CN110158546B - Emergency protection structure and protection method for earth and rockfill dam and earth and rockfill dam backwater slope - Google Patents
Emergency protection structure and protection method for earth and rockfill dam and earth and rockfill dam backwater slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN110158546B CN110158546B CN201910281186.5A CN201910281186A CN110158546B CN 110158546 B CN110158546 B CN 110158546B CN 201910281186 A CN201910281186 A CN 201910281186A CN 110158546 B CN110158546 B CN 110158546B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
Abstract
The invention discloses an emergency protective structure and protective measures for an earth-rock dam and an earth-rock dam back slope, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The protective measures mainly comprise the steps of embedding the hook and the wave wall, installing the fixing component, paving the antiscour and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material, and fixing the hook component and the fixing component to the antiscour and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to an emergency protection structure and a protection method for an earth-rock dam and an earth-rock dam back water slope.
Background
The earth-rock dam and the dike are water retaining buildings which are widely applied in hydraulic engineering and have excellent benefits, the earth-rock dam has the advantages of low material requirements, locally available materials, simpler construction process than a concrete gravity dam and an arch dam, stronger adaptability to deformation of the dam body and the like in the construction process, and meanwhile, the environmental, social and economic benefits of the earth-rock dam and the dike are obvious. However, when the dam and the embankment encounter flood exceeding the design standard, the earth-rock dam and the earth-rock embankment are often broken by overtopping and erosion, and even the dam of the reservoir is broken and the embankment is broken, thereby bringing huge economic loss and personnel loss to local residents. In order to relieve the situation, the invention designs a corresponding emergency protection method for the backwater slope, which can prevent overtopping flood from eroding the dam body to a great extent and reduce the risk of overtopping and bursting of earth-rock dams and earth-rock dikes. Therefore, the emergency protection method is additionally arranged on the earth-rock dam and the water slope behind the earth-rock dike, so that the risk of overtopping and bursting of the earth-rock dam and the earth-rock dike is greatly reduced, the occurrence of bursting of the earth-rock dam and the earth-rock dike is reduced, and the life safety and property safety of people at the downstream and at two banks are guaranteed to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides an emergent protective structure and construction method that is used for earth and rockfill dam, earth and rockfill breakwater.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an emergency protection structure for earth and rockfill dams and back slopes of earth and rockfill dams comprises a plurality of anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials, a hook component and a fixing component, wherein the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials are sequentially laid on a wave wall and the back slopes along the axis of the dam or the bank, the hook component is used for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials on the wave wall, the fixing component is used for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials on the back slopes, the hook component comprises a plurality of hooks sequentially arranged along the axis direction of the dam or the bank, the hooks are arranged on the wave wall, the hook heads face one side of the water slope, hook holes are formed in the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials are sequentially and continuously spliced and laid on the wave wall and the back slopes along the axis direction of the dam or the bank and are hung on the hooks through the hook holes, the hooks, and an overlapping area is formed, each fixing component comprises a fixing part, an upper pressing block, a connecting piece and a lower cushion block, through holes I are formed in the positions, coincident with the fixing parts, of the two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials in the overlapping area, the connecting pieces penetrate through the through holes I, the upper ends of the through holes I are connected with the upper pressing blocks, the lower ends of the through holes I are connected with the lower cushion blocks, the lower cushion blocks are anchored on the fixing parts, and the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials are fixed on the fixing component on the backwater slope through the upper pressing blocks.
Furthermore, the fixing part is a plurality of strip-shaped fixing plates arranged from top to bottom along the axis direction of the dam or the dyke.
Alternatively, the fixing part is a structure formed by criss-cross rectangular plates along and perpendicular to the axial direction of the dam or dyke.
More preferably, go up the briquetting for flat, its shape can be the rectangle with the chamfer, have the criss-cross platelike, oval or regular hexagon of chamfer, go up and have a plurality of archs that distribute and direction down along central equidistance on the briquetting, the cushion corresponds unanimously with last briquetting shape down, and is equipped with the patchhole with above-mentioned protruding one-to-one on the cushion down the through-hole one on the anti-scouring prevention seepage-proofing composite geotechnique material also is equipped with the through-hole two with above-mentioned protruding one-to-one all around, goes up each arch on the briquetting and from top to bottom passes through the through-hole two on the anti-scouring prevention seepage-proofing composite geotechnique material and the patchhole on the cushion down in proper order, just protruding with be.
