CN110161176A - A kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt - Google Patents

A kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt Download PDF

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CN110161176A
CN110161176A CN201910539176.7A CN201910539176A CN110161176A CN 110161176 A CN110161176 A CN 110161176A CN 201910539176 A CN201910539176 A CN 201910539176A CN 110161176 A CN110161176 A CN 110161176A
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cod
sample
tested
solution
waste water
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赖玉宏
潘国辉
陈灵涛
向宇
周凤池
谭业鑫
易凡
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Yichang Sande Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Yichang Sande Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/16Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of COD rapid detection methods of production waste water with high salt, including taking production waste water after dilution is handled as sample to be tested, then by the chloride ion content of sample to be tested and several sections are divided into, different anti-interference detection modes is selected according to different sections locating for chloride ion content respectively to detect the COD value of different samples.The chloride ion content that industrial wastewater under actual conditions may contain is divided into 1000mg/L~2000mg/L, 2000mg/L~20000mg/L, tri- sections 20000mg/L~120000mg/L by the present invention, and different detection methods is targetedly used according to section where different chloride ions, to which the concentration of corresponding chloride ion uses most suitable detection method, the interference of chloride ion is reduced to minimum, so that more accurate detects actual COD situation in waste water to be measured.

Description

A kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt
Technical field
The present invention relates to production wastewater recycle technical fields, and in particular to a kind of to detect COD value in production waste water with high salt Method.
Background technique
Water resource is the valuable source of our survival and development.And industry generate waste water, life generate sewage and its His waste enters the water bodys such as rivers,lakes and seas, and the produced pollution is greater than the detergent power of water body.This will lead to many of water body Characteristic changes, therefore the value of water also will receive influence, be detrimental to health, and damage to ecological environment, water quality Constantly deteriorate.Therefore, detect and monitor waste water, sewage pollution condition, and supervise in time relevant enterprise, government department to its into Row processing is very crucial.
In water the reducing substances in need being oxidized summation, referred to as COD can represent to test sample The contaminated situation of product is often indicated with symbol COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand).Currently, the standard of domestic measurement COD Method is mainly potassium dichromate method, and principle is that the potassium bichromate of strong oxidizing property is added in solution to be measured, passes through redox The content of the oxidant of response measurement consumption, and then the content of reducing substances is calculated to characterize the value of COD.Except above-mentioned oxygen Outside change method, the method for some other measurement COD further includes Coulomb equation, spectrophotometry etc..But in actual use mostly Number is potassium dichromate method.
Due to the salt component containing high concentration in part producing waste water, especially contain a large amount of chloride ion salt, among these Chloride ion can be reacted with the potassium bichromate of strong oxidizing property, to influence the testing result to COD, therefore be usually required to chloride ion Carry out anti-interference process.The mercuric sulfate that 0.4g is usually added in the prior art removes removing chloride or is diluted processing, but It is that many experiments show under high-concentration chlorine ion environment, the mercuric sulfate additional amount of 0.4g can generate a large amount of overgauge, and dilute Concentration proximity test lower limit afterwards, it may have very big unstability, it is therefore desirable to which a kind of method is preferably to production waste water with high salt COD detected.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency in the presence of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of COD of production waste water with high salt quickly to detect Method, to solve in the prior art in such a way that the mercuric sulfate for being included in 0.4g removes removing chloride or is diluted processing not The problem of can guarantee detection accuracy.
To achieve the above object, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt, comprising the following steps:
(1) take production waste water after dilution is handled as sample to be tested;
(2) it detects the chloride ion content of the sample to be tested and is divided into several sections, according to chloride ion content Different anti-interference detection modes is selected in locating different sections respectively;
(3) according to selected monitoring mode, it is separately added into appropriate oxidant into sample to be tested and sufficiently reacts, then Reducing agent titration is added and detects remaining oxidant, the reductive organic matter matter content in sample to be tested is calculated, finally changes Calculation obtains oxygen concentration COD value.
Further, the section that the chloride ion content is divided includes: 1000mg/L~2000mg/L;2000mg/L ~20000mg/L;20000mg/L~120000mg/L.
