CN110164742A - A kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution based on artificial metamaterial - Google Patents
A kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution based on artificial metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN110164742A CN110164742A CN201910396509.5A CN201910396509A CN110164742A CN 110164742 A CN110164742 A CN 110164742A CN 201910396509 A CN201910396509 A CN 201910396509A CN 110164742 A CN110164742 A CN 110164742A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of the convolution based on artificial metamaterial, belongs to microwave, millimeter wave and THz wave transmission technique field.The characteristics of present invention can change electromagnetic wave electromagnetic property using artificial metamaterial, according to electromagnetic wave incident situation, regular array arrangement is carried out by the unit to electromagnetism metamaterial, adjust the phase of each unit on surface, cause the change of direction of an electric field, to change mode of electromagnetic wave, conversion and linear transmission of the gyrotron TE mode to Gaussian beam are realized, improve larger mode converter size in the prior art, difficult processing, heaviness, be not easy the disadvantages of adjusting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave, millimeter wave and THz wave transmission technique fields, and in particular to a kind of for gyrotron
Transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter.
Background technique
As a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES, millimeter wave, terahertz radiation source device, since the advent of the world has obtained fast gyrotron
The development of speed, service band develop to millimeter wave and terahertz wave band from microwave band, and mean power has reached hundreds of thousand
Watt, for pulse power up to several megawatts, this is that conventional microwave pipe cannot compare, therefore make pottery in radar, communication, high performance precision
The fields such as sintering, nuclear magnetic resonance, the DNA diagnosis of porcelain have great application prospect；In addition to this, due to its output power,
Also there is important practical value in controlled thermonuclear fusion field.Currently, energy crisis is the significant problem that countries in the world face,
Great attention of the exploration and development of new energy by national governments and scientist.Controlled thermonuclear reaction is the generation of new energy
Provide important approach, thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor (International Thermonuclear Experimental
Reactor, abridge ITER) it is the high temperature that high-density plasma is warmed to more than one hundred million degree, to realize controlled nuclear fusion, give people
Class brings clean energy resource abundant, realizes that one of key technology of this plan is that plasma heating, and current ITER
Plasma heating is mainly exactly using gyrotron.
The operating mode of gyrotron is waveguide H mode mode (TE mould).In the waveguide, TE mould electromagnetic wave propagation mode
Divide for the vertical of electric field on the direction of propagation to being zero, the longitudinal component in magnetic field is not zero.Electromagnetic wave is defeated after the radiation of wave guide space
Electromagnetic field out is in open circles cone cell in axial radiation near axis area, and the field distribution and polarization direction on waveguide sections are around waveguide
Axis rotational symmetry, cause radiation energy dispersion, directionality poor, is unfavorable for realizing remote orientation single polarization radiation, Wu Fazhi
Connect utilization.And Gaussian beam has the characteristic distributions of quasi- Gaussian field, can be suitble to free space high efficient radiation and Free propagation
Directly apply.In order to reduce the transmission loss at gyrotron output window, and obtain the mode for being easy to spatial orientation transmitting, palpus
Gyrotron operating mode TE mould is converted into the gaussian model in free space.
Common gyrotron mode converter has quasi-optical mirror surface emission-type mode converter and irregular waveguide mode conversion
Device.Quasi-optical mirror surface emission-type mode converter utilizes multiple mirror surface multiple reflections, and the TE mode electromagnetic wave of gyrotron output is revolved
It is turn 90 degrees realization laterally output, but its volume is big, installation accuracy requires high；Irregular waveguide mode conversion device utilizes zigzag waves
Lead, the special waveguide such as snakelike waveguide converts waveguide mode, but its waveguide segment for needing to grow very much is just able to achieve high efficiency
Mode conversion, requirement on machining accuracy is high, cannot achieve the functionization of high-order TE modes transformation.
Artificial metamaterial, which refers to, has over constancy not available for general natural material with the building of artificial engineering method
The material of matter, property are not determined by material chemical constituent, are determined by its geometry.Electromagnetism metamaterial is to grind
Study carefully and can be joined using a kind of wider metamaterial by the design to array element and arrangement mode with controlled material electromagnetic property
Number.Regular array arrangement is carried out to array element, it is electric can effectively to regulate and control electromagnetic wave phase, polarization mode and communication mode etc.
Parameter of magnetic characteristic, this medium are also studied scholars and are known as artificial electromagnetic metamaterial or the super clever surfacing of electromagnetism.Benefit
With this special electromagnetic characteristic of electromagnetism metamaterial, the characteristics of by being directed to gyrotron TE operating mode design array element and and its
Arrangement mode, may be implemented gyrotron operating mode from TE mould to free space in Gaussian beam or class Gaussian beam turn
It changes.