Furthermore, the connecting piece specifically is a connecting sleeve, a third through hole is formed in the middle of the lower cushion block, the connecting sleeve can penetrate through the third through hole and can be detachably connected with the third through hole, a magnet is buried in the position, corresponding to the third through hole, inside the fixing portion, of the connecting sleeve, an iron block capable of attracting the iron block is arranged in the connecting sleeve, and a detachable cover plate is arranged on the lower cushion block. The connection strength between the upper pressing block and the lower cushion block can be further reinforced through the attraction force between the magnets and the iron blocks, and the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material can be prevented from moving.
Further, the fixing component is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant materials.
Still further, the fixing member is selected from any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, ABS plastic or F46 resin. The thicknesses of the upper pressing block and the lower cushion block are both 6-12mm, and the upper pressing block and the lower cushion block are not limited in practical application and can be flexibly changed according to practical conditions.
Furthermore, the scouring-resistant and seepage-proof composite geotechnical material is prepared by extruding three layers of materials, namely PET cloth, geomembrane and geotechnical cloth at high temperature, and has the advantages of high-speed water flow scouring resistance, seepage resistance, dam foundation and embankment soil and stone protection and the like.
As an improvement, the scouring-resistant and seepage-proofing composite geotechnical material is prepared by compounding PET cloth, a framework material, geotechnical cloth and a modified asphalt waterproof layer material, wherein the framework material is selected from elastic resin materials such as Flexible resin or elastic plastic materials such as TPEE;
the preparation method of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material comprises the following steps:
(1) making the framework material into long strips and arranging the long strips in a crossed manner to form a planar mesh structure;
(2) and (2) extruding and compounding the PET cloth, the framework material of the planar net structure in the step (1) and the geotextile layer at high temperature, and then rolling and compounding the PET cloth, the framework material of the planar net structure and the geotextile layer with the modified asphalt waterproof layer by using a hot roller to obtain the scour resistance and seepage prevention composite geotextile material.
Compared with the anti-seepage material in the prior art, the anti-scouring anti-seepage composite geotechnical material prepared by the method has better corrosion resistance, high-speed water flow scouring resistance, water resistance and anti-seepage performance.
The emergency protection method for the earth-rock dam and the water slope behind the earth-rock dam comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the size of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material, the arrangement density of the hooks, the arrangement density of the fixing components and the arrangement density of the lower cushion blocks on the fixing components according to the slope ratio of the earth-rock dam and the back water slope of the earth-rock dam, the dam height and the rain collecting area of the reservoir;
s2: drilling holes in the wave wall according to the determined hook density, fixing the hooks through the drilled holes by using bolts after the drilling is finished, determining the diameter of the hooks according to the dam height and the rain collecting area, and sequentially installing the hooks required by the whole dam body by the same method; in the installation process, the hook is ensured to be parallel to the axis of the dam, and the offset is controlled to be 1-4%;
s3: fixing the fixing parts of the fixing components on the backwater slope from top to bottom at equal intervals, and installing the lower cushion block on the fixing parts;
s4: the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials are transferred to the dam top to be hooked with the hook, then roll down from top to bottom, are adjusted to be tightly combined with the dam body and the dike back slope after rolling down to the dam bottom, and are laid in sequence by the method, and the coincidence rate of every two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials is controlled to be 20-25cm during laying;
s5: after the laying is finished, the connecting piece penetrates through the first through hole in the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material at the overlapping area to be fixedly inserted into the lower cushion block, and then the upper pressing block is fixedly connected with the upper end of the connecting piece to finish the fixing of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material;
s6: whether the connection of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material and the hook is finished or not is checked, whether the hook is self-locked or not is checked, whether all the upper pressing blocks are connected with the corresponding lower cushion blocks or not is checked, the phenomena of unhooking and deviation of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material when overtopping flood is discharged are prevented, and the safety of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material;
s7: after flood discharge of overtopping flood is finished, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material and the fixing component are taken down and stored well, and can be reused subsequently.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a plurality of anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials are laid on the wave wall and the back slope along the axial direction of the dam, so that the dam foundation and the dike soil and stones can be effectively resisted and scoured by high-speed water flow, and seepage and protection can be realized, and the occurrence of crisis conditions such as reservoir dam collapse, dike breach and the like caused by overtopping erosion damage caused by flood exceeding the design standard can be prevented. The anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material is fixed on the wave wall through the hook assembly and then fixed on the back slope through the fixing assembly, so that the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material can be effectively prevented from deviating, the stability of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material is greatly enhanced, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material and the fixing assembly can be recycled and stored after flood discharge is finished, and the recycling rate is high. The protection method has the characteristics of simple construction method, high construction speed, high repeated utilization rate and the like, and is suitable for emergency protection of various earth and rockfill dams and the back water slopes of earth and rockfill dams.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the construction of the scour-resistant impermeable composite geotextile material in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view after the fixing member is installed in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the fixing portion and the lower cushion in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the construction of the anti-scour and anti-seepage composite geotextile material in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of embodiment 2 after the fixing member is attached;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper press block, a connecting member and a lower cushion block in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an upper press block, a connecting member and a lower cushion block in example 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the hook members in examples 1 and 2;
