CN110160063A - One kind containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique - Google Patents

One kind containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110160063A
CN110160063A CN201810140680.5A CN201810140680A CN110160063A CN 110160063 A CN110160063 A CN 110160063A CN 201810140680 A CN201810140680 A CN 201810140680A CN 110160063 A CN110160063 A CN 110160063A
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acid
condenser
valve
whizzer
spent acid
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CN110160063B (en
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阮垚
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RUANSHI CHEMICAL (CHANGSHU) Co Ltd
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RUANSHI CHEMICAL (CHANGSHU) Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/40—Supplementary heat supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/18—Incinerating apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses one kind to contain organic matter, heavy metal, mix spent acid burning disposing technique, it include: configuration direct-fired heater, cyclone separator is set, provided with heat carrier, whizzer is set, negative-pressure air fan is set, condenser A and condenser B is set, start negative-pressure air fan, open fire furnace igniting, so that mist device works, open the compressed gas import on direct-fired heater, open the delivery pump and ratio plug valve door in spent acid pond, connection, which is provided with, in compressed air inlet mends air valve, it opens and mends air valve, it opens whizzer acid and cuts out valve, anhydrous metal salt discharge port is opened, recycle pure acid, recycle pure water step, technique uses unattended mode, work out power-up sequence, shutdown sequence and failure shutdown sequence, present invention process passes through igniting organic compound combustion, destroy organic matter, realize COD zero-emission, realize spent acid Recycling turns waste into wealth.

Description

One kind containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection, the treatment and use spent acid technology in circular economy field, in particular to a kind of both to contain organic matter Mixing spent acid burning treatment process containing heavy metal again.
Background technique
After last century reform and opening-up, a gigantic and vigorous industrial revolution has been risen in China, and China becomes maximum in the world Manufacturing industry country, industrial production is huge, and the trade waste of generation increases, and has caused the serious pollution of ecological environment, environment Pollution is most of from industrial waste, and Chinese pollution administration has put into effect many severe policies, has punished many rings Illegal responsibility people is protected, but imposing a fine is not purpose, is finally control pollution, preserves the ecological environment, the difficult and complicated cases of environment protection field First is that the processing of the organic spent acid of heavy metal, wherein sour water separation is difficult, and difficult, the mine in China is separated and recovered between acid and acid Industry, metallurgical smelting industry, electronics industry, machinery manufacturing industry, IT industry, Electroplating Operations, chemical industry produce hundreds of millions tons of metal per year at present Spent acid, ten million ton of organic spent acid, million tons of heavy metal spent acid, these waste acid treatments produce million tons of huge sum of moneys in the process Belong to sludge and organic salt.
Organic matter metal spent acid refer to it is a kind of containing organic matter, metal ion, the solution again containing acid and water, in the solution Acid loses original function, referred to as spent acid, is mordant hazardous waste, generates in the industrial production, such as polish, be electroplated, Etching, acidleach, the catalysis of acid blunt, inorganic metal salt, inorganic metal salt such as react at the techniques with other compounds.Gold in metal spent acid Category refers to presentation ionic condition, based on heavy metal ion:
Such as heavy metal:
Copper ion CU+, lead ion Pb+, zinc ion Zn+, nickel ion Ni+, titanium ion Co+, antimony ion Sb+, mercury ion Hg+, chromium from Sub- Cd+, bismuth ion Bi+, chromium ion Cr+；
Common metal:
Tin ion Sn+, iron ion Fe+, aluminium ion Al+；
Noble metal:
Gold ion Au+, silver ion Ag+,
Rare earth metal:
Lanthanum ion La+, cerium ion Ce+, praseodymium ion Pr+, rubidium ion Nd+
This metal ion species is blended in sour water under the action of acid group in metal salt solution, and metal salt boiling temperature is up to 1000 Degree Celsius, the acid in organic matter heavy metal spent acid is usually strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and weak acid such as phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid.
Organic spent acid processing mode containing heavy metal is as follows at present:
The first is filled for heavy metal sewage sludge landfill yard after neutralization reaction precipitating, there is also burying in violation of rules and regulations with provisional storage etc., This mode jeopardizes descendants, has endless trouble.