Summary of the invention
For the problems of background technique, time based on artificial metamaterial that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of
Coil transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter.The characteristics of present invention can change electromagnetic wave electromagnetic property using artificial metamaterial,
Artificial metamaterial size and arrangement mode are adjusted according to electromagnetic wave incident situation, realizes gyrotron TE mode to Gaussian beam
Conversion and linear transmission, improve larger mode converter size in the prior art, difficult processing, it is heavy, be not easy the disadvantages of adjusting.
The basic principle of mode converter is usually according to gyrotron work TE mode and Gaussian beam radiation mode field point
The difference of cloth, by the way that the principle of mode superposition realizes the conversion of initial mode to radiation mode again after the phase shift of part, this is often needed
The space length for wanting guided wave lengths directly proportional to space length could complete phase shift.Therefore to the compact of implementation pattern converter
Change, it is necessary to reduce the size of phase shifter as far as possible.Regular array arrangement is carried out by the unit to electromagnetism metamaterial, is adjusted
The phase for saving each unit on surface, can cause the change of direction of an electric field, to change mode of electromagnetic wave.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
The effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of a kind of convolution based on artificial metamaterial, which is characterized in that including n-layer
Metal substrate, the spacing a of adjacent layer metal substrate are the λ of 0.1 λ~0.4, and the thickness t of every layer of metal substrate is to become less than 0.2 λ, λ
The corresponding electromagnetic wavelength of parallel operation working frequency, every layer of metal substrate are made of m*m square structure unit, the structure list
First side length D is 0.25 λ~λ, and " cross " through-hole, the brachium of " cross " through-hole is arranged in each structural unit center
Ls is 0.25 λ~λ, and the wide d of arm is the λ of 0.025 λ~0.2, the setting rule of " cross " through-hole are as follows: be directed to each " cross
Type " through-hole, using substrate center as the center of circle, the distance of substrate center to the center of " cross " through-hole is that radius work is justified, rotation " ten
Font " through-hole makes the angle θ of its two-arm Yu tangent line of the circle at the center of " cross " through-hole, wherein and 0 ° < θ < 90 °,
Even if incident electromagnetic wave has electric field component in the two-arm of " cross " through-hole；The brachium of " cross " through-hole is according in x
Compensation phase difference needed for the electric field phase in direction and the direction y is adjusted, and synthesizes the electromagnetic wave through substrate integrally in space
Meet Gaussian Profile.
Further, metal substrate number of plies n >=4, square structure number of unit m >=2.
Further, number m >=6 of the square structure unit.
Further, described " cross " the through-hole horizontal arm and tangent line of the circle at the center of " cross " through-hole
Angle theta is 45 °.
Further, the effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of the convolution based on artificial metamaterial can also include
Medium substrate, the metal substrate are located on medium substrate, and the two is fixedly connected, easy to process.
Further, the material of the metal substrate is alloy material or pure metal material, and specially Cu alloy, Al is closed
Gold, Au alloy, Ag alloy, Fe alloy, Cu, Al, Au, Ag, Fe etc., the material of medium substrate are Electromgnetically-transparent material, specifically
For polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), FR-4 (epoxy glass cloth laminated board), FR-5 (epoxy glass cloth laminated board), FE-3 (epoxy resin), pottery
Porcelain, silicon wafer or silica etc..
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Electromagnetic mode converter in compared with the prior art, the effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode of the convolution that the present invention designs become
Parallel operation realizes conversion of the electromagnetic wave from TEmn mode (in a waveguide) to Gaussian beam.Under identical working frequency, existing electromagnetic mode
The waveguide segment that converter needs to grow very much is just able to achieve high efficiency mode transformation, and requirement on machining accuracy is high, and volume is larger, and this
Invent design electromagnetic mode converter under 35GHz working frequency, the transfer efficiency of TE01 mode up to 99.03%, and
Electromagnetic mode converter of the present invention is easy to process, significantly reduce length and overall volume, lighter in weight, it is at low cost, be easy to
It adjusts and installs.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of 1 mode converter of the embodiment of the present invention；
Wherein, 1 is medium substrate, and 2 be metal substrate, and 3 be " cross " through-hole.
Fig. 2 is 1 mode converter structure front view of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is single structure cell schematics in 1 mode converter of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure front view of 2 mode converter of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
It is the effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution of TE01 that the present embodiment provides a kind of applied to operating mode,
The schematic three dimensional views of structure are as shown in Figure 1.