the device comprises a wave wall 1, a backwater slope 2, an anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3, an overlapping area 31, a hook 41, a fixing component 5, a fixing part 51, an upper pressing block 52, a bulge 521, a connecting piece 53, a lower cushion block 54, an inserting hole 541, a through hole 55 and a magnet 56.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the emergency protective structure for earth and rockfill dam and earth and rockfill embankment downslope comprises a plurality of anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 which are sequentially laid on a wave wall 1 and a downslope 2 along the axis of the dam or embankment, a hook component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 on the wave wall 1, and a fixing component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 on the downslope 2, as shown in fig. 8, the hook component comprises a plurality of hooks 41 which are sequentially arranged along the axis direction of the dam or embankment, the hooks 41 are arranged on the wave wall 1, the hook heads of the hooks face one side of the downslope, hook holes are arranged on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 are sequentially and continuously spliced on the wave wall 1 and the downslope 3 along the axis direction of the dam or, the hook 41 can be locked automatically after hooking, and an overlapping amount of 25cm is arranged between two adjacent anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 to form an overlapping area 31.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the fixing portion 51 is formed by crossing strip-shaped plates along and perpendicular to the axial direction of the dam or dyke.
The fixing component comprises a fixing part 51, an upper pressing block 52, a connecting piece 53 and a lower cushion block 54, through holes I are formed in the superposition positions of the two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 in the overlapping area 31 and the fixing part 51, the connecting piece 53 penetrates through the through holes I, the upper end of the through holes I is connected with the upper pressing block 52, the lower end of the connecting piece is connected with the lower cushion block 54, the lower cushion block 54 is anchored on the fixing part 51, and the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 are fixed on the fixing component on the backwater slope 2 through the upper pressing block 52, the connecting piece 53 and.
Wherein, the material of the fixing component 5 is polytetrafluoroethylene. The thickness of the upper pressing block 52 and the lower cushion block 54 is 6 mm. The anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is made of three layers of materials, namely PET cloth, geomembrane and geotextile, through high-temperature extrusion, and has the advantages of high-speed water flow scouring resistance, seepage prevention, dam foundation and embankment soil and stone protection and the like.
The emergency protection method for the earth and rockfill dam and the earth and rockfill bank back water slope by using the emergency protection structure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the size of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3, the arrangement density of the hooks 41, the arrangement density of the fixed components and the arrangement density of the lower cushion blocks 54 on the fixed components according to the slope ratio of the earth-rock dam and the back water slope 2 of the earth-rock dam, the dam height and the rain collecting area of the reservoir;
s2: drilling the wave wall 1 according to the determined density of the hooks 41, fixing the hooks 41 after drilling through the drilled holes by using bolts, determining the diameter of each hook 41 according to the dam height and the rain collecting area, and sequentially installing the hooks 41 required by the whole dam body by the same method; in the installation process, the hook 41 is ensured to be parallel to the axis of the dam, and the offset is controlled to be 1%;
s3: fixing parts 51 of the fixing components are fixed on the backwater slope 2 from top to bottom at equal intervals, and a lower cushion block 54 is arranged on the fixing parts 51;
s4: the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is transferred to the dam top to be hooked with the hook 41, then rolls down from top to bottom, is adjusted to be tightly combined with the dam body and the dike back slope after rolling down to the dam bottom, and is laid in sequence by the method, and the coincidence rate of every two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 is controlled to be 20-25cm during laying;
s5: after the laying is finished, the connecting piece 53 penetrates through the first through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 at the overlapping area 31 to be fixedly inserted into the lower cushion block 54, and then the upper pressing block 52 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the connecting piece 53, so that the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is fixed;
s6: whether the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is connected with the hook 41 or not is checked, whether the hook 41 is self-locked or not is checked, whether all the upper pressing blocks 52 are connected with the corresponding lower cushion blocks 54 or not is checked, the phenomena of unhooking and deviation of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 when overtopping flood is discharged are prevented, and the safety of the overtopping and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material is ensured;
s7: after flood discharge of overtopping flood is finished, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 and the fixing component are taken down and stored well, and can be reused subsequently.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, the emergency protective structure for earth and rockfill dam and earth and rockfill embankment downslope comprises a plurality of anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 sequentially laid on a wave wall 1 and a downslope 2 along the axis of the dam or embankment, a hook component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 on the wave wall 1, and a fixing component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 on the downslope 2, as shown in fig. 8, the hook component comprises a plurality of hooks 41 sequentially arranged along the axis direction of the dam or embankment, the hooks 41 are arranged on the wave wall 1 and have hook heads facing the side of the downslope, hook holes are arranged on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 are sequentially and continuously spliced on the wave wall 1 and the downslope 3 along the axis direction of the dam or embankment and are hung on, the hook 41 can be locked automatically after hooking, and the overlapping amount of 20cm is arranged between two adjacent anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 to form an overlapping area 31.