The second way is agent-feeding treatment, a kind of venomous injurant of agent-feeding treatment, can generate it is another temporarily will not be dirty The substance of environment, the processing of the organic spent acid of heavy metal are contaminated, people often select to use lime, and sodium hydroxide and spent acid occur to neutralize anti- It answers, this method can generate a large amount of sodium salts and calcium salt, and China has hundreds of millions tons of sodium salt and calcium salt to be discharged into fresh water system every year, causes Drinking water mineral imbalance, has derived mankind's incurable disease；
The third is the mode of biochemical treatment, and after the organic spent acid of heavy metal removes metal, it is raw to carry out aerobic and anaerobism with biochemistry pool Change processing, produces a large amount of bacteria sludge, current 80% bacteria sludge effectively fills, and 10% bacteria sludge is fired It burns, also surplus 10% bacteria sludge air storage is very harmful, and after the bacteria sludge several years effectively filled or one is polluted greatly Source；
4th kind of mode is to recycle waste mode, currently, experts and scholars, environmentally friendly expert mostly approves this mould Formula, circular economy are the magic weapons of ecological environmental protection, and waste recycling is not discharged, Kingsoft under blue mountains and green waters is just able to achieve Silver-colored mountain precious deposits.
In the 4th kind of mode, mode is also there are many kinds of class, the organic waste acid reuse method of heavy metal, from it is past neutralize, Roasting, extraction, concentration, crystallization develop to state-of-the-art ion-exchange charge embrane method and oxidizing process, and various methods pass through theory Research and practical application it is not difficult to find that each method is a link during heavy metal organic spent acid comprehensive utilization, The Rider example A, Lai Te company charge embrane method, utilizes the mutually exclusive opposite sex of the zwitterion combination same sex in positive and negative anodes and waste acid liquor Attract each other principle, and under the action of isolation film, zwitterion liquid is individually insulated dialysis in respective storehouse, so that acid is dense Degree is continuously improved, and hydrone dialysis is discharged, and this method has process for cleanly preparing environment, since acid ion is soluble Ion, always containing acid in water obtained by dialysis, and since energy of a charge is limited, the acid concentration in concentrated acid storehouse is not more than 15%, otherwise Soluble acid ion can be excessive reverse osmosis, it can be seen that and charge embrane method is the acid for being < 15% by low-concentration waste acid dialysis, Recycle and have to pass through concentration enrichment, film it is at high cost, power consumption is big.
Example B, it is oxidant appropriate that oxidizing process and the organic spent acid of heavy metal disclosed in eight factory of Tianjin dyestuff, which are with nitric acid, Under conditions of reaction generate dinitroanthraquinone, crystallization is precipitated to limits, is concentrated after membrane filtration filters, can obtain centainly The acid of concentration can be with reuse, oxidizing process is the link comprehensively utilized, and oxidizing process removes impurity and is typically only limited to sulphur Acid, and nitrogen oxides can be generated in concentration process, there is the risk of secondary pollution.
Example C, roasting method disclosed in Australian TAIhacu company is that spent acid is made mist, is dusted, is made with pulverized limestone It obtains acid mist and carbon dust enters rotary kiln simultaneously and carries out acid-base neutralization reaction, under the action of rotary kiln heating, vapor is discharged, It obtains silicate and mixes object for cement manufacture, this method is simple and effective, but heat source fuel cost and lime cost are very high, obtain To the silicate of manufacture cement, loses more than gain, be only limited to the organic spent acid of common metal.
For this purpose, one kind has been invented containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique by our company, people is broken The theory that loses more than gain to waste acid recycling, compensate for over method the drawbacks of, creativity and innovation pyrolysis partition method is comprehensive Utilize the technology of organic matter heavy metal spent acid.
Summary of the invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing one kind to contain organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposition Technique generates thermal energy, makes acid group and metal ion Thermal desorption with thermal energy with the organic matter in spent acid by ignition self-destruction Crystalline substance generates the recycling of anhydrous metal salt solid-state, and the acid mist and vapor after being pyrolyzed crystallization input whizzer, removing acid mist condensation Recycle gaseous state synthesis acid, remaining vapor condensing recovery, it is ensured that organic compound combustion destroys, and metal ion is detached from gaseous state, synthesis Sour effectively recycling, superfluous water vapor recovery are pure water.