The electromagnetic mode converter includes five layers of metal substrate and medium substrate altogether, and metal substrate material is copper, dielectric-slab
Baseplate material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Every layer of metal substrate of mode converter is with a thickness of 0.105mm, media plate thickness 0.7mm, and five
The spacing of the adjacent two layers of layer medium substrate is 1.6mm.Fig. 2 is the front view of electromagnetic mode transformer configuration.Converter it is every
Layer metal substrate is made of 10*10 structural unit, shares 100 " cross " through-holes.The schematic diagram of each structural unit is such as
Shown in Fig. 3, wherein the side length D of structural unit is 3.9mm, and the brachium Ls variation range of " cross " through-hole is in 3.2mm-3.6mm
Between (brachium Ls1 be not equal to Ls2), the wide d of arm is 0.6mm, and specific each size is determined according to Electromagnetic Simulation result, so that electric
For magnetic wave after each " cross " through-hole transmission, the electric field of electromagnetic wave becomes Gaussian beam from TE01 mode.
Embodiment 2
Electromagnetic wave operating mode is TE01 mode, chooses working frequency 35GHz, every layer of metal substrate of converter is by 6*6
A structural unit composition, shares 36 " cross " through-holes.
When TE01 electromagenetic wave radiation enters converter, the Normal plane direction of an electric field of propagation is being justified clockwise and anticlockwise
Alternately change between shape.Consider that incident electric fields direction is the transient state of clockwise circular, incident electric fields pass through each structure list
Member, using substrate center as the center of circle, the distance of substrate center to the center of each " cross " through-hole is that radius work is justified, can obtain through
Cross the incident electric fields distribution of each structural unit.Adjusting each " cross " through-hole makes it rotate by a certain angle, so that " cross
Type " through-hole two-arm and the angle theta of tangent line of the circle at the center of " cross " through-hole are 45 °, i.e., at this time at structural unit
Electric field be incident on each " cross " through-hole with 45 °.New coordinate system is established using each " cross " through hole center as origin, the
One direction brachium Ls1 is the direction x, and the second direction brachium Ls2 is the direction y, according to incident electromagnetic wave in each direction new coordinate system x
Electromagnetism is utilized in the electric field component in each direction new coordinate system x and the direction y with the electric field component in the direction y, and outgoing electromagnetic wave
Wave phase compensation formula calculates the direction x and the direction y and is respectively necessary for the phase of compensation, adjusts the brachium Ls1 and arm of each through-hole
Long Ls2 compensates the electric field phase in the direction each structural unit x and the direction y, and the electromagnetic wave for transmiting artificial metamaterial is made to exist
Space, which integrally synthesizes, meets Gaussian Profile.By taking the unit on diagonal line as an example, when incident TE01 mode electromagnetic wave, if making into radio
Field direction and the new coordinate system of unit are in 45 °, and incident electric fields Ei has x-component and a y-component under new coordinate system at this time, and electric field can be with
It indicates are as follows:Wherein, ExmIt is the electric field magnitude in the direction x, Eym is y
The electric field magnitude in direction,WithFor unit vector, angular frequency w=2 × π × f, wave number k=2 × π/λ, t are the time,To enter
Radio field phase.Become Gaussian beam to use radio field, in the case where the time, t was constant, outgoing direction of an electric field strain at
Straight down, it is emitted electric field E at this timetOnly there is y-component under new coordinate system, electric field can indicate are as follows: To be emitted electric field phase.To incident electric fields EiWith outgoing electric field EtVector expression
It performs mathematical calculations, the phase that available x-component and y-component need to compensateWithFor example, the 1st of 6*6 structure the
" cross " through-hole that row the 5th arranges, using the center of 6*6 substrate as the center of circle, distance of the center of circle to " cross " through hole center
Circle is done for radius, available " cross " through-hole, which need to rotate 14.0362 °, can just be such that the two-arm of " cross " through-hole cuts with round
Wire clamp angle is in 45 °." cross " through-hole is rotated 14.0362 ° counterclockwise, is then established by origin of " cross " through hole center
New coordinate system, x-component E of the available incident electric fields in through holeix=Ei× cos (45 °), y-component Eiy=-Ei×sin
(45 °) are emitted the x-component E of electric fieldtx=-Et× sin (14.0362 °), y-component Ety=-Et×cos(14.0362°).To out
Radio field and incident electric fields carry out the electric field phase compensation that operation is available, to the direction x To the direction y
Electric field phase compensationJust electric field can be made to become perpendicular in the exit direction of current " cross " through hole
It is straight downward.Substrate include 6*6 structural unit specific rotation angle case and x-component, y-component needed for compensation phase condition such as
Shown in following table, wherein α indicates rotation angle, and to be positive counterclockwise, a is that the electric field phase in the direction x compensates, and b is the electric field in the direction y
Phase compensation.