As shown in fig. 5, the fixing portion 51 is a plurality of elongated fixing plates disposed from top to bottom along the axial direction of the dam or the bank.
The fixing component comprises a fixing part 51, an upper pressing block 52, a connecting piece 53 and a lower cushion block 54, through holes I are formed in the superposition positions of the two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 in the overlapping area 31 and the fixing part 51, the connecting piece 53 penetrates through the through holes I, the upper end of the through holes I is connected with the upper pressing block 52, the lower end of the connecting piece is connected with the lower cushion block 54, the lower cushion block 54 is anchored on the fixing part 51, and the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 are fixed on the fixing component on the backwater slope 2 through the upper pressing block 52, the connecting piece 53 and.
As shown in fig. 7, the upper pressing block 52 is a rectangular flat plate with a chamfer, the upper pressing block 52 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 521 which are distributed equidistantly along the center and have downward directions, the lower cushion block 54 corresponds to the upper pressing block 52 in shape, the lower cushion block 54 is provided with insertion holes 541 which correspond to the protrusions 521 one by one, the periphery of the first through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotextile material 3 is also provided with second through holes which correspond to the protrusions 521 one by one, each protrusion 521 on the upper pressing block 52 sequentially penetrates through the second through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotextile material 3 and the insertion hole 541 on the lower cushion block 54 from top to bottom, and the protrusions 521 and the insertion holes 541 are in interference fit.
Wherein, the material of the fixing component 5 is ABS plastic. The thickness of the upper pressing block 52 and the lower cushion block 54 is 12 mm.
The anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is prepared by compounding PET cloth, a framework material, geotechnical cloth and a modified asphalt waterproof layer material, wherein the framework material is selected from an elastic resin material such as flexile resin or an elastic plastic material such as TPEE;
the preparation method of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) making the framework material into long strips and arranging the long strips in a crossed manner to form a planar mesh structure;
(2) and (2) extruding and compounding the PET cloth, the framework material of the planar net structure in the step (1) and the geotextile layer at high temperature, and then rolling and compounding the PET cloth, the framework material of the planar net structure and the geotextile layer with the modified asphalt waterproof layer by using a hot roller to obtain the scour resistance and seepage prevention composite geotextile material 3.
Compared with the anti-seepage material in the prior art, the anti-scouring anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 prepared by the method has better corrosion resistance, high-speed water flow scouring resistance, water resistance and anti-seepage performance.