Described one kind contains organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, includes the following steps:
Step 1: configuration direct-fired heater, direct-fired heater integrally uses cylindrical structure, and bottom edge uses pyramidal structure, is formed without dead angle gas The extraction of state negative pressure, no dead angle material sinking, direct-fired heater internal material are selected as ceramics or steel lining ceramics, and on direct-fired heater Neat gas burner and compressed gas import are set；
Step 2: setting cyclone separator, cyclone separator shape and structure is cylinder, and bottom uses cone structure, whirlwind point Ceramics or steel lining ceramics are selected from equipment material, are provided with anhydrous metal salt discharge port in direct-fired heater and cyclone separator lower end；
Step 3: being connected as one between direct-fired heater and cyclone separator by pipeline, direct-fired heater is generated ash by cyclone separator Dirt is separated with acid mist and vapor body through cyclone separator；
Step 4: connection is provided with heat carrier at the top of cyclone separator, heat carrier is vertical pipe type heat carrier, and heat carrier passes through pipe Road connects cyclone separator gas outlet, and heat carrier material selects quartz glass or zirconium oxide, the heat-carrying gas channel of heat carrier Guarantee that gas is smooth to pass through, meanwhile, by heat transfer in organic spent acid containing metal, the other end of heat carrier is connected to centrifuge separation Device；
Step 5: setting whizzer, whizzer is quartz glass or zirconia material, and whizzer is three groups of centrifugations Separator, each whizzer are cylindrical structure, and each whizzer is cylindrical structure, in whizzer cylinder It is respectively provided with three outlets in shape structure, is that tangent line air inlet, tangent line cut sour mouth and center gas outlet respectively, is being centrifugated The tangent line of device cuts sour mouth lower end provided with centrifuge container A, is provided with centrifuge container in the center gas outlet lower end of whizzer B, whizzer material select glass or steel lining ceramics, whizzer to connect with heat carrier, set up according to gas flow The size of three mouths, it is ensured that gas high speed centrifugation in separator forms different acid layer and water layer, cuts out not according to different layers Same acid and water determines condensation area according to the acid amount of generation, and by acid gas, aqueous vapor is condensed into liquid in condenser A, condenser B Interior recycling.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, the whizzer of this step setting, by mixed gaseous in the state of being atomized gasification High-speed separation, using acid and acid, acid is poor with water density, and mixed gas forms centrifugation layer in centrifuge container, and high density acid gas exists Then centrifuge container inner wall side, and subsidence velocity is faster than other low density gas is removed high density acid gas with cutting out mouth, in this way This is analogized removes in layer, and removing gained acid gas is water-cooled absorption, takes the photograph to 340 for 350 degrees Celsius of gaseous state temperature in control It under conditions of family name's degree, is arranged generally from inner wall, first layer SO2, second layer NO2, third layer HCL, the 4th layer is water Steam, layer 5 are hydrofluoric acid.It can return to former centrifuge separation container when shelling to mix acid gas in stripping process, repeatedly Removing, obtains pure single acid and pure water.
Step 6: setting negative-pressure air fan, negative-pressure air fan uses chip negative-pressure air fan, and negative-pressure air fan uses metal material system Make, negative-pressure air fan is connect with condenser A and condenser B respectively, and condenser A is connect with centrifuge container A, and condenser B and centrifugation are held Acid gas and aqueous vapor are introduced the different equipment that is condensed back to two different pressures blowers by device B connection, realize that acid is separated with water.
Step 7: setting condenser A and condenser B, condenser A and condenser B select material for glass or stainless steel, Condenser A and condenser B are separately positioned between negative-pressure air fan and whizzer, and are provided in the lower end condenser A Pure water surge tank, the lower end condenser B are provided with pure acid buffering tank.
Step 8: starting negative-pressure air fan, so that each equipment and whole set of installation form certain negative pressure, negative pressure pressure is- 800P, while condenser A and condenser B are opened, cooling cycle drainage facility, so that condenser has enough condensed waters.
Step 9: open fire furnace igniting, opens burner, so that direct-fired heater furnace temperature is slowly raised to 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius Between.A kind of optimal technical scheme, in this step, combustion process is that automation controlled burning is set on the burner using wind Altar lamp has been set, by natural gas as fuel, natural gas has been lighted and increases fire box temperature.
Step 10: the connection setting mist device between spent acid pond and direct-fired heater, so that mist device works, and passes through conveying object Equipment is expected, so that the spent acid steam of atomization burns in direct-fired heater.
Step 11: opening the compressed gas import on direct-fired heater, pneumatic plant is connected to by compressed gas import, and Control valve is provided on pneumatic plant, slow valve opening makes mist device there are enough air supplies, and ensures to keep The proportion of stable flare, fuel and air is 1:20, makes mist and expands 1000 times of material original spent acid body surface area, fills into air Amount ensures air burning.
Step 12: being provided with delivery pump and ratio plug valve door on spent acid pond, the delivery pump and ratio in spent acid pond are opened Rate control valve slowly tunes up control valve, ensures spent acid input quantity, and ensure that the load of temperature and burner is mutual in stove Matching.
Step 13: connection is provided with benefit air valve in compressed air inlet, opens and mend air valve, have according to containing metal The detection of machine waste acid quantity determines the size for mending air valve unlatching according to detection.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, according to working practice, spent acid is sulfate mono aperture 30%, and spent acid is single nitric acid aperture 40%, spent acid is that mono-salt acid aperture is 50%, and spent acid is that single hydrogen villiaumite aperture is 60%, mixed acid aperture 90%.