It include the rotation angle feelings that 10*10 structural unit according to same calculation, can obtain structure for substrate
The phase compensated needed for condition and x-component and y-component.
Structural unit shown in Fig. 3 is emulated using HFSS software or CST software, available outgoing electric field
Intensity is approximately equal to incident field intensity, when phase shift knots modification reaches 360 °, " cross " through-hole brachium Ls1 and y-component electric field phase
The relation curve of position and the relation curve of brachium Ls2 and x-component electric field phase.According to the simulation result curve of Fig. 3 structure, band
Enter to compensate phaseAvailable Ls2 brachium, brings compensation phase intoAvailable Ls1 brachium.It is each " cross " logical
The brachium parameter fortune in hole determines in this way, the electromagnetic wave for transmiting artificial metamaterial can be made spatially to meet at this time
Gaussian Profile.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, can be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or have similar purpose；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or in the process the step of, other than mutually exclusive feature and/or step, can be combined in any way.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution based on artificial metamaterial, which is characterized in that including n-layer gold
Belong to substrate, every layer of metal substrate is made of m*m square structure unit, and one " cross " is arranged in each structural unit center
Through-hole, the incident electric fields that " cross " through-hole is used to adjust electromagnetic wave make it have electric field in the two-arm of " cross " through-hole
Component.
2. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as described in claim 1 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the setting rule of " cross " through-hole are as follows: be directed to each " cross " through-hole, be circle with substrate center
The heart, the distance of substrate center to the center of " cross " through-hole are that radius work is justified, and rotation " cross " through-hole makes its two-arm and institute
The angle for stating tangent line of the circle at the center of " cross " through-hole is θ, wherein 0 ° < θ < 90 °, even if incident electromagnetic wave is in " cross
The two-arm of type " through-hole has electric field component；The brachium of " cross " through-hole is according to the electric field phase in the direction x and the direction y
Required compensation phase difference is adjusted, and is synthesized the electromagnetic wave through substrate integrally in space and is met Gaussian Profile.
3. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as described in claim 1 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the structural unit side length is 0.25 λ~λ, and the brachium of " cross " through-hole is 0.25 λ~λ, and the wide d of arm is
0.025 λ~0.2 λ, λ are the corresponding electromagnetic wavelength of converter working frequency.
4. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as described in claim 1 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the spacing of the metal substrate adjacent layer is the λ of 0.1 λ~0.4, and every thickness degree t is less than 0.2 λ.
5. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as described in claim 1 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, metal substrate number of plies n >=4, number m >=2 of the square structure unit.
6. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as claimed in claim 5 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, number m >=6 of the square structure unit.
7. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as claimed in claim 2 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the angle theta of tangent line of " cross " the through-hole horizontal arm with the circle at the center of " cross " through-hole is
45°。
8. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as described in claim 1 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the electromagnetic mode converter further includes medium substrate, and the metal substrate is located on medium substrate, and the two is solid
Fixed connection.
9. a kind of effective transmission-type electromagnetic mode converter of convolution as claimed in claim 8 based on artificial metamaterial,
It is characterized in that, the material of the metal substrate is Cu alloy, Al alloy, Au alloy, Ag alloy or Fe alloy, the material of medium substrate
Material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), epoxy glass cloth laminated board, epoxy resin, ceramics, silicon wafer or silica.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111430927A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-07-17 | 深圳大学 | Incident wave regulation and control method and device based on metamaterial waveguide array |
| CN111697307A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-22 | 北京大学 | Artificial local surface plasmon resonator applied to gyrotron and method |
| CN111930052A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-13 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent panel, control method of intelligent panel and communication system |
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| CN102479988A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Metamaterial polarization transformer |
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| CN102479988A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Metamaterial polarization transformer |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111430927A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-07-17 | 深圳大学 | Incident wave regulation and control method and device based on metamaterial waveguide array |
| CN111430927B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-21 | 深圳大学 | Incident wave regulation and control method and device based on metamaterial waveguide array |
| CN111697307A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-22 | 北京大学 | Artificial local surface plasmon resonator applied to gyrotron and method |
| CN111697307B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-10-01 | 北京大学 | Artificial local surface plasmon resonator applied to gyrotron and control method |
| CN111930052A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-13 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent panel, control method of intelligent panel and communication system |
| CN111930052B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2024-04-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent panel, control method of intelligent panel and communication system |
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