The emergency protection method for the earth and rockfill dam and the earth and rockfill bank back water slope by using the emergency protection structure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the size of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3, the arrangement density of the hooks 41, the arrangement density of the fixed components and the arrangement density of the lower cushion blocks 54 on the fixed components according to the slope ratio of the earth-rock dam and the back water slope 2 of the earth-rock dam, the dam height and the rain collecting area of the reservoir;
s2: drilling the wave wall 1 according to the determined density of the hooks 41, fixing the hooks 41 after drilling through the drilled holes by using bolts, determining the diameter of each hook 41 according to the dam height and the rain collecting area, and sequentially installing the hooks 41 required by the whole dam body by the same method; in the installation process, the hook 41 is ensured to be parallel to the axis of the dam, and the offset is controlled to be 4%;
s3: fixing parts 51 of the fixing components are fixed on the backwater slope 2 from top to bottom at equal intervals, and a lower cushion block 54 is arranged on the fixing parts 51;
s4: the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is transferred to the dam top to be hooked with the hook 41, then rolls down from top to bottom, is adjusted to be tightly combined with the dam body and the dike back slope after rolling down to the dam bottom, and is laid in sequence by the method, and the coincidence rate of every two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials 3 is controlled to be 20-25cm during laying;
s5: after the laying is finished, the connecting piece 53 penetrates through the first through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 at the overlapping area 31 to be fixedly inserted with the lower cushion block 54, the bulges 521 on the upper pressing block 52 sequentially penetrate through the second through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 and the insertion hole 541 on the lower cushion block 54 from top to bottom, and then the upper pressing block 52 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the connecting piece 53 to finish the fixing of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3;
s6: whether the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 is connected with the hook 41 or not is checked, whether the hook 41 is self-locked or not is checked, whether all the upper pressing blocks 52 are connected with the corresponding lower cushion blocks 54 or not is checked, the phenomena of unhooking and deviation of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 when overtopping flood is discharged are prevented, and the safety of the overtopping and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material is ensured;
s7: after flood discharge of overtopping flood is finished, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 and the fixing component are taken down and stored well, and can be reused subsequently.
Example 3:
the difference from embodiment 2 is that, as shown in fig. 6, the connecting member 53 is specifically a connecting sleeve, a third through hole 55 is provided in the middle of the lower cushion block 54, the connecting sleeve can pass through the third through hole 55 and be detachably connected with the third through hole 55, a magnet 56 is embedded in the fixing portion 51 at a position corresponding to the third through hole 55, an iron block capable of attracting the magnet 56 is provided in the connecting sleeve, and a detachable cover plate is provided on the lower cushion block 54. The attractive force between the magnets 56 can further strengthen the connection strength between the upper pressing block 52 and the lower cushion block 54, and is more favorable for preventing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material 3 from moving.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An emergency protection structure for an earth and rockfill dam and an earth and rockfill embankment backwater slope is characterized by comprising a plurality of anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) which are sequentially paved on a wave wall (1) and a backwater slope (2) along the axis of the dam or embankment, a hook component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) on the wave wall (1), and a fixing component for fixing the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) on the backwater slope (2), wherein the hook component comprises a plurality of hooks (41) which are sequentially arranged along the axis direction of the dam or embankment, the hooks (41) are arranged on the wave wall (1) and have hook heads facing one side of the backwater slope, hook holes are formed in the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3), the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) are sequentially and continuously spliced and paved on the wave wall (1) and the backwater slope (3), and is hung on the hook (41) through the hook hole, the hook (41) can be locked automatically after the hanging is finished, a certain overlapping amount is arranged between two adjacent anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3), and forming an overlapping region (31), the fixing assembly comprising a fixing portion (51), an upper pressing block (52), a connecting member (53), and a lower cushion block (54), the two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) in the overlapping area (31) are provided with a first through hole at the overlapping part with the fixing part (51), the connecting piece (53) penetrates through the first through hole, the upper end of the connecting piece is connected with the upper pressing block (52), the lower end of the connecting piece is connected with the lower cushion block (54), the lower cushion blocks (54) are all anchored on the fixing part (51), the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) is fixed on a fixing component on the backwater slope (2) through an upper pressing block (52), a connecting piece (53) and a lower cushion block (54);
the upper pressing block (52) is flat, the shape of the upper pressing block is rectangular with chamfers, crossed plate-shaped with chamfers, oval or regular hexagon, a plurality of protrusions (521) which are distributed equidistantly along the center and are downward are arranged on the upper pressing block (52), the shape of the lower cushion block (54) is correspondingly consistent with that of the upper pressing block (52), and the lower cushion block (54) is provided with inserting holes (541) which are corresponding to the bulges (521) one by one, the periphery of the first through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) is also provided with a second through hole which is in one-to-one correspondence with the bulges (521), each bulge (521) on the upper pressing block (52) sequentially penetrates through the second through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) and the inserting hole (541) on the lower cushion block (54) from top to bottom, the bulge (521) and the insertion hole (541) are in interference fit;
the connecting piece (53) is specifically a connecting sleeve, a through hole III (55) is arranged in the middle of the lower cushion block (54), the connecting sleeve can penetrate through the through hole III (55) and can be detachably connected with the through hole III (55), a magnet (56) is embedded in a position, corresponding to the through hole III (55), in the fixing portion (51), an iron block capable of attracting the magnet (56) is arranged in the connecting sleeve, and a detachable cover plate is arranged on the lower cushion block (54).