Step 14: setting whizzer, opens whizzer acid and cuts out valve, according to the detection limit of acid, work as acid Content 5%, whizzer cut out valve aperture be 10%；The content 15% of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve are 25%；The content 25 of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve is 50%, and sour content 30%, whizzer cuts out valve Aperture is 85% to 90%.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, this step burning value parameter are general to evaporate 100 degrees Celsius to 120 of boiling point referring to sour water Degree Celsius, the negative pressure air quantity of setting is material expanded by heating volume, and gas volume, works as negative pressure by 2 times of hot-air volume summation Degree is -10KPA, and it is 18 metre per second (m/s)s that solid steam, which separates linear speed, and gaseous state separation rotation flow velocity is 25 metre per second (m/s)s.
Step 15: anhydrous metal salt discharge port is opened, it is certain when being stockpiled in direct-fired heater burning expects pipe and cyclone separator When the anhydrous metal product of amount, discharge valve discharging is opened, discharging must take out 50% material every time.
Using the density contrast of aerosol state and the acid group metal ion of dehydration, aerosol state mixed gaseous rises, anhydrous metal salt Under separate out.
Step 16: recycling pure acid, the lower end condenser B is provided with pure acid buffering tank, when some pure pure acid solution of acid buffering tank When position reaches certain position, sour pump is cut in unlatching, and pure acid is sent to corresponding storage tank or storage upright square bucket.
Step 17: recycling pure water, is provided with pure water surge tank in the lower end condenser A, when aqueous position in pure water surge tank To it is a certain amount of when open cut water pump, pure water is sent to reuse pool.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, the 8th step of above-mentioned steps, using unattended mode, select program-controlled into the 17th step 10 hours one class of dutys of robot work out power-up sequence, shutdown sequence and failure shutdown sequence, realize automatic operation Mode.
Wherein, failure shutdown sequence is preferential, monitors warning device out of control according to mechanical breakdown or online instrument and executes shutdown Sequentially.
Wherein, power-up sequence as shown in Fig. 2, shutdown sequence as shown in figure 3, failure shutdown sequence is as shown in Figure 4, it is ensured that peace Row for the national games, and device is also provided with oxygen content and monitors on-line instrument, fully automatic burner, on-line temperature monitoring instrument, pressure automatically Power on-line computing model, pressure transmitter, scraper plate measuring appliance, double silver fork level on-line measurement instrument, floating ball type liquid level on-line instrument, PH On-line instrument and material convey online ratio plug valve, and the load of negative-pressure air fan is controlled by negative pressure transmitter, once blower opens After dynamic, blower load is instructed by negative pressure transmitter, guarantees that negative pressure -800P in stove, the load of burner are passed by electric thermo-couple temperature Sensor control, it is ensured that 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius of temperature in stove, containing the organic spent acid feeding ratio plug valve door of metal by Burner load control system, the stopping of ratio valve is opened big when burner load reaches capacity when, and anhydrous metal salt outlet valve is by scraping The control of plate measuring appliance, high-order tuning fork signal open discharge valve, and low level tuning fork signal shuts down discharge valve.
Facility opening sequence: opening negative pressure wind, reaches within 3 to 5 minutes -800P, opens burner, is warming up to 185 within 2 hours and takes the photograph Family name's degree opens compression valve, reaches 100% within 20 minutes, then open feeding engine and ratio valve, reach burner load 100% within 60 minutes, The finally independent automatic control of setting anhydrous metal discharging, single acid discharging independently automatically control and pure water discharging automatic liquid level control System.