Further, the sample to be tested in the 1000mg/L~2000mg/L of section is in chloride ion content, uses sulfuric acid For mercury as anti-interference agent, detecting step is as follows:
S11,20mL sample to be tested is taken, potassium bichromate and silver sulfate is added, then carry out being heated to reflux for 2h, reflux is completed Wait solution cooling afterwards;
S12 plus 2-3 drop ferroin indicator solution, are titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is passed through by yellow Blue-green to bronzing is terminal, records the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and is converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen, That is CODCr
Further, the sample to be tested in the 2000mg/L~20000mg/L of section is in chloride ion content, uses chlorine Orthosis is detected, and detecting step is as follows:
S21, in sample to be tested be added known quantity potassium bichromate solution and sulfuric acid mercury solution, and under strong acid media with Silver sulfate makees catalyst, after 2h boiling reflux, with the adjacent non-sieve quinoline of 1,10- for indicator, is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate to test sample The potassium bichromate not being reduced in product is converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen by the amount of the iron ammonium sulfate consumed, as gained Apparent COD;
S22, the part chloride ion that will not be complexed and be oxidized in sample to be tested are formed by chlorine export, then use hydrogen-oxygen After changing sodium solution absorption, potassium iodide is added, is about 3~2 with sulphur acid for adjusting pH, using starch as indicator, with sodium thiosulfate mark Quasi- titration solution titration, the amount of the sodium thiosulfate of consumption are converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen, as chloride ion corrected value;
S23, the difference for calculating apparent COD and chloride ion corrected value, as the surveyed true COD of sample to be testedCr
Further, the sample to be tested in the 20000mg/L~120000mg/L of section is in chloride ion content, uses alkali Property permanganimetric method is detected, and detecting step is as follows:
S31, under alkaline condition, adds a certain amount of liquor potassic permanganate in sample to be tested, and heats on boiling water bath anti- Certain time is answered, to aoxidize the reducing substances in water;Excessive potassium iodide is added and restores remaining potassium permanganate, is done with starch Indicator titrates the iodine released with sodium thiosulfate, is converted into the concentration of oxygen, uses CODOH.KIIt indicates;
S32, pass through formula CODCr=CODOH.KI/ K finds out the ratio between potassium iodide basic potassium permanganate method and dichromate titration The measurement result of potassium iodide basic potassium permanganate method is converted into the COD of dichromate titration by value KCrValue.
Further, when chlorine ion concentration is 800mg/L~lO00m/L, mercuric sulfate 1.0g is added;Chlorine ion concentration is When lO00m/L~1200mg/L, mercuric sulfate additional amount should be controlled in 1.Og~1.2g;Chlorine ion concentration be l200m/L~ When 1400mg/L, mercuric sulfate additional amount should be controlled in 1.4g~1.6g;When chlorine ion concentration is greater than 1600m/L, need strictly to control Sulphuric acid mercury additional amount is 1.6g.
Further, the detection of the chlorine orthosis is limited to 30mg/L.
Further, if when containing ferric ion in sample to be tested, the interference that 30% potassium fluoride solution eliminates iron can be added, 1ml30% potassium fluoride solution can shelter 90mgFe3+
Further, if containing nitrite anions in sample to be tested, 4% sodium azide solution can be added and eliminate interference.
Further, while measuring sample to be tested, sample to be tested is replaced using equal amount of distilled water, by same operating procedure Make blank assay, and records sodium thiosulfate amount used in blank test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the chloride ion content that industrial wastewater under actual conditions may contain is divided into three sections by the present invention, and according to Section where different chloride ions has targetedly used different detection methods, so that the concentration of corresponding chloride ion is used and most closed The interference of chloride ion is reduced to minimum by suitable detection method, so that more accurate detects actual COD in waste water to be measured Situation;
2, the method that mercuric sulfate eliminates chloride ion to be measured as anti-interference agent in the prior art is improved in the present invention, it is existing It is fixed as that 0.4g mercuric sulfate is added in every 20mL sample to be tested in technology, but when chloride ion content is higher than in practical operation When 800mg/L, for error up to 45%~120%, confidence level is extremely low;Different chlorine ion concentrations is corresponded in the present invention to carry out It further discriminates between, it is specified that different mercuric sulfate additional amounts, can greatly improve the exclusion to chloride ion, so that error is less than 10%.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution in the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Use mercuric sulfate as the potassium dichromate method of anti-interference agent in the present embodiment.