2. Emergency shelter structure for earth and rockfill dams, landscapes of the earth and rockfill dams according to claim 1, wherein said fixing portions (51) are a plurality of elongated fixing plates arranged from top to bottom along the axis of the dam or dam.
3. The emergency shelter structure for earth and rockfill dams, landscapes of earth and rockfill dams, according to claim 1, wherein said fixing portions (51) are formed by criss-crossing elongated plates along and perpendicular to the axis of the dam or dam.
4. Emergency protective structure for earth and rockfill dams, landscapes of earth and rockfill dams, according to claim 1, wherein the fixing elements (5) are made of high-strength corrosion-resistant material.
5. Emergency protective structure for earth and rockfill dams, water slopes behind earth and rockfill dams, according to claim 1, wherein said fixing component (5) is selected from any one of teflon, ABS plastic or F46 resin.
6. The emergency protective structure for earth and rockfill dams, water slopes behind earth and rockfill dams according to claim 1, wherein the scour-resistant impermeable composite geotextile material (3) is made of three layers of PET cloth, geomembrane and geotextile through high-temperature extrusion.
7. The emergency protective structure for the earth-rock dam or the water slope behind the earth-rock dam of claim 1, wherein the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) is prepared by compounding PET cloth, framework material, geotechnical cloth and modified asphalt waterproof layer material, and the framework material is selected from elastic resin material or elastic plastic material.
8. An emergency protection method for an earth-rock dam and an earth-rock dike backwater slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: determining the size of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3), the arrangement density of the hooks (41), the arrangement density of the fixed components and the arrangement density of the lower cushion blocks (54) on the fixed components according to the slope ratio of the earth-rock dam and the earth-rock dam back water slope (2), the dam height and the rain collecting area of the reservoir;
s2: drilling the wave wall (1) according to the determined density of the hooks (41), fixing the hooks (41) after drilling through the drilled holes by using bolts, determining the diameter of the hooks (41) according to the dam height and the rain collecting area, and sequentially installing the hooks (41) required by the whole dam body by the same method; in the installation process, the hook (41) is ensured to be parallel to the axis of the dam, and the offset is controlled to be 1-4%;
s3: fixing parts (51) of the fixing component are fixed on the backwater slope (2) from top to bottom at equal intervals, and a lower cushion block (54) is arranged on the fixing parts (51);
s4: the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) are transferred to the dam top to be hooked with the hook (41), then roll down from top to bottom, are adjusted to be tightly combined with the dam body and the dike back slope after rolling down to the dam bottom, and are laid in sequence by the method, and the coincidence rate of every two anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical materials (3) is controlled to be 20-25cm during laying;
s5: after the laying is finished, the connecting piece (53) penetrates through the first through hole on the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) at the overlapping area (31) to be fixedly inserted into the lower cushion block (54), and then the upper pressing block (52) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the connecting piece (53), so that the fixation of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) is finished;
s6: whether the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) is connected with the hook (41) or not is checked, whether the hook (41) is self-locked or not is checked, whether all the upper pressing blocks (52) are connected with the corresponding lower cushion blocks (54) or not is checked, the phenomena of unhooking and deviation of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) when overtopping flood is discharged are prevented, and the safety of the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material is ensured;
s7: after flood discharge of overtopping flood is finished, the anti-scouring and anti-seepage composite geotechnical material (3) and the fixing component are taken down and stored well, and can be reused subsequently.
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| CN110761243B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-02-26 | 河海大学 | Buoyancy type geomembrane device for preventing dam breaking due to overtopping |
| CN112813920A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-18 | 河海大学 | Emergency rescue device for preventing overtopping damage of dike and earth dam and construction method |
| CN112878276B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2024-03-15 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Barrier lake drainage groove net chain slope protection structure and method |
| CN115247410B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-02-09 | 天津中水新华工程规划设计有限公司 | Device for preventing medium and small earth-rock dams from being overtopped and damaged and transformation method |
| CN114293516B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-09-29 | 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Rapid solving method for preventing earth and rockfill dam from exceeding standard and flooding |
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