Facility shuts down sequence, and the first step closes valve feeding ratio valve, and 30 seconds closing valves are then shut off compressed air valve, and 30 seconds Full valve is closed, burner is shut down, is put out a fire within 5 minutes, blower, 30 seconds blower full cut-ofves are shut down, final step carries out power down process.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is a kind of to contain organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, By organic compound combustion of lighting a fire, organic matter is destroyed, realizes COD zero-emission, using the thermal energy of organic compound combustion, is pyrolyzed acid ion It is recycled with metal ion crystallization solid product, then the gaseous acid after boil vapor and acid mist or pyrolysis is first separated and is synthesized afterwards Synthesis acid recovery is generated, vapor is recovered as industrial reuse water, and it realizes waste acid resource, turns waste into wealth, open ecodevelopment, Green Development, sustainable development.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall flow figure containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of power-up sequence of the automatic control containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique of the present invention Figure；
Fig. 3 is a kind of shutdown sequence of the automatic control containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique of the present invention Figure；
Fig. 4 is a kind of failure shutdown of the automatic control containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique of the present invention Precedence diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, the device connection diagram for mixing spent acid burning disposing technique；
The components in the drawings are labeled as follows:
1 is direct-fired heater, and 2 be neat gas burner, and 3 be compressed gas import, and 4 be cyclone separator, and 5 be heat carrier, and 6 be centrifugation point From device, 601 be tangent line air inlet, and 602 cut sour mouth for tangent line, and 603 be center gas outlet, and 604 be anhydrous metal salt discharge port, 701 be centrifuge container A, and 702 be centrifuge container B, and 8 be negative-pressure air fan, and 9 be condenser A, and 10 be condenser B, and 11 be spent acid pond, 12 be pressure-control valve, and 13 be pure acid buffering tank, and 14 be pure water surge tank.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, so that advantages and features of the invention energy It is easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, so as to make a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is please referred to, the embodiment of the present invention includes:
Described one kind contain organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique it is applied widely, be suitble to mining industry acidleach It steeps smithcraft to generate, the processing of sulfur acid metallic solution is also suitble to foundry industry dilute hydrochloric acid industry, to electronics sub-industry, route Plate manufacturing industry can also be applicable in this technique, especially thoroughly recycle to nitrate especially suitable, and it is big that useless dust technology will destroy difficulty, such as It is nitrate that fruit, which adds alkali neutralization to change nitric acid, it is very difficult to thoroughly eliminate the nitrogen oxides in water body, nitric acid is answered in various industries With hydrochloric acid is often combined, hydrofluoric acid mixing application generates mixed waste liquor after this mixing application and is commonly called as chloroazotic acid, and people adopt in recent years With reverse osmosis membrane concentration method, tower rectification method, but always without the pollution problem of thoroughly solution nitride, the certain temperature of the present invention Degree pyrolysis nitric acid generates NO2 and NO gas, and fills into enough air, and under gaseous condition, NO is become NO2, then by vapor With the condensed absorbent of NO2 proper proportion, certain density nitric acid is generated, nitrogen oxides has thoroughly been recycled, eliminates total polluted by nitrogen Problem.
In conclusion the present invention is a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, steps are as follows:
Step 1: configuration direct-fired heater, direct-fired heater integrally uses cylindrical structure, and bottom edge uses pyramidal structure, is formed without dead angle gas The extraction of state negative pressure, no dead angle material sinking, direct-fired heater internal material are selected as ceramics or steel lining ceramics, and on direct-fired heater Neat gas burner and compressed gas import are set；
Step 2: setting cyclone separator, cyclone separator shape and structure is cylinder, and bottom uses cone structure, whirlwind point Ceramics or steel lining ceramics are selected from equipment material, are provided with anhydrous metal salt discharge port in direct-fired heater and cyclone separator lower end；
Step 3: being connected as one between direct-fired heater and cyclone separator by pipeline, direct-fired heater is generated ash by cyclone separator Dirt is separated with acid mist and vapor body through cyclone separator；
Step 4: connection is provided with heat carrier at the top of cyclone separator, heat carrier is vertical pipe type heat carrier, and heat carrier passes through pipe Road connects cyclone separator gas outlet, and heat carrier material selects quartz glass or zirconium oxide, the heat-carrying gas channel of heat carrier Guarantee that gas is smooth to pass through, meanwhile, by heat transfer in organic spent acid containing metal, the other end of heat carrier is connected to centrifuge separation Device；
Step 5: setting whizzer, whizzer is quartz glass or zirconia material, and whizzer is three groups of centrifugations Separator, each whizzer are cylindrical structure, and each whizzer is cylindrical structure, in whizzer cylinder It is respectively provided with three outlets in shape structure, is that tangent line air inlet, tangent line cut sour mouth and center gas outlet respectively, is being centrifugated The tangent line of device cuts sour mouth lower end provided with centrifuge container A, is provided with centrifuge container in the center gas outlet lower end of whizzer B, whizzer material select glass or steel lining ceramics, whizzer to connect with heat carrier, set up according to gas flow The size of three mouths, it is ensured that gas high speed centrifugation in separator forms different acid layer and water layer, cuts out not according to different layers Same acid and water determines condensation area according to the acid amount of generation, and by acid gas, aqueous vapor is condensed into liquid in condenser A, condenser B Interior recycling.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, the whizzer of this step setting, by mixed gaseous in the state of being atomized gasification High-speed separation, using acid and acid, acid is poor with water density, and mixed gas forms centrifugation layer in centrifuge container, and high density acid gas exists Then centrifuge container inner wall side, and subsidence velocity is faster than other low density gas is removed high density acid gas with cutting out mouth, in this way This is analogized removes in layer, and removing gained acid gas is water-cooled absorption, takes the photograph to 340 for 350 degrees Celsius of gaseous state temperature in control It under conditions of family name's degree, is arranged generally from inner wall, first layer SO2, second layer NO2, third layer HCL, the 4th layer is water Steam, layer 5 are hydrofluoric acid.It can return to former centrifuge separation container when shelling to mix acid gas in stripping process, repeatedly Removing, obtains pure single acid and pure water.