20mL sample to be tested is taken, the potassium bichromate of 10mL is added, plugs reflux unit, adds 30mL sulfate sulfatase silver, After being heated to reflux 2h cooling, condensation tube wall is rinsed with 90.00mL water, removes conical flask.After solution cools down once again, add the examination of 3 drops sub- Iron spirit indicator solution is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is terminal through blue-green to bronzing by yellow, Record the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution.While measuring sample to be tested, 20.00mL double distilled water is taken, by same operation Step makees blank assay.The dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution when record titration blank.Finally calculate CODCr
It should be noted that potassium bichromate surplus should be the 1/5-of additional amount in solution after sample to be tested is heated to reflux 4/5 is advisable.Every time when experiment, iron ammonium sulfate standard titration solution should be demarcated, especially notice that its is dense when room temperature is higher The variation of degree.
Chloride ion content is set in the present embodiment as 800mg/L~lO00m/L, under this condition, is examined using above-mentioned steps Survey CODCrWhen=9O.Omg/L, the standard standard liquid that chlorine ion concentration is 900mg/L, 1.0g mercuric sulfate, the phase of acquired results is added It is 6.3% to error.0.4g mercuric sulfate is added according to the potassium dichromate method of the prior art, the relative error of result is 94.5%, much larger than the result of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2:
Use mercuric sulfate as the potassium dichromate method of anti-interference agent in the present embodiment.
20mL sample to be tested is taken, the potassium bichromate of 10mL is added, plugs reflux unit, adds 30mL sulfate sulfatase silver, After being heated to reflux 2h cooling, condensation tube wall is rinsed with 90.00mL water, removes conical flask.After solution cools down once again, add the examination of 3 drops sub- Iron spirit indicator solution is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is terminal through blue-green to bronzing by yellow, Record the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution.While measuring sample to be tested, 20.00mL double distilled water is taken, by same operation Step makees blank assay.The dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution when record titration blank.Finally calculate CODCr
It should be noted that potassium bichromate surplus should be the 1/5-of additional amount in solution after sample to be tested is heated to reflux 4/5 is advisable.Every time when experiment, iron ammonium sulfate standard titration solution should be demarcated, especially notice that its is dense when room temperature is higher The variation of degree.
Chloride ion content is set in the present embodiment as lO00m/L~1200mg/L, under this condition, is examined using above-mentioned steps Survey CODCrWhen=9O.Omg/L, the standard standard liquid that chlorine ion concentration is 1100mg/L, 1.1g mercuric sulfate, the phase of acquired results is added It is 8.5% to error.0.4g mercuric sulfate is added according to the potassium dichromate method of the prior art, the relative error of result is 80.4%, much larger than the result of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 3:
Use mercuric sulfate as the potassium dichromate method of anti-interference agent in the present embodiment.
20mL sample to be tested is taken, the potassium bichromate of 10mL is added, plugs reflux unit, adds 30mL sulfate sulfatase silver, After being heated to reflux 2h cooling, condensation tube wall is rinsed with 90.00mL water, removes conical flask.After solution cools down once again, add the examination of 3 drops sub- Iron spirit indicator solution is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is terminal through blue-green to bronzing by yellow, Record the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution.While measuring sample to be tested, 20.00mL double distilled water is taken, by same operation Step makees blank assay.The dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution when record titration blank.Finally calculate CODCr
It should be noted that potassium bichromate surplus should be the 1/5-of additional amount in solution after sample to be tested is heated to reflux 4/5 is advisable.Every time when experiment, iron ammonium sulfate standard titration solution should be demarcated, especially notice that its is dense when room temperature is higher The variation of degree.
Chloride ion content is set in the present embodiment as l200m/L~1400mg/L, under this condition, is examined using above-mentioned steps Survey CODCrWhen=9O.Omg/L, the standard standard liquid that chlorine ion concentration is 1300mg/L, 1.5g mercuric sulfate, the phase of acquired results is added It is 4.4% to error.0.4g mercuric sulfate is added according to the potassium dichromate method of the prior art, the relative error of result is 58.1%, much larger than the result of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 4:
Use mercuric sulfate as the potassium dichromate method of anti-interference agent in the present embodiment.
