein described more A first tooth is arranged to and the multiple second indented joint；And

Release device, is connected to the first part, and the release device is operatively arranged to discharge the locking dress It sets.

15. the protection helmet according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the multiple sinusoidal spring it is described First end is attached to first outer surface.

16. the protection helmet according to claim 14, wherein each of the multiple sinusoidal spring is all attached at At common point on the inner housing.

17. the protection helmet according to claim 14, further comprises multiple brackets, the multiple bracket is connected to described First outer surface, second inner surface or both first outer surface and second inner surface, wherein described more A bracket is arranged proximate to the multiple sinusoidal spring operatively to limit their transverse direction and twist motion.

18. the protection helmet according to claim 14, wherein the outer housing includes being limited at least by the outer housing One window.

19. the protection helmet according to claim 18 further comprises power indicator label, the power indicator label with The second end of at least one of the multiple sinusoidal spring operates contact, wherein when the helmet is by enough power Impact when, the power indicator label is moved at least one described window by the second end.

20. the protection helmet according to claim 18, wherein at least one described window extends along substantially sagittal direction.

21. the protection helmet according to claim 19, wherein the power indicator label positioning is in the slot or two are led Between rail.

22. the protection helmet according to claim 21, wherein the power indicator label includes returning to label.

23. the protection helmet according to claim 21, further comprises blue-tooth device, the blue-tooth device is operatively arranged At the position of the determination power indicator label, wherein the blue-tooth device can send this location to remote location.

24. a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones, comprising:

Inner housing has the first inner surface and the first outer surface；

Outer housing, has the second inner surface and the second outer surface, and the outer housing is functionally attached to the inner housing；

Elastomer region, between first outer surface and second inner surface；

Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, and each of the multiple sinusoidal spring includes:

First end；And

Second end；And

Multiple piston apparatus are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein in the multiple piston apparatus Each include:

The first component is connected to the second end；And

Second component.

25. the protection helmet according to claim 24, wherein at least one of the multiple sinusoidal spring it is described First end is attached to first outer surface.

26. the protection helmet according to claim 24, wherein each of the multiple sinusoidal spring is all attached at At common point on the inner housing.

27. the protection helmet according to claim 24, further comprises multiple brackets, the multiple bracket is connected to described First outer surface, second inner surface or both first outer surface and second inner surface, wherein described more A bracket is arranged proximate to the multiple sinusoidal spring operatively to limit their transverse direction and torsion movement.

28. the protection helmet according to claim 24, wherein the outer housing includes being limited at least by the outer housing One window.

29. the protection helmet according to claim 28 further comprises power indicator label, the power indicator label with The second end of at least one of the multiple sinusoidal spring operates contact, wherein when the helmet is by enough power Impact when, the power indicator label is moved at least one described window by the second end.

30. the protection helmet according to claim 28, wherein at least one described window extends along substantially sagittal direction.

31. the protection helmet according to claim 29, wherein the power indicator label positioning is in the slot or two are led Between rail.

32. the protection helmet according to claim 31, wherein the power indicator label includes returning to label.

33. the protection helmet according to claim 31, further comprises blue-tooth device, the blue-tooth device is operatively arranged At the position of the determination power indicator label, wherein the blue-tooth device can send this location to remote location.

34. the protection helmet according to claim 24, wherein the second component includes:

Buffer；

Arm including multiple recesses, the arm are sliding engaged with the buffer；And

Including multiple barriers.

35. the protection helmet according to claim 34, wherein the first component is cylinder, and is operatively arranged to:

It is axially moved along the barrier；

By the multiple door；And

Engage the multiple recess.

36. a kind of protection helmet with multiple protection zones, comprising:

Inner housing has the first inner surface and the first outer surface；

Outer housing, has the second inner surface and the second outer surface, and the outer housing is functionally attached to the inner housing；

Elastomer region, between first outer surface and second inner surface；

Multiple sinusoidal springs, are located in the elastomer region, and each of the multiple sinusoidal spring includes:

First end；And

Second end；

Multiple piston apparatus are arranged between the inner housing and the outer housing, wherein in the multiple piston apparatus Each include:

The first component is connected to the second end；And

Second component；And

Multiple brackets, the multiple bracket are connected to first outer surface, second inner surface or first appearance Both face and second inner surface, wherein the multiple bracket be operatively arranged proximate to the multiple sinusoidal spring with Limit their transverse direction and torsion movement.