Step 6: setting negative-pressure air fan, negative-pressure air fan uses chip negative-pressure air fan, and negative-pressure air fan uses metal material system Make, negative-pressure air fan is connect with condenser A and condenser B respectively, and condenser A is connect with centrifuge container A, and condenser B and centrifugation are held Acid gas and aqueous vapor are introduced the different equipment that is condensed back to two different pressures blowers by device B connection, realize that acid is separated with water.
Step 7: setting condenser A and condenser B, condenser A and condenser B select material for glass or stainless steel, Condenser A and condenser B are separately positioned between negative-pressure air fan and whizzer, and are provided in the lower end condenser A Pure water surge tank, the lower end condenser B are provided with pure acid buffering tank.
Step 8: starting negative-pressure air fan, so that each equipment and whole set of installation form certain negative pressure, negative pressure pressure is- 800P, while condenser A and condenser B are opened, cooling cycle drainage facility, so that condenser has enough condensed waters.
Step 9: open fire furnace igniting, opens burner, so that direct-fired heater furnace temperature is slowly raised to 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius Between.A kind of optimal technical scheme, in this step, combustion process is that automation controlled burning is set on the burner using wind Altar lamp has been set, by natural gas as fuel, natural gas has been lighted and increases fire box temperature.
Step 10: the connection setting mist device between spent acid pond and direct-fired heater, so that mist device works, and passes through conveying object Equipment is expected, so that the spent acid steam of atomization burns in direct-fired heater.
Step 11: opening the compressed gas import on direct-fired heater, pneumatic plant is connected to by compressed gas import, and Control valve is provided on pneumatic plant, slow valve opening makes mist device there are enough air supplies, and ensures to keep The proportion of stable flare, fuel and air is 1:20, makes mist and expands 1000 times of material original spent acid body surface area, fills into air Amount ensures air burning.
Step 12: being provided with delivery pump and ratio plug valve door on spent acid pond, the delivery pump and ratio in spent acid pond are opened Rate control valve slowly tunes up control valve, ensures spent acid input quantity, and ensure that the load of temperature and burner is mutual in stove Matching.
Step 13: connection is provided with benefit air valve in compressed air inlet, opens and mend air valve, have according to containing metal The detection of machine waste acid quantity determines the size for mending air valve unlatching according to detection.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, according to working practice, spent acid is sulfate mono aperture 30%, and spent acid is single nitric acid aperture 40%, spent acid is that mono-salt acid aperture is 50%, and spent acid is that single hydrogen villiaumite aperture is 60%, mixed acid aperture 90%.
Step 14: setting whizzer, opens whizzer acid and cuts out valve, according to the detection limit of acid, work as acid Content 5%, whizzer cut out valve aperture be 10%；The content 15% of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve are 25%；The content 25 of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve is 50%, and sour content 30%, whizzer cuts out valve Aperture is 85% to 90%.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, this step burning value parameter are general to evaporate 100 degrees Celsius to 120 of boiling point referring to sour water Degree Celsius, the negative pressure air quantity of setting is material expanded by heating volume, and gas volume, works as negative pressure by 2 times of hot-air volume summation Degree is -10KPA, and it is 18 metre per second (m/s)s that solid steam, which separates linear speed, and gaseous state separation rotation flow velocity is 25 metre per second (m/s)s.
Step 15: anhydrous metal salt discharge port is opened, it is certain when being stockpiled in direct-fired heater burning expects pipe and cyclone separator When the anhydrous metal product of amount, discharge valve discharging is opened, discharging must take out 50% material every time.
Using the density contrast of aerosol state and the acid group metal ion of dehydration, aerosol state mixed gaseous rises, anhydrous metal salt Under separate out.
Step 16: recycling pure acid, the lower end condenser B is provided with pure acid buffering tank, when some pure pure acid solution of acid buffering tank When position reaches certain position, sour pump is cut in unlatching, and pure acid is sent to corresponding storage tank or storage upright square bucket.
Step 17: recycling pure water, is provided with pure water surge tank in the lower end condenser A, when aqueous position in pure water surge tank To it is a certain amount of when open cut water pump, pure water is sent to reuse pool.
A kind of optimal technical scheme, the 8th step of above-mentioned steps, using unattended mode, select program-controlled into the 17th step 10 hours one class of dutys of robot work out power-up sequence, shutdown sequence and failure shutdown sequence, realize automatic operation Mode.