20mL sample to be tested is taken, the potassium bichromate of 10mL is added, plugs reflux unit, adds 30mL sulfate sulfatase silver, After being heated to reflux 2h cooling, condensation tube wall is rinsed with 90.00mL water, removes conical flask.After solution cools down once again, add the examination of 3 drops sub- Iron spirit indicator solution is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is terminal through blue-green to bronzing by yellow, Record the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution.While measuring sample to be tested, 20.00mL double distilled water is taken, by same operation Step makees blank assay.The dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution when record titration blank.Finally calculate CODCr
It should be noted that potassium bichromate surplus should be the 1/5-of additional amount in solution after sample to be tested is heated to reflux 4/5 is advisable.Every time when experiment, iron ammonium sulfate standard titration solution should be demarcated, especially notice that its is dense when room temperature is higher The variation of degree.
Chloride ion content is set in the present embodiment and is greater than 1600m/L, under this condition, detects COD using above-mentioned stepsCr= When 9O.Omg/L, the standard standard liquid that chlorine ion concentration is 1800mg/L, 1.6g mercuric sulfate is added, the relative error of acquired results is 9.3%.0.4g mercuric sulfate is added according to the potassium dichromate method of the prior art, the relative error of result is 117.5%, long-range In the result of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 5:
The dichromate titration corrected in the present embodiment using chlorine.The chlorine ion concentration of sample to be tested in the present embodiment For 10000mg/L.
Sample to be tested 20mL is taken, the potassium bichromate of 10mL is added, plugs reflux unit, adds 30mL sulfate sulfatase silver simultaneously It stirs evenly, 20mL sodium hydroxide solution is then added and is diluted to 200mL.It is passed through nitrogen and is heated to reflux 2h, stop heating Afterwards, continue to be passed through nitrogen 40min while cooling down.Then addition 1.0g potassium iodide, addition 7mL sulphur acid for adjusting pH to 3~2, It is titrated to iron ammonium sulfate standard solution faint yellow, it is terminal that starch indicator, which is added, to continue to be titrated to blue just to disappear, Record iron ammonium sulfate standard solution consumption.
The container for being passed through chlorine is taken, it is indicator that the 3 adjacent non-sieve quinolines of 1,10- of drop, which are added, is titrated with iron ammonium sulfate by yellow It is terminal through blue-green to bronzing, records iron ammonium sulfate standard solution consumption.
While determining sample to be tested, 20.00mL double distilled water is taken, makees blank assay by same operating procedure.Record titration The dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution when blank.
According to the consumption of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution in above-mentioned three kinds operations, apparent COD and chloride ion are calculated separately Corrected value, and COD is calculated by the difference of apparent COD and chloride ion corrected valueCr
6 groups of synchronism detections are carried out in the present embodiment respectively, the relative deviation of testing result is 6.7%.
Embodiment 6:
Basic potassium permanganate method is used in the present embodiment.The chlorine ion concentration of sample to be tested is 50000mg/ in the present embodiment L。
100ml sample to be tested is drawn in 250ml iodine flask, 50%NaOH solution 0.5ml is added, shakes up.It is added 0.05mol/L liquor potassic permanganate 10.00ml, shakes up.Iodine flask is immediately placed in boiling water bath and heats 60min (from water-bath weight New timing of having boiled).Boiling water bath liquid level is higher than the liquid level of reaction solution.Iodine flask is taken out from water-bath, is cooled to cold water After room temperature, 4% sodium azide solution 0.5ml is added, shakes up.30% potassium fluoride solution 1ml is added, shakes up.Add 10% potassium iodide Solution 10.00ml, shakes up.Sulfuric acid 5ml is added, capping shakes up, and 5min is set in dark place.It is dripped with 0.025mol/L hypo solution It is fixed to solution in faint yellow, 1ml starch solution is added, continues to be titrated to blue and just disappears, it is molten to record sodium thiosulfate as early as possible The dosage of liquid.It separately takes 100ml water to replace sample, does full procedure blank, the thiosulfuric acid of record titration consumption according to above-mentioned steps The volume of sodium solution.
6 groups of synchronism detections are carried out in the present embodiment respectively, the relative deviation of testing result is 4.5%.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this In the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt, which comprises the following steps:
(1) take production waste water after dilution is handled as sample to be tested;
(2) it detects the chloride ion content of the sample to be tested and is divided into several sections, according to locating for chloride ion content Different sections select different anti-interference detection modes respectively;
(3) according to selected monitoring mode, it is separately added into appropriate oxidant into sample to be tested and sufficiently reacts, be then added Reducing agent titration detects remaining oxidant, and the reductive organic matter matter content in sample to be tested is calculated, finally converts To oxygen concentration COD value.
2. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the chlorine The section that ion concentration is divided includes: 1000mg/L~2000mg/L;2000mg/L~20000mg/L;20000mg/L~ 120000mg/L。
3. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: to chloride ion Content is in the sample to be tested in the 1000mg/L~2000mg/L of section, uses mercuric sulfate as anti-interference agent, detecting step is such as Under:
S11,20mL sample to be tested is taken, potassium bichromate and silver sulfate is added, being heated to reflux for 2h is then carried out, after the completion of reflux etc. It is cooling to solution;
S12 plus 2-3 drop ferroin indicator solution are titrated with iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and the color of solution is by yellow through bluish-green Color to bronzing is terminal, records the dosage of iron ammonium sulfate standard solution, and is converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen, i.e., CODCr
4. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: to chloride ion Content is in the sample to be tested in the 2000mg/L~20000mg/L of section, is detected using chlorine orthosis, and detecting step is such as Under:
S21, the potassium bichromate solution and sulfuric acid mercury solution that known quantity is added in sample to be tested, and with sulfuric acid under strong acid media Silver makees catalyst, after 2h boiling reflux, with the adjacent non-sieve quinoline of 1,10- for indicator, in iron ammonium sulfate titration sample to be tested The potassium bichromate not being reduced is converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen, as resulting table by the amount of the iron ammonium sulfate consumed See COD;
S22, the part chloride ion that will not be complexed and be oxidized in sample to be tested are formed by chlorine export, then use sodium hydroxide After solution absorbs, potassium iodide is added, is about 3~2 with sulphur acid for adjusting pH, using starch as indicator, is dripped with sodium thiosulfate standard Determine solution titration, the amount of the sodium thiosulfate of consumption is converted into the mass concentration of consumption oxygen, as chloride ion corrected value;
S23, the difference for calculating apparent COD and chloride ion corrected value, as the surveyed true COD of sample to be testedCr
5. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: to chloride ion Content is in the sample to be tested in the 20000mg/L~120000mg/L of section, is detected using basic potassium permanganate method, detection Steps are as follows:
S31, under alkaline condition, adds a certain amount of liquor potassic permanganate in sample to be tested, and the heating reaction one on boiling water bath It fixes time, to aoxidize the reducing substances in water;Excessive potassium iodide is added and restores remaining potassium permanganate, is given instruction with starch Agent titrates the iodine released with sodium thiosulfate, is converted into the concentration of oxygen, uses CODOH.KIIt indicates;
S32, pass through formula CODCr=CODOH.KI/ K finds out the ratio K between potassium iodide basic potassium permanganate method and dichromate titration, The measurement result of potassium iodide basic potassium permanganate method is converted into the COD of dichromate titrationCrValue.
6. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: work as chloride ion When concentration is 800mg/L~lO00m/L, mercuric sulfate 1.0g is added;When chlorine ion concentration is lO00m/L~1200mg/L, sulfuric acid Mercury additional amount should be controlled in 1.Og~1.2g;When chlorine ion concentration is l200m/L~1400mg/L, mercuric sulfate additional amount should be controlled In 1.4g~1.6g;When chlorine ion concentration is greater than 1600m/L, needing strict control mercuric sulfate additional amount is 1.6g.
7. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the chlorine The detection of orthosis is limited to 30mg/L.
8. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: if to test sample When containing ferric ion in product, the interference that 30% potassium fluoride solution eliminates iron can be added, 1ml30% potassium fluoride solution can be sheltered 90mgFe3+
9. a kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that;If to test sample Contain nitrite anions in product, 4% sodium azide solution can be added and eliminate interference.
10. such as the COD rapid detection method of the production waste water with high salt of any one described in claim 3-5, it is characterised in that: While measuring sample to be tested, sample to be tested is replaced using equal amount of distilled water, makees blank assay by same operating procedure, and record Sodium thiosulfate amount used in blank test.
CN201910539176.7A 2019-06-20 2019-06-20 A kind of COD rapid detection method of production waste water with high salt Pending CN110161176A (en)

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