Wherein, failure shutdown sequence is preferential, monitors warning device out of control according to mechanical breakdown or online instrument and executes shutdown Sequentially.
Wherein, power-up sequence as shown in Fig. 2, shutdown sequence as shown in figure 3, failure shutdown sequence is as shown in Figure 4, it is ensured that peace Row for the national games, and device is also provided with oxygen content and monitors on-line instrument, fully automatic burner, on-line temperature monitoring instrument, pressure automatically Power on-line computing model, pressure transmitter, scraper plate measuring appliance, double silver fork level on-line measurement instrument, floating ball type liquid level on-line instrument, PH On-line instrument and material convey online ratio plug valve, and the load of negative-pressure air fan is controlled by negative pressure transmitter, once blower opens After dynamic, blower load is instructed by negative pressure transmitter, guarantees that negative pressure -800P in stove, the load of burner are passed by electric thermo-couple temperature Sensor control, it is ensured that 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius of temperature in stove, containing the organic spent acid feeding ratio plug valve door of metal by Burner load control system, the stopping of ratio valve is opened big when burner load reaches capacity when, and anhydrous metal salt outlet valve is by scraping The control of plate measuring appliance, high-order tuning fork signal open discharge valve, and low level tuning fork signal shuts down discharge valve.
Facility opening sequence: opening negative pressure wind, reaches within 3 to 5 minutes -800P, opens burner, is warming up to 185 within 2 hours and takes the photograph Family name's degree opens compression valve, reaches 100% within 20 minutes, then open feeding engine and ratio valve, reach burner load 100% within 60 minutes, The finally independent automatic control of setting anhydrous metal discharging, single acid discharging independently automatically control and pure water discharging automatic liquid level control System.
Facility shuts down sequence, and the first step closes valve feeding ratio valve, and 30 seconds closing valves are then shut off compressed air valve, and 30 seconds Full valve is closed, burner is shut down, is put out a fire within 5 minutes, blower, 30 seconds blower full cut-ofves are shut down, final step carries out power down process.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. one kind contains organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique characterized by comprising following steps:
Step 1: configuration direct-fired heater, direct-fired heater integrally uses cylindrical structure, and bottom edge uses pyramidal structure, material inside direct-fired heater Material is selected as ceramics or steel lining ceramics, and neat gas burner and compressed gas import are arranged on direct-fired heater；
Step 2: setting cyclone separator, cyclone separator shape and structure is cylinder, and bottom uses cone structure, whirlwind point Ceramics or steel lining ceramics are selected from equipment material, are provided with anhydrous metal salt discharge port in direct-fired heater and cyclone separator lower end；
Step 3: being connected as one between direct-fired heater and cyclone separator by pipeline, direct-fired heater is generated ash by cyclone separator Dirt is separated with acid mist and vapor body through cyclone separator；
Step 4: connection is provided with heat carrier at the top of cyclone separator, heat carrier is vertical pipe type heat carrier, and heat carrier passes through pipe Road connects cyclone separator gas outlet, and heat carrier material selects quartz glass or zirconium oxide, the heat-carrying gas channel of heat carrier Guarantee that gas is smooth to pass through, meanwhile, by heat transfer in organic spent acid containing metal, the other end of heat carrier is connected to centrifuge separation Device；
Step 5: setting whizzer, whizzer is quartz glass or zirconia material, and whizzer is three groups of centrifugations Separator, each whizzer are cylindrical structure, and each whizzer is cylindrical structure, in whizzer cylinder It is respectively provided with three outlets in shape structure, is that tangent line air inlet, tangent line cut sour mouth and center gas outlet respectively, is being centrifugated The tangent line of device cuts sour mouth lower end provided with centrifuge container A, is provided with centrifuge container in the center gas outlet lower end of whizzer B, whizzer material select glass or steel lining ceramics, whizzer to connect with heat carrier, set up according to gas flow The size of three mouths, it is ensured that gas high speed centrifugation in separator forms different acid layer and water layer, cuts out not according to different layers Same acid and water determines condensation area according to the acid amount of generation, and by acid gas, aqueous vapor is condensed into liquid in condenser A, condenser B Interior recycling；
Step 6: setting negative-pressure air fan, negative-pressure air fan uses chip negative-pressure air fan, and negative-pressure air fan is made of metal material, bears Pressure fan is connect with condenser A and condenser B respectively, and condenser A is connect with centrifuge container A, and condenser B and centrifuge container B connect It connects, with two different pressures blowers, acid gas and aqueous vapor is introduced to the different equipment that is condensed back to, realize that acid is separated with water；
Step 7: setting condenser A and condenser B, condenser A and condenser B select material for glass or stainless steel, condense Device A and condenser B are separately positioned between negative-pressure air fan and whizzer, and are being provided with pure water in the lower end condenser A Surge tank, the lower end condenser B are provided with pure acid buffering tank；
Step 8: starting negative-pressure air fan, so that each equipment and whole set of installation form certain negative pressure, negative pressure pressure is -800P, Condenser A and condenser B, cooling cycle drainage facility are opened simultaneously, so that condenser there are enough condensed waters；
Step 9: open fire furnace igniting, opens burner so that direct-fired heater furnace temperature be slowly raised to 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius it Between；
Step 10: the connection setting mist device between spent acid pond and direct-fired heater, so that mist device works, and is set by conveying material It is standby, so that the spent acid steam of atomization burns in direct-fired heater；
Step 11: opening the compressed gas import on direct-fired heater, pneumatic plant is connected to by compressed gas import, and pressing Control valve is provided on contracting air device, slow valve opening makes mist device there are enough air supplies, and fuel and air are matched Than being 1:20；
Step 12: being provided with delivery pump and ratio plug valve door on spent acid pond, the delivery pump and ratio tune in spent acid pond are opened Valve is saved, control valve is slowly tuned up, ensures spent acid input quantity, and ensure mutual of the load of temperature and burner in stove Match；
Step 13: connection is provided with benefit air valve in compressed air inlet, opens and mend air valve, according to organic waste containing metal The detection of acid amount determines the size that benefit air valve is opened according to detection；
Step 14: setting whizzer, opens whizzer acid and cuts out valve, according to the detection limit of acid, when containing for acid Amount 5%, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve is 10%；The content 15% of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve is 25%； The content 25 of acid, the aperture that whizzer cuts out valve is 50%, and sour content 30%, whizzer cuts out the aperture of valve It is 85% to 90%；
Step 15: anhydrous metal salt discharge port is opened, it is a certain amount of when being stockpiled in direct-fired heater burning expects pipe and cyclone separator When anhydrous metal product, discharge valve discharging is opened, discharging must take out 50% material every time；
Step 16: recycling pure acid, the lower end condenser B is provided with pure acid buffering tank, when some pure pure acid solution position of acid buffering tank reaches When to certain position, sour pump is cut in unlatching, and pure acid is sent to corresponding storage tank or storage upright square bucket；
Step 17: recycling pure water, is provided with pure water surge tank in the lower end condenser A, when in pure water surge tank aqueous position to one It is opened when quantitative and cuts water pump, pure water is sent to reuse pool.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, feature exists In in the 9th step, combustion process is automation controlled burning, using wind, is provided with altar lamp on the burner, leads to Natural gas is crossed as fuel, natural gas is lighted and increases fire box temperature.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, feature exists In, in the 13rd step, spent acid is that sulfate mono mends air valve aperture 30%, and spent acid is that single nitric acid mends air valve aperture 40%, Spent acid is that mono-salt acid benefit air valve aperture is 50%, and spent acid is that single hydrogen villiaumite benefit air valve aperture is 60%, and mixed acid mends air valve Aperture 90%.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, feature exists In the 8th step of above-mentioned steps, using unattended mode, selects programmable robot's one class of work in 10 hours into the 17th step System works out power-up sequence, shutdown sequence and failure shutdown sequence, realizes automatic operation mode, wherein failure shutdown sequence Preferentially, warning device out of control is monitored according to mechanical breakdown or online instrument execute shutdown sequence.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of containing organic matter, heavy metal, mixing spent acid burning disposing technique, feature exists It is also provided with oxygen content in, disposing technique and monitors on-line instrument, fully automatic burner, on-line temperature monitoring instrument, pressure automatically and exist Line monitor, pressure transmitter, scraper plate measuring appliance, double silver fork level on-line measurement instrument, floating ball type liquid level on-line instrument, PH are online Instrument and material convey online ratio plug valve, and the load of negative-pressure air fan is controlled by negative pressure transmitter, after blower starting, Blower load is instructed by negative pressure transmitter, guarantees negative pressure -800P in stove, the load of burner is by thermocouple temperature sensor control System, it is ensured that 185 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius of temperature in stove, organic spent acid feeding ratio plug valve door containing metal is by burner Load control system, the stopping of ratio valve is opened big when burner load reaches capacity when, and anhydrous metal salt outlet valve is measured by scraper plate Device control, high-order tuning fork signal open discharge valve, and low level tuning fork signal shuts down discharge valve.
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CN112939358A (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-11 内蒙古包钢集团环境工程研究院有限公司 Phenol-cyanogen wastewater reduction method
CN112939358B (en) * 2021-02-05 2021-11-26 内蒙古包钢集团环境工程研究院有限公司 Phenol-cyanogen wastewater reduction method

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